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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">MpnvjHjYRTBm9P9WTKGdGbT</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2021000900153</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20201267</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20201267</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Imagem</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Pun&#231;&#227;o Trans T&#250;nel Intra-Atrial Guiada por Imagem Multimodal e Sistema de Mapeamento 3-D com Integra&#231;&#227;o de TC em Doente com Flutter Atrial P&#243;s Cirurgia de Senning</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Palma</surname>
            <given-names>Andreia</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9791-767X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Sousa</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro A.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Patr&#237;cia V.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pires</surname>
            <given-names>Ant&#243;nio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Departamento de Cardiologia Pedi&#225;trica</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Centro de Refer&#234;ncia de Cardiopatias Cong&#233;nitas</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Centro Hospitalar e Universit&#225;rio de Coimbra</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Coimbra</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original"> Departamento de Cardiologia Pedi&#225;trica , Centro de Refer&#234;ncia de Cardiopatias Cong&#233;nitas , Centro Hospitalar e Universit&#225;rio de Coimbra , Coimbra - Portugal </institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Departamento de Cardiologia</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Unidade de Pacing e Eletrofisiologia</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Centro Hospitalar e Universit&#225;rio de Coimbra</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Coimbra</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original"> Departamento de Cardiologia , Unidade de Pacing e Eletrofisiologia , Centro Hospitalar e Universit&#225;rio de Coimbra , Coimbra - Portugal </institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Andreia Palma</bold> &#8226; Departamento de Cardiologia Pedi&#225;trica - Centro Hospitalar e Universit&#225;rio de Coimbra - Avenida Rua Dr. Afonso Rom&#227;o, 3000-602 Coimbra - Portugal. E-mail: <email>andreia.fmp91@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Palma A, Sousa PA, Silva PV; Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados e Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Palma A; An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Palma A, Sousa PA; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Sousa PA, Silva PV, Pires A.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potencial conflito de interesse</p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; conflito com o presente artigo</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>26</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>117</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>153</fpage>
      <lpage>156</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>28</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>05</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2021</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>24</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2021</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Pun&#231;&#227;o transeptal</kwd>
        <kwd>Cirurgia de Senning</kwd>
        <kwd>Abla&#231;&#227;o por cateter</kwd>
        <kwd>Flutter atrial</kwd>
        <kwd>Transposi&#231;&#227;o das Grandes Art&#233;rias</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="8"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="3"/>
        <page-count count="4"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A complexa anatomia p&#243;s-cirurgia de Senning condiciona diversos desafios &#224; abla&#231;&#227;o por cateter. A abordagem trans t&#250;nel intra-atrial permite o acesso ao &#225;trio venoso pulmonar e uma melhor manipula&#231;&#227;o do cateter. Contudo, nestes doentes, a pun&#231;&#227;o dos t&#250;neis intra-atriais pode ser dif&#237;cil de realizar.</p>
    <p>Os autores relatam o caso de uma paciente de sexo feminino, de 29 anos, submetida a cirurgia de Senning por dextro-transposi&#231;&#227;o das grandes art&#233;rias. A paciente apresentava epis&#243;dios recorrentes de flutter atrial refrat&#225;rios &#224; terap&#234;utica antiarr&#237;tmica, e recomendou-se a indica&#231;&#227;o de abla&#231;&#227;o por cateter.</p>
    <p>Tendo em conta que a maioria das arritmias p&#243;s-cirurgia de Senning t&#234;m origem no &#225;trio venoso pulmonar e que a abordagem retr&#243;grada &#233; de dif&#237;cil execu&#231;&#227;o, optou-se pela pun&#231;&#227;o do t&#250;nel intra-atrial. <sup><xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref> - <xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref> </sup> </p>
    <p>Realizou-se uma angiografia na margem inferior do t&#250;nel intra-atrial ( <xref rid="f01" ref-type="fig">Figura 1A</xref> ). As imagens de tomografia computadorizada (TC) foram integradas com o mapa eletroanat&#244;mico do &#225;trio venoso pulmonar (CARTO 3, Biosense Webster) ( <xref rid="f02" ref-type="fig">Figura 2</xref> ). A agulha transeptal foi conectada ao sistema de mapeamento, o que permitiu a sua visualiza&#231;&#227;o em tempo real ( <xref rid="f02" ref-type="fig">Figura 2</xref> ). A pun&#231;&#227;o do t&#250;nel intra-atrial foi realizada sem complica&#231;&#245;es sob ecocardiograma transesof&#225;gico ( <xref rid="f03" ref-type="fig">Figura 3</xref> ) e fluoroscopia ( <xref rid="f01" ref-type="fig">Figura 1B</xref> e <xref rid="f01" ref-type="fig">1C</xref> ).</p>
    <p>
      <fig id="f01">
        <label>Figura 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>&#8211; <italic>A: Angiografia na margem inferior do t&#250;nel intra-atrial revela a aus&#234;ncia de obstru&#231;&#227;o ao fluxo, bem como, de fuga intra-atrial. O tracejado delimita os bordos do &#225;trio venoso sist&#233;mico (AVS). B e C: Fluoroscopia realizada na incid&#234;ncia p&#243;stero-anterior demonstra a pun&#231;&#227;o trans t&#250;nel intra-atrial. A agulha transeptal (BRK-1, St. Jude Medical, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota) est&#225; orientada superiormente e anteriormente (12 horas). A por&#231;&#227;o superior do t&#250;nel intra-atrial est&#225; real&#231;ada com contraste, permitindo a visualiza&#231;&#227;o da ponta da agulha enquanto esta atravessa para o interior do &#225;trio venoso pulmonar (AVP). Posteriormente, uma bainha de 8.5-F (SL0 Swartz braided trans-septal guided, St. Jude Medical, Inc.) &#233; avan&#231;ada para o PVA. VCI: veia cava inferior; VE: ventr&#237;culo esquerdo.</italic> </title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-117-01-0153-01267-gf01.tif"/></fig>
    </p>
    <p>
      <fig id="f02">
        <label>Figura 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>-<italic>Mapeamento 3-D (CARTO 3, Biosense Webster, Inc) com integra&#231;&#227;o de imagens de TC dos &#225;trios sist&#233;mico (AVS) e pulmonar (AVP). &#192; esquerda (A) encontra-se uma incid&#234;ncia posterior e &#224; direita (B) uma incid&#234;ncia anterior. O t&#250;nel intra-atrial est&#225; real&#231;ado a azul esverdeado. A seta branca demonstra a localiza&#231;&#227;o da ponta da agulha aquando da pun&#231;&#227;o trans t&#250;nel intra-atrial. VCI: veia cava inferior; VCS: veia cava superior.</italic></title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-117-01-0153-01267-gf02.tif"/></fig>
    </p>
    <p>
      <fig id="f03">
        <label>Figura 3</label>
        <caption>
          <title>-<italic>Ecocardiograma transesof&#225;gico que mostra a localiza&#231;&#227;o da pun&#231;&#227;o trans t&#250;nel intra-atrial. A seta branca aponta para a bainha. AVP: &#225;trio venoso pulmonar; AVS: &#225;trio venoso sist&#233;mico.</italic></title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-117-01-0153-01267-gf03.tif"/></fig>
    </p>
    <p>O mapa de ativa&#231;&#227;o do &#225;trio venoso pulmonar revelou uma ativa&#231;&#227;o anti-hor&#225;ria em torno da v&#225;lvula tric&#250;spide (<xref rid="f04" ref-type="fig">Figura 4A</xref>). A aplica&#231;&#227;o de radiofrequ&#234;ncia em ambos os lados atriais do istmo cavo-tric&#250;spide permitiu o t&#233;rmino do flutter atrial, com posterior confirma&#231;&#227;o do bloqueio bidirecional (<xref rid="f04" ref-type="fig">Figura 4B</xref>).</p>
    <p>
      <fig id="f04">
        <label>Figura 4</label>
        <caption>
          <title>-<italic>Mapa de ativa&#231;&#227;o realizado com o algoritmo de mapeamento Coherent e o cateter PentaRay (Biosense Webster, Inc). A &#8211; Mapa de ativa&#231;&#227;o do &#225;trio venoso pulmonar com 8216 pontos e uma dura&#231;&#227;o do ciclo de taquicardia de 319 ms; revela um padr&#227;o de ativa&#231;&#227;o anti-hor&#225;rio em torno da v&#225;lvula tric&#250;spide (o vermelho mostra as &#225;reas de ativa&#231;&#227;o mais precoce, enquanto o laranja, amarelo, verde, azul e roxo mostram &#225;reas de ativa&#231;&#227;o progressivamente mais tardias). B &#8211; Mapa de ativa&#231;&#227;o do septo posterior do &#225;trio venoso sist&#233;mico, realizado com estimula&#231;&#227;o a 500ms, ap&#243;s abla&#231;&#227;o por radiofrequ&#234;ncia (pontos vermelhos). O mapa inclui 1693 pontos e confirma a presen&#231;a de bloqueio bidirecional, sem ativa&#231;&#227;o atrav&#233;s de ambos os lados atriais do istmo cavo-tric&#250;spide.</italic></title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-117-01-0153-01267-gf04.tif"/></fig>
    </p>
    <p>A imagem multimodal e o sistema de mapeamento 3-D com integra&#231;&#227;o de TC permitem a obten&#231;&#227;o de refer&#234;ncias anat&#244;micas, possibilitando a realiza&#231;&#227;o de uma pun&#231;&#227;o eficaz e segura dos t&#250;neis intra-atriais, aumentando a probabilidade de sucesso da abla&#231;&#227;o por cateter em doentes p&#243;s-cir&#250;gicos de Senning.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <title>Refer&#234;ncias</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>1. Baysa SJ , Olen M . Arrhytmias following the Mustard and Senning operations for dextro-transposition of the great arteries - clinical aspects and catheter ablation . Card Electrophysiol Clin . 2017 ; 9 ( 2 ): 255 &#8211; 71 .</mixed-citation>
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              <surname>Baysa</surname>
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            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Olen</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Arrhytmias following the Mustard and Senning operations for dextro-transposition of the great arteries - clinical aspects and catheter ablation</article-title>
          <source>Card Electrophysiol Clin</source>
          <year>2017</year>
          <volume>9</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>255</fpage>
          <lpage>271</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation>2. Laredo M , Waldmann V , Soulat G , Amet D , Maryon E , Iserin L Transbaffle/transconduit puncture using a simple CARTO-guided approach without echocardiography in patients with congenital heart disease . J Cardiovasc Eletrophysiol 2020 ; 31 ( 8 ): 2049 - 60 .</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Laredo</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Waldmann</surname>
              <given-names>V</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Soulat</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Amet</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Maryon</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Iserin</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Transbaffle/transconduit puncture using a simple CARTO-guided approach without echocardiography in patients with congenital heart disease</article-title>
          <source>J Cardiovasc Eletrophysiol</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>31</volume>
          <issue>8</issue>
          <fpage>2049</fpage>
          <lpage>2060</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B3">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation>3. Uhm J-S , Kim NK , Kim TH , Joung B , Nan-Pak H , Lee MH . How to perform transconduit and transbaffle puncture in patients who have previously undergone the Fontan or Mustard operation . Heart Rhythm 2017 ; 15 ( 1 ) 145 - 50 .</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Uhm</surname>
              <given-names>J-S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kim</surname>
              <given-names>NK</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kim</surname>
              <given-names>TH</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Joung</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Nan-Pak</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lee</surname>
              <given-names>MH</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>How to perform transconduit and transbaffle puncture in patients who have previously undergone the Fontan or Mustard operation</article-title>
          <source>Heart Rhythm</source>
          <year>2017</year>
          <volume>15</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>145</fpage>
          <lpage>150</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
        </p>
        <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</bold>
        </p>
        <p>Este artigo n&#227;o cont&#233;m estudos com humanos ou animais realizados por nenhum dos autores.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn6">
        <p>Fontes de financiamento</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn7">
        <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Image</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Transbaffle Puncture Using Multimodality Imaging and 3-D Mapping with CT Image Integration in a Patient with Atrial Flutter Post-Senning Procedure</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4231-5647</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Palma</surname>
            <given-names>Andreia</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9791-767X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Sousa</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro A.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Patr&#237;cia V.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pires</surname>
            <given-names>Ant&#243;nio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original"> Departamento de Cardiologia Pedi&#225;trica, Centro de Refer&#234;ncia de Cardiopatias Cong&#233;nitas, Centro Hospitalar e Universit&#225;rio de Coimbra, Coimbra - Portugal </institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original"> Departamento de Cardiologia, Unidade de Pacing e Eletrofisiologia, Centro Hospitalar e Universit&#225;rio de Coimbra, Coimbra - Portugal </institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001"><bold>Mailing Address: Andreia Palma</bold> &#8226; Departamento de Cardiologia Pedi&#225;trica - Centro Hospitalar e Universit&#225;rio de Coimbra - Avenida Rua Dr. Afonso Rom&#227;o, 3000-602 Coimbra - Portugal. E-mail: andreia.fmp91@gmail.com</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>Author Contributions</p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Palma A, Sousa PA, Silva PV; Acquisition of data and Writing of the manuscript: Palma A; Analysis and interpretation of the data: Palma A, Sousa PA; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Sousa PA, Silva PV, Pires A.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potential Conflict of Interest</p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Transeptal Puncture</kwd>
        <kwd>Senning Surgery</kwd>
        <kwd>Catheter Ablation</kwd>
        <kwd>Atrial Flutter</kwd>
        <kwd>Arterial Switch Operation</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>The complex post-surgical anatomy after the Senning procedure presents several challenges for catheter ablation. Transbaffle approach allows access to the pulmonary venous atrium and better catheter manipulation. However, this modified transseptal puncture can be challenging to perform.</p>
      <p>The authors present the case of a 29-year-old woman who underwent a Senning procedure for dextro-transposition of the great arteries. The patient had recurrent episodes of atrial flutter despite adequate antiarrhythmic therapy and was referred for catheter ablation.</p>
      <p>Since the vast majority of the arrhythmias are related to the pulmonary venous atrium and catheter manipulation through a retrograde approach is difficult, a transbaffle puncture was performed. <sup><xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref> - <xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref> </sup> </p>
      <p>Angiography in the systemic Senning baffle was first carried out ( <xref rid="f01001" ref-type="fig">Figure 1A</xref> ). Images from a CT scan were merged with real-time 3-D electroanatomical mapping of the systemic venous atrium (CARTO 3, Biosense Webster) ( <xref rid="f02001" ref-type="fig">Figure 2</xref> ). The transseptal needle was connected to the mapping system, allowing for the visualization of the needle tip ( <xref rid="f02001" ref-type="fig">Figure 2</xref> ). Under transesophageal echocardiography ( <xref rid="f03001" ref-type="fig">Figure 3</xref> ) and fluoroscopy ( <xref rid="f01001" ref-type="fig">Figures 1B</xref> and <xref rid="f01001" ref-type="fig">1C</xref> ), the transbaffle puncture was safely performed.</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f01001">
          <label>Figure 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; <italic>A: Angiography of the systemic Senning baffle reveals unobstructed flow with no intra-atrial shunting. Dashed line highlights the boundaries of systemic venous atrium (SVA). B and C: Fluoroscopic images, in the postero-anterior view, demonstrating the transbaffle puncture. A transseptal needle (BRK-1, St. Jude Medical, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota) is directed superiorly and anteriorly (12 o&#8217;clock). Guided by multimodality imaging, the superior portion of the systemic baffle is highlighted and stained with contrast, allowing for visualization of the needle as it crosses into the pulmonary venous atrium (PVA). An 8.5-F sheath (SL0 Swartz braided trans-septal guided, St. Jude Medical, Inc.) is advanced into the PVA. IVC: inferior vena cava; LV: left ventricle.</italic> </title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-117-01-0153-01267-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f02001">
          <label>Figure 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>-<italic>A 3-D electroanatomical mapping (CARTO 3, Biosense Webster, Inc) of the systemic (SVA) and pulmonary venous atria (PVA), together with CT scan. Left side (A) shows a posterior view and right side (B) an anterior view. The systemic Senning baffle is highlighted in navy green color. The white arrow indicates the needle through the site of the transbaffle puncture. IVC: inferior vena cava; SVC: superior vena cava.</italic></title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-117-01-0153-01267-gf02-en.tif"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f03001">
          <label>Figure 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>-<italic>Transesophageal echocardiography, showing the transbaffle puncture site. The white arrow corresponds to the sheath. PVA: pulmonary venous atrium; SVA: systemic venous atrium.</italic></title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-117-01-0153-01267-gf03-en.tif"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>Activation mapping in the pulmonary venous atrium revealed a counterclockwise activation pattern along the tricuspid valve ( <xref rid="f04001" ref-type="fig">Figure 4A</xref> ). Radiofrequency was delivered on both sides of the cavotricuspid isthmus, terminating the tachycardia with subsequent confirmation of bidirectional block ( <xref rid="f04001" ref-type="fig">Figure 4B</xref> ).</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f04001">
          <label>Figure 4</label>
          <caption>
            <title>-<italic>Maps performed with the Coherent mapping algorithm and the PentaRay catheter (Biosense Webster, Inc). A- Pulmonary venous atrium activation map including 8,216 points and 319ms of the tachycardia cycle length, revealing a counterclockwise motion around the tricuspid annulus (red indicates the areas with earliest local activation time, while orange, yellow, green, blue, and purple indicate progressively delayed activation). B- This high-density activation map, performed while pacing at 500ms from the posterior septum of the systemic venous atrium, was performed after radiofrequency delivery (red dots). It included 1,693 points and confirmed the presence of a bidirectional block, with no activation passage through the cavotricuspid isthmus line.</italic></title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-117-01-0153-01267-gf04-en.tif"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>Multimodality imaging and 3-D electroanatomical mapping, together with CT scan provide real-time anatomical landmarks, crucial for an effective and safe transbaffle puncture, increasing the probability of a successful catheter ablation after Senning procedures.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Study Association</p>
          <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Ethics approval and consent to participate</p>
          <p>This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn6001">
          <p>Sources of Funding</p>
          <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
