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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">s5CTjP4fHGY8PtY8pMbByCn</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2021001100518</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20210734</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20210734</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Os Pacientes com S&#237;ndrome de Heyde Deveriam Sofrer Interven&#231;&#227;o Valvar Precoce?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8809-8783</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Melo</surname>
            <given-names>Marcelo Dantas Tavares de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8920-5173</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pena</surname>
            <given-names>Jose Luiz Barros</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Jorge de</given-names>
            <suffix>J&#250;nior</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7152-1810</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Salemi</surname>
            <given-names>Vera Maria Cury</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal da Para&#237;ba</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Jo&#227;o Pessoa</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">PB</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal da Para&#237;ba, Jo&#227;o Pessoa, PB &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Faculdade Ci&#234;ncias M&#233;dicas de Minas Gerais</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Faculdade Ci&#234;ncias M&#233;dicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>3</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o (InCor)</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o (InCor) do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Vera Maria Cury Salemi &#8226;</bold> Av. Jandira, 185 ap 41B. CEP <postal-code>04080-000</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil. E-mail: <email>verasalemi@uol.com.br</email>, <email>verasalemi@cardiol.br</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>20</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>117</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>518</fpage>
      <lpage>519</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Estenose da Valva A&#243;rtica</kwd>
        <kwd>Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/complica&#231;&#245;es</kwd>
        <kwd>Interven&#231;&#227;o Coron&#225;ria Percut&#226;nea</kwd>
        <kwd>Comorbidades</kwd>
        <kwd>Mortalidade</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="10"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>O perfil epidemiol&#243;gico do paciente com estenose a&#243;rtica vem mudando com o envelhecimento da popula&#231;&#227;o, caracterizando-se por aumento das comorbidades associadas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> Gra&#231;as &#224; revolu&#231;&#227;o do tratamento valvar a&#243;rtico percut&#226;neo, muitos pacientes que antes teriam uma sobrevida e uma qualidade de vida limitada, v&#234;m se beneficiando da possibilidade de um tratamento curativo. Por outro lado, os desafios cl&#237;nicos que surgem nessa popula&#231;&#227;o refor&#231;am n&#227;o somente a relev&#226;ncia consolidada do <italic>heart team</italic>, mas tamb&#233;m de outras especialidades como oncologia e hematologia.</p>
    <p>O interessante estudo publicado na atual edi&#231;&#227;o refor&#231;a a import&#226;ncia da associa&#231;&#227;o entre a s&#237;ndrome de Heyde e estenose a&#243;rtica, com aumento de sangramento nessa popula&#231;&#227;o. Por&#233;m &#233; importante real&#231;ar nesse contexto as comorbidades frequentemente associadas e que podem contribuir para eventuais hemorragias digestivas, tais como a associa&#231;&#227;o entre estenose a&#243;rtica com neoplasia, pois ambas compartilham os mesmos fatores de risco, em particular, a neoplasia de c&#243;lon.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref> Esta apresenta-se com os sinais cl&#237;nicos cardinais: anemia e a hemorragia digestiva baixa. Nesse contexto, &#233; mandat&#243;ria a exclus&#227;o de neoplasia, mesmo na suspeita de S&#237;ndrome de Heyde. Ainda podemos descrever outras comorbidades frequentemente associadas<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref> que agregam risco de sangramento pela terap&#234;utica utilizada, como a doen&#231;a arterial coron&#225;ria que, habitualmente, utiliza a antiagrega&#231;&#227;o plaquet&#225;ria, ou a dupla antiagrega&#231;&#227;o ap&#243;s a realiza&#231;&#227;o de interven&#231;&#227;o coronariana percut&#226;nea com stent elu&#237;do em droga. Outro exemplo &#233; a preval&#234;ncia aumentada de fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref> Nesse cen&#225;rio, quando a S&#237;ndrome de Heyde est&#225; presente, ocorre uma maximiza&#231;&#227;o intr&#237;nseca de sangramento uma vez que se utiliza a anticoagula&#231;&#227;o. Outra condi&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica que vem crescendo na popula&#231;&#227;o idosa &#233; a amiloidose card&#237;aca, principalmente por transtiretina. A associa&#231;&#227;o com a estenose a&#243;rtica grave &#233; mais comum do que se imaginava, variando entre 12 e 16%.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> Assim como a estenose a&#243;rtica, a sua preval&#234;ncia &#233; maior na popula&#231;&#227;o idosa; a fibra amiloide atua diretamente na cascata da coagula&#231;&#227;o, favorecendo o surgimento de eventos hemorr&#225;gicos espont&#226;neos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref> Por &#250;ltimo, n&#227;o relacionado com aumento de sangramento, mas com o impacto que isso possa ocasionar, a fragilidade do paciente com estenose a&#243;rtica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> Um paciente com estenose a&#243;rtica grave e considerado fr&#225;gil, tem uma menor reserva org&#226;nica para suportar um eventual sangramento grave. Sabe-se que a necessidade de transfus&#227;o sangu&#237;nea impacta negativamente na morbidade e mortalidade dessa popula&#231;&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref></p>
    <p>O trabalho de Rosa et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref> refor&#231;a a import&#226;ncia de uma associa&#231;&#227;o negligenciada e com uma elevada taxa de sangramento grave e necessidade de transfus&#227;o na admiss&#227;o, com risco elevado de mortalidade. A recomenda&#231;&#227;o atual para realiza&#231;&#227;o de rastreio com colonoscopia de c&#226;ncer colorretal reduziu para 45 anos segundo a <italic>U.S. Preventive Services Task Force</italic>. Al&#233;m disso, no nosso meio, o acesso a procedimentos endosc&#243;picos n&#227;o &#233; massivamente dispon&#237;vel para grande parte da popula&#231;&#227;o o que agrega um risco aumentado, uma vez que os diagn&#243;sticos de angiodisplasia e de neoplasia do trato digestivos n&#227;o s&#227;o rotineiramente feitos. O questionamento do artigo &#233; v&#225;lido por v&#225;rios aspectos: refor&#231;a a import&#226;ncia de pesquisar ativamente a presen&#231;a de angiodisplasia nessa popula&#231;&#227;o e, com isso, justifica um novo olhar sobre as indica&#231;&#245;es habituais de interven&#231;&#227;o na estenose a&#243;rtica. Outro ponto de pondera&#231;&#227;o &#233; o uso criterioso da antiagrega&#231;&#227;o plaquet&#225;ria nessa popula&#231;&#227;o. Outro aspecto interessante levantado nesse estudo &#233; a indica&#231;&#227;o de interven&#231;&#227;o valvar nesses pacientes, independentemente da presen&#231;a de sintomas ou complicadores, mas, isso ainda &#233; controverso. Por &#250;ltimo, diante da singular fragilidade cl&#237;nica de um paciente com estenose a&#243;rtica grave, &#233; sempre importante o seu encaminhamento para centros de refer&#234;ncias que se tenham acesso &#224; multiespecialidade e &#224; tomada de decis&#227;o mais assertiva.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: S&#237;ndrome de Heyde: Estrat&#233;gias Terap&#234;uticas e Seguimento de Longo Prazo</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Should Patients with Heyde&#8217;s Syndrome Undergo Early Valve Intervention?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8809-8783</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Melo</surname>
            <given-names>Marcelo Dantas Tavares de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8920-5173</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pena</surname>
            <given-names>Jose Luiz Barros</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Jorge de</given-names>
            <suffix>J&#250;nior</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7152-1810</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Salemi</surname>
            <given-names>Vera Maria Cury</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Jo&#227;o Pessoa</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">PB</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal da Para&#237;ba, Jo&#227;o Pessoa, PB &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff5">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Faculdade Ci&#234;ncias M&#233;dicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff6">
          <label>3</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o (InCor) do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Vera Maria Cury Salemi &#8226;</bold> Av. Jandira, 185 ap 41B. Postal Code <postal-code>04080-000</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil. E-mail: <email>verasalemi@uol.com.br</email>, <email>verasalemi@cardiol.br</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Aortic Valve Stenosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/complications</kwd>
        <kwd>Percutaneous Coronary Intervention</kwd>
        <kwd>Comorbidities</kwd>
        <kwd>Mortality</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>The epidemiological profile of patients with aortic stenosis has changed with the aging of the population, characterized by an increase in associated comorbidities.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> Thanks to the revolution in percutaneous aortic valve treatment, many patients who previously would have limited survival and quality of life have benefited from the possibility of curative treatment. On the other hand, the clinical challenges that arise in this population reinforce not only the consolidated relevance of the heart team but also of other specialties such as oncology and hematology.</p>
      <p>The interesting study published in the current issue reinforces the importance of the association between Heyde&#8217;s syndrome and aortic stenosis, with increased bleeding in this population. However, it is important to highlight in this context the frequently associated comorbidities that may contribute to eventual digestive bleeding, such as the association between aortic stenosis and neoplasm, since both share the same risk factors, particularly colon cancer neoplasm.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref> This one presents with cardinal clinical signs: anemia and low gastrointestinal bleeding. In this context, the exclusion of neoplasm is mandatory, even in the suspicion of Heyde&#8217;s Syndrome. We can also describe other frequently associated comorbidities<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref> that add bleeding risk due to the therapy used, such as coronary artery disease, which usually uses antiplatelet therapy, or dual anti-aggregation after percutaneous coronary intervention with a drug-eluting stent.</p>
      <p>Another example is the increased prevalence of atrial fibrillation.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref> In this scenario, when Heyde&#8217;s Syndrome is present, there is an intrinsic maximization of bleeding once anticoagulation is used. Another clinical condition that is growing in the elderly population is cardiac amyloidosis, mainly by transthyretin. Another clinical condition growing in the elderly population is cardiac amyloidosis, mainly caused by transthyretin. The association with severe aortic stenosis is more common than previously thought, ranging between 12 and 16%.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> Like aortic stenosis, its prevalence is higher in the elderly population; amyloid fiber acts directly in the coagulation cascade, favoring the emergence of spontaneous hemorrhagic events.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref> Finally, not related to increased bleeding, but the impact that this may cause, the frailty of the patient with aortic stenosis.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> A patient with severe aortic stenosis, considered frail, has a less organic reserve to withstand any severe bleeding. It is known that the need for blood transfusion negatively impacts the morbidity and mortality of this population.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref></p>
      <p>The work of Rosa et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref> reinforces the importance of a neglected association with a high rate of severe bleeding and the need for transfusion on admission, with an increased risk of mortality. The current recommendation for screening colonoscopy for colorectal cancer has been reduced to 45 years according to the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. In addition, access to endoscopic procedures is not massively available to a large part of the population in our country, which increases risk since the diagnoses of angiodysplasia and neoplasia of the digestive tract are not routinely made. The article&#8217;s questioning is valid for several aspects: it reinforces the importance of actively researching angiodysplasia in this population. Therefore, it justifies a new look at the usual indications for intervention in aortic stenosis. Another point of weighting is the judicious use of platelet anti-aggregation in this population. Another interesting aspect raised in this study is the indication of valve intervention in these patients, regardless of the presence of symptoms or complicating factors, but this is still controversial. Finally, given the unique clinical fragility of a patient with severe aortic stenosis, it is always important to refer them to reference centers with access to multispecialty and more assertive decision-making.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Heyde&#8217;s Syndrome: Therapeutic Strategies and Long-Term Follow-Up</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
