<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "http://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" article-type="editorial" xml:lang="pt">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">84NrxDNGHhhCMHt9xMwRbTM</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2021001000317</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20210595</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20210595</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>O Paradoxo da Intensidade do Exerc&#237;cio F&#237;sico na Preven&#231;&#227;o de Eventos Cardiovasculares na Doen&#231;a Arterial Obstrutiva Perif&#233;rica</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1362-603X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Souza</surname>
            <given-names>Pablo de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <name>
            <surname>Perfete</surname>
            <given-names>C&#225;ssio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Cl&#237;nica Cardiosport</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Florian&#243;polis</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SC</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Cl&#237;nica Cardiosport, Florian&#243;polis SC - Brasil.</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto de Cardiologia de Santa Catarina</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Jos&#233;</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SC</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto de Cardiologia de Santa Catarina (ICSC), S&#227;o Jos&#233; SC - Brasil.</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Pablode Souza</bold> &#8226; Rua Luiz Delfino, 146 &#8211; Ap. 102. CEP <postal-code>88015-360</postal-code>, Centro, Florian&#243;polis, SC &#8211; Brasil. E-mail: <email>pablocardiologia@gmail.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>06</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>117</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>317</fpage>
      <lpage>318</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a da Art&#233;ria Coronariana</kwd>
        <kwd>Reabilita&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Fatores de Risco</kwd>
        <kwd>Claudica&#231;&#227;o Intermitente</kwd>
        <kwd>Exerc&#237;cio</kwd>
        <kwd>Caminhada</kwd>
        <kwd>Atividade Motora</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="10"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A doen&#231;a arterial perif&#233;rica (DAP), que tem como caracter&#237;stica o estreitamento das art&#233;rias de membros inferiores por acometimento ateroscler&#243;tico, apresenta manifesta&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas que v&#227;o muito al&#233;m de apenas uma redu&#231;&#227;o do fluxo sangu&#237;neo, levando &#224; isquemia cr&#244;nica. Evid&#234;ncias atuais mostram que disfun&#231;&#227;o endotelial, estresse oxidativo, rigidez arterial e inflama&#231;&#227;o tamb&#233;m acarretam o comprometimento funcional e, consequentemente, o decl&#237;nio do paciente.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref></p>
    <p>Todos esses fatores acabam impactando na qualidade de vida do indiv&#237;duo, pois reduzem sua resist&#234;ncia ao caminhar, tendo a claudica&#231;&#227;o intermitente (CI) como principal sintoma. N&#227;o menos importante, tamb&#233;m verificamos danos progressivos &#224;s fibras musculares ocasionados por essa isquemia cr&#244;nica, corroborando ainda mais para a disfun&#231;&#227;o da morfologia musculoesquel&#233;tica e metab&#243;lica do membro. Isso acaba criando uma barreira importante para a pr&#225;tica de atividade f&#237;sica, perpetuando e elevando os riscos de eventos cardiovasculares<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref></p>
    <p>Para a redu&#231;&#227;o desses fatores, as diretrizes consideram o exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico como ferramenta essencial na abordagem terap&#234;utica. Estudos randomizados (RCT) demonstram que, apesar de n&#227;o obtermos melhora do &#237;ndice tornozelo- braquial (ITB) com essa abordagem, conseguimos ampliar o tempo de caminhada e a dist&#226;ncia m&#225;xima percorrida (DMP) e neutralizar a CI; portanto, melhorar a qualidade de vida. Em 30 RCT, incluindo 1.816 pacientes com CI, a dist&#226;ncia percorrida livre de dor e a DMP aumentaram em m&#233;dia 82 e 109m, respectivamente, em at&#233; dois anos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref></p>
    <p>Em uma metan&#225;lise de 25 estudos randomizados (1.054 pacientes) abordando estrat&#233;gias de exerc&#237;cios em reabilita&#231;&#227;o de pacientes com DAP, foi conclu&#237;do que o exerc&#237;cio em esteira supervisionado foi superior ao grupo-controle, com um ganho de 128m na dist&#226;ncia de caminhada sem dor e de 180m na dist&#226;ncia de caminhada m&#225;xima. Em contrapartida, 3 RCT (n=493) com DAP demonstraram que exerc&#237;cios de caminhada domiciliares, quando incorporados com t&#233;cnicas de mudan&#231;a comportamental, melhoraram a dist&#226;ncia de caminhada no teste de 6 minutos mais do que interven&#231;&#245;es em esteira supervisionada (45-54m <italic>vs</italic>. 33-35m, respectivamente). Esse fato, talvez, possa ser em virtude da maior facilidade e aplicabilidade dos exerc&#237;cios em solo em compara&#231;&#227;o &#224; esteira, que requer tempo de aprendizagem.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref></p>
    <p>No entanto, al&#233;m dos benef&#237;cios demonstrados, &#233; importante compreender os riscos inerentes ao grau de intensidade do exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico neste grupo de paciente em quest&#227;o, uma vez que, agudamente, cada sess&#227;o pode aumentar transitoriamente seu risco cardiovascular. Estudos anteriores relataram que caminhar com sintomas quase m&#225;ximos de CI promove aumento de sobrecarga card&#237;aca, disfun&#231;&#227;o endotelial, estresse oxidativo e inflama&#231;&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref></p>
    <p>Nesta edi&#231;&#227;o dos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, Marcel Chehuen et al. compararam, em pacientes com DAP sintom&#225;tica, os efeitos fisiol&#243;gicos agudos de exerc&#237;cios m&#225;ximos e subm&#225;ximos de caminhada no p&#243;s-exerc&#237;cio. Dos 50 pacientes selecionados, apenas 30 foram inclu&#237;dos no estudo. As vari&#225;veis analisadas foram: fun&#231;&#227;o cardiovascular, frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (FC) e sua variabilidade, modula&#231;&#227;o auton&#244;mica, fun&#231;&#227;o vascular e endotelial, estresse oxidativo e inflama&#231;&#227;o. Foi poss&#237;vel observar, quanto aos efeitos agudos, uma redu&#231;&#227;o da press&#227;o arterial (PA) sist&#243;lica ap&#243;s o teste subm&#225;ximo, ao contr&#225;rio da sess&#227;o m&#225;xima que aumentou com signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica. J&#225; em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; PA diast&#243;lica, houve aumento apenas com a caminhada m&#225;xima (p&lt;0,001) assim como o duplo produto (p=0,007). As vari&#225;veis como FC e inflama&#231;&#227;o (ICAM e VCAM) tiveram aumentos semelhantes e com signific&#226;ncia para ambos os testes. Quando foram analisadas as vari&#225;veis de estresse oxidativo e fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial, n&#227;o houve altera&#231;&#245;es nos valores de &#243;xido n&#237;trico e capacidade vasodilatadora entre as sess&#245;es; portanto, sem signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref></p>
    <p>De fato, a hipotens&#227;o p&#243;s-teste subm&#225;ximo j&#225; havia sido relatada em estudos anteriores, mas n&#227;o para o teste m&#225;ximo, que, inclusive, at&#233; aumentou a press&#227;o arterial nesses pacientes. Isso poderia implicar como terapia adicional no tratamento dos pacientes hipertensos e com DAP, utilizando a caminhada subm&#225;xima, mas n&#227;o m&#225;xima, promovendo benef&#237;cios hipotensivos cr&#244;nicos nessa popula&#231;&#227;o. Al&#233;m disso, a sua prescri&#231;&#227;o estaria mais adequada do que a caminhada m&#225;xima, pois resultaria em um menor risco cardiovascular agudo durante o per&#237;odo de recupera&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    <p>Vale salientar que, apesar de encontrarmos resultados importantes e interessantes neste estudo, ele foi realizado apenas com homens e em est&#225;gios de Fountain IIa/IIb, e n&#227;o pode ser extrapolado para mulheres ou em outros est&#225;gios da doen&#231;a, visto que as respostas fisiol&#243;gicas poderiam ser diferentes. Destaca-se, ainda, ser um estudo unic&#234;ntrico, com um n&#250;mero pequeno de participantes inclu&#237;dos, sendo ainda necess&#225;rios estudos randomizados maiores, incluindo mulheres e outros est&#225;gios da doen&#231;a para, assim, conseguir superar essas limita&#231;&#245;es.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref></p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Respostas Fisiol&#243;gicas &#224; Caminhada M&#225;xima e Subm&#225;xima em Pacientes com Doen&#231;a Arterial Perif&#233;rica Sintom&#225;tica</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <ref-list>
      <title>Refer&#234;ncias</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Ismaeel</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Brumberg</surname>
              <given-names>RS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kirk</surname>
              <given-names>JS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Papoutsi</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Farmer</surname>
              <given-names>PJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bohannon</surname>
              <given-names>WT</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Oxidative stress and arterial dysfunction in peripheral artery disease</article-title>
          <source>Antioxidants(Basel)</source>
          <year>2018</year>
          <volume>7</volume>
          <issue>10</issue>
          <fpage>145</fpage>
          <lpage>145</lpage>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>1. Ismaeel A, Brumberg RS, Kirk JS, Papoutsi E, Farmer PJ, Bohannon WT, et al. Oxidative stress and arterial dysfunction in peripheral artery disease. Antioxidants(Basel). 2018;7(10):145.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <label>2</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Kim</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Anderson</surname>
              <given-names>EM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Scali</surname>
              <given-names>ST</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ryan</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in peripheral arterial disease: a A Unifying Mechanism and Therapeutic Target</article-title>
          <source>Antioxidants</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>9</volume>
          <issue>12</issue>
          <fpage>1304</fpage>
          <lpage>1304</lpage>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>2. Kim K, Anderson EM, Scali ST, Ryan T. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in peripheral arterial disease: a A Unifying Mechanism and Therapeutic Target. Antioxidants. 2020;9(12):1304.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B3">
        <label>3</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Correia</surname>
              <given-names>MA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cucato</surname>
              <given-names>GG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lanza</surname>
              <given-names>FC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Peixoto</surname>
              <given-names>RAO</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Zerati</surname>
              <given-names>AE</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Puech-Le&#227;o</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Relationship between gait speed and physical function in patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease</article-title>
          <source>Clinics) S&#227;o Paulo)</source>
          <year>2019</year>
          <volume>74</volume>
          <elocation-id>e1254</elocation-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>3. Correia MA, Cucato GG, Lanza, FC, Peixoto RAO, Zerati AE, Puech-Le&#227;o P, et al. Relationship between gait speed and physical function in patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease. Clinics) S&#227;o Paulo).2019;74:e1254.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B4">
        <label>4</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Aboyans</surname>
              <given-names>V</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ricco</surname>
              <given-names>JB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bartelink</surname>
              <given-names>ML</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bjorck</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Brodmann</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cohnert</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <year>2017</year>
          <article-title>ESC Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases, in collaboration with the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS): Document covering atherosclerotic, renal, upper and lower extremity arteries endorded by : the European Stroke Organization(ESO) The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) ando f the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS)</article-title>
          <source>Eur Heart JK</source>
          <comment>2018</comment>
          <volume>39</volume>
          <issue>9</issue>
          <fpage>763</fpage>
          <lpage>816</lpage>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>4. Aboyans V, Ricco JB, Bartelink ML, Bjorck M, Brodmann M, Cohnert T, et al. 2017 &#8211;ESC Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases, in collaboration with the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS): Document covering atherosclerotic, renal, upper and lower extremity arteries endorded by : the European Stroke Organization(ESO) The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) ando f the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS). Eur Heart JK, 2018;39(9):763-816.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B5">
        <label>5</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>McDermott</surname>
              <given-names>MM</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Exercise rehabilitation for peripheral artery disease: a review</article-title>
          <source>J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev</source>
          <year>2018</year>
          <volume>38</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>63</fpage>
          <lpage>69</lpage>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>5. McDermott MM. Exercise rehabilitation for peripheral artery disease: a review. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2018; 38(2):63-9.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B6">
        <label>6</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Signorelli</surname>
              <given-names>SS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Marino</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Scuto</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Di Raimondo</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Pathphysiol of peripheral arterial disease (PAD): a review on oxidative disorders</article-title>
          <source>Int J Mol Sci</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>21</volume>
          <issue>12</issue>
          <fpage>4393</fpage>
          <lpage>4393</lpage>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>6. Signorelli SS, Marino E, Scuto S, Di Raimondo D. Pathphysiol of peripheral arterial disease (PAD): a review on oxidative disorders. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(12):4393.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B7">
        <label>7</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Gerage</surname>
              <given-names>AM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Correia</surname>
              <given-names>MA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Oliveira</surname>
              <given-names>PML</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Palmeira</surname>
              <given-names>AC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Domingues</surname>
              <given-names>WJR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Zeratti</surname>
              <given-names>AE</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Physical activitylevels in peripheral artery disease patients</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2019</year>
          <volume>113</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>410</fpage>
          <lpage>416</lpage>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>7. Gerage AM, Correia MA, Oliveira PML, Palmeira AC, Domingues WJR. Zeratti AE, et al. Physical activitylevels in peripheral artery disease patients. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2019;113(3):410-6.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B8">
        <label>8</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Farah</surname>
              <given-names>BQ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ritti-Dias</surname>
              <given-names>RM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Montgomery</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cucato</surname>
              <given-names>GG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Gardner</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Exercise intensity during 6-minute walk test in patients with peripheral artery disease</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>114</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>486</fpage>
          <lpage>492</lpage>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>8. Farah BQ, Ritti-Dias RM, Montgomery P, Cucato GG, Gardner A. Exercise intensity during 6-minute walk test in patients with peripheral artery disease. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020;114(3):486-92</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B9">
        <label>9</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Patelis</surname>
              <given-names>N</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Karaolanis</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kouvelos</surname>
              <given-names>GN</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hart</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Metheiken</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>The effect of exercise on coagulation and fibrinolysis factors in patients with peripheral arterial disease</article-title>
          <source>Exp Biol Med (Maywood)</source>
          <year>2016</year>
          <volume>241</volume>
          <issue>15</issue>
          <fpage>1699</fpage>
          <lpage>1707</lpage>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>9. Patelis N, Karaolanis G, Kouvelos GN, Hart C, Metheiken S. The effect of exercise on coagulation and fibrinolysis factors in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2016;241(15):1699-707.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B10">
        <label>10</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Chehuen</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Andrade-Lima</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Silva</surname>
              <given-names>N</given-names>
              <suffix>Junior</suffix>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Miyasato</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Souza</surname>
              <given-names>RWA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Leicht</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Physiological Responses to Maximal and Submaximal Walking in Patients with Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2021</year>
          <volume>117</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>309</fpage>
          <lpage>316</lpage>
          <comment>doi: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20200156">https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20200156</ext-link></comment>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>10. Chehuen M, Andrade-Lima A, Silva Junior N, Miyasato R, Souza RWA, Leicht A, et al. Physiological Responses to Maximal and Submaximal Walking in Patients with Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 117(2):309-316. doi: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20200156">https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20200156</ext-link></mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>The Paradox of Exercise Intensity in Preventing Cardiovascular Events in Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1362-603X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Souza</surname>
            <given-names>Pablo de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <name>
            <surname>Perfete</surname>
            <given-names>C&#225;ssio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Florian&#243;polis</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SC</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Cl&#237;nica Cardiosport, Florian&#243;polis SC - Brazil.</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Jos&#233;</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SC</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto de Cardiologia de Santa Catarina (ICSC), S&#227;o Jos&#233; SC - Brazil.</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Pablode Souza</bold> &#8226; Rua Luiz Delfino, 146 &#8211; Ap. 102. Postal Code <postal-code>88015-360</postal-code>, Centro, Florian&#243;polis, SC &#8211; Brazil. E-mail: <email>pablocardiologia@gmail.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Coronary Artery Disease</kwd>
        <kwd>Rehabilitation</kwd>
        <kwd>Risk Factors</kwd>
        <kwd>Intermittent Claudication</kwd>
        <kwd>Exercise</kwd>
        <kwd>Walking</kwd>
        <kwd>Motor Activity</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is characterized by narrowing of the arteries of the lower limbs due to atherosclerotic involvement. Its clinical manifestations go far beyond just a reduction in blood flow, leading to chronic ischemia. Current evidence shows that endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, arterial stiffness and inflammation also lead to functional impairment, consequently to patient decline.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref></p>
      <p>All these factors end up impacting the quality of life of individuals, as it reduces their walking resistance, with intermittent claudication (IC) as the main symptom. Last but not least, we have also found progressive damage to muscle fibers caused by this chronic ischemia, further worsening the dysfunction of the skeletal muscle and metabolic morphology of the limb. This ends up creating an important barrier to the practice of physical activity, perpetuating and increasing the risk of cardiovascular events.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref></p>
      <p>To reduce these factors, the guidelines consider physical exercise as an essential tool in the therapeutic approach. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) demonstrate that although we did not obtain an improvement in the ankle-brachial index (ABI) with this approach, we were able to extend walking time, the maximum walking distance (MWD), neutralize IC, and therefore improve the quality of life. In 30 RCTs, including 1816 patients with IC, pain-free walking distance and MWD increased on average 82 and 109 meters, respectively, in up to two years.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref></p>
      <p>A meta-analysis of 25 randomized studies (1,054 patients) addressing exercise strategies in the rehabilitation of patients with PAD, found that supervised treadmill exercise was better than the control group, with a gain of 128 meters in pain-free walking distance and 180 meters at the maximum walking distance. In contrast, 3 RCTs (n=493) with PAD found that home walking exercises, when combined with behavior change techniques, improved the 6-minute walking test distance more than interventions on a supervised treadmill (45&#8211;54 meters vs. 33&#8211;35 meters, respectively). This fact, perhaps, may be due to the greater ease and applicability of exercises on the ground compared to the treadmill, which requires learning time.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref></p>
      <p>However, in addition to the benefits shown, it is also important to understand the risks inherent to the degree of intensity of physical exercise in this group of patients, since each session may acutely increase their cardiovascular risk temporarily. Previous studies have reported that walking with near-maximal IC symptoms promotes increased cardiac overload, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref></p>
      <p>In this issue of Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, Marcel Chehuen et al. compared the acute physiological effects of post-exercise maximal and submaximal walking exercises in patients with symptomatic PAD. Of the 50 selected patients, only 30 were included in the study. The variables analyzed were: cardiovascular function, heart rate (HR) and its variability, autonomic modulation, vascular and endothelial function, oxidative stress and inflammation. It was possible to observe, regarding the acute effects, a reduction in systolic BP after the submaximal test, as opposed to the maximum session, which increased with statistical significance. Regarding diastolic BP, there was an increase only with the maximum walk (p&lt;0.001) as well as the double product (p=0.007). Variables such as HR and inflammation (ICAM and VCAM) had similar increases with statistical significance for both tests. And when the variables of oxidative stress and endothelial function were analyzed, there were no changes in the values of nitric oxide and vasodilator capacity between the sessions, therefore without statistical significance.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref></p>
      <p>In fact, submaximal post-test hypotension had been reported in previous studies, but not for the maximal test, which even increased blood pressure in these patients. This could imply an additional therapy for hypertensive and PAD patients, using submaximal &#8212; not maximal &#8212; walking exercise to promote chronic hypotensive benefits in this population. Besides, its prescription would be more appropriate than maximal walking exercise, as it would result in a lower acute cardiovascular risk during the recovery period.</p>
      <p>Although we found important and interesting results in this study, it only included men, in Fountain IIa/IIb stages, and cannot be extrapolated to women or to any other stages of the disease, as physiological responses could be different. Also worthy of note, this is a single-center study including a small number of participants. We still need larger randomized studies, including women and other stages of the disease, in order to overcome these limitations.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref></p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Physiological Responses to Maximal and Submaximal Walking in Patients with Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
