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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">w73rYDxzq3BK6ndTtvxRMss</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2021000701117</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20210403</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20210403</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Art&#233;rias Coron&#225;rias Ap&#243;s a Opera&#231;&#227;o de Jatene para Transposi&#231;&#227;o das Grandes Art&#233;rias: O Papel da Angiografia Coron&#225;ria por Tomografia Computadorizada no Seguimento</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9107-7382</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Marinho-da-Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Antonio Joaquim</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label> 1 </label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Centro Hospitalar</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universit&#225;rio de Coimbra</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Coimbra</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original"> Centro Hospitalar e Universit&#225;rio de Coimbra , Coimbra - Portugal </institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01">Correspond&#234;ncia: Antonio Joaquim Marinho-da-Silva &#8226; Centro Hospitalar e Universit&#225;rio de Coimbra - Av. Afonso Rom&#227;o, 3000-602 Coimbra - Portugal E-mail: <email>marinhosilva1@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>14</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>116</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>1117</fpage>
      <lpage>1118</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Cardiopatias Cong&#234;nitas/cirurgia</kwd>
        <kwd>Opera&#231;&#227;o das Grandes Art&#233;rias</kwd>
        <kwd>Comunica&#231;&#227;o Interventricular</kwd>
        <kwd>Estenose A&#243;rtica Subvalvar</kwd>
        <kwd>Circula&#231;&#227;o Coron&#225;ria</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="14"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A corre&#231;&#227;o da transposi&#231;&#227;o das grandes art&#233;rias (TGA) pela t&#233;cnica de Jatene foi uma das maiores conquistas da cirurgia card&#237;aca nas cardiopatias cong&#234;nitas. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Ao substituir as art&#233;rias transpostas em seu arranjo anat&#244;mico adequado, essa t&#233;cnica &#8212; cirurgia de troca atrial (CTV) &#8212; atinge uma rela&#231;&#227;o arterial espacial normal. No entanto, esse novo arranjo requer a excis&#227;o dos bot&#245;es da art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria e seu implante na nova aorta. A dificuldade dessa etapa est&#225; relacionada ao tipo de origem coronariana e &#224; dist&#226;ncia ao novo local de inser&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    <p>Uma vez conclu&#237;da essa etapa de normaliza&#231;&#227;o anat&#244;mica, busca-se a normaliza&#231;&#227;o funcional card&#237;aca. As complica&#231;&#245;es p&#243;s-cir&#250;rgicas mais comuns est&#227;o relacionadas &#224; complexidade das anomalias associadas (comunica&#231;&#227;o interventricular, coarcta&#231;&#227;o da aorta, estenose valvar e outras), locais de sutura dos neovasos, ramifica&#231;&#227;o pulmonar e dilata&#231;&#227;o da neoaorta. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> N&#227;o negligenci&#225;veis e preocupantes, as complica&#231;&#245;es tardias da circula&#231;&#227;o coronariana cong&#234;nita ou adquirida s&#227;o bem conhecidas. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> A incid&#234;ncia real dessas complica&#231;&#245;es varia de 0,8% a 27,5%, de acordo com a s&#233;rie de relatos e o tempo de seguimento. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O mecanismo das complica&#231;&#245;es coronarianas &#233; bem conhecido e descrito, variando desde distor&#231;&#227;o anat&#244;mica, &#226;ngulo agudo, <italic>kinking</italic> , curso interarterial coronariano, at&#233; diferentes tipos de estenose, principalmente estenose ostial cr&#237;tica, que pode ser fatal. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> O melhor m&#233;todo para avalia&#231;&#227;o geom&#233;trica ou funcional da circula&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria ainda &#233; objeto de pesquisa e discuss&#227;o. Nesta edi&#231;&#227;o dos ABC, o artigo de Baldo et al., <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> aborda essa importante quest&#227;o. Embora funcionalmente assintom&#225;ticos, 3,3% desses pacientes demonstraram altera&#231;&#245;es coron&#225;rias possivelmente significativas. O estudo foi de recorte basal, independente dos sintomas. Embora algumas diretrizes internacionais apoiem essa vis&#227;o <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> outras n&#227;o. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A maioria dos problemas e eventos coron&#225;rios descritos at&#233; agora tendem a ocorrer na inf&#226;ncia, nos primeiros anos ap&#243;s a cirurgia, onde as queixas s&#227;o de dif&#237;cil acesso. Al&#233;m disso, devido &#224; falta de sensibilidade do exame, a abordagem de triagem convencional por eletrocardiograma ou ecocardiografia Doppler nem sempre &#233; &#250;til. Portanto, parece l&#243;gico investigar pacientes ap&#243;s a CTV em busca de altera&#231;&#245;es nas art&#233;rias coron&#225;rias, apesar da aparente &#8220;normalidade&#8221;. Antigamente, faz&#237;amos esse rastreamento usando angiografia convencional com exposi&#231;&#227;o desnecess&#225;ria &#224; radia&#231;&#227;o e complica&#231;&#245;es oriundas do cateterismo.</p>
    <p>Desde o in&#237;cio do ano 2000, a angiografia coron&#225;ria por tomografia computadorizada tem assumido um papel cada vez mais importante na avalia&#231;&#227;o das anomalias coron&#225;rias, particularmente ap&#243;s a corre&#231;&#227;o da TGA pela t&#233;cnica de Jatene. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Identificar as anomalias em pacientes que podem, em &#250;ltima inst&#226;ncia, comprometer suas vidas &#233; o desafio que esse texto apresenta, refor&#231;ando a import&#226;ncia de um m&#233;todo de diagn&#243;stico por imagem. Devido &#224;s les&#245;es ostiais, a angiografia coron&#225;ria convencional pode n&#227;o as identificar. Concordo que pelo menos uma avalia&#231;&#227;o basal da circula&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria em todos os pacientes, no p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio, seria razo&#225;vel. Ent&#227;o, deve-se destacar a superioridade diagn&#243;stica da angio-TC em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; angiografia coronariana convencional. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> A angiografia por resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica (RMC) card&#237;aca e coronariana (evitando a radia&#231;&#227;o) tamb&#233;m pode ser uma op&#231;&#227;o para avaliar a pat&#234;ncia coronariana. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Uma nova t&#233;cnica de TC, como a TC de dupla energia combinando perfus&#227;o com visualiza&#231;&#227;o anat&#244;mica, poder&#225; ser mais &#250;til em alguns casos particulares tamb&#233;m. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Ser&#225; necess&#225;rio seguimento anual multimodal com ecocardiografia com Doppler, ecocardiografia e tomografia computadorizada ou teste ergom&#233;trico de esfor&#231;o, conforme enfatizam os autores. Mas outras t&#233;cnicas n&#227;o invasivas como a an&#225;lise de deforma&#231;&#227;o derivada do Doppler e taxa de deforma&#231;&#227;o ( <italic>strain rate</italic> ) podem ser &#250;teis na avalia&#231;&#227;o funcional em vez do ultrassom convencional. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> Obviamente, se forem encontrados sintomas cl&#237;nicos (arritmia, dor tor&#225;cica ou fadiga excessiva) ou altera&#231;&#245;es nos testes padr&#227;o, a avalia&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca por tomografia computadorizada coronariana (ou RMC) deve ser feita imediatamente a qualquer momento.</p>
    <p>Mas em que idade a avalia&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria basal na CTV ainda permanece em discuss&#227;o. Apesar da aus&#234;ncia de sintomas, na minha opini&#227;o, deve ser antes da idade adulta. E &#233; prudente fazer tal avalia&#231;&#227;o tamb&#233;m em adultos, sobre os quais ainda n&#227;o se tem essas informa&#231;&#245;es . <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></p>
  </body>
  <back>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Avalia&#231;&#227;o da Circula&#231;&#227;o Coronariana ap&#243;s a Cirurgia de Jatene</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Coronary Arteries after Jatene Operation for Transposition of Great Arteries: The Role of CT Coronary Angiography on Follow-up</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9107-7382</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Marinho-da-Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Antonio Joaquim</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro Hospitalar e Universit&#225;rio de Coimbra, Coimbra- Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Antonio Joaquim Marinho-da-Silva &#8226; Centro Hospitalar e Universit&#225;rio de Coimbra - Av. Afonso Rom&#227;o, 3000-602 Coimbra - Portugal E-mail: marinhosilva1@gmail.com</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Heart Defects Congenital/surgery</kwd>
        <kwd>Arterial Switch Operation</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Septal Defects</kwd>
        <kwd>Ventricular</kwd>
        <kwd>Aortic Stenosis, Subvalvular</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronary Circulation</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>The correction of transposition of the great arteries (TGA) by the Jatene technique was one of the greatest achievements of cardiac surgery in congenital heart disease.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> By replacing the transposed arteries in their proper anatomical arrangement, this technique &#8212; atrial switch operation (ASO) &#8211; achieves a normal spatial arterial relationship. However, this new arrangement requires excision of the coronary artery buttons and their implantation in the new aorta. The difficulty of this step relates to the type of coronary origin and distance to the new insertion site.</p>
      <p>Once this anatomical normalization step has been achieved, cardiac functional normalization is sought. The most common post-surgical complications are related to the complexity of associated anomalies (ventricular septal defect (VSD), coarctation of the aorta, valve stenosis, and others), suture sites of the neovessels, pulmonary ramification and dilation of the neoaorta,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Not neglectable and object of concern, late complications of either congenital or acquired coronary circulation are well known.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> The actual incidence of such complications ranges from 0,8% to 27,5% according to reporting series and time of follow-up.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The mechanism of coronary complications is well known and described, going from anatomic distortion, acute angle, kinking, coronary interarterial course to different types of stenosis, particularly critical ostial stenosis that may be life-threatening.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> The best method to either geometrical or functional coronary circulation evaluation is still a matter of discovering and discussion. In this issue of ABC, the article by Baldo et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> addresses this important question. Although functionally asymptomatic, 3,3% of these patients revealed potentially significant coronary abnormalities. This was a basal study, regardless of symptoms. Although some international guidelines support this view,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> others do not.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Most coronary problems and events described so far tend to occur in childhood in the first few years after surgery where complaints are difficult to access. Furthermore, owing to lack of testing sensitivity, conventional screening approach by electrocardiogram ECG or Doppler echocardiography are not always helpful. So, it seems logical to investigate patients after ASO looking for coronary artery abnormalities despite apparent &#8220;normality&#8221;. In the past, we did this screening using conventional angiography with unnecessary exposure to radiation and catheterization complications.</p>
      <p>Since the beginning of the year 2000, coronary angiography by computed tomography (CCT-angiography) has assumed an increasingly important role in the assessment of coronary anomalies, namely after TGA correction by the Jatene technique.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Identifying those anomalies in patients that can ultimately compromise their lives is the challenge that this text poses, reinforcing the importance of one method of diagnostic imaging. Owing to ostial lesions, conventional coronary angiography may not eventually identify them. I agree that at least one basal evaluation of coronary circulation in all post-operative patients would be reasonable. Then, diagnostic superiority of CT angiography compared to conventional coronary angiography should be highlighted.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Cardiac and coronary magnetic resonance angiography (CMR) (avoiding radiation) may also be an option for evaluating coronary patency.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Eventually, a new CT technique like dual-energy CT combining perfusion with anatomic visualization will be more useful in some particular cases, too.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Annual multi-modality follow-up with Doppler echocardiography, echocardiography, and CPT or ergometric stress test will be necessary as the authors emphasize. But other non-invasive techniques such as Doppler-derived strain and strain rate may eventually be helpful in functional evaluation rather than conventional ultrasound.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> Of course, if clinical symptoms (arrhythmia, thoracic pain or excessive fatigue) or abnormalities are found in the standard tests, cardiac evaluation by coronary computed tomography (or CMR) should be done immediately at any time.</p>
      <p>But at what age should basal coronary assessment in ASO be performed still remains in discussion. Despite the absence of symptoms, in my opinion, it should be before adulthood. And it should be prudent to do such assessment also in adults on whom this information has not yet been obtained.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Evaluation of Coronary Circulation after Arterial Switch Operation</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
