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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">7CFv7CfbTMnyNLV8J5dW3Kz</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2021000701109</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20210236</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20210236</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Interven&#231;&#227;o Percut&#226;nea da Art&#233;ria Coron&#225;ria Principal Esquerda. Por que os Dados do Mundo Real s&#227;o t&#227;o Importantes?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0539-729X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Vaz</surname>
            <given-names>Vinicius Daher</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label> 1 </label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o Anis Rassi</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original"> Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o Anis Rassi , Goi&#226;nia , GO - Brasil </institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01">Correspond&#234;ncia: Vinicius Daher Vaz &#8226; Servi&#231;o de Hemodin&#226;mica - Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o Anis Rassi - Rua Jos&#233; Alves, 453. CEP 74110-020, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>viniciusdahervaz@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>14</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>116</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>1109</fpage>
      <lpage>1110</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Interven&#231;&#227;o Coron&#225;ria Percut&#226;nea</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a da Art&#233;ria Coron&#225;ria</kwd>
        <kwd>Angiografia/diagn&#243;stico por imagem</kwd>
        <kwd>Preval&#234;ncia</kwd>
        <kwd>Revasculariza&#231;&#227;o Mioc&#225;rdica</kwd>
        <kwd>Acidente Vascular Cerebral</kwd>
        <kwd>Mortalidade</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="15"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A preval&#234;ncia estimada da doen&#231;a da art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria principal esquerda encontrada durante a angiografia diagn&#243;stica &#233; de 6% em s&#233;ries publicadas. O entusiasmo por uma terapia menos invasiva do que a cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio (CABG) para pacientes com doen&#231;a da art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria principal esquerda desprotegida (ULMCA) remonta aos anos 90. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Embora a contribui&#231;&#227;o da CABG na sobrevida de pacientes com doen&#231;a de ULMCA seja ineg&#225;vel, nos &#250;ltimos anos, v&#225;rios autores t&#234;m demonstrado a seguran&#231;a e efic&#225;cia da interven&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria percut&#226;nea (ICP).</p>
    <p>Apesar das controv&#233;rsias a respeito da publica&#231;&#227;o de 5 anos do estudo &#8220;XIENCE <italic>versus</italic> Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery for Effectiveness of Left Main Revascularization (EXCEL)&#8221; <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> , quando se trata de desfechos duros, como morte e acidente vascular cerebral, nos &#250;ltimos anos v&#225;rios ensaios randomizados e n&#227;o-randomizados demonstraram n&#227;o-inferioridade ou mesmo superioridade da ICP em compara&#231;&#227;o &#224; CABG. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Recentemente, esses dados foram compilados em duas meta-an&#225;lises nas quais o seguimento de longo prazo n&#227;o mostrou diferen&#231;a significativa na mortalidade e na taxa de AVC entre ICP e CABG. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Al&#233;m disso, dois desses ensaios randomizados com seguimento prolongado de longo prazo, de at&#233; 10 anos, demonstraram bons resultados sustentados da ICP, com taxas de mortalidade semelhantes &#224;s da CABG, respectivamente, 14,5% x 13,8% e 27 % x 28%. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Nesta edi&#231;&#227;o dos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, Grion et al., <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> apresentam sua experi&#234;ncia com ICP para doen&#231;a de ULMCA em uma s&#233;rie consecutiva de 107 pacientes. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Esses dados s&#227;o muito importantes para toda a comunidade m&#233;dica envolvida no tratamento da doen&#231;a arterial coronariana, &#224; luz da escassez de dados sobre CABG ou ICP para doen&#231;a de ULMCA em nossa regi&#227;o. Do ponto de vista da medicina baseada em evid&#234;ncias, os ensaios cl&#237;nicos randomizados (ECR) s&#227;o o &#8220;padr&#227;o ouro&#8221; para avaliar a seguran&#231;a e efic&#225;cia dos agentes terap&#234;uticos, ainda mais no complexo cen&#225;rio de compara&#231;&#227;o de dois m&#233;todos de tratamento invasivos, t&#227;o distintos como a CABG e a ICP. Entretanto, registros e experi&#234;ncias locais, como o de Grion et al. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> s&#227;o importantes para fornecer todo o espectro de pacientes tratados no ambiente do mundo real e a possibilidade de avaliar se os tratamentos e resultados dos ECRs s&#227;o realmente aplicados diariamente. Os r&#237;gidos crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o e exclus&#227;o necess&#225;rios implicam que as popula&#231;&#245;es do estudo muitas vezes n&#227;o s&#227;o representativas dos pacientes encontrados na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica. Por exemplo, nos estudos EXCEL e NOBLE, mais de um ter&#231;o dos pacientes eleg&#237;veis foram na verdade exclu&#237;dos e quase metade deles devido a condi&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas que levam o cirurgi&#227;o card&#237;aco ou cardiologista intervencionista participante a acreditar que o equil&#237;brio cl&#237;nico n&#227;o estava presente.</p>
    <p>O presente estudo incluiu uma popula&#231;&#227;o do mundo real, geralmente exclu&#237;da de ensaios cl&#237;nicos randomizados com complexidade aumentada. Diabetes estava presente em mais da metade dos pacientes (57%) e a m&#233;dia de idade foi de at&#233; 69 anos. A fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dia de 53% &#233; menor do que a dos ECRs e um maior n&#250;mero de stents foram implantados por paciente (3,9). Finalmente, o escore SYNTAX m&#233;dio foi 46 &#177; 23, substancialmente mais alto do que os dos estudos EXCEL, <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> NOBLE <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> e PRECOMBAT. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Apesar desses perfis de risco altamente cl&#237;nicos e de les&#227;o, eles alcan&#231;aram resultados muito bons em curto prazo com alto sucesso do procedimento (99%) e baixa taxa de mortalidade intra-hospitalar (1,86%). Taxas semelhantes foram observadas em nosso pa&#237;s por Constantini et al., <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> em 2011 (mortalidade intra-hospitalar de 1,4%), bem como nos principais registros internacionais do tipo &#8220; <italic>all-comers</italic> &#8221; <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> como DELTA 1, DELTA 2 <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> e MAIN-COMPARE, <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> onde o a mortalidade hospitalar foi de 2,0% e 1,1% e 0,8%, respectivamente. Apesar da relev&#226;ncia dos resultados intra-hospitalares, obviamente, os resultados do seguimento de longo prazo ainda s&#227;o necess&#225;rios para confirmar esses bons achados intra-hospitalares. Posto isto, devemos ter em mente que para alcan&#231;ar bons resultados em longo prazo em qualquer tipo de interven&#231;&#227;o para pacientes com doen&#231;a arterial coronariana multiarterial est&#225;vel ou ULMCA, &#233; essencial ter uma mortalidade hospitalar abaixo de 2%.</p>
    <p>Por outro lado, tem sido amplamente demonstrado que mesmo a ICP contempor&#226;nea, comparada &#224; CABG, apresenta maior risco de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o repetida no seguimento em longo prazo. Nesse contexto, vale ressaltar a excel&#234;ncia do atual grupo, que utiliza o ultrassom intracoron&#225;rio (USIC) para guiar a ICP em 100% dos pacientes com doen&#231;a de ULMCA. Mesmo nos ECRs, a ICP guiada por USIC n&#227;o excede 70% do uso. Al&#233;m disso, h&#225; muita experi&#234;ncia e uma riqueza de evid&#234;ncias que apoiam o uso rotineiro de USIC na ICP da ULMCA. O uso de USIC durante a ICP da ULMCA &#233; seguro e est&#225; associado a redu&#231;&#245;es substanciais em ECAM no seguimento de longo prazo, incluindo revasculariza&#231;&#227;o repetida e at&#233; morte. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Em conclus&#227;o, Grion et al. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> demonstraram resultados hospitalares muito bons com a ICP da ULMCA complexa guiada por USIC em nosso ambiente. Conhecer e divulgar nossos resultados intra-hospitalares &#233; o primeiro passo para podermos incorporar os resultados dos ECRs em nossa pr&#225;tica di&#225;ria.</p>
  </body>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Interven&#231;&#227;o Coronariana Percut&#226;nea em Les&#245;es n&#227;o Protegidas de Tronco</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Left Main Coronary Artery Percutaneous Intervention. Why are Real-World Data so Important?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0539-729X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Vaz</surname>
            <given-names>Vinicius Daher</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o Anis Rassi, Goi&#226;nia, GO - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Vinicius Daher Vaz &#8226; Servi&#231;o de Hemodin&#226;mica - Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o Anis Rassi - Rua Jos&#233; Alves, 453. Postal Code 74110-020, Goi&#226;nia, GO Brazil E-mail: viniciusdahervaz@gmail.com</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Intervention Coronary Percutaneous</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronary Artery Disease</kwd>
        <kwd>Angiography/diagnostic imaging</kwd>
        <kwd>Precalenve</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial Revascularization</kwd>
        <kwd>Stroke</kwd>
        <kwd>Mortality</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>The estimated prevalence of left main artery disease found during diagnostic angiography is 6% in published series. The enthusiasm for a less invasive therapy than coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for patients with unprotected left main coronary artery (ULMCA) disease dates back to the 90s.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Although the contribution of CABG in the survival of patients with ULMCA disease is undeniable, in the last few years, several authors have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).</p>
      <p>Despite the controversies regarding the 5-year publication of the Evaluation of XIENCE versus Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery for Effectiveness of Left Main Revascularization (EXCEL)<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> trial, when it comes to hard outcomes, as death and stroke, in the last years several randomized and non-randomized trials have demonstrated non-inferiority or even superiority of PCI against CABG.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Recently, these data were compiled in two meta-analysis where long term follow-up has shown no significant difference in mortality and stroke rate between PCI and CABG.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> In addition, two of these randomized trials with extended long-term follow-up, up to 10 years, have demonstrated sustained good results after PCI, with death rates similar to CABG, respectively, 14.5% x 13.8% and 27% x 28%.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In this issue of <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</italic> , Grion et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> present their experience with PCI for ULMCA disease in a consecutive series of 107 patients.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> These data are very important for the entire medical community involved in the treatment of coronary artery disease, in light of the scarcity of data regarding CABG or PCI for ULMCA disease in our region. From the point of view of evidence-based medicine, randomized control trials (RCT) are the &#8220;gold standard&#8221; for evaluating the safety and efficacy of therapeutic agents, even more in the complex scenario of comparing two invasive treatment methods as distinct as CABG and PCI. However, registries and local experience, such as that of Grion et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> are important for providing the full spectrum of patients treated in the real world setting and the possibility of assessing whether the treatments and results of the RCTs are actually applied on a daily basis. The necessary strict inclusion and exclusion criteria implies that trial populations are often not representative of the patients encountered in clinical practice. For example, in the EXCEL and NOBLE trials, more than one-third of the eligible patients were actually excluded and almost half of them were so due to clinical conditions, which leads the participating cardiac surgeon or interventional cardiologist to believe that clinical equipoise were not present.</p>
      <p>The present study included a real-world population, usually excluded from randomized clinical trials with increased complexity. Diabetes was present in more than half of the patients (57%) and the mean age was as high as 69 years old. The mean ejection fraction of 53% is lower than those from RCTs and a higher number of stents were implanted per patient (3.9). Finally, the mean SYNTAX score was 46 &#177; 23, substantially higher than those from the EXCEL,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> NOBLE<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> and PRECOMBAT<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> trials. Notwithstanding these hugely clinical and lesion risk profiles, they have achieved very good short-term results with high procedural success (99%) and low rate of in-hospital mortality (1.86%). Similar rates were observed in our country by Constantini et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> in 2011 (in-hospital mortality of 1.4%), as well as in the major all-comers<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> international registries like DELTA 1, DELTA 2<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> and MAIN-COMPARE,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> where the hospital mortality was respectively 2.0% and 1.1% and 0.8%. Despite the relevance of in-hospital results, obviously long-term follow-up outcomes are still needed to confirm these good in-hospital findings. Having said that, we must bear in mind that in order to accomplish good long-term results in any kind of intervention for patients with stable multivessel coronary artery disease or ULMCA, it is essential to have in-hospital mortality below 2%.</p>
      <p>On the other hand, it has been widely demonstrated that even the contemporary PCI, compared to CABG, has a greater risk of repeated revascularization in the long-term follow-up. In this context, it is worth mentioning the excellence of the current group, using intracoronary ultrasound (IVUS) to guide PCI in 100% of the ULMCA disease patients. Even in the RCTs, IVUS-guided PCI does not exceed 70% of use. Moreover, there is plenty of experience and a wealth of evidence supporting routine use of IVUS in ULMCA PCI. IVUS during ULMCA PCI is safe and associates with substantial reductions in MACE in the long-term follow up, including repeated revascularization and even death.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In conclusion, Grion et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> demonstrated very good in-hospital results of IVUS-guided complex ULMCA PCI in our environment. Knowing and publicizing our in-hospital results is</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Short editorial related to the article: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery Lesions</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
