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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">QZFbkTgfVQDrfMnj9xTkbJz</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2021001000281</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20190417</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20190417</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigo Original</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Associa&#231;&#227;o entre Escores de Risco Cl&#237;nico (HEART, GRACE e TIMI) e Complexidade Angiogr&#225;fica na S&#237;ndrome Coron&#225;ria Aguda sem Eleva&#231;&#227;o do Segmento ST</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0528-735X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Cedro</surname>
            <given-names>Alexandre Vianna</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mota</surname>
            <given-names>Diandro Marinho</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4823-9673</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ohe</surname>
            <given-names>Louis Nakayama</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Timerman</surname>
            <given-names>Ari</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6286-3109</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Costa</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; Ribamar</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0852-8235</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Castro</surname>
            <given-names>Laura de Siqueira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Escola Paulista de Medicina</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo Escola Paulista de Medicina, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Alexandre Vianna Cedro &#8226;</bold> Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia &#8211; Av. Dr. Dante Pazzanese, s/n. CEP <postal-code>04012-909</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil. E-mail: <email>alexandrecedro@hotmail.com</email>, <email>alexandre.cedro@einstein.br</email></corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa e Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Cedro AV, Mota DM, Ohe LN; An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Cedro AV, Mota DM, Castro LS; An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica: Cedro AV, Castro LS; Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Cedro AV; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Mota DM, Ohe LN, Timerman A, Costa JR, Castro LS.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesse</bold>
          </p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; conflito com o presente artigo</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>06</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>117</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>281</fpage>
      <lpage>287</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>24</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2019</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>27</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>05</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamentos:</title>
          <p>Os escores GRACE, TIMI e HEART foram validados para avaliar desfechos cl&#237;nicos desfavor&#225;veis no contexto da suspeita de s&#237;ndrome coron&#225;ria aguda sem eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST (SCASSST). No entanto, a associa&#231;&#227;o entre os escores cl&#237;nicos e a complexidade angiogr&#225;fica ainda n&#227;o est&#225; bem estabelecida.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivos:</title>
          <p>Descrever as caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas de pacientes com SCASSST admitidos em interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar para estratifica&#231;&#227;o invasiva, a fim de avaliar a associa&#231;&#227;o entre os escores cl&#237;nicos (TIMI, GRACE e HEART) e a complexidade angiogr&#225;fica, atrav&#233;s do escore SYNTAX.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>Estudo observacional incluindo pacientes com diagn&#243;stico de SCA e admitidos no Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia entre os meses de julho de 2018 e fevereiro de 2019. A associa&#231;&#227;o entre os escores foi avaliada por correla&#231;&#245;es bivariadas e a sua acur&#225;cia pela &#225;rea sob a curva (ASC) ROC. A signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica foi estabelecida em 5% (p &lt; 0,05).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>Um total de 138 pacientes foram diagnosticados com SCASSST. As medianas do GRACE, TIMI e HEART foram de 97, 3 e 5, respectivamente. A mediana do SYNTAX foi de 8. Foram observadas correla&#231;&#245;es positivas do SYNTAX com o HEART (&#961; = 0,29; p &lt; 0,01) e o GRACE (&#961; = 0,18; p &lt; 0,03). Em contrapartida, a correla&#231;&#227;o com o TIMI n&#227;o atingiu signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica (&#961; = 0,15; p = 0,08). O HEART foi o escore com a maior ASC para predizer SYNTAX &gt; 32 [HEART = 0,81] (IC 95% 0,7-0,91). HEART &gt; 4 apresentou sensibilidade de 100%, com especificidade de 50%, e GRACE &gt; 139 sensibilidade de 55% e especificidade de 97% para SYNTAX alto.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o:</title>
          <p>Os escores cl&#237;nicos de risco apresentam associa&#231;&#227;o modesta ao escore SYNTAX. O uso combinado do HEART e do GRACE, entretanto, oferece acur&#225;cia favor&#225;vel para a detec&#231;&#227;o de complexidade angiogr&#225;fica.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavra-chave:</title>
        <kwd>S&#237;ndrome Coron&#225;ria Aguda</kwd>
        <kwd>Escore de Disfun&#231;&#227;o Org&#226;nica</kwd>
        <kwd>Hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Trombose</kwd>
        <kwd>Infarto do Mioc&#225;rdio</kwd>
        <kwd>Angiografia/Complica&#231;&#245;es</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="4"/>
        <table-count count="4"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="16"/>
        <page-count count="7"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>A s&#237;ndrome coron&#225;ria aguda sem eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST (SCASSST) apresenta amplo espectro de gravidade, que varia de acordo com as caracter&#237;sticas eletrocardiogr&#225;ficas, cl&#237;nicas e laboratoriais. Dessa forma, a estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco &#233; fundamental em todo paciente com SCASSST e tem implica&#231;&#227;o direta na conduta inicial. Est&#225; demonstrado que a utiliza&#231;&#227;o de modelos multivariados representa a forma mais acurada na predi&#231;&#227;o de risco, e &#233; superior &#224; impress&#227;o cl&#237;nica individual.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref></p>
      <p>Os escores Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI), Global Registry for Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) e Heart Score (HEART) s&#227;o os mais utilizados no cen&#225;rio de dor tor&#225;cica na sala de emerg&#234;ncia e foram validados para predizer desfechos cl&#237;nicos indesejados. Entretanto, essas pontua&#231;&#245;es n&#227;o se destinam a estimar a extens&#227;o da doen&#231;a arterial coronariana.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref></p>
      <p>Assim como a an&#225;lise dos escores cl&#237;nicos, a avalia&#231;&#227;o da complexidade anat&#244;mica atrav&#233;s do escore SYNTAX &#233; fundamental na defini&#231;&#227;o da estrat&#233;gia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica e apresenta implica&#231;&#227;o progn&#243;stica not&#243;ria.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref></p>
      <p>O estudo SYNTAX, que deu origem ao escore, comparou desfechos cl&#237;nicos tardios em pacientes multiarteriais tratados com angioplastia (ICP) ou cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica (RM). Observou-se resultado favor&#225;vel &#224; RM nos pacientes com doen&#231;a coronariana mais extensa (SYNTAX &#8805; 33).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> Desse modo, a determina&#231;&#227;o do SYNTAX pode interferir tamb&#233;m na abordagem cl&#237;nica, ao auxiliar na decis&#227;o da terapia de dupla antiagrega&#231;&#227;o plaquet&#225;ria quando a anatomia for favor&#225;vel &#224; abordagem cir&#250;rgica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref></p>
      <p>Apesar da import&#226;ncia em identificar fatores progn&#243;sticos da extens&#227;o da doen&#231;a coronariana, poucos estudos avaliaram a correla&#231;&#227;o entre os escores cl&#237;nicos e a complexidade anat&#244;mica. Resultados controversos est&#227;o sendo vistos nessa rela&#231;&#227;o quando utilizados os escores TIMI e GRACE, e n&#227;o existem dados na literatura m&#233;dica que associem a pontua&#231;&#227;o do HEART &#224; extens&#227;o da doen&#231;a arterial coronariana.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref></p>
      <p>O presente estudo tem, portanto, o objetivo de avaliar a associa&#231;&#227;o entre os escores de risco TIMI, GRACE e HEART<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref> e a complexidade da doen&#231;a coronariana avaliada pelo escore SYNTAX em pacientes com SCASSST submetidos &#224; coronariografia.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>M&#233;todos</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Sele&#231;&#227;o da popula&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>Trata-se de um estudo observacional e longitudinal realizado no Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia (S&#227;o Paulo, Brasil) entre os meses de julho de 2018 e fevereiro de 2019, aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica em pesquisa da institui&#231;&#227;o. Todos os pacientes assinaram o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido no momento da interna&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        <p>Foram inclu&#237;dos todos os pacientes com mais de 18 anos que apresentavam diagn&#243;stico de SCASSST no setor de emerg&#234;ncia e que foram submetidos &#224; coronariografia durante a interna&#231;&#227;o no per&#237;odo da coleta de dados. Pacientes com RM, infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio (IAM) com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (IAMCSST) ou com bloqueio de ramo esquerdo supostamente novo foram exclu&#237;dos.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Escores cl&#237;nicos</title>
        <p>Todos os pacientes foram avaliados e estratificados com escores HEART, TIMI e GRACE no momento da interna&#231;&#227;o. Para calcular os respectivos escores, foram utilizados dados cl&#237;nicos, o eletrocardiograma da admiss&#227;o, a primeira dosagem de creatinina e o maior valor da troponina das primeiras 12 horas de atendimento. Foi definida como troponina elevada quando o valor de troponina T ultrassens&#237;vel &#233; igual ou maior que 0,01 ug/L, ou seja, maior do que o percentil 99 da popula&#231;&#227;o geral.</p>
        <p>No c&#225;lculo dos escores foram utilizados os crit&#233;rios previamente definidos nos respectivos trabalhos de valida&#231;&#227;o. A an&#225;lise do TIMI foi realizada atrav&#233;s das sete vari&#225;veis dicot&#244;micas habituais. A presen&#231;a de cada vari&#225;vel acrescentou um ponto ao escore total, que varia de zero a sete. O escore TIMI considerado elevado foi aquele com pontua&#231;&#227;o de cinco a sete.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref></p>
        <p>O escore GRACE foi calculado pela an&#225;lise de suas oito vari&#225;veis e revisado atrav&#233;s de sua calculadora de pontua&#231;&#227;o oficial (<italic>http://www.grace.org</italic>). O escore final foi considerado elevado quando maior que 139, conforme recomendado pelas principais diretrizes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref></p>
        <p>O escore HEART foi pontuado de 0 a 10 de acordo com suas cinco vari&#225;veis convencionadas (hist&#243;ria, ECG, idade, fatores de risco e valor de troponina). Ap&#243;s o c&#225;lculo, foram classificados como alto risco aqueles pacientes com pontua&#231;&#227;o entre 7 e 10.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref></p>
        <p>Ap&#243;s a realiza&#231;&#227;o da estratifica&#231;&#227;o invasiva, todos os cateterismos foram analisados pelo mesmo cardiologista intervencionista, com aux&#237;lio da ferramenta de An&#225;lise Coronariana Quantitativa (QCA), sem acesso aos dados cl&#237;nicos e sem envolvimento com a assist&#234;ncia aos pacientes. O escore SYNTAX foi calculado e revisado pelo uso de calculadora de pontua&#231;&#227;o oficial (http://www.syntaxscore.com), por meio de instru&#231;&#245;es e programas dispon&#237;veis na p&#225;gina.</p>
        <p>Foram avaliadas art&#233;rias com di&#226;metro igual ou maior que 1,5 mm e estenose igual ou maior que 50%. A pontua&#231;&#227;o foi realizada para cada paciente de acordo com os seguintes par&#226;metros: domin&#226;ncia, n&#250;mero de les&#245;es, presen&#231;a de oclus&#227;o cr&#244;nica, trifurca&#231;&#227;o, bifurca&#231;&#227;o, les&#227;o ostial, tortuosidade grave, calcifica&#231;&#227;o, trombo e comprimento da les&#227;o maior que 20 mm. A bifurca&#231;&#227;o foi definida quando o estreitamento de 50% da luz ocorre a 3 mm da carina, em art&#233;ria com ramos de pelo menos 1,5 mm. A calcifica&#231;&#227;o coronariana grave foi determinada quando a les&#227;o radiopaca foi observada antes mesmo da inje&#231;&#227;o do contraste. Ap&#243;s o c&#225;lculo do escore, cada paciente foi classificado como SYNTAX baixo (igual ou menor a 22), moderado (23-32) ou alto (igual ou maior que 33).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref></p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
        <p>Os dados est&#227;o apresentados como frequ&#234;ncia absoluta e com valor percentual para as vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas e como m&#233;dia &#177; desvio-padr&#227;o (DP) ou mediana com intervalo interquartil para as vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas, conforme crit&#233;rios de normalidade e distribui&#231;&#227;o. Para comparar as propor&#231;&#245;es entre os grupos, foram utilizadas tabelas cruzadas com o teste do Qui-quadrado, para se comparar vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas entre os grupos definidos pelo SYNTAX escore utilizou-se de Modelos Lineares Generalizados.</p>
        <p>A normalidade da distribui&#231;&#227;o das vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas foi avaliada pelo teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov e a homogeneidade da distribui&#231;&#227;o entre os grupos pelo Teste de Levene. Como foi observado na distribui&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o normal para todos os escores cl&#237;nicos, estes est&#227;o descritos atrav&#233;s de mediana e do intervalo interquartil. A compara&#231;&#227;o de suas distribui&#231;&#245;es entre os grupos foi confirmada pelo Teste de Mann-Whitney, n&#227;o param&#233;trico.</p>
        <p>N&#227;o houve o c&#225;lculo do tamanho amostral, sendo inclu&#237;dos no estudo todos os pacientes que atenderam aos crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o e que concordaram em participar. A associa&#231;&#227;o entre o escore SYNTAX e os demais escores de risco, TIMI, GRACE e HEART, foi avaliada a partir de correla&#231;&#245;es bivariadas e atrav&#233;s da ado&#231;&#227;o do coeficiente de Spearman para vari&#225;veis n&#227;o param&#233;tricas.</p>
        <p>Para que se investigasse a acur&#225;cia dos escores TIMI, GRACE e HEART em identificar pacientes com escore SYNTAX moderado e alto, foram utilizadas as curvas ROC. Duas vari&#225;veis bin&#225;rias foram criadas, classificando grupos de pacientes com SYNTAX baixo <italic>versus</italic> moderado-alto (&#8805; 23) e baixo-moderado versus alto (&gt; 32). Os c&#225;lculos de sensibilidade e especificidade foram realizados com base nos pontos de corte previamente descritos dos escores TIMI, GRACE e HEART. A signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica foi estabelecida em 5% (p &lt; 0,05). O <italic>software</italic> estat&#237;stico utilizado na an&#225;lise dos dados foi o SPSS, vers&#227;o 25.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Resultados</title>
      <p>No per&#237;odo de julho de 2018 a fevereiro de 2019, foram internados 292 pacientes com SCA, dos quais 105 (35,9%) foram exclu&#237;dos por n&#227;o terem sido submetidos ao cateterismo card&#237;aco, 24 (8,2%) tinham o diagn&#243;stico de IAMCSST e 25 (8,6%) apresentavam hist&#243;rico de RM. Todos os pacientes eleg&#237;veis foram analisados de forma sequencial.</p>
      <p>A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref> apresenta a caracteriza&#231;&#227;o da amostra final. Dos 138 pacientes analisados, 68,1% eram do sexo masculino, a m&#233;dia de idade foi de 60&#177;13 anos, e 32,2% apresentaram IAMSST (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref>). As medianas (intervalo-interquartil) do GRACE, TIMI e HEART foram de 96,5 (76,5-115,7), 2,8 (2-4) e 5,0 (4-6), respectivamente. N&#227;o foi observada estenose coron&#225;ria significativa em 29,7% dos pacientes, enquanto 43,7% dos pacientes apresentaram doen&#231;a multiarterial. Os tr&#234;s escores cl&#237;nicos foram significativamente mais altos nos pacientes com SYNTAX moderado ou alto, quando comparados com o grupo de pacientes com SYNTAX baixo (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Tabela 2</xref>).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t1">
        <label>Tabela 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Caracter&#237;sticas da popula&#231;&#227;o estudada</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
          <colgroup width="12%">
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr>
              <th align="left" valign="middle"/>
              <th style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="middle">Total</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">SYNTAX &lt; 23</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">SYNTAX &#8805; 23</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="2">p</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">SYNTAX &#8804; 32</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">SYNTAX &gt; 32</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="2">p</th>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" valign="middle">N (%)</th>
              <th style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="middle">138 (100)</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">114 (82,6)</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">23 (16,7)</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">126 (91,3)</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">11 (8,0)</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Sexo masculino, n (%)</td>
              <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">94 (68,1)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">77 (73,9)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">17 (73,9)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">0,63</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">86 (68,3)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">8 (72,7)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">1,0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Idade, m&#233;dia &#177; dp</td>
              <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">60,2 &#177; 11,3</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">59,4 &#177; 10,7</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">65,0 &#177; 9,2</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">0,02</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">59,4 &#177; 10,9</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">67,4 &#177; 10,6</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">0,02</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">IMC, m&#233;dia &#177; dp</td>
              <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">27,9 &#177; 4,9</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">27,9 &#177; 5,1</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">27,9 &#177; 3,9</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">0,94</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">27,8 &#177; 4,9</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">28,9 &#177; 4,9</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">0,49</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Obesidade, n (%)</td>
              <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">39 (28,3)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">34 (30,6)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">5 (21,7)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">0,46</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">37 (30,1)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">2 (18,2)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">0,51</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Diabetes, n (%)</td>
              <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">50 (36,2)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">41 (36,0)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">9 (39,1)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">0,82</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">44 (34,9)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">6 (54,5)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">0,21</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Dislipidemia, n (%)</td>
              <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">72 (52,2)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">62 (54,4)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">10 (45,5)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">0,49</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">68 (54,4)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">4 (36,4)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">0,35</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Hipertens&#227;o, n (%)</td>
              <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">115 (83,3)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">94 (82,5)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">20 (87,0)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">0,76</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">105 (83,3)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">9 (81,8)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">1,0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Tabagismo, n (%)</td>
              <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">37 (26,8)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">33 (28,9)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">4 (17,4)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">0,31</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">35 (27,8)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">2 (18,2)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">0,73</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Sedentarismo, n (%)</td>
              <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">132 (95,7)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">109 (96,5)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">22 (95,7)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">1,0</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">120 (96,0)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">11 (100)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">1,0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Cr, mediana (IIQ)</td>
              <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">0,9 (0,7-1,0)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">0,9 (0,7-1,0)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">0,8 (0,7-1,1)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">0,89</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">0,9 (0,7-1,0)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">0,8 (0,7-1,1)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">0,97</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">
                <bold>Diagn&#243;stico, n (%)</bold>
              </td>
              <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Angina inst&#225;vel</td>
              <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">93 (67,3)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">80 (70,2)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">13 (56,5)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="2">0,23</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">89 (70,6)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">4 (36,6)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="2">0,04</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">IAMSSST</td>
              <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">45 (32,6)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">34 (29,8)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">10 (43,5)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">37 (29,4)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">7 (45,5)</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN1">
            <p>Estat&#237;stica: Teste de Qui-quadrado para a compara&#231;&#227;o de propor&#231;&#245;es e modelos lineares generalizados (GLM) para compara&#231;&#227;o das vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas. DP: desvio-padr&#227;o; IMC: &#237;ndice de massa corp&#243;rea; Cr: creatinina; IIQ: intervalo interquartil; IAMSSST: infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio sem supradesnivelamento do segmento ST. Define-se obesidade como IMC &gt; 30 kg/m<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref>.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <table-wrap id="t2">
        <label>Tabela 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Diagn&#243;stico e desfechos hospitalares</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
          <colgroup width="12%">
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr>
              <th align="left" valign="middle"/>
              <th style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="middle">Total</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">SYNTAX &lt; 23</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">SYNTAX &#8805; 23</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">p</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">SYNTAX &#8804; 32</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">SYNTAX &gt; 32</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">p</th>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" valign="middle">N (%)</th>
              <th style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="middle">138 (100)</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">114 (82,6)</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">23 (16,7)</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle"/>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">126 (91,3)</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">11 (8)</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle"/>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">
                <bold>Dias interna&#231;&#227;o</bold>
              </td>
              <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Mediana (IIQ)</td>
              <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">3 (2-6)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">3 (2-5)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">8 (3-20)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">&lt; 0,001</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">3 (2-5)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">14 (7-23)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">&lt; 0,001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">
                <bold>Via acesso, n (%)</bold>
              </td>
              <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Radial</td>
              <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">97 (70,3)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">82 (71,9)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">14 (60,9)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">0,32</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">90 (71,4)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">6 (54,5)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">0,30</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Femoral</td>
              <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">41 (29,7)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">32 (28,1)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">9 (39,1)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top">36 (28,6)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">5 (45,5)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">
                <bold>N de vasos, n (%)</bold>
              </td>
              <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Sem DAC</td>
              <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">41 (29,7)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">41 (36,0)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">0</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top">41 (32,5)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">0</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Uniarterial</td>
              <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">42 (30,4)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">42 (36,8)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">0</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">&lt; 0,001</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">42 (33,3)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">0</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">&lt; 0,001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Biarterial</td>
              <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">20 (14,6)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">18 (15,8)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">2 (8,7)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top">18 (14,3)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">2 (18,2)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Triarteraial</td>
              <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">34 (39,1)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">13 (11,4)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">21 (91,3)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top">25 (19,9)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">9 (81,8)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">
                <bold>TCE, n (%)</bold>
              </td>
              <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">13 (9,4)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">7 (6,1)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">6 (26,1)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">0,001</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">8 (6,3)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">5 (45,5)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">0,001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">
                <bold>GRACE</bold>
              </td>
              <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Mediana (IIQ)</td>
              <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">97 (77-115)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">93 (75-112)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">105 (92-140)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">0,020</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">94 (75-112)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">140 (103-175)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">&lt; 0,001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">&gt; 139, n (%)</td>
              <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">9 (6,5)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">2 (1,8)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">7 (31,8)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">&lt; 0,001</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">3 (2,4)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">6 (54,5)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">&lt; 0,001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">ASC</td>
              <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top">0,66 (0,53-0,79)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top" colspan="3">0,76 (0,53-0,79)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">
                <bold>TIMI</bold>
              </td>
              <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Mediana (IIQ)</td>
              <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">3 (2-4)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">3 (2-3)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">3 (2-5)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">0,024</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">3 (2-3)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">5 (3-6)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">0,004</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">&#8805; 5. n (%)</td>
              <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">16 (11,6)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">9 (7,9)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">7 (30,4)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">0,006</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">10 (54,4)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">6 (54,5)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">&lt; 0,001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">ASC</td>
              <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top" colspan="3">0,66 (0,53-0,79)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top" colspan="3">0,81 (0,64-0,97)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">
                <bold>HEART</bold>
              </td>
              <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Mediana (IIQ)</td>
              <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">5 (4-6)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">4 (4-6)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">6 (5-8)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">&lt; 0,001</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">5 (4-6)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">7 (5-8)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">0,001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">&#8805; 7 n (%)</td>
              <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">26 (18,8)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">18 (15,8)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">8 (34,8)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">0,044</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">20 (15,9)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">6 (54,5)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">0,006</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">ASC</td>
              <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top" colspan="3">0,72 (0,62-0,83)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top" colspan="3">0,81 (0,70-0,92)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">
                <bold>SYNTAX</bold>
              </td>
              <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Mediana (IIQ)</td>
              <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">8 (0-17)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">6 (0-12)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">32 (26-34)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">&lt; 0,001</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">7 (0-14)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">34 (33-35)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">0,001</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN2">
            <p>Estat&#237;stica: Teste de Qui-quadrado para a compara&#231;&#227;o de propor&#231;&#245;es e modelos lineares generalizados (GLM) para a compara&#231;&#227;o das vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas. IIQ: intervalo interquartil; ASC: &#225;rea sob a curva ROC; DAC: doen&#231;a arterial coron&#225;ria; TCE: tronco de coron&#225;ria esquerda.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>A <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1</xref> &#233; um gr&#225;fico de dispers&#227;o que apresenta a correla&#231;&#227;o entre os tr&#234;s escores cl&#237;nicos e o SYNTAX. Foi observada correla&#231;&#227;o modesta em rela&#231;&#227;o ao HEART (&#961; = 0,29; p &lt; 0,01) e ao GRACE (&#961; = 0,18; p &lt; 0,01), entretanto a correla&#231;&#227;o ao TIMI n&#227;o atingiu signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica (&#961; = 0,15; p = 0,08).</p>
      <fig id="f1">
        <label>Figura 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Gr&#225;ficos de dispers&#227;o entre os valores num&#233;ricos dos escores do STYNTAX vs. TIMI, GRACE e HEART. Observa&#231;&#227;o: (&#961;) &#8211; Coeficiente rho de Spearman.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-117-02-0281-90417-gf01.tif"/></fig>
      <p>Na avalia&#231;&#227;o da curva ROC, ficou evidenciada acur&#225;cia similar entre os escores cl&#237;nicos em predizer SYNTAX alto (&gt; 32). A &#225;rea sob a curva (ASC) ROC na associa&#231;&#227;o ao HEART foi de 0,81 (IC 95% 0,7-0,91, p &lt; 0,01), no TIMI de 0,79 (IC 95% 0,64-0,97), e no GRACE de 0,76 (IC 95% 0,53-0,79). (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 2</xref>).</p>
      <fig id="f2">
        <label>Figura 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Curvas ROC para detec&#231;&#227;o de SYNTAX moderado ou elevado, de acordo com os escores de TIMI, GRACE e HEART.<break/> A &#8211; GRACE com ASC de 0,66 (IC 95% 0,53-0,79, p &lt; 0,01); TIMI 0,66 (IC 95% 0,53-0,79); HEART 0,72 (IC 95% 0,62-0,83), p &lt; 0,01.<break/>B &#8211; GRACE com ASC de 0,76 (IC 95% 0,53-0,79); TIMI 0,79 (IC 95% 0,64-0,97); HEART 0,81 (IC 95% 0,70-0,91), p &lt; 0,01.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-117-02-0281-90417-gf02.tif"/></fig>
      <p>O escore HEART maior que 5 apresentou sensibilidade de 64% e especificidade de 70% para avaliar SYNTAX alto (&gt; 32). Quando maior que 4, apresentou sensibilidade de 100%, com especificidade de 50%.</p>
      <p>O escore GRACE maior que 102 conferiu sensibilidade de 82% e especificidade de 65%. No ponto de corte original maior que 139 d&#225; sensibilidade de 55%, mas apresenta especificidade de 97%. Dessa forma, com a utiliza&#231;&#227;o de escores GRACE e HEART de forma combinada, foi poss&#237;vel avaliar mais acuradamente para a predi&#231;&#227;o de complexidade anat&#244;mica.</p>
      <p>Durante a interna&#231;&#227;o, observou-se um caso de &#243;bito (0,72%) e outro de reinfarto (0,72%), sendo que os pacientes tinham SYNTAX de 33 e 19, respectivamente, e apresentavam os seguintes escores GRACE, TIMI e HEART: 69, 5 e 5 para primeiro; e 126, 1 e 5 para o segundo.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <p>O presente estudo avaliou os tr&#234;s escores cl&#237;nicos mais relevantes e utilizados no contexto de SCASSST. Os escores GRACE e TIMI j&#225; foram extensamente estudados e validados em diversas popula&#231;&#245;es por serem capazes de predizerem eventos cl&#237;nicos desfavor&#225;veis e ambos s&#227;o recomendados pelas principais diretrizes internacionais.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref></p>
      <p>O escore HEART vem sendo cada vez mais utilizado no contexto de dor tor&#225;cica aguda na sala de emerg&#234;ncia, devido ao alto valor preditivo negativo e a sua capacidade de evitar interna&#231;&#245;es desnecess&#225;rias. Entretanto, valores elevados no escore HEART tamb&#233;m possuem reconhecida capacidade de predizer eventos desfavor&#225;veis, o que torna plaus&#237;vel avaliar a sua associa&#231;&#227;o &#224; complexidade anat&#244;mica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref></p>
      <p>O reconhecimento da extens&#227;o da doen&#231;a arterial coron&#225;ria, atrav&#233;s da identifica&#231;&#227;o de fatores progn&#243;sticos cl&#237;nicos, possui relev&#226;ncia not&#243;ria na defini&#231;&#227;o da melhor estrat&#233;gia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o e da terapia medicamentosa ideal. Dessa forma, foi utilizado o escore SYNTAX como forma de quantificar a extens&#227;o da doen&#231;a coronariana.</p>
      <p>Alguns estudos j&#225; avaliaram a associa&#231;&#227;o do TIMI e do GRACE ao n&#250;mero de art&#233;rias acometidas. Mahmood et al. demonstraram que valores de TIMI maiores que 4 ou de GRACE maiores que 133 est&#227;o associados a maior probabilidade de doen&#231;a multiarterial ou de estenose significativa em tronco de coron&#225;ria esquerda (p &lt; 0,05). Bakler et al. avaliaram a associa&#231;&#227;o desses mesmos escores cl&#237;nicos &#224; complexidade anat&#244;mica atrav&#233;s do SYNTAX, como no presente estudo, mas n&#227;o incluindo o HEART. Assim como o presente estudo, foi evidenciada a associa&#231;&#227;o linear positiva entre SYNTAX e GRACE, com um coeficiente de rela&#231;&#227;o de r = 0,43 (p &lt; 0,01) e ASC de 0,65 (IC 95% 0,56-0,74; p &lt; 0,001). De forma semelhante, tamb&#233;m n&#227;o foi observada associa&#231;&#227;o ao TIMI (r = 0,121, p = 0,121). Conv&#233;m ressaltar que foram inclu&#237;dos na amostra pacientes com IAMCSST (46% da amostra), contexto em que n&#227;o &#233; habitual a utiliza&#231;&#227;o do escore GRACE e n&#227;o h&#225; valida&#231;&#227;o para o c&#225;lculo do SYNTAX.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref></p>
      <p>Hammami et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref> avaliaram de forma retrospectiva o GRACE e o TIMI de 238 pacientes e observaram que ambos os escores apresentaram correla&#231;&#227;o positiva com SYNTAX. A associa&#231;&#227;o ao GRACE apresentou rela&#231;&#227;o de Pearson de r = 0,23 (p &lt; 0,001) e com o TIMI de r = 0,2 (p = 0,002). Esses valores tamb&#233;m foram compar&#225;veis aos observados no presente estudo. Conv&#233;m ressaltar que o estudo de Hammami et al. considerou, ao calcular o SYNTAX, les&#245;es em mais de 70% dos casos. Apesar de plaus&#237;vel, tal forma de an&#225;lise n&#227;o apresenta valida&#231;&#227;o por calculadoras oficiais ou estudos que mostrem sua acur&#225;cia ou seu progn&#243;stico.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref> Em estudo recente, Silvano et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16"><sup>16</sup></xref> avaliaram 183 pacientes com diagn&#243;stico de IAMCSST (29,5%) e tamb&#233;m observaram correla&#231;&#227;o modesta entre os escores de GRACE e SYNTAX (r = 0,2, p = 0,005). Os escores de TIMI e HEART n&#227;o foram avaliados.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16"><sup>16</sup></xref></p>
      <p>Entre os estudos publicados que avaliam a associa&#231;&#227;o entre os escores de risco e complexidade anat&#244;mica, observou-se, portanto, alguma correla&#231;&#227;o linear entre GRACE e SYNTAX, com resultados controversos quando utilizado o TIMI, similar ao resultado observado no presente estudo.</p>
      <p>Esse &#233; o primeiro estudo a fazer an&#225;lise combinada dos escores GRACE e HEART para a associa&#231;&#227;o &#224; complexidade anat&#244;mica e que demonstrou aumento significativo da acur&#225;cia na predi&#231;&#227;o de complexidade angiogr&#225;fica quando os escores cl&#237;nicos s&#227;o utilizados simultaneamente.</p>
      <p>Conv&#233;m ressaltar que, no presente estudo, quando o escore HEART foi maior que 4, a sensibilidade foi de 100%, com especificidade de 50%; e quando GRACE maior que 139, a sensibilidade foi de 55%, com especificidade de 97% para SYNTAX alto. Esse estudo gera, portanto, a hip&#243;tese de que, em cen&#225;rios espec&#237;ficos de SCASSST com escores de risco cl&#237;nico elevados (GRACE &gt; 139 e HEART &gt; 4), a equipe e o paciente possam se preparar para uma poss&#237;vel abordagem cir&#250;rgica, pela maior probabilidade de SYNTAX elevado.</p>
      <p>No que diz respeito &#224;s limita&#231;&#245;es, conv&#233;m mencionar o n&#250;mero pequeno de pacientes, em estudo realizado em centro &#250;nico, bem como a aus&#234;ncia de um segundo avaliador para revis&#227;o do SYNTAX e demais escores. Devido ao baixo n&#250;mero de ocorr&#234;ncia e curto per&#237;odo de seguimento, n&#227;o houve poder estat&#237;stico suficiente para que se investigasse a rela&#231;&#227;o entre os escores cl&#237;nicos e os desfechos como a mortalidade e o reinfarto.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
      <p>Os escores cl&#237;nicos de risco apresentam associa&#231;&#227;o modesta ao escore SYNTAX. O uso combinado do HEART e do GRACE, entretanto, oferece acur&#225;cia favor&#225;vel para a detec&#231;&#227;o de complexidade angiogr&#225;fica.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by" id="fn1">
        <p>
          <bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>
        </p>
        <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
        <p>
          <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
        </p>
        <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Association between Clinical Risk Score (Heart, Grace and TIMI) and Angiographic Complexity in Acute Coronary Syndrome without ST Segment Elevation</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0528-735X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Cedro</surname>
            <given-names>Alexandre Vianna</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mota</surname>
            <given-names>Diandro Marinho</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4823-9673</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ohe</surname>
            <given-names>Louis Nakayama</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Timerman</surname>
            <given-names>Ari</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6286-3109</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Costa</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; Ribamar</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0852-8235</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Castro</surname>
            <given-names>Laura de Siqueira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo Escola Paulista de Medicina, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Alexandre Vianna Cedro &#8226;</bold> Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia &#8211; Av. Dr. Dante Pazzanese, s/n. Postal Code <postal-code>04012-909</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil. E-mail: <email>alexandrecedro@hotmail.com</email>, <email>alexandre.cedro@einstein.br</email></corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author Contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research and Acquisition of data: Cedro AV, Mota DM, Ohe LN; Analysis and interpretation of the data: Cedro AV, Mota DM, Castro LS; Statistical analysis: Cedro AV, Castro LS; Writing of the manuscript: Cedro AV; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual contente: Mota DM, Ohe LN, Timerman A, Costa JR, Castro LS.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background:</title>
          <p>GRACE, TIMI and HEART scores have been previously validated to predict serious untoward events among patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (Non-ST ACS). However, the ability of these scores to discriminate the angiographic complexity of coronary artery disease has not been clearly established.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objectives:</title>
          <p>We sought to evaluate the correlation between clinical scores (TIMI, GRACE and HEART) and the anatomical complexity assessed by SYNTAX score, among non-ST ACS patients undergoing cinecoronariography.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p>Transversal cohort encompassing patients with diagnosis of Non-ST ACS referred to invasive stratification in our single center, between July 2018 and February 2019. Association between the scores was established by the Pearson's linear correlation test while the accuracy of the clinical scores versus SYNTAX score was determined with the ROC curve.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>A total of 138 patients were enrolled. Median GRACE, TIMI and HEART scores were 97, 3 and 5, respectively, whereas the median SYNTAX was 8. There was a positive correlation between the SYNTAX and the HEART (&#961; =0.29; p&lt;0.01) and GRACE (&#961; =0.18; p&lt;0.01) scores, but the correlation with TIMI reached no statistical significance (&#961; =0.15; p=0.08). The HEART score was also the one with the highest area under the curve to predict a SYNTAX &#8805;32 [HEART = 0.81 (IC95% 0.7-0.91). HEART&gt; 4 presented 100% sensitivity, with 50% specificity; and GRACE&gt; 139 showed 55% sensitivity and 97% specificity for high SYNTAX.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion:</title>
          <p>The clinical scores presented a positive, although modest, association with the SYNTAX score. The combined use of HEART and GRACE offers good accuracy for detecting angiographic complexity.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Acute Coronary Syndrome</kwd>
        <kwd>Organ Dysfunction Scores</kwd>
        <kwd>Hospitalization</kwd>
        <kwd>Thrombosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial Infarction</kwd>
        <kwd>Angiography/complications</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>Non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (Non-ST ACS) has a broad spectrum of severity, which varies according to electrocardiographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics. Thus, risk stratification is fundamental in every patient with Non-ST ACS and directly influences initial management. It has been shown that using multivariate models is the most accurate way to predict risk, being superior to clinical impression alone.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref></p>
        <p>The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI), Global Registry for Acute Coronary Events (GRACE), and Heart Score (HEART) are the most commonly used scores in patients with chest pain in the emergency room and have been validated to predict undesirable clinical outcomes. However, these scores are not intended to estimate the extent of coronary artery disease.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref></p>
        <p>The evaluation of anatomical complexity using the SYNTAX score is as fundamental in the definition of revascularization strategy as the analysis of clinical scores, with important prognostic implications.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref></p>
        <p>The SYNTAX study, which gave rise to the score, compared late clinical outcomes in patients requiring multiple grafts treated with angioplasty (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The authors found that CABG had a more favorable outcome than PCI in patients with more extensive coronary artery diseases (SYNTAX &#8805; 33).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> Thus, the determination of the SYNTAX score may also conflict with the clinical approach, supporting the decision to use dual antiplatelet therapy when the anatomy is favorable for the surgical approach.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref></p>
        <p>Despite the importance of identifying prognostic factors dependent on the extent of coronary disease, few studies have investigated the correlation between clinical scores and anatomical complexity. Controversial results have been reported when the TIMI and GRACE scores have been used to analyze this relationship, and no study has associated the HEART score with the complexity of coronary artery disease.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref></p>
        <p>Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the association between TIMI, GRACE, and HEART<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref> scores and the complexity of coronary artery disease revealed by coronary angiography in patients with Non-ST ACS.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>Methods</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Population selection</title>
          <p>This is an observational and longitudinal study conducted at the Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology (S&#227;o Paulo-SP, Brazil) between July 2018 and February 2019 and approved by the research ethics committee of the institution. All patients signed an informed consent form at the time of hospitalization.</p>
          <p>We included patients over 18 years old admitted with a diagnosis of non-ST ACS in the emergency department and who underwent coronary angiography during hospitalization. Patients with CABG, ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI), or presumed new left bundle-branch block were excluded.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Clinical scores</title>
          <p>All patients were evaluated and stratified by the HEART, TIMI, and GRACE scores at the time of hospitalization. Clinical data, admission electrocardiogram, the first creatinine dose, and the highest troponin value in the first 12 hours of care were used to calculate the scores. Patients were considered as having a high troponin level when their ultrasensitive troponin T value was &#8805;0.01 &#181;g/L, that is, higher than the 99th percentile of the general population.</p>
          <p>Criteria previously defined in validation studies were used to calculate the scores. TIMI score was calculated through the seven usual dichotomous variables. The presence of each variable added one point to the total score, which ranged from zero to seven. A TIMI score ranging from 5 to 7 was considered high.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref></p>
          <p>The GRACE score was calculated using eight variables and was revised using the score calculator (http://www.grace.org). A final score higher than 139 was considered high, as recommended in the main guidelines.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref></p>
          <p>The HEART score ranged from 0 to 10 according to its five usual variables (history, ECG, age, risk factors, and troponin value). After the calculation, patients with scores between 7 and 10 were classified as high risk.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref></p>
          <p>After conducting invasive risk stratification, all catheterizations were analyzed by an experienced interventional cardiologist. All analysis was performed by a single blind investigator, using Quantitative Coronary Analysis (QCA). The SYNTAX score was calculated and revised using the official score calculator (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.syntaxscore.com">http://www.syntaxscore.com</ext-link>), checking the instructions and using the software available on the page.</p>
          <p>Arteries with diameter &#8805;1.5 mm and stenosis &#8805;50% were evaluated. The score was defined for each patient according to the following parameters: dominance; number of lesions; presence of chronic occlusion, trifurcation, bifurcation, ostial lesion, severe tortuosity, calcification, and thrombus; and lesion length &gt;20 mm. A narrowing of 50% of the lumen occurring 3 mm from the carina in an artery with branches of at least 1.5 mm indicated bifurcation. A radiopaque lesion observed even before the contrast injection indicated severe coronary calcification. After calculating the score, each patient was classified as having low- (&#8804; 22), moderate- (23-32) or high (&#8805; 33) SYNTAX score.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref></p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Statistical analysis</title>
          <p>Data are represented as absolute frequency with percentage for categorical variables and as mean &#177; standard deviation (SD) or median with interquartile interval for continuous variables for continuous variables, according to normality and distribution criteria. Cross tables and the chi-squared test were used to compare proportions between groups, and analysis of variance was used to compare means. To compare the distribution of continuous variables we used General Linear Models</p>
          <p>The normality of distribution of continuous variables was assessed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the homogeneity of distribution between groups by the Levene test. The results of the comparison between groups were confirmed by the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test.</p>
          <p>Sample size was not calculated, with the number of patients being determined by simple scrutiny. The association between the SYNTAX score and other risk scores&#8212;TIMI, GRACE, and HEART&#8212;was evaluated using bivariate correlations adopting the Spearman coefficient for nonparametric variables.</p>
          <p>ROC curves were used to determine whether the TIMI, GRACE, and HEART scores could accurately identify patients with moderate- and high SYNTAX scores. Two binary variables were created, stratifying patients by low versus moderate-high SYNTAX score (&#8805;23) and low-moderate versus high SYNTAX score (&gt;32). Sensitivity and specificity were calculated based on the previously described cutoff points of the TIMI, GRACE, and HEART scores. P values &lt; 0.05 indicated statistical significance. The SPSS version 25 statistical software was used for data analysis.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Results</title>
        <p>From July 2018 to February 2019, 292 patients admitted with ACS and eligible for inclusion in the study were admitted. Of these, 105 (35.9%) individuals who did not undergo cardiac catheterization at that time, 24 (8.2%) who were diagnosed with STEMI, and 25 (8.6%) who had a history of CABG were excluded.</p>
        <p><xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Table 1</xref> shows the characteristics of the final sample. Of the 138 patients analyzed, 68.1% were male with a mean age of 60 &#177; 13 years, and 32.2% had NSTEMI (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Table 1</xref>). The median of GRACE, TIMI, and HEART scores were 98.1 (76.5-115.7), 2.8 (2-4) e 5 (4-6), respectively. Significant coronary stenosis was not observed in 29.7% of patients, while 43.7% of patients required multiple grafts. All three clinical scores were higher in patients with moderate or high SYNTAX score than in those with low SYNTAX score (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Table 2</xref>).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t3">
          <label>Table 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Character&#237;stics of the Participants at Baseline</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <colgroup width="12%">
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <th align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Total</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Syntax &lt;23</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Syntax &#8805;23</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="2">p</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Syntax &#8804;32</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Syntax &gt;32</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="2">p</th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" valign="middle">N (%)</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">138 (100)</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">114 (82.6)</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">23 (16.7)</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">126 (91.3)</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">11 (8.0)</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Male, n (%)</td>
                <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">94 (68.1)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">77 (73.9)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">17 (73.9)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0.63</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">86 (68.3)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">8 (72.7)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">1.0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Age, mean &#177; SD</td>
                <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">60.2 &#177; 11.3</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">59.4&#177;10.7</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">65.0&#177;9.2</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0.02</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">59.4&#177;10.9</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">67.4&#177;10.6</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0.02</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">BMI, mean &#177; SD</td>
                <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">27.9 &#177; 4.9</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">27.9 &#177; 5.1</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">27.9 &#177; 3.9</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0.94</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">27.8 &#177; 4.9</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">28.9 &#177; 4.9</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0.49</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Obesity, n (%)</td>
                <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">39 (28.3)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">34 (30.6)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">5 (21.7)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0.46</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">37 (30.1)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">2 (18.2)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0.51</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">
                  <bold>Diabetes, n (%)</bold>
                </td>
                <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">50 (36.2)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">41 (36.0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">9 (39.1)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0.82</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">44 (34.9)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">6 (54.5)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0.21</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Dyslipidemia, n (%)</td>
                <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">72 (52.2)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">62 (54.4)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">10 (45.5)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0.49</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">68 (54.4)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">4 (36.4)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0.35</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Hypertension, n (%)</td>
                <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">115 (83.3)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">94 (82.5)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">20 (87.0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0.76</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">105 (83.3)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">9 (81.8)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">1.0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Smoking, n (%)</td>
                <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">37 (26.8)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">33 (28.9)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">4 (17.4)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0.31</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">35 (27.8)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">2 (18.2)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0.73</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Sedentarism, n (%)</td>
                <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">132 (95.7)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">109 (96.5)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">22 (95.7)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">1.00</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">120 (96.0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">11 (100)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">1.0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Cr, mediana (IIQ)</td>
                <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">0.9 (0.7-1.0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0.9(0.71-1.0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0.8 (0.7-1.1)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0.89</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0.9 (0.7-1.0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0.8 (0.7-1.1)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0.97</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Diagnosis, n(%)</td>
                <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Unstable angina</td>
                <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">93 (67.3)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">80 (70.2)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">13 (56.5)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="2">0.23</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">89 (70.6)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">4 (36.6)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="2">0.04</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">NSTEMI</td>
                <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">45(32.6)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">34 (29.8)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">10 (43.5)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">37 (29.4)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">7 (45.5)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN3">
              <p>Statistics: Chi-square test for comparison of proportions and Generalized Linear Models (GLM) for comparison of continuous variables. BMI: body mass index; Cr: creatinine; NSTEMI: non-ST-segment acute myocardial infarction. Obesity was defined as BMI&gt; 30 kg/m<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref></p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <table-wrap id="t4">
          <label>Table 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Diagnosis and hospital outcomes</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <colgroup width="12%">
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <th align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Total</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">SYNTAX &lt; 23</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">SYNTAX &#8805; 23</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">p</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">SYNTAX &#8804; 32</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">SYNTAX &gt; 32</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">p</th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" valign="middle">N (%)</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">138 (100)</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">114 (82.6)</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">23 (16.7)</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">126 (91.3)</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">11 (8)</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle"/>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">
                  <bold>Days of hosp. &#177; SD</bold>
                </td>
                <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Median (IIQ)</td>
                <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">3 (2-6)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">3 (2-5)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">8 (3-20)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">3 (2-5)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">14 (7-23)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">&lt; 0.001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">
                  <bold>Access, n (%)</bold>
                </td>
                <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Radial</td>
                <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">97 (70.3)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">82 (71.9)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">14 (60.9)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0.32</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">90 (71.4)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">6 (54.5)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0.30</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Femoral</td>
                <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">41 (29.7)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">32 (28.1)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">9 (39.1)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top">36 (28.6)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">5 (45.5)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">
                  <bold>Access, n (%)</bold>
                </td>
                <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Without CAD</td>
                <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">41 (29.7)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">41 (36.0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top">41 (32.5)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">One artery</td>
                <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">42 (30.4)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">42 (36.8)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">42 (33.3)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">&lt; 0.001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Two arteries</td>
                <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">20 (14.6)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">18 (15.8)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">2 (8.7)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top">18 (14.3)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">2 (18.2)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Three arteries</td>
                <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">34 (39.1)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">13 (11.4)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">21 (91.3)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top">25 (19.9)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">9 (81.8)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">
                  <bold>LMCA, n (%)</bold>
                </td>
                <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">13 (9.4)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">7 (6.1)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">6 (26.1)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0.001</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">8 (6.3)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">5 (45.5)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0.001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">
                  <bold>GRACE</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Median (IIQ)</td>
                <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">97 (77-115)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">93 (75-112)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">105 (92-140)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0.020</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">94 (75-112)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">140 (103-175)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">&lt; 0.001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">&gt;139, n(%)</td>
                <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">9 (6.5)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">2 (1.8)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">7 (31.8)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">3 (2.4)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">6 (54.5)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">&lt; 0.001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">ASC</td>
                <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top" colspan="3">0.66 (0.53-0.79)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top" colspan="3">0.76 (0.53-0.79)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">
                  <bold>TIMI</bold>
                </td>
                <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Median (IIQ)</td>
                <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">3 (2-4)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">3 (2-3)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">3 (2-5)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0.024</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">3 (2-3)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">5 (3-6)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0.004</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">&#8805;5. n(%)</td>
                <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">16 (11.6)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">9 (7.9)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">7 (30.4)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0.006</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">10 (54.4)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">6 (54.5)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">&lt; 0.001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">ASC</td>
                <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top" colspan="3">0.66 (0.53-0.79)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top" colspan="3">0.81 (0.64-0.97)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">
                  <bold>HEART</bold>
                </td>
                <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Median (IIQ)</td>
                <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">5 (4-6)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">4 (4-6)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">6 (5-8)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">5 (4-6)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">7 (5-8)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0.001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">&#8805;7 n (%)</td>
                <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">26 (18.8)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">18 (15.8)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">8 (34.8)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0.044</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">20 (15.9)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">6 (54.5)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0.006</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">ASC</td>
                <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top" colspan="3">0.72 (0.62-0.83)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top" colspan="3">0.81 (0.70-0.92)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">
                  <bold>SYNTAX</bold>
                </td>
                <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Median (IIQ)</td>
                <td style="border-right: thin solid; border-color: #000000" align="center" valign="top">8 (0-17)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">6 (0-12)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">32 (26-34)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">7 (0-14)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">34 (33-35)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0.001</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN4">
              <p>Statistics: Chi-square test for comparison of proportions and Generalized Linear Models (GLM) for comparison of continuous variables. ASC: Area Under the ROC Curve; LMCA: Left Main Coronary Artery.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figure 1</xref> illustrates the correlation between the three clinical scores and SYNTAX. A modest correlation was observed in relation to HEART (&#961; = 0.29; p &lt;0.01) and GRACE (&#961; = 0.18; p &lt;0.01), however the correlation with TIMI did not reach statistical significance (&#961; = 0.15; p = 0.08).</p>
        <fig id="f3">
          <label>Figure 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Scatter plots between the numerical values of the SYNTAX scores vs. TIMI, GRACE, and HEART scores. Note: (&#961;) Spearman's rho coefficient.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-117-02-0281-90417-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
        <p>When evaluating the ROC curve, we observed that raised levels of all clinical scores could accurately predict a high SYNTAX score (&gt;32). The association of SYNTAX score with HEART, TIMI, and GRACE scores resulted in an area under the receiver operating characteristic ROC curve (AUC) of 0.81 (95% CI 0.7-0.91, p &lt; 0.01), 0.79 (95% CI 0.64-0.97), and 0.76 (95% CI 0.53-0.79), respectively. (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figure 2</xref>)</p>
        <fig id="f4">
          <label>Figure 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>ROC curves for detecting moderate or high SYNTAX scores, according to TIMI, GRACE, and HEART scores. A &#8211; GRACE score with AUC of 0.66 (95% CI 0.53-0.79, p &lt; 0.01); TIMI score of 0.66 (95% CI 0.53-0.79); HEART score of 0.72 (95% CI 0.62-0.83), p &lt; 0.01. B &#8211; GRACE score with AUC of 0.76 (95% CI 0.53-0.79); TIMI score of 0.79 (95% CI 0.64-0.97); HEART score of 0.81 (95% CI 0.70-0.91), p &lt; 0.01.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-117-02-0281-90417-gf02-en.tif"/></fig>
        <p>HEART greater than 5 showed 64% sensitivity and 70% specificity to evaluate high SYNTAX (&gt;32). When greater than 4, it presented 100% sensitivity, with 50% specificity.</p>
        <p>GRACE greater than 102 gave 82% sensitivity and 65% specificity. At the original cutoff point&gt; 139 gives 55% sensitivity but 97% specificity. Thus, using both scores (GRACE and HEART), a more accurate assessment was possible to predict anatomical complexity.</p>
        <p>Due to the low number of endpoints and a short follow-up period, there was not enough statistical power to investigate the relationship between clinical scores and outcomes such as mortality and reinfarction. There was 1 case of death (0.72%) and 1 case of reinfarction (0.72%), with patients having SYNTAX of 33 and 19, respectively, and the GRACE, TIMI and HEART scores of 69, 5 and 5 in the first and 126, 1 and 5 in the second.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <p>The present study evaluated the three most relevant clinical scores used in the context of Non-ST ACS. The GRACE and TIMI scores have been extensively studied and validated in several populations due to their ability to predict unfavorable clinical events, being recommended by the main international guidelines.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref></p>
        <p>The HEART score has been increasingly used in patients with acute chest pain in the emergency room due to its high negative predictive value and ability to reduce unnecessary hospitalizations. However, high values of HEART score are known to predict unfavorable events so that it is worth investigating whether HEART score is associated with anatomical complexity.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref></p>
        <p>The determination of the extent of coronary artery disease, through the identification of clinical prognostic factors, plays an important role in the definition of the best revascularization strategy and ideal drug therapy. Thus, the SYNTAX score was used to quantify the extent of coronary disease.</p>
        <p>Some studies have already evaluated the association between TIMI and GRACE scores with the number of affected arteries. Mahmood et al. found that TIMI &gt; 4 or GRACE &gt; 133 are associated with a higher probability of the patient requiring multiple grafts or having significant stenosis in the left main coronary artery (p &lt; 0.05). Bakler et al. evaluated the association of clinical score with anatomical complexity using the SYNTAX score. A positive linear association between SYNTAX score and GRACE score was observed, with a ratio coefficient of r = 0.43 (p &lt; 0.01) and AUC of 0.65 (CI 95% 0.56-0.74; p &lt; 0.001). TIMI score was not associated with SYNTAX score (r = 0.121, p = 0.121), and HEART score was not evaluated. It should be noted that patients with STEMI (46% of the sample) were included, and these patients are not usually evaluated using the GRACE score.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref></p>
        <p>Hammami et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref> retrospectively evaluated the GRACE and TIMI scores of 238 patients and observed that both scores showed positive correlation with the SYNTAX score. A Pearson correlation coefficient of r = 0.23 (p &lt; 0.001) was found between SYNTAX score and GRACE score and a Pearson correlation coefficient of r = 0.2 (p = 0.002) was found between the SYNTAX score and the TIMI score. These values were similar to those observed in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figure 1</xref>, which showed a slightly higher correlation when comparing the GRACE (r = 0.26; p &lt; 0.01) and the TIMI (r = 0.24; p &lt; 0.01) scores. It should be noted that we only considered lesions &gt; 70% when calculating the SYNTAX score. Although plausible, this form of analysis is not validated by official calculators or studies that investigate the accuracy of the score or the prognosis of patients.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref> In a recent study, Silvano et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16"><sup>16</sup></xref> evaluated 183 patients, including patients with STEMI (29.5%), and observed a positive but low correlation between GRACE and SYNTAX scores (r = 0.2, p = 0.005). TIMI and HEART scores were not evaluated.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16"><sup>16</sup></xref></p>
        <p>Some of the studies evaluating the association between risk scores and anatomical complexity reported a linear correlation between GRACE and SYNTAX scores, with controversial results when TIMI score was used, similar to the result observed in the present study.</p>
        <p>This is the first study to do combined analysis of GRACE and HEART, demonstrating the significant increase in accuracy in predicting angiographic complexity when using both clinical scores simultaneously.</p>
        <p>In this study, when the HEART score was greater than 4, the sensitivity was 100%, with a specificity of 50%; and when GRACE greater than 139 the sensitivity is 55% and specificity is 97% for high SYNTAX. Therefore, this study hypothesizes that, in specific scenarios of high clinical risk scores (GRACE&gt; 139 and HEART&gt; 4), the team and the patient can prepare for a surgical approach, due to the higher probability of high SYNTAX, by elevated SYNTAX.</p>
        <p>One of the noteworthy limitations of this study is the small number of patients for a study conducted in a single center, as well as the absence of a second evaluator to analyze the methods and the other scores.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclusion</title>
        <p>The clinical scores presented a positive, although modest, association with the SYNTAX score. The combined use of HEART and GRACE, offers good accuracy for detecting angiographic complexity.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by" id="fn3">
          <p>
            <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
          </p>
          <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn4">
          <p>
            <bold>Study Association</bold>
          </p>
          <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
