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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">ktBHdc85HLSWzZh3kDKz4sC</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2021000701139</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20190312</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20190312</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigo Original</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Estudo Comparativo entre Receptores de Desfibriladores Subcut&#226;neos e Transvenosos em Rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; Toler&#226;ncia ao Procedimento de Implante e Percep&#231;&#227;o da Qualidade de Vida</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3636-8312</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Auquilla-Clavijo</surname>
            <given-names>Pablo Esteban</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Calvo-Galiano</surname>
            <given-names>Naiara</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Povar-Echeverr&#237;a</surname>
            <given-names>Marina</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Oloriz-Sanjuan</surname>
            <given-names>Teresa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Diaz-Cortejana</surname>
            <given-names>Francisco</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Asso-Abadia</surname>
            <given-names>Antonio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label> 1 </label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Zaragoza</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="ES">Espanha</country>
        <institution content-type="original"> Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet &#8211; Cardiologia, Zaragoza - Espanha </institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label> 2 </label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Zaragoza</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="ES">Espanha</country>
        <institution content-type="original"> Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet -Medicina Interna, Zaragoza - Espanha </institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01">Correspond&#234;ncia: Pablo Esteban Auquilla Clavijo &#8226; Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet &#8211; Cardiologia - Avenida Isabel La Catolica, 3 Zaragoza &#8211; 50009 &#8211; Espanha E-mail: <email>pabloauq50@hotmail.com</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa, Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados, An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados, An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica e Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Auquilla-Clavijo PE, Calvo-Galiano N, Povar-Echeverr&#237;a M. Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Auquilla-Clavijo PE, Calvo-Galiano N, Povar-Echeverr&#237;a M, Oloriz-Sanjuan T, Diaz-Cortejana F, Asso-Abad&#237;a A.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potencial conflito de interesses</p>
          <p>Os autores declaram n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>14</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>116</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>1139</fpage>
      <lpage>1148</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>21</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2019</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>19</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2019</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>22</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento</title>
          <p>O cardioversor-desfibrilador implant&#225;vel subcut&#226;neo (S-CDI) &#233; uma alternativa segura ao sistema convencional do CDI transvenoso (TV-CDI) para evitar morte s&#250;bita.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivo</title>
          <p>Comparar o impacto do tipo de sistema de CDI e t&#233;cnica cir&#250;rgica na qualidade de vida dos pacientes, bem como a gravidade do desconforto e da dor, entre receptores de S-CDI e TV-CDI.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos</title>
          <p>Pacientes consecutivamente implantados com um sistema S-CDI foram pareados com pacientes com um sistema TV-CDI. Al&#233;m disso, foram inclu&#237;dos os pacientes submetidos ao implante de S-CDI ap&#243;s a remo&#231;&#227;o de um TV-CDI, devido a complica&#231;&#245;es. Foram avaliadas a qualidade de vida (medida com o question&#225;rio de sa&#250;de de 12 itens) e a gravidade da dor e desconforto. Signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica foi definida como p &lt; 0,05.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados</title>
          <p>Foram analisados 64 pacientes implantados com S-CDI ou TV-CDI sob anestesia local e seda&#231;&#227;o consciente. Pacientes com sistemas S-CDI e TV-CDI n&#227;o diferiram significativamente nos escores de qualidade de vida. Os pacientes com S-CDI apresentaram maior n&#237;vel de dor peri-operat&#243;ria; nenhuma diferen&#231;a foi encontrada em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; gravidade da dor intra-operat&#243;ria. A magnitude do desconforto est&#233;tico e dos dist&#250;rbios do sono n&#227;o diferiu entre os grupos.O S-CDI foi implantado em 7 pacientes adicionais ap&#243;s a remo&#231;&#227;o de um TV-CDI. Todos exceto um desses pacientes recomendaram o sistema S-CDI.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#245;es</title>
          <p>O tipo de sistema de CDI e a t&#233;cnica cir&#250;rgica t&#234;m impacto insignificante na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Estes resultados sugerem que a seda&#231;&#227;o consciente, fornecida por uma equipe experiente de eletrofisiologia, pode ser considerada uma alternativa &#224; anestesia geral para o manejo de pacientes submetidos ao implante de S-CDI.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Desfibriladores Implant&#225;veis</kwd>
        <kwd>Desfibriladores Implant&#225;veis Subcut&#226;neos</kwd>
        <kwd>Estudo Comparativo</kwd>
        <kwd>Seda&#231;&#227;o Consciente</kwd>
        <kwd>Qualidade de Vida</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="16"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="29"/>
        <page-count count="10"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>A morte s&#250;bita card&#237;aca (MSC) de origem arr&#237;tmica &#233; a principal causa de mortalidade cardiovascular. A efic&#225;cia do cardioversor-desfibrilador implant&#225;vel (CDI) para reduzir a mortalidade por MSC em popula&#231;&#245;es selecionadas tem sido amplamente demonstrada em diversos ensaios cl&#237;nicos. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Os sistemas convencionais de desfibrilador consistem em um gerador de pulso localizado na &#225;rea peitoral, conectado ao endoc&#225;rdio por meio de eletrodos transvenosos. Este tipo de dispositivo &#233;, portanto, sujeito a complica&#231;&#245;es inerentes ao mecanismo de implanta&#231;&#227;o e &#224; posi&#231;&#227;o intravascular dos eletrodos.</p>
      <p>Devido aos problemas de acesso ao cora&#231;&#227;o pelo sistema venoso e ao potencial para complica&#231;&#245;es, foi desenvolvido o cardioversor-desfibrilador implant&#225;vel subcut&#226;neo (S-CDI, Boston Scientific, Natick, MA, EUA). Este sistema consiste em um gerador (S-ICD <sup>&#174;</sup> , EMBLEM MRI S-ICD A219, Boston Scientific) conectado a um eletrodo (3401, Boston Scientific) localizado subcutaneamente em posi&#231;&#227;o paraesternal, geralmente &#224; esquerda. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> As diretrizes cl&#237;nicas atuais incluem o S-CDI, com indica&#231;&#227;o de Classe IIa, como alternativa ao CDI transvenoso (TV-CDI) convencional em pacientes que n&#227;o requerem antibradicardia, antitaquicardia ou terapia de ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o. Ele tamb&#233;m possui indica&#231;&#227;o de Classe IIb em pacientes sem acesso venoso, ap&#243;s a remo&#231;&#227;o de um sistema transvenoso devido a infec&#231;&#227;o, e em pacientes jovens que t&#234;m necessidade vital&#237;cia de terapia baseada em dispositivo. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Tem sido relatada uma taxa limitada de complica&#231;&#245;es relacionadas ao implante. Al&#233;m disso, embora n&#227;o existam estudos comparativos randomizados de S-CDI versus TV-CDI at&#233; o momento, os dados dispon&#237;veis mostram que o S-CDI &#233; um dispositivo muito eficaz para a detec&#231;&#227;o e o tratamento de arritmias ventriculares malignas. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
      <p>O uso de S-CDI na Espanha &#233; cada vez mais aceito pelas sociedades cient&#237;ficas. No estudo de Arias et al., <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> de 2017, em um centro espanhol, foi poss&#237;vel obter excelentes resultados agudos e de longo prazo em uma coorte de 50 pacientes com S-CDI. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> O mais recente registro espanhol de implante de CDI, em 2017, indica um aumento progressivo nos implantes de S-CDI de 2,5% em 2015 para 5,3% em 2017. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> O custo mais elevado do S-CDI em rela&#231;&#227;o ao TV-CDI pode ser um dos motivos que a ado&#231;&#227;o desse dispositivo tem sido lenta, apesar de seu design revolucion&#225;rio. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> O desenvolvimento de estudos multic&#234;ntricos para apoiar estes resultados <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> nos permitiria ampliar a utiliza&#231;&#227;o do dispositivo.</p>
      <p>Em termos da influ&#234;ncia do implante de CDI na qualidade de vida, a literatura apresenta evid&#234;ncias contradit&#243;rias. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup> Enquanto as experi&#234;ncias iniciais de CDI foram associadas a pior qualidade de vida, estudos mais recentes demonstraram qualidade de vida, pelo menos, compar&#225;vel a de pacientes da popula&#231;&#227;o geral, sem CDI. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup> Foi publicado recentemente o &#250;nico estudo que avaliou e comparou a qualidade de vida em pacientes com TV-CDI versus S-CDI. Houve uma melhora na qualidade de vida em ambos os grupos de pacientes, conforme medido pela pesquisa de sa&#250;de SF-12, e nenhuma diferen&#231;a significativa foi observada entre os grupos. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup></p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Objetivo</title>
      <p>O objetivo do nosso estudo foi o de comparar a qualidade de vida percebida, bem como a intensidade da dor e do desconforto, decorrente da t&#233;cnica cir&#250;rgica e do tipo de dispositivo, entre uma popula&#231;&#227;o de pacientes que receberam S-CDI e um grupo controle que recebeu TV-CDI convencional.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>M&#233;todos</title>
      <p>Foram consecutivamente inscritos todos os pacientes implantados com S-CDI em nosso hospital de 2014 a 2016. Os pacientes foram pareados por idade, sexo e &#237;ndice de massa corporal com uma amostra de pacientes submetidos ao primeiro implante de TV-CDI de c&#226;mara &#250;nica, sem indica&#231;&#227;o de terapia antibradicardia ou estimula&#231;&#227;o de antitaquicardia, durante o mesmo per&#237;odo. Os pacientes previamente implantados com TV-CDI de c&#226;mara &#250;nica, que estavam recebendo S-CDI ap&#243;s a remo&#231;&#227;o do sistema transvenoso devido a uma complica&#231;&#227;o, formaram seu pr&#243;prio grupo controle.</p>
      <p>O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica do nosso hospital.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Procedimento de implante do CDI</title>
        <p>Em todos os casos, antes de considerar o implante de qualquer um dos dispositivos, foi realizada educa&#231;&#227;o em sa&#250;de sobre as consequ&#234;ncias f&#237;sicas e psicol&#243;gicas que o dispositivo poderia causar em cada paciente.</p>
        <p>Foram realizados todos os implantes no laborat&#243;rio de eletrofisiologia pela mesma equipe m&#233;dica e de enfermagem.</p>
        <p>Antes do implante, todos os pacientes receberam antibi&#243;ticos intravenosos profil&#225;ticos. O implante ocorreu sem a retirada de medica&#231;&#227;o anticoagulante oral, exceto nos casos de baixo risco tromboemb&#243;lico (CHADS-VASc &lt; 2).</p>
        <p>Os par&#226;metros hemodin&#226;micos (press&#227;o arterial, frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca e satura&#231;&#227;o arterial de oxig&#234;nio) foram monitorados de forma n&#227;o invasiva durante o procedimento.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Procedimento de implante do CDI subcut&#226;neo</title>
        <p>Todos os pacientes foram aprovados no teste de triagem de ECG pr&#233;-implante de CDI em pelo menos uma deriva&#231;&#227;o na regi&#227;o paraesternal direita ou esquerda. O procedimento ocorreu sob anestesia local e seda&#231;&#227;o, de acordo com um protocolo de seda&#231;&#227;o consciente ( <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref> ). Este foi adaptado de um protocolo de seda&#231;&#227;o <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref></sup> previamente descrito, que &#233; usado rotineiramente em nosso hospital para realizar procedimentos intervencionistas complexos.</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t1">
            <label>Tabela 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Protocolo para seda&#231;&#227;o consciente durante o implante de S-CDI</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Pr&#233;-medica&#231;&#227;o: Administrado na chegada ao laborat&#243;rio de eletrofisiologia, enquanto o paciente est&#225; sendo monitorado:</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <list list-type="bullet">
                      <list-item>
                        <p>
                          <bold>Ondansetron 8 mg</bold>
                        </p>
                      </list-item>
                    </list>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <list list-type="bullet">
                      <list-item>
                        <p>
                          <bold>Paracetamol 1 g</bold>
                        </p>
                      </list-item>
                    </list>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <list list-type="bullet">
                      <list-item>
                        <p>
                          <bold>Midazolam 1 mg</bold>
                        </p>
                      </list-item>
                    </list>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <list list-type="bullet">
                      <list-item>
                        <p>
                          <bold>Petidina 25 mg</bold>
                        </p>
                      </list-item>
                    </list>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <list list-type="bullet">
                      <list-item>
                        <p>
                          <bold>Bomba de infus&#227;o cont&#237;nua: 0,30 mg fentanil (2 ampolas) + 120 cc solu&#231;&#227;o salina fisiol&#243;gica</bold>
                        </p>
                      </list-item>
                    </list>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Se &lt; 65 kg: 30 ml/h</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Se &gt; 65 kg: 40 ml/h</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Durante o procedimento:</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Doses &#250;nicas de midazolam ou fentanil em bolus sob demanda</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Medica&#231;&#227;o do teste de desfibrila&#231;&#227;o (com a bomba de infus&#227;o de fentanil parada):</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <list list-type="bullet">
                      <list-item>
                        <p>3-5 mg bolus de etomidato</p>
                      </list-item>
                    </list>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <list list-type="bullet">
                      <list-item>
                        <p>3-5 mg bolus de midazolam</p>
                      </list-item>
                    </list>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Media&#231;&#227;o de resgate preparada:</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <list list-type="bullet">
                      <list-item>
                        <p>Atropina</p>
                      </list-item>
                    </list>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <list list-type="bullet">
                      <list-item>
                        <p>Naloxona</p>
                      </list-item>
                    </list>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <list list-type="bullet">
                      <list-item>
                        <p>Flumazenil</p>
                      </list-item>
                    </list>
                  </td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>A t&#233;cnica de implante do S-CDI foi conforme descrito anteriormente. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref></sup> Em todos os casos, o gerador foi inserido no quinto ou sexto espa&#231;o intercostal esquerdo, e o eletrodo de desfibrila&#231;&#227;o foi posicionado na regi&#227;o paraesternal direita ou esquerda, dependendo dos resultados ou achados do teste de triagem durante o procedimento de implante. Foi utilizada a t&#233;cnica de duas incis&#245;es em todos os casos. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Ao final do procedimento, foi realizado teste de desfibrila&#231;&#227;o e foram programadas duas zonas de choque com frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca m&#237;nima de 200 bpm.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Procedimento de implante do CDI transvenoso</title>
        <p>O implante foi realizado sob anestesia local e leve seda&#231;&#227;o sob demanda. Atrav&#233;s da veia subcl&#225;via esquerda, um eletrodo de desfibrila&#231;&#227;o de bobina &#250;nica de fixa&#231;&#227;o ativa foi conectado ao &#225;pice do ventr&#237;culo direito. O gerador foi inserido por via subcut&#226;nea na regi&#227;o infraclavicular esquerda. Nenhum paciente foi submetido a teste de desfibrila&#231;&#227;o. Os dispositivos foram programados no modo VVI com frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca m&#237;nima de 40 bpm. A programa&#231;&#227;o terap&#234;utica dos dispositivos foi feita de forma individualizada, de acordo com a indica&#231;&#227;o do implante de CDI e o tipo de doen&#231;a card&#237;aca.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Acompanhamento</title>
        <p>O acompanhamento consistiu em visitas ao local ap&#243;s 15 dias, 3 meses e, em seguida, a cada 6 meses ap&#243;s o implante. Foram registradas as complica&#231;&#245;es intra-operat&#243;rias, peri-operat&#243;rias e de longo prazo, assim como a ocorr&#234;ncia de terapia apropriada ou inadequada.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Question&#225;rios sobre qualidade de vida e satisfa&#231;&#227;o/desconforto com o tipo de sistema</title>
        <p>Pelo menos 3 meses ap&#243;s o implante do sistema, foi realizada uma pesquisa por telefone. Isso incluiu dois question&#225;rios: 1) o question&#225;rio de sa&#250;de de 12 itens, vers&#227;o abreviada (SF-12, sigla em ingl&#234;s) e 2) um question&#225;rio especificamente elaborado para comparar a gravidade de dor/desconforto relacionada ao tipo de sistema e &#224; t&#233;cnica cir&#250;rgica (ICD QoL, sigla em ingl&#234;s) (Materiais Suplementares 1 e 2).</p>
        <p>Os question&#225;rios foram aplicados por telefone pelo mesmo investigador, que era cego ao tipo de sistema implantado.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>SF-12</title>
          <p>O question&#225;rio SF-12 consiste em um subconjunto de 12 itens do SF-36, selecionados por meio de regress&#227;o m&#250;ltipla. Os resumos dos componentes f&#237;sicos e mentais da qualidade de vida dos pacientes foram elaborados com base nesses itens.</p>
          <p>As op&#231;&#245;es de resposta do SF-12 est&#227;o na forma de escalas de Likert que avaliam a intensidade ou a frequ&#234;ncia. O n&#250;mero de op&#231;&#245;es de resposta varia de 3 a 6, dependendo do item, e cada pergunta recebe um valor que &#233; posteriormente transformado em uma escala de 0 a 100. As pontua&#231;&#245;es t&#234;m uma m&#233;dia de 50 com um desvio padr&#227;o de 10. Portanto, os valores acima ou abaixo de 50 indicam melhor ou pior estado de sa&#250;de, respectivamente, do que a popula&#231;&#227;o de refer&#234;ncia. Estudos publicados sobre as caracter&#237;sticas da medi&#231;&#227;o do SF-12 indicam a sua confiabilidade, validade e sensibilidade (alfa de Cronbach &gt; 0,7; coeficiente de correla&#231;&#227;o intraclasse para reprodutibilidade teste-reteste rho &#8805; 0,75). <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref></sup></p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>ICD QoL</title>
          <p>O question&#225;rio ICD QoL consistiu-se de 8 itens que avaliam a intensidade da dor (intra-, peri- e p&#243;s-procedimento e dor de longa dura&#231;&#227;o), grau de desconforto est&#233;tico, limita&#231;&#245;es &#224;s atividades de vida di&#225;ria e de lazer, limita&#231;&#245;es f&#237;sicas do sono devido ao potencial desconforto causado pela compress&#227;o mec&#226;nica pelo dispositivo e satisfa&#231;&#227;o do paciente. Todos os par&#226;metros do question&#225;rio foram medidos em uma escala num&#233;rica de classifica&#231;&#227;o de gravidade de 0 a 10. A dor foi definida da maneira seguinte: dor intra-procedimento como dor sofrida durante a interven&#231;&#227;o; dor peri-operat&#243;ria como dor ocorrida durante a interna&#231;&#227;o; dor p&#243;s-procedimento como dor dentro de 3 meses ap&#243;s a alta; e dor de longa dura&#231;&#227;o como dor de 3 meses ap&#243;s o implante at&#233; o momento da pesquisa. A intensidade da dor foi medida por meio da escala de avalia&#231;&#227;o num&#233;rica, em que 0 significa &#8220;sem dor&#8221; e 10 significa &#8220;pior dor imagin&#225;vel&#8221;. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref></sup></p>
          <p>Os sete pacientes com S-CDI que tamb&#233;m tiveram um TV-CDI no passado responderam ao question&#225;rio para ambos os tipos de CDI. Esses pacientes tamb&#233;m foram questionados sobre qual dos dois tipos de CDI eles recomendariam.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
      <p>As vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas s&#227;o expressas por meio de estat&#237;sticas de tend&#234;ncia central e <italic>spread</italic> (m&#233;dia e desvio padr&#227;o para vari&#225;veis normalmente distribu&#237;das; mediana e intervalo interquartil para vari&#225;veis n&#227;o param&#233;tricas). Os testes de normalidade foram realizados com o teste de Lilliefors (Kolmogorov-Smirnov). As vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas s&#227;o expressas como porcentagens.</p>
      <p>Para comparar as caracter&#237;sticas gerais de ambos os grupos, usamos o teste do qui-quadrado para vari&#225;veis qualitativas dicot&#244;micas, o teste t de Student para amostras independentes para vari&#225;veis quantitativas param&#233;tricas (assumindo vari&#226;ncias iguais em todos os casos porque o teste de Levene foi &gt; 0,05) e o teste U de Mann-Whitney para vari&#225;veis n&#227;o param&#233;tricas. Signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica foi definida como p &lt; 0,05.</p>
      <p>Foi utilizado o teste U de Mann-Whitney para comparar os resultados do question&#225;rio SF-12, enquanto os resultados do ICD QoL foram comparados por meio do teste do qui-quadrado.</p>
      <p>Foram realizados os c&#225;lculos com o pacote estat&#237;stico SPSS (Vers&#227;o 19, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, EUA).</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Resultados</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Caracter&#237;sticas de linha de base</title>
        <p>Foram inscritos 71 pacientes com CDI. As suas caracter&#237;sticas s&#227;o apresentadas na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Tabela 2</xref> . Em total, 64 pacientes foram submetidos ao primeiro implante de S-CDI ou TV-CDI. Nos outros 7 pacientes, um S-CDI foi implantado ap&#243;s a remo&#231;&#227;o de um TV-CDI. Os motivos da remo&#231;&#227;o do sistema transvenoso foram endocardite, infec&#231;&#227;o da bolsa, &#250;lcera por press&#227;o e deslocamento do eletrodo ( <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Tabela 3</xref> ). N&#227;o foram encontradas diferen&#231;as significativas nas caracter&#237;sticas de linha de base dos pacientes de acordo com o tipo de sistema implantado. A m&#233;dia de idade foi de 53 anos (m&#237;nimo 13; m&#225;ximo 76) e 80% dos pacientes eram do sexo masculino. A doen&#231;a card&#237;aca de base mais comum foi doen&#231;a isqu&#234;mica (37%), seguida de cardiomiopatia hipertr&#243;fica (20%). Na maioria dos casos (56%), o sistema foi implantado como preven&#231;&#227;o prim&#225;ria de MSC.</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t2">
            <label>Tabela 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Caracter&#237;sticas de linha de base dos pacientes</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                  <th>Geral N=71</th>
                  <th>TV-CDI</th>
                  <th>S-CDI</th>
                  <th>Valor p</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Idade (anos)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">53 &#177; 11 <sup>a</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">52 &#177; 10,3 <sup>a</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">50,8 &#177; 10,6 <sup>a</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">p=0,869 <sup>b</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Sexo masculino (%)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">62 (79,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">31 (80)</td>
                  <td align="center">31 (80)</td>
                  <td align="center">p=1 <sup>c</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>&#205;ndice de massa corporal</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">24,8 &#177; 4,6 <sup>a</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">25,8 &#177; 3,7 <sup>a</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">25,6 &#177; 4,3 <sup>a</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">p=0,876 <sup>b</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Tipo de preven&#231;&#227;o (%)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">p=0,648 <sup>c</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Prim&#225;rio</td>
                  <td align="center">44 (56,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">23 (59)</td>
                  <td align="center">21 (53,8)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Secund&#225;rio</td>
                  <td align="center">34 (43,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">16 (41)</td>
                  <td align="center">18 (46,2)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Tipo de doen&#231;a card&#237;aca (%)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">p=0,319 <sup>c</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Isqu&#234;mica</td>
                  <td align="center">29 (37,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">14 (35,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">15 (38,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">p=0,319 <sup>c</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Valvular</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (2,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (2,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (2,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">p=0,319 <sup>c</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Dilatada idiop&#225;tica</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (7,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">4 (10,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (5,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">p=0,319 <sup>c</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Hipertr&#243;fica</td>
                  <td align="center">16 (20,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">5 (12,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">11 (28,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">p=0,319 <sup>c</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>N&#227;o compactada</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (7,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (7,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (7,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">p=0,319 <sup>c</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Brugada</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (2,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (2,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (2,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">p=0,319 <sup>c</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>QT prolongado</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (7,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (5,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">4 (10,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">p=0,319 <sup>c</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Cong&#234;nita</td>
                  <td align="center">5 (6,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">5 (12,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">p=0,319 <sup>c</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Desconhecida</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (7,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">4 (10,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (5,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">p=0,319 <sup>c</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o (%)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">46 &#177; 30 <sup>a</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">45,8 &#177; 14,8 <sup>a</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">44,8 &#177; 16 <sup>a</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">p=0,867 <sup>b</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Ritmo durante implante (%)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">p=0,867 <sup>c</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Sinusal</td>
                  <td align="center">70 (90)</td>
                  <td align="center">35 (89,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">35 (89,7)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial</td>
                  <td align="center">8 (10)</td>
                  <td align="center">4 (10,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">4 (10,3)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Tx antiplaquet&#225;ria (%)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">31 (39,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">15 (38,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">16 (41)</td>
                  <td align="center">p=0,817 <sup>c</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Tx anticoagulante (%)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">14 (19,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">7 (17,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">7 (17,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">p=1 <sup>c</sup></td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN1">
                <p>
                  <italic>Tx: terapia;</italic>
                  <sup>
                    <italic>a</italic>
                  </sup>
                  <italic>M&#233;dia e desvio padr&#227;o;</italic>
                  <sup>
                    <italic>b</italic>
                  </sup>
                  <italic>Teste d de Student para amostras independentes;</italic>
                  <sup>
                    <italic>c</italic>
                  </sup>
                  <italic>Teste do qui-quadrado.</italic>
                </p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t3">
            <label>Tabela 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Motivos para remo&#231;&#227;o do TV-CDI</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Motivos para substitui&#231;&#227;o</th>
                  <th>N (%)</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>Endocardite</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (28,6)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Infec&#231;&#227;o de bolsa recorrente</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (28,6)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Fratura de eletrodo</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (28,6)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Dec&#250;bito de bolsa</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (14,3)</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Acompanhamento</title>
        <p>Os resultados do acompanhamento dos pacientes est&#227;o resumidos na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Tabela 4</xref> . Em termos de complica&#231;&#245;es peri-operat&#243;rias, um paciente do grupo S-CDI apresentou hematoma de bolsa que exigiu drenagem cir&#250;rgica. Um paciente do grupo TV-CDI apresentou deslocamento do eletrodo como complica&#231;&#227;o durante o acompanhamento.</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t4">
            <label>Tabela 4</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Acompanhamento dos pacientes</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Complica&#231;&#245;es</th>
                  <th>Geral</th>
                  <th>TV-CDI</th>
                  <th>S-CDI</th>
                  <th>Valor p</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>Complica&#231;&#245;es peri-operat&#243;rias (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (1,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (2,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">p=0,314 <sup>a</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Pneumot&#243;rax</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Derrame peric&#225;rdico</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Hematoma de bolsa</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (1,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (2,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">p=0,152 <sup>a</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Complica&#231;&#245;es durante acompanhamento (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (1,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (2,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">p=0,152 <sup>a</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Infec&#231;&#227;o de bolsa</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Endocardite infecciosa</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Trombose venosa</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Deslocamento de eletrodo</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (1,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (2,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">p=0,314 <sup>a</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Dec&#250;bito de bolsa</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Terapia</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Terapia apropriada (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">11 (14,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">9 (23,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (5,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">p=0,023</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>ATP</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (2,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (5,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Choque</td>
                  <td align="center">9 (11,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">7 (17,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (5,1)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Terapia inapropriada (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (2,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (2,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (2,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">p=1 <sup>a</sup></td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN2">
                <p>
                  <italic>ATP: estimula&#231;&#227;o de antitaquicardia. <sup>a</sup> Teste do qui-quadrado.</italic>
                </p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>Dois pacientes com S-CDI e 9 com TV-CDI receberam terapia apropriada (2 casos foram tratados com estimula&#231;&#227;o de antitaquicardia e choque el&#233;trico foi necess&#225;rio em 7 casos). Um paciente com TV-CDI recebeu terapia inadequada por causa do deslocamento do eletrodo ventricular. Outro paciente, com S-CDI, sofreu um choque inadequado devido a taquicardia supraventricular com frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca acima do n&#237;vel de corte terap&#234;utico (240 bpm).</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Question&#225;rios</title>
        <p>A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Tabela 5</xref> mostra os resultados obtidos do question&#225;rio ICD QoL em pacientes implantados pela primeira vez. N&#227;o foram encontradas diferen&#231;as significativas nas avalia&#231;&#245;es em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; dor intra-operat&#243;ria de acordo com o tipo de sistema implantado. No entanto, os pacientes implantados com S-CDI apresentaram dor peri-operat&#243;ria mais intensa. N&#227;o foram encontradas diferen&#231;as significativas entre os dois tipos de sistema em termos de dist&#250;rbios do sono, embora tenha havido uma tend&#234;ncia de sono mais perturbado entre os receptores de S-CDI. Na maioria dos pacientes, esses dist&#250;rbios foram de gravidade baixa a moderada. Da mesma forma, n&#227;o houve diferen&#231;as significativas nas atividades di&#225;rias ou no desconforto est&#233;tico. Todos os pacientes, independentemente do sistema implantado, estavam satisfeitos com a interven&#231;&#227;o e disseram que recomendariam o dispositivo a outros pacientes eleg&#237;veis.</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t5">
            <label>Tabela 5</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Resultados do question&#225;rio ICD QoL em pacientes implantados com primeiro CDI</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                  <th>Subcut&#226;neo N=32</th>
                  <th>Transvenoso N=32</th>
                  <th>Valor p</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Dor intra-operat&#243;ria</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">p=0,073 <sup>a</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Nenhuma dor</td>
                  <td align="center">23 (74,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">21 (65,6)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Leve</td>
                  <td align="center">5 (16,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (9,4)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Moderada</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">5 (15,6)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Intensa</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (9,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (3,1)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Muito intensa</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (6,3)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Dor peri-operat&#243;ria</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">p=0,005 <sup>a</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Nenhuma dor</td>
                  <td align="center">9 (29)</td>
                  <td align="center">15 (46,9)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Leve</td>
                  <td align="center">5 (16,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">12 (37,5)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Moderada</td>
                  <td align="center">7 (22,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">5 (15,6)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Intensa</td>
                  <td align="center">9 (29)</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Muito intensa</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (3,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Dor p&#243;s-operat&#243;ria</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">p=0,170 <sup>a</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Nenhuma dor</td>
                  <td align="center">13 (41,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">22 (68,8)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Leve</td>
                  <td align="center">10 (32,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (18,8)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Moderada</td>
                  <td align="center">5 (16,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">4 (12,5)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Intensa</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (3,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Muito intensa</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (6,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Dor atual</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">p=0,087 <sup>a</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Nenhuma dor</td>
                  <td align="center">27 (87,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">26 (81,3)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Leve</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (3,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (18,8)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Moderada</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (6,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Intensa</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Muito intensa</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (3,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Desconforto est&#233;tico</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">p=0,683 <sup>a</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Nenhum</td>
                  <td align="center">20 (64,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">21 (65,6)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Leve</td>
                  <td align="center">7 (22,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (18,8)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Moderado</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (9,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (6,3)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Muito</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (6,3)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Extremo</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (3,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (3,1)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Atividades da vida di&#225;ria limitadas</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">p=0,080 <sup>a</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Nenhuma</td>
                  <td align="center">22 (71)</td>
                  <td align="center">22 (68,8)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Poucas</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (3,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">7 (21,9)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Moderadas</td>
                  <td align="center">5 (16,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (6,3)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Muitas</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (9,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (3,1)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Extremas</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Dist&#250;rbio do sono</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">p=0,232 <sup>a</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Nenhum</td>
                  <td align="center">13 (41,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">21 (65,6)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Leve</td>
                  <td align="center">10 (32,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">8 (25)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Moderado</td>
                  <td align="center">5 (16,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (9,4)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Grave</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (6,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Muito grave</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (3,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Recomendaria para outros</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Sim</td>
                  <td align="center">31 (100)</td>
                  <td align="center">32 (100)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>N&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Satisfeito com a interven&#231;&#227;o</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Sim</td>
                  <td align="center">31 (100)</td>
                  <td align="center">32 (100)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>N&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN3">
                <p>
                  <italic><sup>a</sup> Teste do qui-quadrado.</italic>
                </p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>Os resultados obtidos com o question&#225;rio SF-12 s&#227;o apresentados na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Tabela 6</xref> . Valores semelhantes foram registrados em ambos os grupos, com medianas de 44,3 &#177; 12,8 para o grupo S-CDI e 48,8 &#177; 9,8 para o grupo TV-CDI na escala de sa&#250;de f&#237;sica. A escala de sa&#250;de mental apresentou medianas de 45,9 &#177; 13,7 para o S-CDI e 50,8 &#177; 10,3 para o TV-CDI.</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t6">
            <label>Tabela 6</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Resultados do question&#225;rio SF-12 em pacientes implantados com primeiro CDI</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left" rowspan="3" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                  <th colspan="4">Subcut&#226;neo N=32</th>
                  <th colspan="4">Transvenoso N=32</th>
                  <th rowspan="3">Valor p</th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th colspan="8" rowspan="1">
                    <hr/>
                  </th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th>Mediana</th>
                  <th>IIQ</th>
                  <th>M&#237;nimo</th>
                  <th>M&#225;ximo</th>
                  <th>Mediana</th>
                  <th>IIQ</th>
                  <th>M&#237;nimo</th>
                  <th>M&#225;ximo</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>Escala de sa&#250;de f&#237;sica</td>
                  <td align="center">44,3</td>
                  <td align="center">12,8</td>
                  <td align="center">27,4</td>
                  <td align="center">56,7</td>
                  <td align="center">48,8</td>
                  <td align="center">9,8</td>
                  <td align="center">31,6</td>
                  <td align="center">62,6</td>
                  <td align="center">p=0,302 <sup>a</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Escala de sa&#250;de mental</td>
                  <td align="center">45,9</td>
                  <td align="center">13,7</td>
                  <td align="center">26,3</td>
                  <td align="center">56,8</td>
                  <td align="center">50,8</td>
                  <td align="center">10,3</td>
                  <td align="center">18,7</td>
                  <td align="center">55,5</td>
                  <td align="center">p=0,345 <sup>a</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Escala de fun&#231;&#227;o f&#237;sica</td>
                  <td align="center">47,9</td>
                  <td align="center">17,2</td>
                  <td align="center">22,1</td>
                  <td align="center">56,5</td>
                  <td align="center">56,5</td>
                  <td align="center">15,1</td>
                  <td align="center">22,1</td>
                  <td align="center">56,5</td>
                  <td align="center">p=0,099 <sup>a</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Escala de limita&#231;&#227;o f&#237;sica</td>
                  <td align="center">29,5</td>
                  <td align="center">9,2</td>
                  <td align="center">20,3</td>
                  <td align="center">29,5</td>
                  <td align="center">29,5</td>
                  <td align="center">9,2</td>
                  <td align="center">20,3</td>
                  <td align="center">29,5</td>
                  <td align="center">p=0,656 <sup>a</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Escala de dor</td>
                  <td align="center">57,4</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">16,7</td>
                  <td align="center">57,4</td>
                  <td align="center">57,4</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">37,1</td>
                  <td align="center">57,4</td>
                  <td align="center">p=0,150 <sup>a</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Escala de sa&#250;de geral</td>
                  <td align="center">44,7</td>
                  <td align="center">10,8</td>
                  <td align="center">18,9</td>
                  <td align="center">62</td>
                  <td align="center">55,5</td>
                  <td align="center">10,8</td>
                  <td align="center">18,9</td>
                  <td align="center">62</td>
                  <td align="center">p=0,354 <sup>a</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Escala de vitalidade</td>
                  <td align="center">57,8</td>
                  <td align="center">30,2</td>
                  <td align="center">17,6</td>
                  <td align="center">67,9</td>
                  <td align="center">67,9</td>
                  <td align="center">20,2</td>
                  <td align="center">27,6</td>
                  <td align="center">67,9</td>
                  <td align="center">p=0,157 <sup>a</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Escala de limita&#231;&#227;o emocional</td>
                  <td align="center">56,6</td>
                  <td align="center">9,2</td>
                  <td align="center">16,2</td>
                  <td align="center">56,6</td>
                  <td align="center">56,6</td>
                  <td align="center">10,1</td>
                  <td align="center">26,3</td>
                  <td align="center">56,6</td>
                  <td align="center">p=0,317 <sup>a</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Escala de fun&#231;&#227;o social</td>
                  <td align="center">22,5</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">11,3</td>
                  <td align="center">22,5</td>
                  <td align="center">22,5</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">11,3</td>
                  <td align="center">22,5</td>
                  <td align="center">p=0,263 <sup>a</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Escala de sa&#250;de mental 2</td>
                  <td align="center">64,5</td>
                  <td align="center">18,3</td>
                  <td align="center">21,9</td>
                  <td align="center">70,6</td>
                  <td align="center">64,5</td>
                  <td align="center">18,3</td>
                  <td align="center">21,9</td>
                  <td align="center">70,6</td>
                  <td align="center">p=0,163 <sup>a</sup></td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN4">
                <p>
                  <italic>IIQ: Intervalo interquartil. <sup>a</sup> Teste U de Mann-Whitney.</italic>
                </p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>As <xref ref-type="table" rid="t7">Tabelas 7</xref> e <xref ref-type="table" rid="t8">8</xref> mostram os resultados dos question&#225;rios ICD QoL e SF-12, respectivamente, em pacientes implantados com S-CDI ap&#243;s a remo&#231;&#227;o de um sistema transvenoso. Em termos de avalia&#231;&#245;es da dor intra-operat&#243;ria, nenhum paciente no grupo S-CDI relatou dor, em compara&#231;&#227;o com 57% que relataram dor com os sistemas transvenosos. Essa dor foi moderadamente forte, no m&#225;ximo. N&#227;o foram encontradas diferen&#231;as estatisticamente significativas na dor peri-operat&#243;ria, p&#243;s-operat&#243;ria ou de longo prazo. Da mesma forma, n&#227;o houve diferen&#231;as entre os tipos de CDI em rela&#231;&#227;o aos dist&#250;rbios do sono ou ao grau de desconforto est&#233;tico. Todos os pacientes ficaram satisfeitos com a interven&#231;&#227;o e recomendariam a implanta&#231;&#227;o do dispositivo, se necess&#225;rio. Quando questionados sobre qual tipo de CDI eles recomendariam, todos, exceto um, preferiram o sistema subcut&#226;neo.</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t7">
            <label>Tabela 7</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Resultados do question&#225;rio ICD QoL em pacientes implantados com S-CDI ap&#243;s a remo&#231;&#227;o de um TV-CDI</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                  <th>Subcut&#226;neo N=7</th>
                  <th>Transvenoso N=7</th>
                  <th>Valor p</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Dor intra-operat&#243;ria</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">P=1 <sup>a</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Nenhuma dor</td>
                  <td align="center">7 (100)</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (42,9)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Leve</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (28,6)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Moderada</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (28,6)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Intensa</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Muito intensa</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Dor peri-operat&#243;ria</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">p=0,224 <sup>a</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Nenhuma dor</td>
                  <td align="center">4 (57,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">4 (57,1)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Leve</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (28,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (14,3)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Moderada</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (14,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (28,6)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Intensa</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Muito intensa</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Dor p&#243;s-operat&#243;ria</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">p=0,659 <sup>a</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Nenhuma dor</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (87,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (87,1)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Leve</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (14,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (14,3)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Moderada</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Intensa</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Muito intensa</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Dor atual</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">p=0,659 <sup>a</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Nenhuma dor</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (87,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (87,1)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Leve</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (14,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (14,3)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Moderada</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Intensa</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Muito intensa</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Desconforto est&#233;tico</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">p=0,717 <sup>a</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Nenhum</td>
                  <td align="center">5 (71,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">4 (57,1)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Leve</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (14,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (28,6)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Moderado</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (14,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (14,3)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Muito</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Extremo</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Atividades da vida di&#225;ria limitadas</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">p=0,427 <sup>a</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Nenhuma</td>
                  <td align="center">5 (71,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">5 (71,4)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Poucas</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (28,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (28,6)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Moderadas</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Muitas</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Extremas</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Dist&#250;rbio do sono</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">p=0,350 <sup>a</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Nenhum</td>
                  <td align="center">5 (71,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">4 (57,1)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Leve</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Moderado</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (14,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (42,9)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Grave</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (14,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Muito grave</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN5">
                <p>
                  <italic><sup>a</sup> Teste do qui-quadrado.</italic>
                </p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t8">
            <label>Tabela 8</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Resultados do question&#225;rio SF-12 em pacientes implantados com S-CDI ap&#243;s a remo&#231;&#227;o de um TV-CDI</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                  <th>Mediana</th>
                  <th>IIQ</th>
                  <th>M&#237;nimo</th>
                  <th>M&#225;ximo</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>Escala de sa&#250;de f&#237;sica</td>
                  <td align="center">51,3</td>
                  <td align="center">5,3</td>
                  <td align="center">30,5</td>
                  <td align="center">52,9</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Escala de sa&#250;de mental</td>
                  <td align="center">46</td>
                  <td align="center">4,8</td>
                  <td align="center">40,2</td>
                  <td align="center">51,3</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Escala de fun&#231;&#227;o f&#237;sica</td>
                  <td align="center">56,5</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">22,1</td>
                  <td align="center">56,5</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Escala de limita&#231;&#227;o f&#237;sica</td>
                  <td align="center">29,5</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">20,3</td>
                  <td align="center">29,5</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Escala de dor</td>
                  <td align="center">57,4</td>
                  <td align="center">10,1</td>
                  <td align="center">47,3</td>
                  <td align="center">57,4</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Escala de sa&#250;de geral</td>
                  <td align="center">55,5</td>
                  <td align="center">10,8</td>
                  <td align="center">29,6</td>
                  <td align="center">62</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Escala de vitalidade</td>
                  <td align="center">57,8</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">27,6</td>
                  <td align="center">67,9</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Escala de limita&#231;&#227;o emocional</td>
                  <td align="center">56,6</td>
                  <td align="center">10,1</td>
                  <td align="center">16,2</td>
                  <td align="center">56,6</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Escala de fun&#231;&#227;o social</td>
                  <td align="center">22,5</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">11,3</td>
                  <td align="center">22,5</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Escala de sa&#250;de mental 2</td>
                  <td align="center">58,4</td>
                  <td align="center">6,1</td>
                  <td align="center">58,4</td>
                  <td align="center">64,5</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN6">
                <p>
                  <italic>IIQ: Intervalo interquartil.</italic>
                </p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <p>Este estudo demonstra que n&#227;o h&#225; diferen&#231;as estatisticamente significativas no impacto na qualidade de vida em pacientes com S-CDI versus aqueles com TV-CDI. Al&#233;m disso, a avalia&#231;&#227;o espec&#237;fica de vari&#225;veis que se mostram mais controversas na avalia&#231;&#227;o e escolha do tipo de sistema a ser implantado, como par&#226;metros relacionados ao procedimento cir&#250;rgico ou especifica&#231;&#245;es t&#233;cnicas do dispositivo, tamb&#233;m n&#227;o apresentaram diferen&#231;as significativas entre os dois grupos de pacientes.</p>
      <p>Os resultados de estudos pr&#233;vios sobre o impacto do CDI na qualidade de vida dos pacientes s&#227;o contradit&#243;rios. Enquanto alguns estudos verificaram que a qualidade de vida piorou ou n&#227;o mudou significativamente ap&#243;s o implante de CDI, <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref></sup> outros notaram melhora gradual. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref></sup> No entanto, apenas um estudo at&#233; o momento presente avaliou a qualidade de vida em pacientes com S-CDI. O EFFORTLESS QoL <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup> &#233; um subestudo de registro multic&#234;ntrico internacional que comparou a qualidade de vida em pacientes com S-CDI com uma popula&#231;&#227;o hist&#243;rica de pacientes com TV-CDI. N&#227;o foram encontradas diferen&#231;as estatisticamente significativas na qualidade de vida, conforme avaliada pelo question&#225;rio SF-12.</p>
      <p>Os resultados do nosso estudo assemelham aos de Pedersen et al., <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup> Nossos resultados do question&#225;rio de qualidade de vida SF-12, administrado a pacientes implantados com CDI pela primeira vez, n&#227;o mostraram diferen&#231;as nas escalas de sa&#250;de mental ou f&#237;sica.</p>
      <p>O nosso &#233; o primeiro estudo a avaliar o impacto na qualidade de vida em pacientes com S-CDI, enfatizando a an&#225;lise de caracter&#237;sticas potenciais (envolvendo tanto a t&#233;cnica cir&#250;rgica quanto o tipo de sistema implantado) que podem influenciar os resultados. Muitos estudos j&#225; demonstraram a efic&#225;cia e seguran&#231;a desse tipo de CDI em compara&#231;&#227;o com os dispositivos convencionais. Isso permitiu que as indica&#231;&#245;es fossem ampliadas e contribuiu para a aprova&#231;&#227;o da equipe m&#233;dica. Ainda hoje, no entanto, algumas incertezas s&#227;o frequentemente encontradas entre os pacientes e, especialmente, entre os profissionais de sa&#250;de, na hora de indicar e escolher esse tipo de sistema em pacientes selecionados, principalmente em fun&#231;&#227;o da diferen&#231;a de tamanho, da localiza&#231;&#227;o diferente e da t&#233;cnica de implante. Na tentativa de abordar essas quest&#245;es, elaboramos um question&#225;rio espec&#237;fico e comparamos a nossa popula&#231;&#227;o de pacientes com S-CDI com um grupo de TV-CDI sem indica&#231;&#227;o para terapia de antibradicardia, estimula&#231;&#227;o de antitaquicardia ou terapia de ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o (i.e., potenciais candidatos para S-CDI). Os pacientes foram pareados por idade, sexo e &#237;ndice de massa corporal. N&#243;s consideramos estas como potenciais vari&#225;veis de confus&#227;o ao avaliar o impacto na qualidade de vida de acordo com o tipo de sistema implantado.</p>
      <p>&#201; evidente que algum grau de dor ocorreu em geral com ambos os sistemas, a dor peri-operat&#243;ria sendo mais intensa entre os pacientes com S-CDI. N&#227;o houve diferen&#231;as na intensidade da dor intra-operat&#243;ria ou de longo prazo. O fato do manejo p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio ter sido um pouco inconsistente nesses pacientes pode ter influenciado este resultado, uma vez que esses pacientes s&#227;o internados na enfermaria e atendidos por diferentes equipes m&#233;dicas e de enfermagem. No entanto, estes achados s&#227;o indubitavelmente relevantes, e os receptores de S-CDI devem, portanto, receber analgesia perioperat&#243;ria mais forte. N&#227;o foram encontradas diferen&#231;as estatisticamente significativas quando o desconforto est&#233;tico, os dist&#250;rbios do sono e as atividades di&#225;rias foram comparados entre os dois grupos.</p>
      <p>Outro aspecto inovador deste estudo &#233; a avalia&#231;&#227;o da percep&#231;&#227;o da qualidade de vida em pacientes que fizeram os dois tipos de terapia. Estes pacientes relataram dor intra-operat&#243;ria, desconforto est&#233;tico e dist&#250;rbios do sono mais graves com o sistema transvenoso, embora essas diferen&#231;as n&#227;o sejam estatisticamente significativas, possivelmente devido ao pequeno tamanho da amostra do grupo (7 pacientes). Esta foi, inegavelmente, uma popula&#231;&#227;o tendenciosa, pois o sistema subcut&#226;neo foi implantado ap&#243;s a ocorr&#234;ncia de uma complica&#231;&#227;o do sistema transvenoso. Os par&#226;metros avaliados, no entanto, como gravidade da dor durante a interven&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica, dist&#250;rbios do sono e desconforto est&#233;tico, n&#227;o est&#227;o relacionados &#224;s complica&#231;&#245;es que surgiram com o dispositivo convencional. Portanto, essas quest&#245;es s&#227;o potencialmente independentes das repercuss&#245;es negativas desse sistema.</p>
      <p>Estes dados demonstram que o tamanho e localiza&#231;&#227;o diferentes do S-CDI n&#227;o influenciam a qualidade de vida dos pacientes negativamente.</p>
      <p>Por outro lado, nosso estudo fornece os primeiros dados sobre seguran&#231;a do paciente e conforto/dor durante interven&#231;&#245;es cir&#250;rgicas para implante de um S-CDI utilizando um protocolo de seda&#231;&#227;o consciente, que &#233; completamente administrado por uma equipe de eletrofisiologia (equipe m&#233;dica e de enfermagem). Embora o TV-CDI seja atualmente implantado principalmente sob anestesia local, o S-CDI &#233; implantado sob anestesia geral na maioria dos hospitais. No maior estudo multic&#234;ntrico at&#233; o momento, 63% dos locais implantaram S-CDI sob anestesia geral. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Esse recurso tem disponibilidade limitada na maioria dos locais. Envolve esfor&#231;o organizacional, mais pessoal durante a interven&#231;&#227;o e maiores custos de sa&#250;de. A literatura cont&#233;m v&#225;rias s&#233;ries de casos cl&#237;nicos que descrevem experi&#234;ncias com o implante de S-CDI sob seda&#231;&#227;o, com supervis&#227;o estrita por anestesistas especialistas. O estudo de Essandoh et al., <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref></sup> retrospectivamente analisou a efic&#225;cia e a seguran&#231;a do implante de S-CDI sob seda&#231;&#227;o supervisionada por um anestesiologista, em um total de 10 pacientes selecionados. N&#227;o foram relatadas complica&#231;&#245;es hemodin&#226;micas ou respirat&#243;rias.</p>
      <p>A seguran&#231;a e a efic&#225;cia da seda&#231;&#227;o consciente j&#225; foram demonstradas em pacientes submetidos &#224; abla&#231;&#227;o por fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial, <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref></sup> e este m&#233;todo &#233; usado rotineiramente em nosso laborat&#243;rio. Para o implante de S-CDI, utilizamos um protocolo de seda&#231;&#227;o adaptado para esse tipo de procedimento, a fim de garantir analgesia adequada para os pacientes durante toda a interven&#231;&#227;o. Nenhuma complica&#231;&#227;o foi registrada durante o procedimento. Deve-se notar que 100% dos pacientes implantados com ambos os tipos de sistema descreveram uma aus&#234;ncia completa de dor durante o implante de S-CDI, enquanto menos da metade desses pacientes relataram n&#227;o ter sentido qualquer dor durante o procedimento de TV-ICD.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Limita&#231;&#245;es</title>
        <p>Uma limita&#231;&#227;o do estudo seria o potencial vi&#233;s do entrevistador. Para evitar isso, as pesquisas foram administradas por telefone pelo mesmo investigador cego. Para evitar vi&#233;s de mem&#243;ria nos sujeitos entrevistados, foram inclu&#237;dos apenas pacientes implantados com CDI nos &#250;ltimos 2 anos.</p>
        <p>A popula&#231;&#227;o de controle consistia em pacientes com TV-CDI pareados por idade, sexo e &#237;ndice de massa corporal. Acreditamos que estas vari&#225;veis possam influenciar a resposta dos pacientes em rela&#231;&#227;o ao grau de desconforto/satisfa&#231;&#227;o com S-CDI versus TV-CDI. No entanto, outras vari&#225;veis n&#227;o controladas pelo desenho do estudo, como indica&#231;&#227;o de CDI, tipo de doen&#231;a card&#237;aca ou classe funcional, bem como a qualidade de vida pr&#233;-implanta&#231;&#227;o, podem ter influenciado a qualidade de vida desses pacientes, afetando a avalia&#231;&#227;o do impacto espec&#237;fico do CDI. Por&#233;m, a aus&#234;ncia de diferen&#231;as estatisticamente significativas nas caracter&#237;sticas de linha de base dos pacientes diminui consideravelmente essa limita&#231;&#227;o potencial.</p>
        <p>Uma poss&#237;vel limita&#231;&#227;o deste estudo &#233; a menor preval&#234;ncia de choques sofridos pelo grupo S-CDI (5,1% versus 17,9%), o que poderia ter alguma influ&#234;ncia na percep&#231;&#227;o da qualidade de vida ao analisar este subgrupo de pacientes. No entanto, a preval&#234;ncia de choques foi baixa em ambos os grupos (11%). Portanto, acreditamos que isso n&#227;o influenciou significativamente os resultados gerais de nosso estudo.</p>
        <p>Por &#250;ltimo, o tamanho da amostra foi pequeno, sendo obtida em apenas um hospital, assim limitando o poder estat&#237;stico necess&#225;rio para detectar diferen&#231;as. No entanto, nossos dados de qualidade de vida se assemelham aos publicados recentemente em uma popula&#231;&#227;o maior. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclus&#245;es</title>
      <p>O tipo de CDI implantado n&#227;o influencia significativamente a percep&#231;&#227;o dos pacientes sobre a qualidade de vida f&#237;sica ou mental. Nosso estudo demonstra que as diferen&#231;as no procedimento cir&#250;rgico (local e t&#233;cnica cir&#250;rgica) ou o tipo de sistema implantado (por exemplo, peso e tamanho) n&#227;o t&#234;m impacto negativo na qualidade de vida do paciente. Por outro lado, esses achados sugerem que o S-CDI pode ser implantado com seguran&#231;a sob seda&#231;&#227;o consciente por uma equipe de eletrofisiologia. Estudos maiores e randomizados s&#227;o necess&#225;rios para comparar e confirmar estes resultados.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Pontos chaves</title>
        <sec>
          <title>O que j&#225; se sabe sobre esse assunto?</title>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>O CDI subcut&#226;neo demonstrou ser semelhante em efic&#225;cia ao CDI convencional na preven&#231;&#227;o da morte s&#250;bita card&#237;aca.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>O CDI subcut&#226;neo &#233; uma alternativa ao CDI transvenoso em pacientes que n&#227;o requerem antibradicardia, antitaquicardia ou estimula&#231;&#227;o de ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca; pacientes com dif&#237;cil acesso venoso; pacientes jovens; ou ap&#243;s a remo&#231;&#227;o de um CDI convencional devido &#224; infec&#231;&#227;o.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>O CDI subcut&#226;neo emprega uma t&#233;cnica cir&#250;rgica diferente do CDI convencional e o gerador &#233; maior e mais pesado do que nos sistemas transvenosos atuais.</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>O que este estudo acrescenta?</title>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>N&#227;o h&#225; diferen&#231;as significativas na qualidade de vida f&#237;sica ou mental entre uma popula&#231;&#227;o espanhola de pacientes com CDI subcut&#226;neo ou transvenoso.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Diferen&#231;as na t&#233;cnica cir&#250;rgica ou no tipo de sistema implantado n&#227;o afetam negativamente a qualidade de vida do paciente.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Pacientes implantados com CDI subcut&#226;neo ap&#243;s a remo&#231;&#227;o de um CDI transvenoso devido a complica&#231;&#245;es avaliam o novo dispositivo positivamente.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>O CDI subcut&#226;neo pode ser implantado com seguran&#231;a sob seda&#231;&#227;o consciente por uma equipe de eletrofisiologia.</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
        </sec>
      </sec>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</p>
        <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</p>
        <p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica da Comunidad de Arag&#243;n sob o n&#250;mero de protocolo 17/2016. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo est&#227;o de acordo com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013. O consentimento informado foi obtido de todos os participantes inclu&#237;dos no estudo</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <p><bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>:  O presente estudo n&#227;o contou com fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <app-group>
      <app id="app1">
        <title>* Material suplementar</title>
        <p>Para informa&#231;&#227;o adicional, por favor, clique aqui.</p>
        <supplementary-material id="suppl1" mime-subtype="pdf" mimetype="application" xlink:href=""/>
      </app>
    </app-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Comparative Study between Subcutaneous and Endovascular Defibrillator Recipients Regarding Tolerance to the Implant Procedure and Perception of Quality of Life</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3636-8312</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Auquilla-Clavijo</surname>
            <given-names>Pablo Esteban</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Calvo-Galiano</surname>
            <given-names>Naiara</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Povar-Echeverr&#237;a</surname>
            <given-names>Marina</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Oloriz-Sanjuan</surname>
            <given-names>Teresa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Diaz-Cortejana</surname>
            <given-names>Francisco</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Asso-Abadia</surname>
            <given-names>Antonio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="ES">Espanha</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet &#8211; Cardiologia, Zaragoza - Espanha</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="ES">Espanha</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet-Medicina Interna, Zaragoza - Espanha</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Pablo Esteban Auquilla Clavijo &#8226; Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet &#8211; Cardiologia - Avenida Isabel La Catolica, 3 Zaragoza &#8211; 50009 &#8211; Spain E-mail: pabloauq50@hotmail.com</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>Author contributions</p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research, Data acquisition, Analysis and interpretation of the data, Statistical analysis and Writing of the manuscript: Auquilla-Clavijo PE, Calvo-Galiano N, Povar-Echeverr&#237;a M.; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Auquilla-Clavijo PE, Calvo-Galiano N, Povar-Echeverr&#237;a M, Oloriz-Sanjuan T, Diaz-Cortejana F, Asso-Abad&#237;a A.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potential Conflict of Interest</p>
          <p>The authors report no conflict of interest concerning the materials and methods used in this study or the findings specified in this paper.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background</title>
          <p>The totally subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (S-ICD) is a safe alternative to the conventional transvenous ICD (TV-ICD) system to prevent sudden death.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective</title>
          <p>To compare the impact of the type of ICD system and surgical technique on patients&#8217; quality of life, as well as the severity of discomfort and pain, between S-ICD and TV-ICD recipients.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods</title>
          <p>Consecutively implanted patients with an S-ICD system were matched with patients with a TV-ICD system. In addition, patients undergoing S-ICD implantation after removal of a TV-ICD due to complications were included. Quality of life (measured with the 12-item short-form health survey) and severity of pain and discomfort were evaluated. Statistical significance was defined as p &lt; 0.05.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results</title>
          <p>A total of 64 patients implanted with S-ICD or TV-ICD under local anesthesia and conscious sedation were analyzed. Patients with S-ICD and TV-ICD systems did not differ significantly in quality of life scores. S-ICD patients had a higher level of perioperative pain; no differences were found regarding severity of intraoperative pain. The magnitude of aesthetic discomfort and sleep disturbances did not differ between groups. An S-ICD was implanted in 7 additional patients after removal of a TV-ICD. All but one of these patients recommended the S-ICD system.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusions</title>
          <p>The type of ICD system and the surgical technique have negligible impact on patients&#8217; quality of life. These results suggest that conscious sedation, provided by an experienced electrophysiology team, could be considered as an alternative to general anesthesia to manage patients undergoing S-ICD implantation.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Defibrilators</kwd>
        <kwd>Implantable</kwd>
        <kwd>Defibrillators Subcutaneous Implantable</kwd>
        <kwd>Comparative Study</kwd>
        <kwd>Conscious Sedation</kwd>
        <kwd>Quality of Life</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>Sudden cardiac death (SCD) of arrhythmic origin is the main cause of cardiovascular mortality. The efficacy of the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) for reducing SCD mortality in selected populations has been extensively demonstrated in many clinical trials.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Conventional defibrillator systems consist of a pulse generator located in the pectoral area, connected to the endocardium by means of transvenous leads. This type of device is therefore prone to complications inherent in the mechanism of implantation and the intravascular position of the leads.</p>
        <p>Because of problems accessing the heart through the venous system and the potential for complications, the subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (S-ICD, Boston Scientific, Natick, MA, USA) has been developed. This system consists of a generator (S-ICD<sup>&#174;</sup>, EMBLEM MRI S-ICD A219, Boston Scientific) connected to a lead (3401, Boston Scientific) located subcutaneously in a parasternal position, generally on the left.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Current clinical guidelines include it with a Class IIa indication as an alternative to the conventional transvenous ICD (TV-ICD) in patients who do not require antibradycardia, antitachycardia, or resynchronisation therapy. It also has a Class IIb indication in patients with no venous access, following removal of a transvenous system due to of infection, and in young patients facing a lifetime requirement for device-based therapy.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> A limited implantation-related complication rate has been reported. Moreover, although there are no randomized comparative studies of S-ICDs versus TV-ICDs to date, the available data show the S-ICD to be a very effective device for detecting and treating malignant ventricular arrhythmias.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
        <p>The use of S-ICD in Spain is increasingly accepted by scientific societies. The study by Arias et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> in a Spanish center in 2017 has made it possible to obtain excellent acute and long-term results in a cohort of 50 patients with S-ICD.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> The latest Spanish ICD implant registry in 2017 indicates a progressive increase in S-ICD implants from 2.5% in 2015 to 5.3% in 2017.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> The higher cost of the S-ICD compared to TV-ICD could be one of the reasons that the adoption of this device has been slow, despite its revolutionary design.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> The development of multicentre studies that support these results<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> would allow us to expand the use of this device.</p>
        <p>In terms of the impact of ICD implantation on quality of life, the literature contains contradictory evidence.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup> Whereas initial ICD experiences were associated with worse quality of life, more recent studies have demonstrated quality of life at least as good as in patients in the general population, without an ICD.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup> The only study to have evaluated and compared quality of life in TV-ICD patients versus S-ICD recipients was published recently. There was an improvement in quality of life in both patient groups, as measured by the SF-12 health survey, and no significant differences were seen between the groups.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup></p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Objective</title>
        <p>The objective of our study was to compare perceived quality of life, as well as severity of pain and discomfort, resulting from the surgical technique and type of device, between a population of patients receiving S-ICD and a conventional TV-ICD recipient control group.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>Methods</title>
        <p>All patients implanted with an S-ICD at our hospital from 2014 to 2016 were consecutively enrolled. Patients were matched by age, sex, and body mass index with a sample of patients who were undergoing their first implantation of a single-chamber TV-ICD, with no indication for antibradycardia therapy or antitachycardia pacing, during the same period. Patients previously implanted with a single-chamber TV-ICD, who were receiving an S-ICD after having the transvenous system removed due to a complication, formed their own control group.</p>
        <p>The study was approved by the Ethics Committee at our hospital.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>ICD implantation procedure</title>
          <p>In all cases, prior to considering the implant of either device, health education was carried out regarding the physical and psychological consequences that the device could have on each patient.</p>
          <p>All implantations were carried out in the electrophysiology laboratory by the same medical and nursing team.</p>
          <p>Prior to implantation, all patients were given prophylactic intravenous antibiotics. Implantation took place without withdrawal of oral anticoagulant medication, except in cases of low thromboembolic risk (CHADS-VASc &lt; 2).</p>
          <p>Hemodynamic parameters (blood pressure, heart rate, and arterial oxygen saturation) were non-invasively monitored during the procedure.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Subcutaneous ICD implantation procedure</title>
          <p>All patients passed the ICD pre-implantation ECG screening test in at least one lead in the right or left parasternal region. The procedure took place under local anesthesia and sedation, according to a conscious sedation protocol ( <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1001">Table 1</xref> ). This was adapted from a previously described sedation protocol<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref></sup> used routinely at our hospital for conducting complex interventional procedures.</p>
          <p>
            <table-wrap id="t1001">
              <label>Table 1</label>
              <caption>
                <title>Protocol for conscious sedation during S-ICD implantation</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left">PREMEDICATION: Administered on arrival in the electrophysiology laboratory, once the patient is being monitored:</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <list list-type="bullet">
                        <list-item>
                          <p>Ondansetron 8 mg</p>
                        </list-item>
                      </list>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <list list-type="bullet">
                        <list-item>
                          <p>Paracetamol 1 g</p>
                        </list-item>
                      </list>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <list list-type="bullet">
                        <list-item>
                          <p>Midazolam 1 mg</p>
                        </list-item>
                      </list>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <list list-type="bullet">
                        <list-item>
                          <p>Pethidine 25 mg</p>
                        </list-item>
                      </list>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <list list-type="bullet">
                        <list-item>
                          <p>Continuous infusion pump: 0.30 mg fentanyl (2 ampoules) + 120 cc physiological saline</p>
                        </list-item>
                      </list>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>If &lt; 65 kg: 30 ml/h</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>If &gt; 65 kg: 40 ml/h</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>DURING THE PROCEDURE:</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>One-off doses of midazolam or fentanyl as a bolus on demand</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>DEFIBRILLATION TEST MEDICATION (with fentanyl infusion pump stopped):</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <list list-type="bullet">
                        <list-item>
                          <p>3-5 mg bolus of etomidate</p>
                        </list-item>
                      </list>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <list list-type="bullet">
                        <list-item>
                          <p>3-5 mg bolus of midazolam</p>
                        </list-item>
                      </list>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>PREPARED RESCUE MEDICATION:</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <list list-type="bullet">
                        <list-item>
                          <p>Atropine</p>
                        </list-item>
                      </list>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <list list-type="bullet">
                        <list-item>
                          <p>Naloxone</p>
                        </list-item>
                      </list>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <list list-type="bullet">
                        <list-item>
                          <p>Flumazenil</p>
                        </list-item>
                      </list>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
            </table-wrap>
          </p>
          <p>The S-ICD implantation technique was as described previously.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref></sup> In all cases, the generator was inserted in the fifth or sixth left intercostal space, and the defibrillation lead was positioned in the right or left parasternal region, depending on screening test results or findings during the implantation procedure. The two-incision technique was used in all cases.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref></sup></p>
          <p>At the end of the procedure, a defibrillation test was done, and two shock zones were programmed with a minimum heart rate of 200 bpm.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Transvenous ICD implantation procedure</title>
          <p>Implantation was carried out under local anesthesia and light sedation on demand. Via the left subclavian vein, an active fixation single-coil defibrillation lead was attached to the right ventricular apex. The generator was inserted subcutaneously in the left infraclavicular region. No patients underwent a defibrillation test. The devices were programmed in VVI mode with a minimum heart rate of 40 bpm. Device therapy programming was done on an individual basis, according to the indication for ICD implantation and the type of heart disease.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Follow-up</title>
          <p>Follow-up consisted of site visits after 15 days, 3 months, and then every 6 months post-implantation. Intraoperative, perioperative, and long-term complications were recorded, as was the occurrence of appropriate or inappropriate therapy.</p>
          <p>Questionnaires about quality of life and satisfaction/discomfort with the type of system implanted</p>
          <p>At least 3 months after the system was implanted, a telephone survey took place. This included two questionnaires: 1) the 12-item short-form health survey (SF-12) and 2) a questionnaire specifically designed to compare the severity of pain/discomfort related to the system type and surgical technique (ICD QoL) (Supplementary Materials 1 and 2).</p>
          <p>The survey was administered over the telephone by the same investigator, who was blinded to the type of system implanted.</p>
          <sec>
            <title>SF-12</title>
            <p>The SF-12 survey consists of a subset of 12 items from the SF-36, selected by means of multiple regression. Physical and mental component summaries of patients&#8217; quality of life were designed based on these items.</p>
            <p>SF-12 response options take the form of Likert scales evaluating intensity or frequency. The number of response options ranges from 3 to 6, depending on the item, and each question is given a value that is subsequently transformed on a scale of 0 to 100. Scores have a mean of 50 with a standard deviation of 10. Consequently, values above or below 50 indicate a better or worse state of health, respectively, than the reference population. Published studies of SF-12 measurement characteristics indicate reliability, validity, and sensitivity (Cronbach&#8217;s alpha &gt; 0.7; intraclass correlation coefficient for test-retest reproducibility rho &#8805; 0.75).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref></sup></p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>ICD QoL</title>
            <p>The ICD QoL questionnaire consisted of 8 items evaluating severity of pain (intra-, peri- and post-procedural and long-term pain), degree of aesthetic discomfort, limitations to activities of daily living and leisure activities, physical sleep limitations due to potential discomfort caused by mechanical compression by the device, and patient satisfaction. All parameters in the questionnaire were measured on a numerical severity rating scale from 0 to 10. Pain was defined as follows: intraprocedural pain as pain suffered during the intervention; perioperative pain as pain that occurred during the hospital stay; postprocedural pain as pain within 3 months of being discharged; and long-term pain as pain from 3 months post-implantation up to the time of the survey. Pain severity was measured using the numerical rating scale, where 0 means &#8220;no pain&#8221; and 10 means &#8220;worst pain imaginable&#8221;.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref></sup></p>
            <p>The seven S-ICD patients who had also had a TV-ICD in the past answered the questionnaire for both types of ICD. These patients were also asked which of the two types of ICD they would recommend.</p>
          </sec>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Statistical analysis</title>
        <p>Continuous variables are expressed using statistics of central tendency and spread (mean and standard deviation for normally distributed variables; median and interquartile range for non-parametric variables). Normality tests were performed with the Lilliefors (Kolmogorov-Smirnov) test. Categorical variables are expressed as percentages.</p>
        <p>To compare the overall characteristics of both groups, we used the chi-square test for dichotomous qualitative variables, Student t test for independent samples for parametric quantitative variables (assuming equal variances in all cases because Levene&#8217;s test was &gt; 0.05), and the Mann-Whitney U-test for non-parametric variables. Statistical significance was defined as p &lt; 0.05.</p>
        <p>The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare the SF-12 survey results, whereas the ICD QoL results were compared by means of the chi-square test.</p>
        <p>Calculations were performed with the SPSS statistics package (Version 19, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Results</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Baseline characteristics</title>
          <p>In all, 71 ICD patients were enrolled. Their characteristics are shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2001">Table 2</xref> . A total of 64 patients underwent their first implantation of an S-ICD or a TV-ICD. In the other 7 patients, an S-ICD was implanted following removal of a TV-ICD. The reasons for the transvenous system being removed were endocarditis, pocket infection, pressure ulcer, and lead dislodgement ( <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3001">Table 3</xref> ). No significant differences were found in patient baseline characteristics according to the type of system implanted. Mean age was 53 years (minimum 13; maximum 76), and 80% of patients were male. The most common underlying heart condition was ischemic disease (37%), followed by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (20%). In most cases (56%), the system was implanted as primary prevention of SCD.</p>
          <p>
            <table-wrap id="t2001">
              <label>Table 2</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; Baseline patient characteristics</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                    <th>Overall N=71</th>
                    <th>TV-ICD</th>
                    <th>S-ICD</th>
                    <th>P value</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Age (years)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">53 &#177; 11<sup>a</sup></td>
                    <td align="center">52 &#177; 10.3<sup>a</sup></td>
                    <td align="center">50.8 &#177; 10.6<sup>a</sup></td>
                    <td align="center">p=0.869<sup>b</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Male (%)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">62 (79.5)</td>
                    <td align="center">31 (80)</td>
                    <td align="center">31 (80)</td>
                    <td align="center">p=1<sup>c</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Body mass index</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">24.8 &#177; 4.6<sup>a</sup></td>
                    <td align="center">25.8 &#177; 3.7<sup>a</sup></td>
                    <td align="center">25.6 &#177; 4.3<sup>a</sup></td>
                    <td align="center">p=0.876<sup>b</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Prevention type (%)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">p=0.648<sup>c</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Primary</td>
                    <td align="center">44 (56.4)</td>
                    <td align="center">23 (59)</td>
                    <td align="center">21 (53.8)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Secondary</td>
                    <td align="center">34 (43.6)</td>
                    <td align="center">16 (41)</td>
                    <td align="center">18 (46.2)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Heart disease type (%)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">p=0.319<sup>c</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Ischemic</td>
                    <td align="center">29 (37.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">14 (35.9)</td>
                    <td align="center">15 (38.5)</td>
                    <td align="center">p=0.319<sup>c</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Valvular</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (2.6)</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (2.6)</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (2.6)</td>
                    <td align="center">p=0.319<sup>c</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Idiopathic dilated</td>
                    <td align="center">6 (7.7)</td>
                    <td align="center">4 (10.3)</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (5.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">p=0.319<sup>c</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Hypertrophic</td>
                    <td align="center">16 (20.5)</td>
                    <td align="center">5 (12.8)</td>
                    <td align="center">11 (28.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">p=0.319<sup>c</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Non-compaction</td>
                    <td align="center">6 (7.7)</td>
                    <td align="center">3 (7.7)</td>
                    <td align="center">3 (7.7)</td>
                    <td align="center">p=0.319<sup>c</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Brugada</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (2.6)</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (2.6)</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (2.6)</td>
                    <td align="center">p=0.319<sup>c</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Long QT</td>
                    <td align="center">6 (7.7)</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (5.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">4 (10.3)</td>
                    <td align="center">p=0.319<sup>c</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Congenital</td>
                    <td align="center">5 (6.4)</td>
                    <td align="center">5 (12.8)</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">p=0.319<sup>c</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Unknown</td>
                    <td align="center">6 (7.7)</td>
                    <td align="center">4 (10.3)</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (5.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">p=0.319<sup>c</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Ejection fraction (%)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">46 &#177; 30<sup>a</sup></td>
                    <td align="center">45.8 &#177; 14.8<sup>a</sup></td>
                    <td align="center">44.8 &#177; 16<sup>a</sup></td>
                    <td align="center">p=0.867<sup>b</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Rhythm at implant. (%)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">p=0.867<sup>c</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Sinus</td>
                    <td align="center">70 (90)</td>
                    <td align="center">35 (89.7)</td>
                    <td align="center">35 (89.7)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Atrial fibrillation</td>
                    <td align="center">8 (10)</td>
                    <td align="center">4 (10.3)</td>
                    <td align="center">4 (10.3)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Antiplatelet Tx (%)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">31 (39.7)</td>
                    <td align="center">15 (38.5)</td>
                    <td align="center">16 (41)</td>
                    <td align="center">p=0.817<sup>c</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Anticoagulant Tx (%)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">14 (19.7)</td>
                    <td align="center">7 (17.9)</td>
                    <td align="center">7 (17.9)</td>
                    <td align="center">p=1<sup>c</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN1001">
                  <p>
                    <italic>Tx: therapy; aMean and standard deviation; bStudent t test for independent samples; cChi-square test.</italic>
                  </p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
          </p>
          <p>
            <table-wrap id="t3001">
              <label>Table 3</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; Reasons for TV-ICD removal</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup width="50%">
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left">Reasons for replacement</th>
                    <th>N (%)</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Endocarditis</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (28.6)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Recurrent pocket infection</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (28.6)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Lead fracture</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (28.6)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Pocket decubitus</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (14.3)</td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
            </table-wrap>
          </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Follow-up</title>
          <p>Patient follow-up results are summarized in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t4001">Table 4</xref> . In terms of perioperative complications, one patient in the S-ICD group had a pocket hematoma that required surgical drainage. One TV-ICD patient experienced lead dislodgement as a complication during follow-up.</p>
          <p>
            <table-wrap id="t4001">
              <label>Table 4</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; Patient follow-up</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left">Complications</th>
                    <th>Overall</th>
                    <th>TV-ICD</th>
                    <th>S-ICD</th>
                    <th>P value</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Perioperative complications (%)</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (1.3)</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (2.6)</td>
                    <td align="center">p=0.314<sup>a</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Pneumothorax</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Pericardial effusion</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Pocket hematoma</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (1.3)</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (2.6)</td>
                    <td align="center">p=0.152<sup>a</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Complications during follow-up (%)</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (1.3)</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (2.6)</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">p=0.152<sup>a</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Pocket infection</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Infectious endocarditis</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Venous thrombosis</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Lead dislodgement</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (1.3)</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (2.6)</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">p=0.314<sup>a</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Pocket decubitus</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Therapy</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Appropriate therapy (%)</td>
                    <td align="center">11 (14.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">9 (23.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (5.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">p=0.023</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>ATP</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (2.6)</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (5.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Shock</td>
                    <td align="center">9 (11.5)</td>
                    <td align="center">7 (17.9)</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (5.1)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Inappropriate therapy (%)</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (2.6)</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (2.6)</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (2.6)</td>
                    <td align="center">p=1<sup>a</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN2001">
                  <p>
                    <italic>ATP: Antitachycardia pacing.<sup>a</sup>Chi-square test.</italic>
                  </p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
          </p>
          <p>Two patients with S-ICD and 9 with TV-ICD received appropriate therapy (2 cases were treated by antitachycardia pacing, and electric shock was required in 7 cases). One TV-ICD patient received inappropriate therapy because of ventricular lead dislodgement. Another patient, with an S-ICD, suffered an inappropriate shock due to supraventricular tachycardia with a heart rate above the therapy cut-off rate (240 bpm).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Questionnaires</title>
          <p><xref ref-type="table" rid="t5001">Table 5</xref> shows the results obtained with the ICD QoL questionnaire in patients implanted for the first time. No significant differences were found with respect to intraoperative pain assessments according to the type of system implanted. However, patients implanted with an S-ICD had more severe perioperative pain. No significant differences were found between the two types of systems in terms of sleep disturbances, although there was a trend towards more disturbed sleep among S-ICD recipients. In most patients, these disturbances were of low to moderate severity. Likewise, there were no significant differences in daily activities or aesthetic discomfort. All patients, regardless of the system implanted, were satisfied with the intervention, and they said they would recommend the device to other eligible patients.</p>
          <p>
            <table-wrap id="t5001">
              <label>Table 5</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; ICD QoL questionnaire results in patients implanted with their first ICD</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                    <th>Subcutaneous N=32</th>
                    <th>Transvenous N=32</th>
                    <th>p value</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Intraoperative pain</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">p=0.073<sup>a</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>No pain</td>
                    <td align="center">23 (74.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">21 (65.6)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Mild</td>
                    <td align="center">5 (16.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">3 (9.4)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Moderate</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">5 (15.6)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Severe</td>
                    <td align="center">3 (9.7)</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (3.1)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Very severe</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (6.3)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Perioperative pain</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">p=0.005<sup>a</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>No pain</td>
                    <td align="center">9 (29)</td>
                    <td align="center">15 (46.9)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Mild</td>
                    <td align="center">5 (16.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">12 (37.5)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Moderate</td>
                    <td align="center">7 (22.6)</td>
                    <td align="center">5 (15.6)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Severe</td>
                    <td align="center">9 (29)</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Very severe</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (3.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Postoperative pain</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">p=0.170<sup>a</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>No pain</td>
                    <td align="center">13 (41.9)</td>
                    <td align="center">22 (68.8)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Mild</td>
                    <td align="center">10 (32.3)</td>
                    <td align="center">6 (18.8)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Moderate</td>
                    <td align="center">5 (16.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">4 (12.5)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Severe</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (3.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Very severe</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (6.5)</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Current pain</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">p=0.087<sup>a</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>No pain</td>
                    <td align="center">27 (87.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">26 (81.3)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Mild</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (3.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">6 (18.8)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Moderate</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (6.5)</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Severe</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Very severe</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (3.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Aesthetic discomfort</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">p=0.683<sup>a</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>None</td>
                    <td align="center">20 (64.5)</td>
                    <td align="center">21 (65.6)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Mild</td>
                    <td align="center">7 (22.6)</td>
                    <td align="center">6 (18.8)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Moderate</td>
                    <td align="center">3 (9.7)</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (6.3)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>A lot</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (6.3)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Very much</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (3.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (3.1)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Activities of daily living limited</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">p=0.080<sup>a</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>None</td>
                    <td align="center">22 (71)</td>
                    <td align="center">22 (68.8)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>A little</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (3.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">7 (21.9)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Moderate</td>
                    <td align="center">5 (16.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (6.3)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>A lot</td>
                    <td align="center">3 (9.7)</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (3.1)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Very much</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Sleep disturbance</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">p=0.232<sup>a</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>None</td>
                    <td align="center">13 (41.9)</td>
                    <td align="center">21 (65.6)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Mild</td>
                    <td align="center">10 (32.3)</td>
                    <td align="center">8 (25)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Moderate</td>
                    <td align="center">5 (16.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">3 (9.4)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Severe</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (6.5)</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Very severe</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (3.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Would recommend to others</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Yes</td>
                    <td align="center">31 (100)</td>
                    <td align="center">32 (100)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>No</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Satisfied with intervention</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Yes</td>
                    <td align="center">31 (100)</td>
                    <td align="center">32 (100)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>No</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN3001">
                  <p>
                    <italic><sup>a</sup>Chi-square test.</italic>
                  </p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
          </p>
          <p>The results obtained with the SF-12 survey are shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t6001">Table 6</xref> . Similar values were recorded in both groups, with medians of 44.3 &#177; 12.8 for the S-ICD and 48.8 &#177; 9.8 for the TV-ICD on the physical health scale. The mental health scale gave medians of 45.9 &#177; 13.7 for the S-ICD and 50.8 &#177; 10.3 for the TV-ICD.</p>
          <p>
            <table-wrap id="t6001">
              <label>Table 6</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; SF-12 survey results in patients implanted with their first ICD</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left" rowspan="3" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                    <th colspan="4">Subcutaneous N=32</th>
                    <th colspan="4">Transvenous N=32</th>
                    <th rowspan="3">p value</th>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <th colspan="8" rowspan="1">
                      <hr/>
                    </th>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <th>Median</th>
                    <th>IQR</th>
                    <th>Minimum</th>
                    <th>Maximum</th>
                    <th>Median</th>
                    <th>IQR</th>
                    <th>Minimum</th>
                    <th>Maximum</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Physical health scale</td>
                    <td align="center">44.3</td>
                    <td align="center">12.8</td>
                    <td align="center">27.4</td>
                    <td align="center">56.7</td>
                    <td align="center">48.8</td>
                    <td align="center">9.8</td>
                    <td align="center">31.6</td>
                    <td align="center">62.6</td>
                    <td align="center">p=0.302<sup>a</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Mental health scale</td>
                    <td align="center">45.9</td>
                    <td align="center">13.7</td>
                    <td align="center">26.3</td>
                    <td align="center">56.8</td>
                    <td align="center">50.8</td>
                    <td align="center">10.3</td>
                    <td align="center">18.7</td>
                    <td align="center">55.5</td>
                    <td align="center">p=0.345<sup>a</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Physical functioning scale</td>
                    <td align="center">47.9</td>
                    <td align="center">17.2</td>
                    <td align="center">22.1</td>
                    <td align="center">56.5</td>
                    <td align="center">56.5</td>
                    <td align="center">15.1</td>
                    <td align="center">22.1</td>
                    <td align="center">56.5</td>
                    <td align="center">p=0.099<sup>a</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Physical limitation scale</td>
                    <td align="center">29.5</td>
                    <td align="center">9.2</td>
                    <td align="center">20.3</td>
                    <td align="center">29.5</td>
                    <td align="center">29.5</td>
                    <td align="center">9.2</td>
                    <td align="center">20.3</td>
                    <td align="center">29.5</td>
                    <td align="center">p=0.656<sup>a</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Pain scale</td>
                    <td align="center">57.4</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">16.7</td>
                    <td align="center">57.4</td>
                    <td align="center">57.4</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">37.1</td>
                    <td align="center">57.4</td>
                    <td align="center">p=0.150<sup>a</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>General health scale</td>
                    <td align="center">44.7</td>
                    <td align="center">10.8</td>
                    <td align="center">18.9</td>
                    <td align="center">62</td>
                    <td align="center">55.5</td>
                    <td align="center">10.8</td>
                    <td align="center">18.9</td>
                    <td align="center">62</td>
                    <td align="center">p=0.354<sup>a</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Vitality scale</td>
                    <td align="center">57.8</td>
                    <td align="center">30.2</td>
                    <td align="center">17.6</td>
                    <td align="center">67.9</td>
                    <td align="center">67.9</td>
                    <td align="center">20.2</td>
                    <td align="center">27.6</td>
                    <td align="center">67.9</td>
                    <td align="center">p=0.157<sup>a</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Emotional limitation scale</td>
                    <td align="center">56.6</td>
                    <td align="center">9.2</td>
                    <td align="center">16.2</td>
                    <td align="center">56.6</td>
                    <td align="center">56.6</td>
                    <td align="center">10.1</td>
                    <td align="center">26.3</td>
                    <td align="center">56.6</td>
                    <td align="center">p=0.317<sup>a</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Social function scale</td>
                    <td align="center">22.5</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">11.3</td>
                    <td align="center">22.5</td>
                    <td align="center">22.5</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">11.3</td>
                    <td align="center">22.5</td>
                    <td align="center">p=0.263<sup>a</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Mental health scale 2</td>
                    <td align="center">64.5</td>
                    <td align="center">18.3</td>
                    <td align="center">21.9</td>
                    <td align="center">70.6</td>
                    <td align="center">64.5</td>
                    <td align="center">18.3</td>
                    <td align="center">21.9</td>
                    <td align="center">70.6</td>
                    <td align="center">p=0.163<sup>a</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN4001">
                  <p>
                    <italic>IQR: Interquartile range.<sup>a</sup>Mann-Whitney U test.</italic>
                  </p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
          </p>
          <p><xref ref-type="table" rid="t7001">Tables 7</xref> and <xref ref-type="table" rid="t8001">8</xref> show the results of the ICD QoL questionnaire and the SF-12 survey, respectively, in patients implanted with an S-ICD after removal of a transvenous system. In terms of intraoperative pain assessments, no patients in the S-ICD group reported pain, compared with 57% who reported pain with transvenous systems. This pain was moderately severe, at most. No statistically significant differences were found in perioperative, postoperative or long-term pain. Likewise, there were no differences between ICD types as regards sleep disturbances or degree of aesthetic discomfort. All the patients were satisfied with the intervention and would recommend having the device implanted if necessary. When asked which type of ICD they would recommend, all but one of them preferred the subcutaneous system.</p>
          <p>
            <table-wrap id="t7001">
              <label>Table 7</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; ICD QoL questionnaire results in patients implanted with an S-ICD following removal of a TV-ICD</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                    <th>Subcutaneous N=7</th>
                    <th>Transvenous N=7</th>
                    <th>p value</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Intraoperative pain</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">p=1<sup>a</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>No pain</td>
                    <td align="center">7 (100)</td>
                    <td align="center">3 (42.9)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Mild</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (28.6)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Moderate</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (28.6)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Severe</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Very severe</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Perioperative pain</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">p=0.224<sup>a</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>No pain</td>
                    <td align="center">4 (57.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">4 (57.1)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Mild</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (28.6)</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (14.3)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Moderate</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (14.3)</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (28.6)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Severe</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Very severe</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Postoperative pain</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">p=0.659<sup>a</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>No pain</td>
                    <td align="center">6 (87.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">6 (87.1)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Mild</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (14.3)</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (14.3)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Moderate</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Severe</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Very severe</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Current pain</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">p=0.659<sup>a</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>No pain</td>
                    <td align="center">6 (87.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">6 (87.1)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Mild</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (14.3)</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (14.3)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Moderate</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Severe</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Very severe</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Aesthetic discomfort</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">p=0.717<sup>a</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>None</td>
                    <td align="center">5 (71.4)</td>
                    <td align="center">4 (57.1)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Mild</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (14.3)</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (28.6)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Moderate</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (14.3)</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (14.3)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>A lot</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Very much</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Activities of daily living limited</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">p=0.427<sup>a</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>None</td>
                    <td align="center">5 (71.4)</td>
                    <td align="center">5 (71.4)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>A little</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (28.6)</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (28.6)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Moderate</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>A lot</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Very much</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Sleep disturbance</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">p=0.350<sup>a</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>None</td>
                    <td align="center">5 (71.4)</td>
                    <td align="center">4 (57.1)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Mild</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Moderate</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (14.3)</td>
                    <td align="center">3 (42.9)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Severe</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (14.3)</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Very severe</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN5001">
                  <p>
                    <italic><sup>a</sup>Chi-square test.</italic>
                  </p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
          </p>
          <p>
            <table-wrap id="t8001">
              <label>Table 8</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; SF-12 survey results in patients implanted with an S-ICD following removal of a TV-ICD</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                    <th>Median</th>
                    <th>IQR</th>
                    <th>Minimum</th>
                    <th>Maximum</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Physical health scale</td>
                    <td align="center">51.3</td>
                    <td align="center">5.3</td>
                    <td align="center">30.5</td>
                    <td align="center">52.9</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Mental health scale</td>
                    <td align="center">46</td>
                    <td align="center">4.8</td>
                    <td align="center">40.2</td>
                    <td align="center">51.3</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Physical functioning scale</td>
                    <td align="center">56.5</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">22.1</td>
                    <td align="center">56.5</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Physical limitation scale</td>
                    <td align="center">29.5</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">20.3</td>
                    <td align="center">29.5</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Pain scale</td>
                    <td align="center">57.4</td>
                    <td align="center">10.1</td>
                    <td align="center">47.3</td>
                    <td align="center">57.4</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>General health scale</td>
                    <td align="center">55.5</td>
                    <td align="center">10.8</td>
                    <td align="center">29.6</td>
                    <td align="center">62</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Vitality scale</td>
                    <td align="center">57.8</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">27.6</td>
                    <td align="center">67.9</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Emotional limitation scale</td>
                    <td align="center">56.6</td>
                    <td align="center">10.1</td>
                    <td align="center">16.2</td>
                    <td align="center">56.6</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Social function scale</td>
                    <td align="center">22.5</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">11.3</td>
                    <td align="center">22.5</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Mental health scale 2</td>
                    <td align="center">58.4</td>
                    <td align="center">6.1</td>
                    <td align="center">58.4</td>
                    <td align="center">64.5</td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN6001">
                  <p>
                    <italic>IQR: Interquartile range.</italic>
                  </p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
          </p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <p>This study demonstrates that there are no statistically significant differences in impact on quality of life in patients with an S-ICD versus those with a TV-ICD. Moreover, specific evaluation of variables that prove more controversial when assessing and choosing the type of system to implant, such as parameters related to the surgical procedure or technical specifications of the device, likewise showed no significant differences between the two patient groups.</p>
        <p>Previous study results regarding the impact of ICD on patients&#8217; quality of life are contradictory. Whereas some studies found that quality of life worsened or did not change significantly after ICD implantation,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref></sup> others noted gradual improvement.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref></sup> However, only one study to date has assessed quality of life in S-ICD patients. EFFORTLESS QoL<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup> is an international multicentre registry substudy that compared quality of life in S-ICD patients against a historical TV-ICD patient population. No statistically significant differences were found in quality of life, as evaluated by the SF-12 survey.</p>
        <p>Our study results resemble those of Pedersen et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup> Our results with the SF-12 quality-of-life survey, administered to patients implanted with an ICD for the first time, showed no differences in either the mental or the physical health scales.</p>
        <p>Ours is the first study evaluating quality-of-life impact in S-ICD patients, emphasizing the analysis of potential features (involving both surgical technique and type of system implanted) that might influence the results. Many studies have now demonstrated the efficacy and safety of this type of ICD compared with conventional devices. This has allowed the indications to be expanded, and has contributed to approval by medical staff. Even today, however, some uncertainty is commonly encountered among patients and, especially, health professionals, when it comes to indicating and choosing this type of system in selected patients, mainly on account of the size difference, the different location, and the implantation technique. In an attempt to address these issues, we designed a specific questionnaire and compared our S-ICD patient population against a TV-ICD group for whom antibradycardia therapy, antitachycardia pacing, and resynchronisation therapy were not indicated (i.e. potential S-ICD candidates). Patients were matched by age, sex, and body mass index. We regard these as potential confounding variables when evaluating quality-of-life impact according to the type of system implanted.</p>
        <p>It is apparent that some degree of pain occurred in general with both systems, with perioperative pain more severe among S-ICD patients. There were no differences in severity of intraoperative pain or long-term pain. Somewhat inconsistent postoperative management of these patients may have influenced this result, as these patients are admitted to the ward and cared for by different medical and nursing teams. Nevertheless, these findings are undoubtedly relevant, and S-ICD recipients should therefore be given stronger perioperative analgesia. No statistically significant differences were found when aesthetic discomfort, sleep disturbances, and daily activities were compared between the two groups.</p>
        <p>Another novel aspect of this study is the assessment of perceived quality of life in patients who have had both types of therapy. These patients reported more severe intraoperative pain, aesthetic discomfort, and sleep disturbances with the transvenous system, although these differences are not statistically significant, possibly because of the group&#8217;s small sample size (7 patients). This was undeniably a biased population, because the subcutaneous system was implanted after a complication had occurred with the transvenous system. The parameters assessed, however, such as severity of pain during the surgical intervention, sleep disturbances, and aesthetic discomfort, are unrelated to the complications that arose with the conventional device; these issues are, thus, potentially independent of the negative repercussions of the system.</p>
        <p>These data demonstrate that the different size and location of the S-ICD do not negatively influence patient quality of life.</p>
        <p>On the other hand, our study provides the first data on patient safety and comfort/pain during surgical interventions to implant an S-ICD using a conscious sedation protocol, managed entirely by an electrophysiology team (medical and nursing staff). Although TV-ICDs are now mainly implanted under local anesthesia, S-ICDs are implanted under general anesthesia at most hospitals. In the largest multicentre study to date, 63% of sites implanted S-ICDs under general anaesthesia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> This resource has limited availability at most sites. It involves organizational effort, more staff during the intervention, and higher healthcare costs. The literature contains several clinical case series describing experiences with S-ICD implantation under sedation, with strict supervision by expert anesthetists. The study by Essandoh et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref></sup> retrospectively analyzed the efficacy and safety of S-ICD implantation under anesthetist-supervised sedation, in a total of 10 selected patients. No hemodynamic or respiratory complications were reported.</p>
        <p>The safety and efficacy of conscious sedation have already been demonstrated in patients undergoing ablation for atrial fibrillation,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref></sup> and this method is routinely used in our laboratory. For S-ICD implantation, we used a sedation protocol adapted for this type of procedure, in order to ensure adequate analgesia for the patients throughout the entire intervention. No complications were recorded during the procedure. It should be noted that 100% of patients implanted with both types of system described a complete absence of pain during S-ICD implantation, whereas fewer than half of those patients reported not having felt any pain during the TV-ICD procedure.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Limitations</title>
          <p>One limitation of the study is potential interviewer bias. In order to prevent this, surveys were administered over the telephone by the same blinded investigator. To avoid recall bias in the interview subject, only patients implanted with an ICD in the last 2 years were included.</p>
          <p>The control population consisted of TV-ICD patients matched by age, sex, and body mass index. These are variables that we think might influence patients&#8217; response regarding degree of discomfort/satisfaction with the S-ICD versus the TV-ICD. Nevertheless, other variables not controlled for by the study design, such as ICD indication, type of heart disease, or functional class, as well as pre-implantation quality of life, could have influenced these patients&#8217; quality of life, and thus affected assessment of the specific impact of the ICD. However, the absence of statistically significant differences in baseline patient characteristics lessens this potential limitation considerably.</p>
          <p>A possible limitation of this study is the lower prevalence of discharges suffered by the S-ICD group (5.1% versus 17.9%), which could have some influence on the perception of quality of life when analyzing this subgroup of patients. However, the prevalence of discharges in both groups was low (11%). We thus believe that this has not significantly influenced the overall results of our study.</p>
          <p>Lastly, the sample was small in size, being obtained from just one hospital, thereby limiting the statistical power needed to detect differences. However, our quality-of-life data resemble those published recently from a larger population.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclusions</title>
        <p>The type of ICD implanted does not significantly influence patients&#8217; perception of mental or physical quality of life. Our study demonstrates that differences in the surgical procedure (both location and surgical technique) or type of system implanted (such as weight and size) do not have a negative impact on patient quality of life. On the other hand, these findings suggest that the S-ICD can be safely implanted under conscious sedation by an electrophysiology team. Larger, randomized studies are needed to compare against and confirm these results.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Key Points</title>
          <sec>
            <title>What is already known about this subject?</title>
            <list list-type="bullet">
              <list-item>
                <p>The subcutaneous ICD has been shown to be similar in efficacy to the conventional ICD at preventing sudden cardiac death.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>The subcutaneous ICD is an alternative to the transvenous ICD in patients not requiring antibradycardia, antitachycardia, or cardiac resynchronisation pacing; patients with difficult venous access; young patients; or following removal of a conventional ICD because of infection.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>The subcutaneous ICD employs a different surgical technique from the conventional ICD, and the generator is larger and heavier than in current transvenous systems.</p>
              </list-item>
            </list>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>What does this study add?</title>
            <list list-type="bullet">
              <list-item>
                <p>There are no significant differences in mental or physical quality of life among a Spanish population of patients with subcutaneous or transvenous ICDs.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Differences in surgical technique or type of system implanted do not negatively affect patient quality of life.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Patients implanted with a subcutaneous ICD after having a transvenous ICD removed because of complications assess the new device positively.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>The subcutaneous ICD can safely be implanted under conscious sedation by an electrophysiology team.</p>
              </list-item>
            </list>
          </sec>
        </sec>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Study Association</p>
          <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Ethics approval and consent to participate</p>
          <p>This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Comunidad de Arag&#243;n under the protocol number 17/2016. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <p>Sources of Funding: There was no external funding source for this study.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <app-group>
        <app id="app1_en">
          <title>* Supplemental Materials</title>
          <p>For additional information, please click here.</p>
          <supplementary-material id="suppl1_en" mime-subtype="pdf" mimetype="application" xlink:href=""/>
        </app>
      </app-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
