<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "http://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="editorial" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="pt">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">JWYvv3bKZLGy8CLPVkM49kk</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2021000701099</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20210245</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20210245</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title><italic>One-Stop Shop</italic> para Imagens Cardiovasculares N&#227;o Invasivas?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3913-7181</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Cerci</surname>
            <given-names>Rodrigo Julio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Shiosaki</surname>
            <given-names>Afonso Akio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label> 1 </label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Quanta Diagn&#243;stico por Imagem</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Curitiba</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original"> Quanta Diagn&#243;stico por Imagem , Curitiba , PR - Brasil </institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label> 2 </label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Centro Diagn&#243;stico</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Paran&#225;</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Maring&#225;</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original"> Centro Diagn&#243;stico do Hospital Paran&#225; , Maring&#225; , PR - Brasil </institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label> 3 </label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">&#212;mega Diagn&#243;stico</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Londrina</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original"> &#212;mega Diagn&#243;stico , Londrina , PR - Brasil </institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01">Correspond&#234;ncia: Rodrigo Julio Cerci &#8226; Quanta Diagn&#243;stico por Imagem -Rua Almirante Tamandar&#233;, 1000. CEP 80045-170, Curitiba, PR &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>rodrigo@quantamn.com.br</email> , <email>rjcerci@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>14</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>116</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>1099</fpage>
      <lpage>1100</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Tomografia Coronariana</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a Arterial Coronariana</kwd>
        <kwd>Perfus&#227;o Mioc&#225;rdica</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares/diagnostico por imagem</kwd>
        <kwd>Diagn&#243;stico por Imagem/tend&#234;ncias</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="14"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Nos &#250;ltimos quinze anos, a angiotomografia coronariana (ATC) testemunhou r&#225;pidos avan&#231;os tecnol&#243;gicos e cient&#237;ficos na detec&#231;&#227;o de doen&#231;a arterial coronariana (DAC) anat&#244;mica, levando a uma melhora no atendimento ao paciente. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> A avalia&#231;&#227;o visual da gravidade da estenose pela ATC tem alta sensibilidade e valor preditivo negativo quando comparada &#224; angiografia invasiva, tornando-se um teste ideal para descartar DAC obstrutiva. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Com seu alto desempenho diagn&#243;stico associado a um importante impacto progn&#243;stico no tratamento da DAC, a ATC finalmente se estabeleceu como uma recomenda&#231;&#227;o de Classe I em diretrizes internacionais ( <italic>European Society of Cardiology</italic> &#8211; ESC). <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    <p>No entanto, a ATC &#233; limitada por modesta especificidade diagn&#243;stica e fornece apenas avalia&#231;&#227;o anat&#244;mica, o que n&#227;o informa a signific&#226;ncia hemodin&#226;mica de les&#245;es espec&#237;ficas. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> A ATC aliada &#224; avalia&#231;&#227;o da perfus&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica (CTP) por tomografia de estresse &#233; uma modalidade precisa para determinar as repercuss&#245;es do fluxo mioc&#225;rdico regional na estenose coronariana, embora geralmente requeira aquisi&#231;&#227;o adicional e ainda seja subutilizada. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> A reserva de fluxo fracionada por tomografia computadorizada (FFR-CT) &#233; outra abordagem &#8220;fisiol&#243;gica&#8221; de TC em que a din&#226;mica de fluidos computacional &#233; aplicada a dados de ATC padr&#227;o e surgiu como uma ferramenta promissora para a avalia&#231;&#227;o funcional da estenose coronariana. O valor diagn&#243;stico do FFR-CT realizado remotamente foi validado prospectivamente em v&#225;rios grandes estudos multic&#234;ntricos, mas requer o uso de supercomputadores externos, o que pode ser demorado e caro, limitando sua ampla utilidade cl&#237;nica. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O artigo de Morais et al. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> apresentou dados de 93 pacientes submetidos &#224; ATC em scanners de diferentes gera&#231;&#245;es, aplicando uma t&#233;cnica FFR-CT que pode ser realizada no local e em tempo real, utilizando ferramentas de intelig&#234;ncia artificial em um <italic>software</italic> prot&#243;tipo que roda em um esta&#231;&#227;o de trabalho padr&#227;o. Essa ferramenta abrevia a necessidade de supercomputadores para realizar c&#225;lculos de reserva de fluxo coronariano que geralmente levam at&#233; 48 horas, juntamente com um custo adicional para a an&#225;lise funcional coronariana que atualmente &#233; realizada por um <italic>software</italic> externo exclusivo, impedindo o acesso universal a todos os pacientes que poderiam se beneficiar com essa tecnologia. Ao contr&#225;rio do FFR-CT externo, o FFR-CT interno estima a reserva de fluxo coron&#225;rio por um algoritmo de aprendizado profundo baseado em mapas anat&#244;micos das art&#233;rias coron&#225;rias, bem como graus de estenose. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Embora limitado pelo vi&#233;s de refer&#234;ncia de uma an&#225;lise relativamente pequena, unic&#234;ntrica e retrospectiva, os autores devem ser parabenizados por reproduzir resultados semelhantes quando comparados a estudos maiores de FFR-CT externo. Isso significa que se podem esperar os mesmos resultados, bem como as mesmas limita&#231;&#245;es para o FFR-CT no local. Deve-se notar que os dados s&#227;o consistentes com os achados de v&#225;rios estudos nos quais, comparados &#224; ATC e ao SPECT, a FFR-CT tem acur&#225;cia diagn&#243;stica superior na discrimina&#231;&#227;o de isquemia (AUC = 0,93). <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Para aplica&#231;&#227;o de rotina, no entanto, os m&#233;dicos devem ter em mente que o ponto de corte da FFR-CT de &lt;0,80 derivou uma taxa de falsos negativos de 12%, enquanto um ponto de corte de &lt;0,85 derivou apenas 6% de falsos negativos e pode ser mais conservador e de abordagem mais segura para o uso da FFR-CT como porta para uma angiografia invasiva.</p>
    <p>Infelizmente, a FFR-CT n&#227;o &#233; para todos os pacientes, pois a avalia&#231;&#227;o da pat&#234;ncia do <italic>stent</italic> ou do enxerto ainda n&#227;o foi validada. Al&#233;m disso, les&#245;es pesadas calcificadas, ostiais e bifurcadas permanecem um desafio. Outro obst&#225;culo importante &#233; a qualidade da imagem, que precisa estar livre de artefatos de movimento e para ser processada, deixando uma taxa de rejei&#231;&#227;o vari&#225;vel, mas significativa, de 3 a 20%. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></p>
    <p>No entanto, a possibilidade de uma FFR-CT no local tem sido o sonho dos imageadores cardiovasculares, integrando dados anat&#244;micos e fisiol&#243;gicos em um &#250;nico conjunto de dados de aquisi&#231;&#227;o ( <italic>one-stop shop</italic> ), aumentando a resolu&#231;&#227;o do teste de forma democr&#225;tica, com muito menos tempo de an&#225;lise e custos em compara&#231;&#227;o com a FFR-CT externa. O artigo de Morais et al. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> nos aproxima do &#8220;sonho que se torna realidade&#8221;.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <title>Refer&#234;ncias</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>1. Investigators S-H, Newby DE, Adamson PD, Berry C, Boon NA, Dweck MR, et al. Coronary CT Angiography and 5-Year Risk of Myocardial Infarction. <italic>N Engl J Med</italic> . Sep 6 2018;379(10):924-933. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1805971</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Investigators</surname>
              <given-names>S-H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Newby</surname>
              <given-names>DE</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Adamson</surname>
              <given-names>PD</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Berry</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Boon</surname>
              <given-names>NA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Dweck</surname>
              <given-names>MR</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Coronary CT Angiography and 5-Year Risk of Myocardial Infarction</article-title>
          <source>N Engl J Med</source>
          <month>09</month>
          <day>6</day>
          <year>2018</year>
          <volume>379</volume>
          <issue>10</issue>
          <fpage>924</fpage>
          <lpage>933</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1056/NEJMoa1805971</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation>2. Miller JM, Rochitte CE, Dewey M, Arbab-zaode h A, Nimuna H, Gottlieb I, et al. Diagnostic performance of coronary angiography by 64-row CT. <italic>N Engl J Med</italic> . Nov 27 2008;359(22):2324-36. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0806576</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Miller</surname>
              <given-names>JM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Rochitte</surname>
              <given-names>CE</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Dewey</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Arbab-zaode h</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Nimuna</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Gottlieb</surname>
              <given-names>I</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Diagnostic performance of coronary angiography by 64-row CT</article-title>
          <source>N Engl J Med</source>
          <month>11</month>
          <day>27</day>
          <year>2008</year>
          <volume>359</volume>
          <issue>22</issue>
          <fpage>2324</fpage>
          <lpage>2336</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1056/NEJMoa0806576</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B3">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation>3. Knuuti J, Wijns W, Saraste A. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes: The Task Force for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). <italic>Eur Heart J.2020;41(3):407-77</italic> . 2019;European Heart Journal. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz425</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Knuuti</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Wijns</surname>
              <given-names>W</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Saraste</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes: The Task Force for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)</article-title>
          <source>Eur Heart J</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>41</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>407</fpage>
          <lpage>477</lpage>
          <comment>2019;European Heart Journal</comment>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/eurheartj/ehz425</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B4">
        <label>4</label>
        <mixed-citation>4. Meijboom WB, Meijs MF, Schuijf JD, Millet N, Mieghem C, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of 64-slice computed tomography coronary angiography: a prospective, multicenter, multivendor study. <italic>J Am Coll Cardiol</italic> . Dec 16 2008;52(25):2135-44. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.08.058</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Meijboom</surname>
              <given-names>WB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Meijs</surname>
              <given-names>MF</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Schuijf</surname>
              <given-names>JD</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Millet</surname>
              <given-names>N</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mieghem</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Diagnostic accuracy of 64-slice computed tomography coronary angiography: a prospective, multicenter, multivendor study</article-title>
          <source>J Am Coll Cardiol</source>
          <month>12</month>
          <day>16</day>
          <year>2008</year>
          <volume>52</volume>
          <issue>25</issue>
          <fpage>2135</fpage>
          <lpage>2144</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jacc.2008.08.058</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B5">
        <label>5</label>
        <mixed-citation>5. Magalhaes TA, Cury RC, Cerci RJ, Parga Filho R, Gottilieb J, Nacaf MS, et al. Evaluation of Myocardial Perfusion by Computed Tomography - Principles, Technical Background and Recommendations. <italic>Arq Bras Cardiol</italic> . 2019;113(4):758-767. doi:10.5935/abc.20190217</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Magalhaes</surname>
              <given-names>TA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cury</surname>
              <given-names>RC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cerci</surname>
              <given-names>RJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Parga</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
              <suffix>Filho</suffix>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Gottilieb</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Nacaf</surname>
              <given-names>MS</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Evaluation of Myocardial Perfusion by Computed Tomography - Principles, Technical Background and Recommendations</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2019</year>
          <volume>113</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>758</fpage>
          <lpage>767</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20190217</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B6">
        <label>6</label>
        <mixed-citation>6. Norgaard BL, Leipsic J, Gaur S, Seneviratne S, Ko BS, Ito H, et al. Diagnostic performance of noninvasive fractional flow reserve derived from coronary computed tomography angiography in suspected coronary artery disease: the NXT trial (Analysis of Coronary Blood Flow Using CT Angiography: Next Steps). <italic>J Am Coll Cardiol</italic> . Apr 1 2014;63(12):1145-55. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.11.043</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Norgaard</surname>
              <given-names>BL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Leipsic</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Gaur</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Seneviratne</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ko</surname>
              <given-names>BS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ito</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Diagnostic performance of noninvasive fractional flow reserve derived from coronary computed tomography angiography in suspected coronary artery disease: the NXT trial (Analysis of Coronary Blood Flow Using CT Angiography: Next Steps)</article-title>
          <source>J Am Coll Cardiol</source>
          <month>04</month>
          <day>1</day>
          <year>2014</year>
          <volume>63</volume>
          <issue>12</issue>
          <fpage>1145</fpage>
          <lpage>1155</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jacc.2013.11.043</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B7">
        <label>7</label>
        <mixed-citation>7. Min JK, Leipsic J, Pencina MJ, Berman D, Koo B-K, Mieghem C, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of fractional flow reserve from anatomic CT angiography. <italic>JAMA</italic> . Sep 26 2012;308(12):1237-45. doi:10.1001/2012.jama.11274</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Min</surname>
              <given-names>JK</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Leipsic</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pencina</surname>
              <given-names>MJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Berman</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Koo</surname>
              <given-names>B-K</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mieghem</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Diagnostic accuracy of fractional flow reserve from anatomic CT angiography</article-title>
          <source>JAMA</source>
          <month>09</month>
          <day>26</day>
          <year>2012</year>
          <volume>308</volume>
          <issue>12</issue>
          <fpage>1237</fpage>
          <lpage>1245</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1001/2012.jama.11274</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B8">
        <label>8</label>
        <mixed-citation>8. Tesche C, De Cecco CN, Albrecht MH, Bouer MJ, Savage BH, Paemelit JT, et al. et al. Coronary CT Angiography-derived Fractional Flow Reserve. <italic>Radiology</italic> . Oct 2017;285(1):17-33. doi:10.1148/radiol.2017162641</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Tesche</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>De Cecco</surname>
              <given-names>CN</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Albrecht</surname>
              <given-names>MH</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bouer</surname>
              <given-names>MJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Savage</surname>
              <given-names>BH</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Paemelit</surname>
              <given-names>JT</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Coronary CT Angiography-derived Fractional Flow Reserve</article-title>
          <source>Radiology</source>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2017</year>
          <volume>285</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>17</fpage>
          <lpage>33</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1148/radiol.2017162641</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B9">
        <label>9</label>
        <mixed-citation>9. Morais, TC, Assun&#231;&#227;o-Jr AN, Dantas J&#250;nior RN, Silva CFG, Paula CB, Torres RA, et al. Diagnostic Performance of a Machine Learning-Based CT-Derived FFR in Detecting Flow-Limiting Stenosis. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 116(6):1091-1098.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Morais</surname>
              <given-names>TC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Assun&#231;&#227;o-Jr</surname>
              <given-names>AN</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Dantas</surname>
              <given-names>RN</given-names>
              <suffix>J&#250;nior</suffix>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Silva</surname>
              <given-names>CFG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Paula</surname>
              <given-names>CB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Torres</surname>
              <given-names>RA</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Diagnostic Performance of a Machine Learning-Based CT-Derived FFR in Detecting Flow-Limiting Stenosis</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2021</year>
          <volume>116</volume>
          <issue>6</issue>
          <fpage>1091</fpage>
          <lpage>1098</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B10">
        <label>10</label>
        <mixed-citation>10. Itu L, Rapaka S, Passerini T, Georges AB, Schwemmer C, Schoebinger M, et al. A machine-learning approach for computation of fractional flow reserve from coronary computed tomography. <italic>J Appl Physiol (1985)</italic> . Jul 1 2016;121(1):42-52. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00752.2015</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Itu</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Rapaka</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Passerini</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Georges</surname>
              <given-names>AB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Schwemmer</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Schoebinger</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>A machine-learning approach for computation of fractional flow reserve from coronary computed tomography</article-title>
          <source>J Appl Physiol (1985)</source>
          <month>07</month>
          <day>1</day>
          <year>2016</year>
          <volume>121</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>42</fpage>
          <lpage>52</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1152/japplphysiol.00752.2015</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B11">
        <label>11</label>
        <mixed-citation>11. Coenen A, Lubbers MM, Kurata A, Kono A, Dedic A, Chelu R, et al. Fractional flow reserve computed from noninvasive CT angiography data: diagnostic performance of an on-site clinician-operated computational fluid dynamics algorithm. <italic>Radiology</italic> . Mar 2015;274(3):674-83. doi:10.1148/radiol.14140992</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Coenen</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lubbers</surname>
              <given-names>MM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kurata</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kono</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Dedic</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Chelu</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Fractional flow reserve computed from noninvasive CT angiography data: diagnostic performance of an on-site clinician-operated computational fluid dynamics algorithm</article-title>
          <source>Radiology</source>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2015</year>
          <volume>274</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>674</fpage>
          <lpage>683</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1148/radiol.14140992</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B12">
        <label>12</label>
        <mixed-citation>12. Driessen RS, Danad I, Stuijfzand WJ, Raijmakers Dc, Underwood SR, van der Ven, et al. Comparison of Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography, Fractional Flow Reserve, and Perfusion Imaging for Ischemia Diagnosis. <italic>J Am Coll Cardiol</italic> . Jan 22 2019;73(2):161-173. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.10.056</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Driessen</surname>
              <given-names>RS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Danad</surname>
              <given-names>I</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Stuijfzand</surname>
              <given-names>WJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Dc</surname>
              <given-names>Raijmakers</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Underwood</surname>
              <given-names>SR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ven</surname>
              <given-names>van der</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Comparison of Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography, Fractional Flow Reserve, and Perfusion Imaging for Ischemia Diagnosis</article-title>
          <source>J Am Coll Cardiol</source>
          <month>01</month>
          <day>22</day>
          <year>2019</year>
          <volume>73</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>161</fpage>
          <lpage>173</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jacc.2018.10.056</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B13">
        <label>13</label>
        <mixed-citation>13. Prazeres CEE, Salvatti NB, de Carvalho HdSM, et al. Fractional Flow Reserve by Tomography Diagnostic Performance in the Detection of Coronary Stenoses Hemodynamically Significant. <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia: Imagem cardiovascular</italic> . 2020;33(3)doi:10.5935/2318-8219.20200037</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Prazeres</surname>
              <given-names>CEE</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Salvatti</surname>
              <given-names>NB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>de Carvalho</surname>
              <given-names>HdSM</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Fractional Flow Reserve by Tomography Diagnostic Performance in the Detection of Coronary Stenoses Hemodynamically Significant</article-title>
          <source>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia: Imagem cardiovascular</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>33</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/2318-8219.20200037</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B14">
        <label>14</label>
        <mixed-citation>14. Fairbairn TA, Nieman K, Akasaka T, Norgaard BL, Berman DS, Raff G, et al. Real-world clinical utility and impact on clinical decision-making of coronary computed tomography angiography-derived fractional flow reserve: lessons from the ADVANCE Registry. <italic>Eur Heart J.</italic> Nov 1 2018;39(41):3701-3711. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehy530</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Fairbairn</surname>
              <given-names>TA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Nieman</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Akasaka</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Norgaard</surname>
              <given-names>BL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Berman</surname>
              <given-names>DS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Raff</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Real-world clinical utility and impact on clinical decision-making of coronary computed tomography angiography-derived fractional flow reserve: lessons from the ADVANCE Registry</article-title>
          <source>Eur Heart J</source>
          <month>11</month>
          <day>1</day>
          <year>2018</year>
          <volume>39</volume>
          <issue>41</issue>
          <fpage>3701</fpage>
          <lpage>3711</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/eurheartj/ehy530</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Performance Diagn&#243;stica da FFR por Angiotomografia de Coron&#225;rias atrav&#233;s de Software Baseado em Intelig&#234;ncia Artificial</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>One-Stop Shop for Non-Invasive Cardiovascular Imagers?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3913-7181</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Cerci</surname>
            <given-names>Rodrigo Julio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Shiosaki</surname>
            <given-names>Afonso Akio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3001">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Quanta Diagn&#243;stico por Imagem, Curitiba, PR - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro Diagn&#243;stico do Hospital Paran&#225;, Maring&#225;, PR - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3001">
        <label>3</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">&#212;mega Diagn&#243;stico, Londrina, PR - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Rodrigo Julio Cerci &#8226; Quanta Diagn&#243;stico por Imagem -Rua Almirante Tamandar&#233;, 1000. Postal Code 80045-170, Curitiba, PR &#8211; Brazil E-mail: rodrigo@quantamn.com.br, rjcerci@gmail.com</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Coronary, Tomography</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronary Artery Disease</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial Perfusion</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnostic, imaging</kwd>
        <kwd>Diagnostic, Imaging/trends</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Over the past fifteen years, coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) has witnessed rapid technological and scientific advances in the detection of anatomical coronary artery disease (CAD), leading to an improvement in patient care.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Visual assessment of stenosis severity using CCTA has a high sensitivity and negative predictive value when compared to invasive angiography, making it an ideal test to exclude obstructive CAD.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> With its high diagnostic performance associated with an important prognostic impact in the management of CAD, CCTA has finally established itself as a Class I recommendation in international guidelines (European Society of Cardiology &#8211; ESC).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>However, CCTA is limited by modest diagnostic specificity and only provides anatomical assessment, which does not inform hemodynamic significance of specific lesions.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> CCTA combined with stress tomography evaluation of myocardial perfusion (CTP) is an accurate modality to determine regional myocardial flow repercussions of coronary stenosis, though it usually requires additional acquisition and is still underused.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Derived flow fractional reserve &#8211; computed tomography (FFR-CT) is another &#8220;physiologic&#8221; CT approach in which computational fluid dynamics is applied to standard CCTA data and has emerged as a promising tool for the functional assessment of coronary stenosis. The diagnostic value of remotely performed FFR-CT has been prospectively validated in several large multicenter studies, but requires the use of offsite supercomputers, which can be time-consuming and cost-intensive, limiting its widespread clinical utility.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The paper by Morais et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> presented data from 93 patients submitted to CCTA in scanners from different generations, applying a FFR-CT technique that can be performed on site and in real time, using artificial intelligence tools in a prototype software that runs on a standard workstation. This tool abbreviates the need of supercomputers to perform coronary flow reserve calculations that usually take up to 48 hours, coupled with an additional cost for the coronary functional analysis that is currently performed by unique offsite software, preventing universal access to all patients who could benefit from this technology. Unlike the offsite FFR-CT, onsite FFR-CT estimates the coronary flow reserve by a deep learning algorithm based on anatomical maps of coronary arteries, as well as degrees of stenosis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Although limited by referral bias from a relatively small, unicenter, and retrospective analysis, the authors must be congratulated for reproducing similar results when compared to larger offsite FFR-CT trials. This means that one may expect the same results, as well as the same limitations for the onsite FFR-CT. It should be noted that the data are consistent with findings of several studies in which, compared to CCTA and SPECT, FFR-CT has superior diagnostic accuracy in discriminating ischemia (AUC = 0,93).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
      <p>For routine application, however, clinicians must have in mind that the FFR-CT cut point of &lt; 0.80 derived a false negative rate of 12% while a cutoff point of &lt; 0.85 derived only 6% of false negatives and may be a more conservative and safer approach to using FFR-CT as a gatekeeper for invasive angiography.</p>
      <p>Unfortunately, FFR-CT is not for all patients, as evaluation of stent or graft patency was not yet validated. Also, heavy calcified, ostial, and bifurcated lesions remain a challenge. Another important hurdle is image quality, which needs to be free of motion and step artifacts to be processed, leaving a variable but significant rejection rate of 3 to 20%.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Nevertheless, the possibility of an onsite FFR-CT has been the dream of cardiovascular CT imagers, integrating anatomical and physiological data into a single set of acquisition data (one-stop shop), increasing the test&#8217;s resolution in a democratic manner, with much less time of analysis and costs when compared to offsite FFR-CT. The article from Morais et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> brings us closer to the &#8220;dream coming true&#8221;.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Diagnostic Performance of a Machine Learning-Based CT-Derived FFR in Detecting Flow-Limiting Stenosis</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
