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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">VXkcH9jXkdKJ6Yzw3HL6Ykz</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2021000900130</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20210500</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20210500</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Reperfus&#227;o Coronariana no Infarto Agudo do Mioc&#225;rdio: Tentar o &#211;timo. Executar o Poss&#237;vel</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3068-0540</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Markman</surname>
            <given-names>Brivaldo</given-names>
            <suffix>Filho</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lima</surname>
            <given-names>Sandro Gon&#231;alves de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Pernambuco</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Recife</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">PE</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas - Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Brivaldo Markman Filho &#8226; Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas - Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n. CEP 50740-900, Recife, PE &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>brivaldomarkman@uol.com.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>26</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>117</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>130</fpage>
      <lpage>131</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares</kwd>
        <kwd>Infarto do Mioc&#225;rdio</kwd>
        <kwd>Reperfus&#227;o Mioc&#225;rdica</kwd>
        <kwd>Epidemiologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Interven&#231;&#227;o Coron&#225;ria Percut&#226;nea</kwd>
        <kwd>Fibrinol&#237;ticos</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="12"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A estrat&#233;gia da reperfus&#227;o da art&#233;ria relacionada ao infarto teve in&#237;cio nos anos 70 com a administra&#231;&#227;o intracoronariana de fibrinol&#237;tico.<sup><xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>,<xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref></sup> Seguiram-se a administra&#231;&#227;o intravenosa<sup><xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref></sup> e a tromb&#243;lise mec&#226;nica da art&#233;ria &#8220;culpada&#8221;, inicialmente com angioplastia simples e, posteriormente, com o implante dos &#8220;stents&#8221;.<sup><xref rid="B4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref></sup> Todos esses procedimentos tinham um objetivo comum: diminuir a &#225;rea isqu&#234;mica/necr&#243;tica, preservar m&#250;sculo, melhorar a fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular e, consequentemente, a sobrevida.</p>
    <p>O sucesso do procedimento &#233; dependente do tempo de in&#237;cio dos sintomas at&#233; o momento da interven&#231;&#227;o escolhida, seja ela qu&#237;mica ou percut&#226;nea. De acordo com as diversas diretrizes, tal intervalo gira em torno de 12 h, enfatizando que quanto mais precoce &#233; feito o diagn&#243;stico e realizada a interven&#231;&#227;o, melhores ser&#227;o os desfechos cl&#237;nicos.<sup><xref rid="B5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Estudos comparando tromb&#243;lise mec&#226;nica x qu&#237;mica t&#234;m relatado a superioridade da primeira na redu&#231;&#227;o da mortalidade e complica&#231;&#245;es hemorr&#225;gicas graves, o que levou a decis&#227;o generalizada ser a estrat&#233;gia principal para tratar os pacientes.<sup><xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref></sup> Entretanto, nem todos os hospitais disp&#245;em de laborat&#243;rio de hemodin&#226;mica e, dentre estes, uma menor quantidade apresenta estrutura para mant&#234;-lo aberto 24 h, sete dias por semana. Estudos realizados no exterior demonstraram a factibilidade da transfer&#234;ncia de pacientes para hospitais com possibilidade de realizar a interven&#231;&#227;o coronariana percut&#226;nea (ICP) no infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio (IAM)<sup><xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref></sup> dentro do intervalo de tempo preconizado pelas melhores evid&#234;ncias. Quando esse tempo n&#227;o pode ser alcan&#231;ado, recomenda-se fibrin&#243;lise em at&#233; 30 min da chegada &#224; primeira institui&#231;&#227;o de sa&#250;de ou fibrin&#243;lise pr&#233;-hospitalar.<sup><xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>-<xref rid="B11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Neste estudo, de grande import&#226;ncia para a sa&#250;de p&#250;blica e para a gest&#227;o em cardiologia, os autores destacam que em Sergipe a distribui&#231;&#227;o dos servi&#231;os que realizam ICP n&#227;o &#233; regionalizada e dentre aqueles que o fazem, apenas um, localizado em Aracaju, atende pacientes do SUS, atrav&#233;s da regula&#231;&#227;o a partir de outras unidades de sa&#250;de, e ressaltam a import&#226;ncia do tempo do hospital sem ICP ao hospital com ICP como sendo o de maior impacto no tempo total.<sup><xref rid="B12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref></sup> Tratam-se de retardos que ocorrem inclusive na regi&#227;o de Aracaju, cujos tempos, teoricamente, deveriam ser bem mais curtos do que a mediana observada de 9 h do in&#237;cio dos sintomas at&#233; a chegada ao hospital com ICP.</p>
    <p>Como ressaltado pelos autores, a caracter&#237;stica deste hospital n&#227;o ser &#8220;porta aberta&#8221; justifica a proposi&#231;&#227;o para os gestores em sa&#250;de reavaliarem o fluxo de atendimento ao paciente infartado no estado, inclusive elevando os percentuais de tromb&#243;lise qu&#237;mica frente &#224; impossibilidade de transfer&#234;ncia para centros com ICP dentro do tempo preconizado, possibilitando, assim, a redu&#231;&#227;o das altas taxas de mortalidade observadas. Esses dados apresentam um impacto ainda maior quando verificamos que quase 15% dos pacientes passaram por duas unidades hospitalares antes de chegarem ao destino final.<sup><xref rid="B12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref></sup> A an&#225;lise pormenorizada do subgrupo de pacientes (1,7%) que tiveram acesso direto ao hospital com ICP pode fornecer dados mais consistentes com a necessidade de mudan&#231;a neste fluxo de atendimento.</p>
    <p>A regi&#227;o de sa&#250;de Gl&#243;ria &#233; uma das mais distantes da capital, o que pode explicar os tempos mais prolongados do hospital sem ICP ao hospital com ICP e do in&#237;cio dos sintomas at&#233; a chegada a esse hospital. Esses dados justificam o mais baixo percentual de ICP prim&#225;ria (17,1%) dentre as regi&#245;es do estado. Apesar disso, o estudo mostra a menor taxa de mortalidade (7,5%) nessa mesma regi&#227;o. &#201; importante ressaltar o menor percentual de diab&#233;ticos, a menor m&#233;dia de idade e a mais alta taxa de realiza&#231;&#227;o de ICP n&#227;o prim&#225;ria nessa regi&#227;o. Em contrapartida, a regi&#227;o de Est&#226;ncia, cuja taxa de mortalidade foi a mais alta (18,6%), &#233; vizinha da regi&#227;o de Aracaju, o que justifica um tempo do hospital sem ICP ao hospital com ICP quase 5 horas menor, e do in&#237;cio dos sintomas at&#233; a chegada ao hospital com ICP 5 h e 30 min menor, e, dessa forma, explica um percentual mais elevado de ICP prim&#225;ria (46,6%). Entretanto, essa regi&#227;o apresenta a maior m&#233;dia de idade e a segunda taxa mais elevada de diabetes. A avalia&#231;&#227;o global desses dados nos permite levantar a hip&#243;tese de que o tempo para o atendimento ao quadro agudo possa ter sido compensado pelo perfil de risco heterog&#234;neo caracter&#237;stico da popula&#231;&#227;o estudada, o que justifica a n&#227;o diferen&#231;a nas taxas de mortalidade nos dados ajustados.</p>
    <p>O atendimento ao paciente infartado continua sendo um desafio para cardiologistas e gestores em sa&#250;de, especialmente em localidades remotas e com recursos escassos. &#201; poss&#237;vel que nos &#250;ltimos meses a pandemia de COVID-19 tenha acentuado essas desigualdades, mas enquanto, guiados pela ci&#234;ncia, buscarmos o &#243;timo, devemos persistir na luta pela execu&#231;&#227;o de medidas poss&#237;veis: identifica&#231;&#227;o das causas dos maiores retardos no atendimento, distribui&#231;&#227;o geograficamente igualit&#225;ria e sim&#233;trica de centros de atendimento em cardiologia, estabelecimento de diretrizes para amplia&#231;&#227;o do uso da tromb&#243;lise qu&#237;mica, incluindo a tromb&#243;lise pr&#233;-hospitalar, que contribuir&#227;o para reduzir as taxas de mortalidade de Propri&#225; a Est&#226;ncia e de Gl&#243;ria a Aracaju.<sup><xref rid="B12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref></sup></p>
  </body>
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        <mixed-citation>11. Balk M, Gomes HB, Quadros AS, Saffi MAL, Leiria TLL. An&#225;lise comparativa entre pacientes com IAMCSST transferidos e pacientes de demanda espont&#226;nea submetidos &#224; angioplastia prim&#225;ria. Arq. Bras Cardiol. 2019; 112 (4): 402-407.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Balk</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Gomes</surname>
              <given-names>HB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Quadros</surname>
              <given-names>AS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Saffi</surname>
              <given-names>MAL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Leiria</surname>
              <given-names>TLL</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>An&#225;lise comparativa entre pacientes com IAMCSST transferidos e pacientes de demanda espont&#226;nea submetidos &#224; angioplastia prim&#225;ria</article-title>
          <source>Arq. Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2019</year>
          <volume>112</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>402</fpage>
          <lpage>407</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B12">
        <label>12</label>
        <mixed-citation>12. Oliveira JC, Ferreira GJS, Oliveira JC, Lima TCR, Barreto IDC, Oliveira LCS, et al. Influence of Geographical Location on Access to Reperfusion Therapies and Mortality of Patients with STEMI in Sergipe: VICTIM Register. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 117(1):120-129.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Oliveira</surname>
              <given-names>JC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ferreira</surname>
              <given-names>GJS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Oliveira</surname>
              <given-names>JC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lima</surname>
              <given-names>TCR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Barreto</surname>
              <given-names>IDC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Oliveira</surname>
              <given-names>LCS</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Influence of Geographical Location on Access to Reperfusion Therapies and Mortality of Patients with STEMI in Sergipe: VICTIM Register</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2021</year>
          <volume>117</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>120</fpage>
          <lpage>129</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <italic>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Influ&#234;ncia da Localiza&#231;&#227;o Geogr&#225;fica no Acesso &#224;s Terapias de Reperfus&#227;o e Mortalidade de Pacientes com IAMcSST em Sergipe: Registro VICTIM</italic>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Coronary Reperfusion in Acute Myocardial Infarction: Trying the Optimal. Executing the Possible</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3068-0540</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Markman</surname>
            <given-names>Brivaldo</given-names>
            <suffix>Filho</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lima</surname>
            <given-names>Sandro Gon&#231;alves de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas - Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001"><bold>Mailing Adress: Brivaldo Markman Filho</bold> &#8226; Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas - Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n. Postal Code 50740-900, Recife, PE &#8211; Brazil E-mail: brivaldomarkman@uol.com.br </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial Infarction</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial Reperfusion</kwd>
        <kwd>Percutaneous Coronary Intervention</kwd>
        <kwd>Fibrinolytic Agents</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>The infarction-related artery reperfusion strategy began in the 1970s with the intracoronary administration of fibrinolytics.<sup><xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>,<xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref></sup> This was followed by intravenous administration<sup><xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref></sup> and mechanical thrombolysis of the &#8220;culprit&#8221; artery, initially with simple angioplasty and, later, with stenting.<sup><xref rid="B4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref></sup> All of these procedures had a common goal: to reduce the ischemic/necrotic area, preserve muscle, improve ventricular function and, consequently, survival.</p>
      <p>The success of the procedure depends on the time from the onset of symptoms to the moment of the chosen intervention, whether chemical or percutaneous. According to different guidelines, this interval is about 12 hours. The earlier the diagnosis and intervention, the better the clinical outcomes will be.<sup><xref rid="B5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Studies comparing mechanical x chemical thrombolysis have reported the superiority of the former in reducing mortality and severe hemorrhagic complications, which led the general decision to be the main strategy to treat patients.<sup><xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref></sup> However, not all hospitals have a cath lab and, among them, a smaller number has the structure to keep it open 24 hours, 7 days a week. Studies conducted abroad have demonstrated the feasibility of transferring patients to hospitals with the possibility of performing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI)<sup><xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref></sup> within the time interval recommended by the best evidence. When this time interval cannot be fulfilled, fibrinolysis within 30 minutes of arrival at the first health institution or pre-hospital fibrinolysis is recommended.<sup><xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>-<xref rid="B11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In this study, which is of great importance for public health and cardiology management, the authors point out that in Sergipe the distribution of services that perform PCI is not regionalized and among those that do it, only one, located in Aracaju, serves patients referred from the public health system, through regulation from other health units, and emphasize the importance of time from the hospital without PCI to the hospital with PCI as having the greatest impact on the total time.<sup><xref rid="B12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref></sup> These are delays that occur even in Aracaju, whose times, theoretically, should be much shorter than the observed median of 9 h from the onset of symptoms to arrival at the hospital with PCI.</p>
      <p>As pointed out by the authors, the fact that this hospital does not have &#8220;open doors&#8221; justifies the proposition for health managers to reassess the flow of care for infarcted patients in the state, by increasing the percentages of chemical thrombolysis due to the impossibility of transferring them to centers with PCI within the recommended time, thus making it possible to reduce the high mortality rates observed. These data have an even greater impact if we consider that nearly 15% of patients went through two hospital units before reaching their final destination.<sup><xref rid="B12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref></sup> A detailed analysis of the subgroup of patients (1.7%) that had direct access to the hospital with PCI can provide data that are more consistent with the need to change this flow of care.</p>
      <p>The Gl&#243;ria health region is one of the most distant from the capital, which may explain the longer times from the hospital without PCI to the hospital with PCI and from the onset of symptoms to arrival at that hospital. These data justify the lowest percentage of primary PCI (17.1%) among the regions of the state. Despite this, the study shows the lowest mortality rate (7.5%) in this region. It is important to highlight the lowest percentage of diabetics, the lowest average age and the highest rate of non-primary PCI in this region. On the other hand, the region of Est&#226;ncia, the mortality rate of which was the highest (18.6%), is close to the region of Aracaju, which justifies a time almost 5 hours shorter from the hospital without PCI to the hospital with PCI, and from onset of symptoms to arrival at the hospital with PCI 5 h and 30 min shorter, which explains a higher percentage of primary PCI (46.6%). However, this region has the highest average age and the second highest rate of diabetes. The global assessment of these data allows us to hypothesize that the time to care for the acute condition may have been compensated by the heterogeneous risk profile of the study population, which justifies the non-difference in mortality rates in the adjusted data.</p>
      <p>Care of infarcted patients remains a challenge for cardiologists and health managers, especially in remote locations with scarce resources. It is possible that in recent months the COVID-19 pandemic has accentuated these inequalities, but while, guided by science, we seek the optimal, we must persist in the fight for the implementation of possible measures: identification of the causes of the greatest delays in care, geographically equal and symmetrical distribution of cardiology care centers, establishment of guidelines for expanding the use of chemical thrombolysis, including pre-hospital thrombolysis, which will contribute to reducing mortality rates from Propri&#225; to Est&#226;ncia and from Gl&#243;ria to Aracaju.<sup><xref rid="B12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref></sup></p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <italic>Short editorial related to the article: Influence of Geographical Location on Access to Reperfusion Therapies and Mortality of Patients with STEMI in Sergipe: VICTIM Register</italic>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
