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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">zYyktmgTmH6Ch36RxpTzgrf</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2021001100511</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20210662</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20210662</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Uma Nova Via para Oclus&#227;o Coronariana com Elabela?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0570-4368</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Wang</surname>
            <given-names>Ricardo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5420-2482</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Figueiredo</surname>
            <given-names>Estev&#227;o Lanna</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <name>
            <surname>Neuschwander</surname>
            <given-names>Fernando Carvalho</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Servi&#231;o de Cardiologia do Instituto Orizonti</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Servi&#231;o de Cardiologia do Instituto Orizonti, Belo Horizonte, MG - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Ricardo Wang</bold> &#8226; Avenida Jos&#233; do Patroc&#237;nio Pontes, 1355. CEP <postal-code>30.210-090</postal-code>, Mangabeiras, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil. E-mail: <email>rwang@terra.com.br</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>20</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>117</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>511</fpage>
      <lpage>511</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Oclus&#227;o Coron&#225;ria</kwd>
        <kwd>Angina Microvascular</kwd>
        <kwd>Mi&#243;citos Card&#237;acos</kwd>
        <kwd>Circula&#231;&#227;o Colateral</kwd>
        <kwd>Biomarcadores (Elabela)</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="6"/>
        <page-count count="1"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A Oclus&#227;o coronariana total (OCT) caracteriza-se por uma obstru&#231;&#227;o com dura&#231;&#227;o estimada em mais de 3 meses e est&#225; presente em cerca de 15-18% de todas as coronariografias realizadas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> As manifesta&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas podem variar desde quadros assintom&#225;ticos, passando por angina est&#225;vel, at&#233; graus variados de disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular. Isto depende principalmente do grau da circula&#231;&#227;o colateral. Sendo pobre, pode levar a comprometimento da viabilidade dos mi&#243;citos e associar-se a v&#225;rios graus de necrose e/ou mioc&#225;rdio hibernante. Na presen&#231;a de colaterais bem desenvolvidas (Rentrop grau III), o paciente pode ser assintom&#225;tico e ter fun&#231;&#227;o contr&#225;til preservada.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref> Portanto, a forma&#231;&#227;o de uma circula&#231;&#227;o colateral bem desenvolvida, principalmente antes da oclus&#227;o do vaso, &#233; fundamental para a preserva&#231;&#227;o dos mi&#243;citos.</p>
    <p>Apesar dos avan&#231;os no tratamento cl&#237;nico da angina est&#225;vel, muitos pacientes portadores de OCT s&#227;o submetidos a procedimentos intervencionistas. Destes, a maioria &#233; encaminhada para cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica ou interven&#231;&#227;o coronariana percut&#226;nea (ICP) com t&#233;cnicas mais avan&#231;adas, mas tamb&#233;m com maior risco de complica&#231;&#245;es. O estudo de mecanismos potencialmente estimuladores da arteriog&#234;nese e angiog&#234;nese (forma&#231;&#227;o de circula&#231;&#227;o colateral) abre oportunidades para o desenvolvimento de medicamentos que, por sua vez, evitariam interven&#231;&#245;es desnecess&#225;rias e/ou poderiam beneficiar pacientes com sintomas refrat&#225;rios ao tratamento cl&#237;nico convencional otimizado e que s&#227;o maus candidatos &#224;s interven&#231;&#245;es (exemplo: leito distal fino, doen&#231;a coronariana difusa).</p>
    <p>Nesta edi&#231;&#227;o dos ABC, em um estudo transversal, Yavuz e Kaplan<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref> observaram a rela&#231;&#227;o entre os n&#237;veis de elabela com OCT e a presen&#231;a de circula&#231;&#227;o colateral. H&#225; plausibilidade biol&#243;gica para suportar esta associa&#231;&#227;o. A estimula&#231;&#227;o do sistema apelin&#233;rgico, seja pela apelina ou elabela sobre os receptores APJ, estimula a prolifera&#231;&#227;o vascular.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref> Enquanto a apelina promove predominantemente a angiog&#234;nese, isto &#233;, vasculariza&#231;&#227;o mais capilar, que &#233; importante em regi&#245;es peri-lesionais. J&#225; a elabela &#233; respons&#225;vel pela arteriog&#234;nese, promove a forma&#231;&#227;o de novos vasos com di&#226;metro de at&#233; 2 mm de di&#226;metro,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref> que &#233; o aspecto mais importante para a forma&#231;&#227;o de circula&#231;&#227;o colateral.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref></p>
    <p>Foram necess&#225;rios aproximadamente 30 anos entre a descoberta do receptor APJ at&#233; o aparecimento dos primeiros estudos cl&#237;nicos,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref> mas ser&#227;o necess&#225;rios mais tempo para estudos prospectivos comprovarem a associa&#231;&#227;o entre elabela e forma&#231;&#227;o de novos vasos em adultos. Ser&#225; que a partir destes estudos deste sistema teremos o desenvolvimento da primeira droga efetiva, que funciona sendo agonista de um sistema para tratamento da doen&#231;a coronariana cr&#244;nica? Atualmente as drogas eficazes atuam inibindo a agrega&#231;&#227;o plaquet&#225;ria, reduzindo o LDL colesterol, estabilizando as placas ateromatosas, reduzindo o consumo mioc&#225;rdico de oxig&#234;nio, mas, n&#227;o, estimulando a neoforma&#231;&#227;o vascular.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> Ser&#225; interessante a mudan&#231;a de paradigma, e teremos que aprender a manejar tais medicamentos, cuja l&#243;gica pode n&#227;o ser a de uso por tempo indeterminado.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Associa&#231;&#227;o entre os N&#237;veis S&#233;ricos de Elabela e Oclus&#227;o Total Cr&#244;nica em Pacientes com Angina Pectoris Est&#225;vel</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>A New Pathway to Coronary Occlusion with Elabela?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0570-4368</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Wang</surname>
            <given-names>Ricardo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5420-2482</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Figueiredo</surname>
            <given-names>Estev&#227;o Lanna</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <name>
            <surname>Neuschwander</surname>
            <given-names>Fernando Carvalho</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Servi&#231;o de Cardiologia do Instituto Orizonti, Belo Horizonte, MG - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Ricardo Wang</bold> &#8226; Avenida Jos&#233; do Patroc&#237;nio Pontes, 1355. Postal Code <postal-code>30.210-090</postal-code>, Mangabeiras, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brazil. E-mail: <email>rwang@terra.com.br</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Coronary Occlusion</kwd>
        <kwd>Microvascular Angina</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocytes, Cardiac</kwd>
        <kwd>Collateral Circulation</kwd>
        <kwd>Biomarkers (Elabela)</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Total coronary occlusion (TCO) is characterized by an obstruction with an estimated duration of more than 3 months and is present in approximately 15&#8211;18% of all coronary angiographies performed.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> Clinical manifestations can range from asymptomatic, through stable angina, to varying degrees of ventricular dysfunction. This mainly depends on the degree of collateral circulation. If it is poor, it may compromise the viability of myocytes and associate with various degrees of necrosis and/or hibernating myocardium. In the presence of well-developed collaterals (Rentrop grade III), the patient may be asymptomatic and have a preserved contractile function.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref> Therefore, the formation of a well-developed collateral circulation, especially before vessel occlusion, is essential for the preservation of myocytes.</p>
      <p>Despite advances in the clinical treatment of stable angina, many patients with TCO undergo interventional procedures. Of these, most are referred for coronary artery bypass grafting surgery or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with more advanced techniques, but also with a higher risk of complications. The study of mechanisms potentially stimulating arteriogenesis and angiogenesis (collateral circulation formation) opens up opportunities for the development of drugs that, in turn, would avoid unnecessary interventions and/or could benefit patients with symptoms refractory to optimized conventional clinical treatment and who are poor candidates for interventions (e.g., thin distal bed, diffuse coronary disease).</p>
      <p>In this issue of ABC, in a cross-sectional study, Yavuz and Kaplan<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref> observed the relationship between elabella levels with TCO and the presence of collateral circulation. There is biological plausibility to support this association. Stimulation of the apelinergic system, whether by apelin or elabella on APJ receptors, stimulates vascular proliferation,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref> while apelin predominantly promotes angiogenesis, that is, more capillary vascularization, which is important in peri-lesional regions. Elabella is responsible for arteriogenesis, promotes the formation of new vessels with a diameter of up to 2 mm,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref> which is the most important aspect for the formation of collateral circulation.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref></p>
      <p>It took approximately 30 years from the discovery of the APJ receptor to the first clinical studies,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref> but more time will be needed for prospective studies to prove the association between elabella and new vessel formation in adults. We may wonder whether based on studies of this system the first effective drug, which works as an agonist of a system for the treatment of chronic coronary disease, will be developed. Currently, effective drugs inhibit platelet aggregation, reducing LDL cholesterol, stabilizing atheromatous plaques, reducing myocardial oxygen consumption, but not by stimulating vascular neoformation.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> A paradigm shift will be interesting, and we will have to learn how to handle such medications, whose logic may not be one involving use for an indefinite time.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Association Between Serum Elabela Levels and Chronic Totally Occlusion in Patients with Stable Angina Pectoris</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
