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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="case-report" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="pt">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">6TFHWKTz4sCgtqCBDBGbp5j</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2021000300008</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20190783</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20190783</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Relato de Caso</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Vasorreatividade Coronariana ap&#243;s Reabsor&#231;&#227;o Total do Absorb BVS no Seguimento de 5 Anos</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7488-4588</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Goncalves-Ram&#237;rez</surname>
            <given-names>Luis Renier</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gut&#237;errez</surname>
            <given-names>Hip&#243;lito</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Julca</surname>
            <given-names>Fabi&#225;n</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Esca&#241;uela</surname>
            <given-names>Maximiliano Germ&#225;n Amado</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Varvaro</surname>
            <given-names>Gretel</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Amat-Santos</surname>
            <given-names>Ignacio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital de Le&#243;n</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Le&#243;n</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="ES">Espanha</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital de Le&#243;n &#8211; Cardiologia, Le&#243;n - Espanha</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valladolid</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Castilla y Le&#243;n</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="ES">Espanha</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valladolid, Castilla y Le&#243;n - Espanha</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>3</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital General de Segovia</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Castilla y Le&#243;n</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="ES">Espanha</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital General de Segovia, Castilla y Le&#243;n - Espanha</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>4</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital General de Palencia R&#237;o Carri&#243;n</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Castilla y Le&#243;n</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="ES">Espanha</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital General de Palencia R&#237;o Carri&#243;n, Castilla y Le&#243;n - Espanha</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Luis Renier Goncalves-Ram&#237;rez</bold> &#8226; Hospital de Le&#243;n &#8211; Cardiologia - Altos de Navas Le&#243;n Le&#243;n <postal-code>24071</postal-code> &#8211; Espanha. E-mail: <email>luisrenier@hotmail.com</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos Autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Ramirez LRG, Gut&#237;errez H, Amat-Santos I; Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Ramirez LRG, Gut&#237;errez H, Julca F, Amado M, Varvaro G; An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Ramirez LRG, Julca F, Amado M; Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Ramirez LRG; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Gut&#237;errez H, Varvaro G, Amat-Santos I.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial Conflito de Interesses</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>05</day>
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>116</volume>
      <issue>2 suppl 1</issue>
      <fpage>8</fpage>
      <lpage>11</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>07</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2019</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>22</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>22</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Implantes Absorviveis/normas</kwd>
        <kwd>Interven&#231;&#227;o Coron&#225;ria Percut&#226;nea/m&#233;todos</kwd>
        <kwd>Tecidos Suporte/normas</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a Arterial Coronariana</kwd>
        <kwd>Infarto do Mioc&#225;rdio, Recupera&#231;&#227;o da Fun&#231;&#227;o Fisiol&#243;gica</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="8"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="10"/>
        <page-count count="4"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>Os suportes coronarianos bioabsorv&#237;veis foram projetados para prevenir complica&#231;&#245;es em longo prazo relacionadas ao implante permanente de stents met&#225;licos. O suporte vascular bioabsorv&#237;vel eluidor de everolimus (Absorb BVS; Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, Calif&#243;rnia) foi um dos primeiros suportes vasculares bioabsorv&#237;veis (BVS, do ingl&#234;s <italic>bioresorbable vascular scaffold</italic>) a ser desenvolvido. O BVS Absorb &#233; uma estrutura feita de &#225;cido poli-L-l&#225;ctico revestido com pol&#237;mero poli-DL-l&#225;ctico, que elui o f&#225;rmaco antiproliferativo everolimus.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> O BVS recebeu a marca CE para o tratamento de doen&#231;a arterial coronariana em janeiro de 2011 e foi comercializado na maioria dos pa&#237;ses europeus em 2012.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref> Embora bons resultados tenham sido descritos inicialmente,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref> estudos recentes t&#234;m questionado a seguran&#231;a do dispositivo, sugerindo maior incid&#234;ncia de trombose e infarto do mioc&#225;rdio.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> Al&#233;m disso, a recupera&#231;&#227;o estrutural e funcional de segmentos coron&#225;rios que receberam o suporte ap&#243;s a reabsor&#231;&#227;o do BVS n&#227;o foi sistematicamente pesquisada em uma s&#233;rie consecutiva do mundo real.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref> Descrevemos o caso de um paciente que foi avaliado por angiografia coronariana, tomografia de coer&#234;ncia &#243;ptica (TCO) e teste de vasorreatividade coronariana 5 anos ap&#243;s o implante do BVS.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="cases">
      <title>Relato de caso</title>
      <p>Um homem de 39 anos, ex-fumante, apresentou dor tor&#225;cica at&#237;pica e teste de isquemia inconclusivo. A hist&#243;ria pregressa inclu&#237;a infarto do mioc&#225;rdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (IAMCSST) h&#225; 5 anos, relacionado a doen&#231;a uniarterial tratada com um dispositivo Absorb BVS de 3,5&#215;28 mm no meio da art&#233;ria descendente anterior esquerda (ADA). No tempo presente, o paciente foi submetido a novo cateterismo coron&#225;rio e n&#227;o havia evid&#234;ncias de novas les&#245;es ou reestenose. Em seguida, uma tomografia de coer&#234;ncia &#243;ptica (TCO) foi realizada sobre o segmento da ADA que recebeu o suporte, mostrando o dispositivo Absorb BVS totalmente reabsorvido, com o desenvolvimento de uma camada neo&#237;ntima bem organizada (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">V&#237;deo 1</xref>).</p>
      <fig id="f1">
        <label>Figura 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>(A, B, C) Pontos no tempo da implanta&#231;&#227;o do Absorb-BVS por TCO. (A&#180;, B&#180;, C&#180;) Achados da TCO no seguimento de 5 anos (mesmo corte transversal). Setas brancas apontam marcadores radiopacos de suportes.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-2suppl1-0008-90783-gf01.tif"/></fig>
      <fig id="f2">
        <label>V&#237;deo 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Tomografia de coer&#234;ncia &#243;ptica realizada sobre o segmento de andaime de LAD mostrando Absorb BVS totalmente reabsorvido e uma camada neointimal bem organizada. Acesse o v&#237;deo pelo link: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2021/11601/2019-0783-video1.mp4">http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2021/11601/2019-0783-video1.mp4</ext-link> </title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-2suppl1-0008-90783-gf02.tif"/></fig>
      <p>A vasorreatividade coron&#225;ria foi avaliada com a administra&#231;&#227;o de acetilcolina intracoron&#225;ria. Bolus incrementais de acetilcolina foram infundidos (2<italic>&#181;</italic>g-20<italic>&#181;</italic>g-100<italic>&#181;</italic>g) durante 3 minutos cada um, seguido de avalia&#231;&#227;o eletrocardiogr&#225;fica, hemodin&#226;mica, angiogr&#225;fica e TCO da resposta funcional. Na dose m&#225;xima de acetilcolina, o paciente desenvolveu dor tor&#225;cica e espasmo na ADA &#8211; incluindo o segmento que recebeu o suporte &#8211; conforme observado por ambos, angiografia e TCO (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figura 2</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">V&#237;deo 2</xref>). Finalmente, um bolo intracoron&#225;rio (200<italic>&#181;</italic>g) de nitroglicerina foi administrado para aliviar o espasmo coron&#225;rio e os sintomas. A repeti&#231;&#227;o da angiografia e da TCO confirmou a resposta vasodilatadora.</p>
      <fig id="f3">
        <label>Figura 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>(A, B, C) Imagens basais obtidas por angiografia e TCO. (A&#180;, B&#180;, C&#180;) Achados da angiografia e TCO no mesmo corte transversal ap&#243;s dose m&#225;xima de acetilcolina. As setas coloridas indicam os ramos laterais antes e depois do teste.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-2suppl1-0008-90783-gf03.tif"/></fig>
      <fig id="f4">
        <label>V&#237;deo 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Angiografia coron&#225;ria mostrando um espasmo LAD -incluindo o segmento de andaime- ap&#243;s o pico da dose de acetilcolina. Acesse o v&#237;deo pelo link: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2021/11601/2019-0783-video2.mp4">http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2021/11601/2019-0783-video2.mp4</ext-link> </title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-2suppl1-0008-90783-gf04.tif"/></fig>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <p>As tecnologias de BVS est&#227;o atualmente em destaque no mundo todo devido a uma taxa de eventos adversos de longo prazo maior do que a esperada e ao crescente questionamento quanto &#224; reabsor&#231;&#227;o completa do dispositivo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> Al&#233;m disso, dados baseados em evid&#234;ncias de resultados funcionais em longo prazo dos vasos tratados com BVS ainda s&#227;o escassos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref> De fato, se a vasomo&#231;&#227;o normal <italic>in vivo</italic> &#233; recuperada ou n&#227;o, permanece sem resposta.</p>
      <p>Que seja de nosso conhecimento, este &#233; o primeiro caso que mostra a recupera&#231;&#227;o morfol&#243;gica e funcional de segmentos coron&#225;rios que receberam suporte vascular, 5 anos depois da implanta&#231;&#227;o do dispositivo Absorb BVS em um paciente da vida real. Como j&#225; foi descrito anteriormente, o Absorb BVS &#233; finalmente reabsorvido pelo vaso 5 anos ap&#243;s sua implanta&#231;&#227;o, com o desenvolvimento de uma camada rica em sinais visualizada por TCO no segmento que recebeu o suporte, o que corresponde &#224; neo&#237;ntima e tecido subjacente,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref> Por outro lado, a vasoconstri&#231;&#227;o paradoxal induzida pela acetilcolina e corrigida pela nitroglicerina adiciona informa&#231;&#245;es espec&#237;ficas sobre a recupera&#231;&#227;o funcional das art&#233;rias coron&#225;rias que receberam o suporte, sugerindo que o endot&#233;lio da neo&#237;ntima &#233; sens&#237;vel a est&#237;mulos qu&#237;micos, mas pode apresentar resposta paradoxal em alguns casos.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
      <p>A reabsor&#231;&#227;o total do Absorb BVS foi encontrada no seguimento de 5 anos. Ap&#243;s a reabsor&#231;&#227;o do suporte, parece haver um processo adequado de cicatriza&#231;&#227;o do endot&#233;lio vascular, com restaura&#231;&#227;o das propriedades morfol&#243;gicas e funcionais.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by" id="fn1">
        <p>
          <bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold>
        </p>
        <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
        <p>
          <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o Acad&#234;mica</bold>
        </p>
        <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn3">
        <p>
          <bold>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#201;tica e Consentimento Informado</bold>
        </p>
        <p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica do Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valladolid sob o n&#250;mero de protocolo PI 18-994. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo est&#227;o de acordo com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013. O consentimento informado foi obtido de todos os participantes inclu&#237;dos no estudo.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Case Report</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Coronary Vasoreactivity after Complete Bioresorption of Absorb BVS at 5-Year Follow-Up</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7488-4588</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Goncalves-Ram&#237;rez</surname>
            <given-names>Luis Renier</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gut&#237;errez</surname>
            <given-names>Hip&#243;lito</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Julca</surname>
            <given-names>Fabi&#225;n</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Esca&#241;uela</surname>
            <given-names>Maximiliano Germ&#225;n Amado</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Varvaro</surname>
            <given-names>Gretel</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Amat-Santos</surname>
            <given-names>Ignacio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff5">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Castilla y Le&#243;n</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="ES">Spain</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital de Le&#243;n &#8211; Cardiologia, Le&#243;n - Spain</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff6">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Castilla y Le&#243;n</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="ES">Spain</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valladolid, Castilla y Le&#243;n - Spain</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff7">
          <label>3</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Castilla y Le&#243;n</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="ES">Spain</country>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Castilla y Le&#243;n</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital General de Segovia, Castilla y Le&#243;n - Spain</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff8">
          <label>4</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Castilla y Le&#243;n</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="ES">Spain</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital General de Palencia R&#237;o Carri&#243;n, Castilla y Le&#243;n - Spain</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Luis Renier Goncalves-Ram&#237;rez</bold> &#8226; Hospital de Le&#243;n &#8211; Cardiologia - Altos de Navas Le&#243;n Le&#243;n <postal-code>24071</postal-code> &#8211; Spain. E-mail: <email>luisrenier@hotmail.com</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author Contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Ramirez LRG, Gut&#237;errez H, Amat-Santos I; Acquisition of data: Ramirez LRG, Gut&#237;errez H, Julca F, Amado M, Varvaro G; Analysis and interpretation of the data: Ramirez LRG, Julca F, Amado M; Writing of the manuscript: Ramirez LRG; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Gut&#237;errez H, Varvaro G, Amat-Santos I.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Absorbable Implants/standards</kwd>
        <kwd>Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/methods</kwd>
        <kwd>Tissue Scaffolds/standards</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronary Artery Disease</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial Infarction</kwd>
        <kwd>Recovery of Function</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>Bioresorbable coronary scaffolds have been designed to prevent long-term complications related to permanent implantation of metallic stents. Everolimus-eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffold (Absorb BVS; Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, California) was one of the first bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVS) to be developed. Absorb BVS is a backbone of Poly-L-lactic acid coated with Poly-DL-lactic polymer, which elutes antiproliferative drug everolimus.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> BVS received CE Mark for the treatment of coronary artery disease in January 2011 and it was marketed in most European countries by 2012.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref> Although good outcomes were initially described,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref> recent studies have questioned the safety of the device, suggesting a higher incidence of thrombosis and myocardial infarction.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> Beyond this, structural and functional recovery of scaffolded coronary segments after BVS resorption has not been systematically searched in a consecutive real-world series.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref> We describe a case of a patient who was studied by coronary angiography, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and coronary vasoreactivity test 5-year after BVS implantation.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="cases">
        <title>Case Report</title>
        <p>A 39-year-old man, ex-smoker, presented with atypical chest pain and non-conclusive ischemia test. Past history included a ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) 5 years ago, in relation to a single-vessel disease treated with a 3.5&#215;28mm Absorb BVS into mid left anterior descending (LAD). Now, the patient underwent a new coronary catheterization and there was no evidence of new lesions or restenosis. Then, an optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed over the scaffolded segment of LAD showing fully reabsorbed Absorb BVS with development of a well-organized neointimal layer (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">Figure 1</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">Video 1</xref>).</p>
        <fig id="f5">
          <label>Figure 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>(A, B, C) Absorb-BVS implantation time-point by OCT. (A&#180;, B&#180;, C&#180;) OCT findings at 5-year follow-up (same cross-section). White arrows point radiopaque markers of scaffolds.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-2suppl1-0008-90783-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
        <fig id="f6">
          <label>Video 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Optical coherence tomography performed over the scaffolded segment of LAD showing fully reabsorbed Absorb BVS and a well-organized neointimal layer. Access the video at the link: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2021/11601/2019-0783-video1.mp4">http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2021/11601/2019-0783-video1.mp4</ext-link> </title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-2suppl1-0008-90783-gf02-en.tif"/></fig>
        <p>Coronary vasoreactivity was assessed with administration of intracoronary acetylcholine. Incremental bolus of acetylcholine were infused (2<italic>&#181;</italic>g-20<italic>&#181;</italic>g-100<italic>&#181;</italic>g) for 3 minutes each followed by electrocardiographic, hemodynamic, angiographic and OCT evaluation of the functional response. At peak dose of acetylcholine the patient developed chest pain and LAD spasm -including the scaffolded segment- as observed by both, angiography and OCT <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f7">Figure 2</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f8">Video 2</xref>. Finally, an intracoronary bolus (200<italic>&#181;</italic>g) of nitroglycerin was administered in order to relieve coronary spasm and symptoms. Repeated angiography and OCT confirmed the vasodilator response.</p>
        <fig id="f7">
          <label>Figure 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>(A, B, C) Baseline images obtained by angiography and OCT. (A&#180;, B&#180;, C&#180;) Angiography and OCT findings at the same cross-section after maximum dose of acetylcholine. Color arrows point side-branches before and after testing.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-2suppl1-0008-90783-gf03-en.tif"/></fig>
        <fig id="f8">
          <label>Video 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Coronary angiography showing a LAD spasm -including the scaffolded segment- after peak dose of acetylcholine. Access the video at the link: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2021/11601/2019-0783-video2.mp4">http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2021/11601/2019-0783-video2.mp4</ext-link> </title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-2suppl1-0008-90783-gf04-en.tif"/></fig>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <p>BVS technologies are currently in the spotlight worldwide due to a higher than expected rate of long-term adverse events and growing questions regarding the full resorption of the device.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> Moreover, evidence-based data of long-term functional outcomes of the vessels treated with BVS are still scarce.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref> Indeed, whether <italic>in vivo</italic> normal vasomotion is recovered or not remains unanswered.</p>
        <p>To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case that shows both morphological and functional recovery of scaffolded coronary segments after 5-year of Absorb BVS implantation in a real-life patent. As it has been previously described, Absorb BVS is finally reabsorbed by the vessel 5-year after implantation, with a development of a signal-rich layer seen by OCT into the scaffolded segment, which corresponds to neointima and underlying tissue.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref> On the other hand, paradoxical vasoconstriction induced by acetylcholine and corrected by nitroglycerin adds unique information regarding functional recovery of scaffolded coronary arteries, suggesting that the endothelial from the neointima is sensitive to chemical stimuli but might present paradoxical response in certain cases.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclusion</title>
        <p>Fully resorption of Absorb BVS was found at 5-year follow-up. After scaffold resorption, there seems to be an adequate healing process of the vascular endothelium with restoration of the morphological and functional properties.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by" id="fn4">
          <p>
            <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
          </p>
          <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn5">
          <p>
            <bold>Study Association</bold>
          </p>
          <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn6">
          <p>
            <bold>Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate</bold>
          </p>
          <p>This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valladolid under the protocol number PI 18-994. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
