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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">PjFZF9Qqv3xzTTMKFXNV7Pv</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2021001000298</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20210453</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20210453</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Naringina, Trimetazidina e Barorreflexo na Les&#227;o de Isquemia e Reperfus&#227;o Renal</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1435-7994</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Martin</surname>
            <given-names>Luis Cuadrado</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Estadual Paulista</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Botucatu</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP - Brasil.</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Luis Cuadrado Martin</bold> &#8226; UNESP - Cl&#237;nica M&#233;dica - Prof. Montenegro, s/n. CEP <postal-code>18600-000</postal-code>, Botucatu, SP &#8211; Brasil, E-mail: <email>l.martin@unesp.br</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>06</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>117</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>298</fpage>
      <lpage>299</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>Flavanonas</kwd>
        <kwd>Flavon&#243;ides</kwd>
        <kwd>Trimetazidina</kwd>
        <kwd>Vasodilatadores</kwd>
        <kwd>Barorreflexo</kwd>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca</kwd>
        <kwd>Reperfus&#227;o Renal</kwd>
        <kwd>Estresse Oxidativo</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="14"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>O artigo &#8220;Naringina e trimetazidina melhoram a sensibilidade do barorreflexo e a atividade el&#233;trica do n&#250;cleo do trato solit&#225;rio na les&#227;o de isquemia e reperfus&#227;o renal&#8221;, publicado nesta revista,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> encontrou melhora na sensibilidade do barorreflexo em um modelo de les&#227;o renal aguda de isquemia/reperfus&#227;o em ratos tratados com naringina e/ou trimetazidina.</p>
    <p>A trimetazidina e a naringina s&#227;o subst&#226;ncias capazes de reduzir o estresse oxidativo, documentado em diversas situa&#231;&#245;es. A trimetazidina &#233; um f&#225;rmaco com propriedades anti-isqu&#234;micas, que atua diretamente na mitoc&#244;ndria e &#233; capaz de diminuir o estresse oxidativo. A naringina &#233; um polifenol com propriedades antioxidantes presente em diversas frutas c&#237;tricas.</p>
    <p>O estresse oxidativo est&#225; envolvido em diversos processos fisiopatol&#243;gicos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref> Por outro lado, o dist&#250;rbio do reflexo barorreceptor est&#225; envolvido na patog&#234;nese da hipertens&#227;o<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref> e da insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref> Al&#233;m disso, esse dist&#250;rbio atua na doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> e na les&#227;o renal aguda.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref> O n&#250;cleo do trato solit&#225;rio desempenha um papel fundamental na integra&#231;&#227;o do reflexo barorreceptor e sua a&#231;&#227;o &#233; influenciada pelo estresse oxidativo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref></p>
    <p>A atenua&#231;&#227;o do barorreflexo na les&#227;o renal aguda pode dificultar a resposta &#224; instabilidade hemodin&#226;mica durante um epis&#243;dio de les&#227;o renal aguda.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref> A les&#227;o renal aguda tamb&#233;m mostra um aumento no estresse oxidativo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref> Radicais livres e esp&#233;cies reativas de oxig&#234;nio s&#227;o produzidos em abund&#226;ncia no dano renal devido &#224; isquemia/reperfus&#227;o e inunda&#231;&#227;o do sistema circulat&#243;rio causando efeitos indesej&#225;veis em diversos &#243;rg&#227;os, incluindo o trato solit&#225;rio, que, como vimos, &#233; um importante integrador da atividade barorreflexa.</p>
    <p>Em outros modelos, exceto na les&#227;o renal aguda, o estresse oxidativo est&#225; correlacionado com a disfun&#231;&#227;o dos barorreceptores, sendo que os antioxidantes apresentaram melhorar em sua fun&#231;&#227;o. No entanto, na les&#227;o renal aguda, &#233; controverso se esse aumento do estresse oxidativo tem uma rela&#231;&#227;o de causa e efeito com a atenua&#231;&#227;o do barorreflexo. Assim, se, em modelos de les&#227;o renal aguda, ao bloquear o estresse oxidativo, pud&#233;ssemos restaurar o barorreflexo, seria evidente que o estresse oxidativo desempenhe esse papel.</p>
    <p>A varia&#231;&#227;o da rela&#231;&#227;o entre a frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca e a press&#227;o arterial m&#233;dia em compara&#231;&#227;o ao desafio com a fenilefrina foi o &#237;ndice barorreflexo realizado no estudo de Amini et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> Utilizando uma t&#233;cnica estereot&#225;xica, antes de induzir a les&#227;o renal aguda, implantou-se um eletrodo no n&#250;cleo do trato solit&#225;rio dos ratos com atividade nuclear.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> Assim, al&#233;m da melhora do barorreflexo, houve revers&#227;o da atenua&#231;&#227;o da atividade do n&#250;cleo do trato solit&#225;rio documentados concomitantemente com a les&#227;o de reperfus&#227;o.</p>
    <p>Esses resultados t&#234;m implica&#231;&#245;es fisiopatol&#243;gicas, na medida em que demonstram a participa&#231;&#227;o do estresse oxidativo na disfun&#231;&#227;o do n&#250;cleo do trato solit&#225;rio e consequentemente do barorreflexo na les&#227;o renal aguda, bem como implica&#231;&#245;es terap&#234;uticas, uma vez que incentiva o trabalho com esses f&#225;rmacos no sentido de mitigar as complica&#231;&#245;es da les&#227;o renal aguda em humanos,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref> uma situa&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica que denota um progn&#243;stico nefasto.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref> Portanto, esta linha de pesquisa pode ajudar a compreender o tratamento em humanos com essa entidade nosol&#243;gica. &#201; importante notar que h&#225; evid&#234;ncias de profilaxia da nefropatia por contraste com trimetazidina em humanos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref></p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Naringina e Trimetazidina Melhoram a Sensibilidade Barorreflexa e a Atividade El&#233;trica do Trato Solit&#225;rio do N&#250;cleo na Les&#227;o de Isquemia-Reperfus&#227;o Renal</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Naringin, Trimetazidine and Baroreflex in Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1435-7994</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Martin</surname>
            <given-names>Luis Cuadrado</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Botucatu</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP - Brazil.</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Luis Cuadrado Martin</bold> &#8226; UNESP - Cl&#237;nica M&#233;dica - Prof. Montenegro, s/n. Postal Code <postal-code>18600-000</postal-code>, Botucatu, SP &#8211; Brazil, E-mail: <email>l.martin@unesp.br</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Flavanones</kwd>
        <kwd>Flavonoids</kwd>
        <kwd>Trimetazidine</kwd>
        <kwd>Vasodilatador Agents</kwd>
        <kwd>Hypertension</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Failure</kwd>
        <kwd>Renal Reperfusion</kwd>
        <kwd>Oxidative Stress</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>The paper &#8220;Naringin and trimetazidine improve baroreflex sensitivity and electrical activity of solitary tract nucleus in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury,&#8221; published in this journal,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> found improvement in baroreflex sensitivity in an acute ischemia/reperfusion kidney injury model in rats treated by naringin and/or trimetazidine.</p>
      <p>Trimetazidine and naringin are substances capable of reducing oxidative stress, documented in many situations. Trimetazidine is a drug with anti-ischemic properties, which acts directly on mitochondria and is able to decrease oxidative stress. Naringin is a polyphenol with antioxidant properties present in several citrus fruits.</p>
      <p>Oxidative stress is involved in multiple pathophysiological processes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref> On the other hand, disorder of the baroceptor reflex is involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref> and heart failure.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref> Moreover, this disorder plays a role in chronic kidney disease<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> and in acute kidney injury.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref> The solitary tract nucleus plays a fundamental role in the baroceptor reflex integration and its action is influenced by oxidative stress.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref></p>
      <p>Attenuation of the baroreflex in acute kidney injury can make it difficult to respond to hemodynamic instability during an episode of acute kidney injury.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref> Acute kidney injury also shows an increase in oxidative stress.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref> Free radicals and reactive oxygen species are produced in abundance in kidney damage due to ischemia/reperfusion and flood the circulatory system causing undesirable effects on various organs, including the solitary tract, which, as we have seen, is an important integrator of the baroreflex activity.</p>
      <p>In other models, except acute kidney injury, oxidative stress is correlated with dysfunction of the baroceptors and antioxidants improved their function. Nevertheless, in acute kidney injury, whether this increase in oxidative stress has a cause-and-effect relationship with baroreflex attenuation is controversial. Thus, if, in models of acute kidney injury, by blocking oxidative stress, we could restore the baroreflex, it would be evident that oxidative stress plays this postulated role.</p>
      <p>The variation in heart rate to mean arterial pressure ratio compared to the challenge with phenylephrine was the baroreflex index performed in the study of Amini et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> Using a stereotactic technique, before inducing acute kidney injury, an electrode was implanted in the solitary tract nucleus of the rats with nucleus activity.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> Thus, in addition to improvement of the baroreflex, there was a reversal of solitary tract nucleus activity attenuation that had been documented concurrently with the reperfusion injury.</p>
      <p>These results have pathophysiological implications, insofar as they demonstrate the participation of oxidative stress in the dysfunction of the solitary tract nucleus and consequently of the baroreflex in acute kidney injury, as well as therapeutic implications, since it encourages work with these drugs in order to mitigate the complications of acute kidney injury in humans,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref> a clinical situation that denotes an ominous prognosis.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref> Therefore, this line of research may help understand the treatment in humans with this nosological entity. It is of note that there is evidence of prophylaxis of contrast nephropathy using trimetazidine in humans.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref></p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Naringin and Trimetazidine Improve Baroreflex Sensitivity and Nucleus Tractus Solitarius Electrical Activity in Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
