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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">NDLScWpgmyKGZB7byCdTYKL</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2021000900061</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20210419</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20210419</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Mortalidade por Doen&#231;a Isqu&#234;mica do Cora&#231;&#227;o no Brasil &#8211; Disparidades no Nordeste</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7405-6822</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pinheiro</surname>
            <given-names>Denise da Silva</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2029-2568</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Jardim</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo Cesar B. Veiga</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Instituto de Ci&#234;ncias Biol&#243;gicas</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s - Instituto de Ci&#234;ncias Biol&#243;gicas, Goi&#226;nia, GO - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s &#8211; Cardiologia, Goi&#226;nia, GO - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Denise da Silva Pinheiro &#8226; Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s - Instituto de Ci&#234;ncias Biol&#243;gicas - Alameda Flamboyant, Campus Samambaia, UFG LACES/ICB/UFG. CEP 74001-970, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>denisepinheirobiomed@hotmail.com</email>, <email>facasealuz@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>26</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>117</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>61</fpage>
      <lpage>62</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Isquemia Mioc&#225;rdica</kwd>
        <kwd>Mortalidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares</kwd>
        <kwd>Brasil</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="13"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>As doen&#231;as cardiovasculares (DCV) emergiram como um problema global de sa&#250;de, respons&#225;veis por mais de 17 milh&#245;es de mortes anualmente, configurando a principal causa de &#243;bitos desde a d&#233;cada de 60. Em especial, as doen&#231;as isqu&#234;micas do cora&#231;&#227;o (DIC) constituem a DCV mais prevalente, ocupando a primeira posi&#231;&#227;o como causa de morte em todo o mundo, considerando dados at&#233; 2019. Foram causadoras de 8,9 milh&#245;es de &#243;bitos em 2019 (16% de todas as causas), sendo associadas a um incremento de mais de 2 milh&#245;es de desfechos fatais nas duas &#250;ltimas d&#233;cadas.<sup><xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref></sup></p>
    <p>No Brasil, tem sido empreendido um esfor&#231;o no sentido de disponibilizar estat&#237;sticas mais abrangentes do panorama nacional das DCV com a produ&#231;&#227;o de um relat&#243;rio anual<sup><xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref></sup> que inclui estat&#237;sticas oficiais do Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de e dados de estudos epidemiol&#243;gicos, inclusive do Estudo <italic>Global Burden of Disease </italic>(GBD), entre outras fontes. Foi verificada uma taxa de 83 mortes por DIC por 100 mil habitantes em 2017, sendo a DIC a principal causa de morte em todas as unidade federativas brasileiras, diferentemente de 1990, quando o acidente vascular encef&#225;lico ainda liderava em alguns estados da regi&#227;o nordeste.<sup><xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Sendo um pa&#237;s de dimens&#245;es continentais e marcado pelas desigualdades sociais, no Brasil, ressalta-se a import&#226;ncia da realiza&#231;&#227;o de investiga&#231;&#245;es populacionais que contemplem as grandes disparidades regionais, principalmente com enfoque em regi&#245;es menos desenvolvidas (norte, nordeste e centro-oeste), de forma a estabelecer prioridades para interven&#231;&#245;es em sa&#250;de p&#250;blica.<sup><xref rid="B4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>,<xref rid="B5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref></sup> Nesse sentido, o artigo de Santana et al.<sup><xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref></sup> avaliou o perfil sociodemogr&#225;fico e o comportamento temporal da mortalidade por DIC na regi&#227;o nordeste do Brasil no per&#237;odo de 1996 a 2016.</p>
    <p>Com rela&#231;&#227;o a evolu&#231;&#227;o temporal da taxa de mortalidade, o referido estudo verificou um crescimento significativo da mortalidade por DIC em todos os nove estados do nordeste brasileiro, embora com diferen&#231;as entre os estados, destacando-se Maranh&#227;o e Piau&#237;, onde foram observados os maiores percentuais de mortalidade. Este resultado salienta claramente a disparidade em rela&#231;&#227;o ao que &#233; observado em regi&#245;es mais desenvolvidas no Brasil, como o sul e o sudeste, onde se verifica uma tend&#234;ncia de diminui&#231;&#227;o desse &#237;ndice, enquanto nas regi&#245;es norte e centro-oeste observa-se uma propens&#227;o de estabiliza&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Essa diferen&#231;a na inclina&#231;&#227;o da mortalidade por DIC entre as regi&#245;es brasileiras, com maior desfavorecimento da regi&#227;o nordeste, j&#225; era observada em estudo envolvendo dados de mais de duas d&#233;cadas atr&#225;s - 1981 a 2001<sup><xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref></sup>. A heterogeneidade persistiu em an&#225;lises subsequentes, embora tenha sido observada uma converg&#234;ncia das tend&#234;ncias nas regi&#245;es<sup><xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>,<xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref></sup>, refletindo o peso do desenvolvimento socioecon&#244;mico e o acesso aos servi&#231;os de sa&#250;de no controle da mortalidade por DIC e outras DCV. Grave e preocupante &#233; o fato de que o problema ainda permanece e impacta fortemente a regi&#227;o nordeste, conforme verificado por Santana et al.<sup><xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O referido autor discutiu a import&#226;ncia de pol&#237;ticas p&#250;blicas, em especial na Aten&#231;&#227;o Prim&#225;ria &#224; Sa&#250;de, com destaque para a relev&#226;ncia do Programa de Sa&#250;de da Fam&#237;lia e, nesse contexto, concluiu que as maiores mortalidades verificadas, particularmente nos estados do Maranh&#227;o e Piau&#237;, poderiam refletir particularidades locais e condi&#231;&#245;es de vida da popula&#231;&#227;o, marcada pela baixa escolaridade e menor PIB <italic>per capita</italic>.<sup><xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Deve-se destacar tamb&#233;m, como um achado importante do estudo<sup><xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref></sup>, e que merece aten&#231;&#227;o, a maior taxa de incremento anual da mortalidade por DIC na faixa et&#225;ria de adolescentes. Este ponto ainda carece maior elucida&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica, devendo-se, no entanto, ponderar o prov&#225;vel efeito do crescimento do sobrepeso, da obesidade e da dislipidemia nessa faixa et&#225;ria, que j&#225; se fazem presentes de modo significativo na regi&#227;o nordeste.<sup><xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref>-<xref rid="B13" ref-type="bibr">13</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Dada a diferen&#231;a de desenvolvimento entre as regi&#245;es e entes da federa&#231;&#227;o brasileira, que se refletem em disparidades tamb&#233;m na sa&#250;de, refor&#231;a-se a necessidade de intensifica&#231;&#227;o de pol&#237;ticas p&#250;blicas de preven&#231;&#227;o no nordeste. Estas passam por medidas educativas para controle dos principais fatores de risco &#224;s DIC: hipertens&#227;o, dislipidemia, diabetes, tabagismo, um forte est&#237;mulo &#224; alimenta&#231;&#227;o saud&#225;vel para manuten&#231;&#227;o do peso adequado, al&#233;m da melhoria do acesso e qualidade dos servi&#231;os de sa&#250;de, para se conseguir reverter a tend&#234;ncia da mortalidade por DIC e outras DCV nessa regi&#227;o.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <italic>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Tend&#234;ncia Temporal da Mortalidade por Doen&#231;as Isqu&#234;micas do Cora&#231;&#227;o no Nordeste Brasileiro (1996&#8211;2016): Uma An&#225;lise Segundo G&#234;nero e Faixa Et&#225;ria</italic>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Mortality Due to Ischemic Heart Disease in Brazil &#8211; Northeast Disparities</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7405-6822</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pinheiro</surname>
            <given-names>Denise da Silva</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2029-2568</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Jardim</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo Cesar B. Veiga</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s - Instituto de Ci&#234;ncias Biol&#243;gicas, Goi&#226;nia, GO - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s &#8211; Cardiologia, Goi&#226;nia, GO - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001"><bold>Mailing Address: Denise da Silva Pinheiro</bold> &#8226; Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s - Instituto de Ci&#234;ncias Biol&#243;gicas - Alameda Flamboyant, Campus Samambaia, UFG LACES/ICB/UFG. Postal Code 74001-970, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brazil E-mail: denisepinheirobiomed@hotmail.com, facasealuz@gmail.com </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Myocardial Ischemia</kwd>
        <kwd>Mortality</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases</kwd>
        <kwd>Brazil</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) have emerged as a global health concern responsible for more than 17 million deaths annually, representing the main cause of death since the 1960s. In particular, Ischemic Heart Diseases (IHD) constitute the most prevalent CVD, occupying the position of leading cause of death worldwide considering data until 2019, having been responsible for 8.9 million deaths in 2019 (16% of all causes of death) associated with an increase of more than 2 million deaths in the past two decades.<sup><xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In Brazil, it has been undertaken an effort to provide more comprehensive statistics of the national panorama of CVD, with the production of an annual report 2 which includes the Ministry of Health official statistics and data from epidemiological studies, including the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD), among other sources. It was verified a rate of 83 deaths due to IHD per 100 thousand inhabitants in 2017,3 with IHD being the main cause of death in all Brazilian states that year, differently from 1990, when stroke was still leading in some states in the northeast region.<sup><xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Being a country of continental dimensions and marked by social inequalities, in Brazil, the importance of conducting population investigations that address the great regional disparities is emphasized, mainly focusing on less developed regions (north, northeast and center-west), in order to establish priorities for public health interventions.<sup><xref rid="B4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>,<xref rid="B5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref></sup> In this sense, the article by Santana et al.<sup><xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref></sup> evaluated the the socio-demographic profile and the temporal behavior of IHD mortality in northeastern Brazil from 1996 to 2016.</p>
      <p>Regarding the temporal evolution of the mortality rate, the study found a significant increase in IHD mortality in all nine states in the northeast, although with inequalities in rates among the states, especially Maranh&#227;o and Piau&#237;, where the highest mortality percentages were observed. This result clearly highlights the disparity in relation to what is observed in more developed regions in Brazil, such as the south and southeast, where there is a decreasing trend in that index, while in the north and midwest regions there is a tendency towards stabilization.<sup><xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref></sup></p>
      <p>This difference in the mortality slope due to IHD among Brazilian regions, with greater disadvantage in the northeast region, was already observed in a study involving data from more than two decades ago - 1981 to 2001.<sup><xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref></sup> This heterogeneity persisted in subsequent analyzes, although there has been a convergence of trends among regions,<sup><xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>,<xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref></sup> reflecting the weight of socioeconomic development and access to health services in controlling mortality from IHD, and other CVDs. Serious and worrying is the fact that the problem still remains and strongly impacts the northeast region, as verified by Santana et al.<sup><xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The author discussed the importance of public policies, especially in Primary Health Care, with emphasis on the relevance of the Family Health Program and, in this context, concluded that the higher mortalities verified, particularly in the states of Maranh&#227;o and Piau&#237;, could reflect local particularities and the living conditions of the population, which is marked by low education and lower GDP <italic>per capita</italic>.</p>
      <p>It should also be noted, as an important finding in the study<sup><xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref></sup>, and that deserves attention, the highest annual increase of IHD mortality in the age group of adolescents. This point still needs further scientific elucidation, however, it should be considered the likely effect of the growth of overweight, obesity and dyslipidemia in this age group, which is already present in a significant way in the northeast region.<sup><xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref>-<xref rid="B13" ref-type="bibr">13</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Given the difference of development among Brazilian regions and states, which reflects on health disparities, the need to intensify public prevention policies in the northeast is reinforced. These undergo educational measures to control the main risk factors for IHD: hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, smoking, a strong stimulus to healthy eating to maintain adequate weight, in addition to improving access and quality of health services, to reverse the trend in IHD mortality and other CVDs in this region.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <italic>Short Editorial related to the article: Temporal Trend of Mortality Due to Ischemic Heart Diseases in Northeastern Brazil (1996&#8211;2016): An Analysis According to Gender and Age Group</italic>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
