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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">jnMQyZgV8FF3ZM8G4KtKXhg</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2021000701089</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20210151</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20210151</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Infec&#231;&#245;es de Dispositivos Card&#237;acos Eletr&#244;nicos Implant&#225;veis &#8211; Uma Realidade Crescente e Preocupante</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8975-1182</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Rocha</surname>
            <given-names>Eduardo Arrais</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ara&#250;jo</surname>
            <given-names>Jo&#227;o Lins de</given-names>
            <suffix>Neto</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6992-9318</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Ricardo Pereira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label> 1 </label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Cear&#225;</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Fortaleza</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">CE</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original"> Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Cear&#225; , Fortaleza , CE - Brasil </institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label> 2 </label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Centro de Arritmia do Cear&#225;</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Fortaleza</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">CE</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original"> Centro de Arritmia do Cear&#225; , Fortaleza , CE - Brasil </institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label> 3 </label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Cear&#225;</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital Universit&#225;rio Walter Cant&#237;dio</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Fortaleza</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">CE</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original"> Universidade Federal do Cear&#225; - Hospital Universit&#225;rio Walter Cant&#237;dio , Fortaleza , CE - Brasil </institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01">Correspond&#234;ncia: Eduardo Arrais Rocha &#8226; Av. Padre Ant&#244;nio Tom&#225;s, 3535. CEP 60192-120, Fortaleza, CE - Brasil E-mail: <email>eduardoarraisrocha@gmail.com</email> , <email>eduardoa@cardiol.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>14</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>116</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>1089</fpage>
      <lpage>1090</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Endocardite</kwd>
        <kwd>Sepses</kwd>
        <kwd>Marca-passos</kwd>
        <kwd>Desfibriladores Card&#237;acos</kwd>
        <kwd>Ecotransesof&#225;gico</kwd>
        <kwd>Tomografia por Emiss&#227;o de P&#243;sitrons</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="13"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>As taxas de infec&#231;&#227;o de dispositivos card&#237;acos eletr&#244;nicos implant&#225;veis (DCEI) t&#234;m crescido, determinando a necessidade de um amplo debate sobre o assunto. Diversas raz&#245;es podem justificar o ocorrido, como: maior n&#250;mero de dispositivos implantados nos &#250;ltimos anos, maior envelhecimento da popula&#231;&#227;o, novas t&#233;cnicas e equipamentos, com procedimentos mais complexos e prolongados. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Maciel e Silva <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> abordam esse t&#243;pico de maneira clara, objetiva, trazendo uma importante contribui&#231;&#227;o da literatura nacional, em expressiva casu&#237;stica, confirmando esses achados preocupantes, assim como discutindo suas repercuss&#245;es, considerando as elevadas taxas de morbimortalidade e os altos custos envolvidos, principalmente nos quadros de endocardites e sepses.</p>
    <p>O trabalho apresenta dados novos em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; evolu&#231;&#227;o dos pacientes com cardiopatia chag&#225;sica e DCEI, mostrando n&#227;o haver diferen&#231;as em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224;s vari&#225;veis cl&#237;nicas, laboratoriais ou progn&#243;sticas, quando esses apresentam infec&#231;&#245;es nos dispositivos. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O estudo, por ser retrospectivo, apresenta algumas limita&#231;&#245;es inerentes, tanto as citadas no texto quanto o fato de terem sido inclu&#237;dos pacientes de diferentes &#233;pocas, com terap&#234;uticas distintas, envolvendo at&#233; as mais modernas t&#233;cnicas de extra&#231;&#227;o de eletrodos. Tal fato mereceria uma compara&#231;&#227;o das taxas de eventos em cada ano para avalia&#231;&#227;o do impacto dos novos conhecimentos adquiridos e das novas t&#233;cnicas utilizadas no tratamento desta grave complica&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    <p>O uso de novas t&#233;cnicas diagn&#243;sticas, como os exames de imagem (tomografia de emiss&#227;o de p&#243;sitrons &#8211; PET-CT, tomografia computadorizada card&#237;aca e cintilografia mioc&#225;rdica com leuc&#243;citos marcados) para aux&#237;lio do diagn&#243;stico de infec&#231;&#227;o dos eletrodos e visualiza&#231;&#227;o de suas complica&#231;&#245;es, como embolias inesperadas ou infec&#231;&#245;es metast&#225;ticas, t&#234;m crescido bastante na literatura, o que n&#227;o p&#244;de ser expressado no presente trabalho. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A ecocardiografia intracard&#237;aca tem se mostrado &#250;til em alguns cen&#225;rios, possibilitando a bi&#243;psia da massa, podendo auxiliar o diagn&#243;stico diferencial entre trombo e vegeta&#231;&#227;o. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Entretanto, o ecocardiograma transesof&#225;gico mant&#233;m-se como principal exame de imagem no aux&#237;lio diagn&#243;stico e de conduta, devendo ser repetido ap&#243;s uma semana, quando inicialmente negativo.</p>
    <p>Considerando o cen&#225;rio de aumento de procedimentos e complica&#231;&#245;es, diversos aspectos devem ser rigorosamente analisados e seguidos, como: a necessidade de t&#233;cnicas cir&#250;rgicas apuradas, com amplia&#231;&#245;es da loja dos DCEI, principalmente nas trocas; a utiliza&#231;&#227;o de implantes submusculares, evitando ou minimizando as extrus&#245;es dos geradores; o uso de rigorosa t&#233;cnica de assepsia e hemostasia; o uso de t&#233;cnicas e fios de suturas adequados e a realiza&#231;&#227;o de procedimentos em ambiente cir&#250;rgico, com perfeitas condi&#231;&#245;es ass&#233;pticas, muitas vezes n&#227;o dispon&#237;veis nas usuais salas de hemodin&#226;mica, onde ocorre a grande parte dos implantes. A antibioticoprofilaxia com dose &#250;nica no in&#237;cio da cirurgia segue como medida efetiva nas diretrizes. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Situa&#231;&#245;es muito comuns como implantes em pacientes cr&#244;nicos, com cateteres de di&#225;lise, com cateteres centrais, marca-passos provis&#243;rios, principalmente com tempo prolongado e implantados &#224;s vezes em situa&#231;&#245;es de urg&#234;ncia, pacientes com tempo hospitalar prolongado, em unidades de terapia intensiva, com demora para o implante, &#224;s vezes por quest&#245;es relacionadas &#224; autoriza&#231;&#227;o e libera&#231;&#227;o da pr&#243;tese, precisam urgentemente ser rediscutidas e resolvidas pelas diversas entidades envolvidas.</p>
    <p>A gravidade dos doentes que est&#227;o sendo submetidos aos implantes tamb&#233;m precisa ser repensada, principalmente em procedimentos eletivos e de preven&#231;&#227;o prim&#225;ria. Pela pr&#243;pria gravidade da doen&#231;a, muitos n&#227;o ter&#227;o tempo suficiente para benef&#237;cio de um implante de DCEI preventivo, como no caso dos cardiodesfibriladores implant&#225;veis.</p>
    <p>A necessidade de equipes multidisciplinares para tratamento desta grave patologia (&#8220; <italic>endocarditis team</italic> &#8221;) &#233; de extrema import&#226;ncia, com envolvimento do especialista em estimula&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca, infectologista, microbiologista, radiologista, intensivista, internista, considerando que a implementa&#231;&#227;o de um diagn&#243;stico etiol&#243;gico preciso e terap&#234;utica apropriada &#233; fundamental. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A identifica&#231;&#227;o microbiol&#243;gica do germe muitas vezes necessita de t&#233;cnica de semeio mais prolongada, para germes at&#237;picos e de crescimento lento, com maior n&#250;mero de amostras (&gt;3 amostras) e repeti&#231;&#227;o das coletas com intervalos maiores, permitindo a institui&#231;&#227;o de uma terap&#234;utica antibi&#243;tica direcionada para os pat&#243;genos identificados. O tempo inadequado de terapia antibi&#243;tica e principalmente a n&#227;o retirada completa do sistema, tem levado &#224; maior taxa de recorr&#234;ncias e de morbimortalidade. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O time de especialistas permitir&#225; uma discuss&#227;o conjunta dos profissionais e da fam&#237;lia, visando uma r&#225;pida decis&#227;o sobre a retirada do sistema, com planejamento sequencial sobre o novo implante, nunca devendo, entretanto, ser considerada a possibilidade de n&#227;o o fazer, como em situa&#231;&#245;es muito espec&#237;ficas. Talvez de todos os aspectos mencionados, o avan&#231;o das t&#233;cnicas de extra&#231;&#227;o e a experi&#234;ncia das equipes sejam os mais importantes a serem considerados dentro da realidade nacional. As sociedades nacionais precisam se mobilizar nesse sentido. Ap&#243;s a decis&#227;o de novo implante, deve-se considerar, quando dispon&#237;vel, o uso dos dispositivos subcut&#226;neos como os desfibriladores e os marca-passos sem eletrodos, que t&#234;m demonstrado menores taxas de infec&#231;&#245;es, principalmente de endocardite e sepse. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
    <p>As diversas diretrizes e estudos vigentes j&#225; publicados <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> deveriam servir para uniformizar e organizar as condutas, o que levaria a uma menor taxa de complica&#231;&#245;es e mortalidade. A SOBRAC &#8211; Sociedade Brasileira de Arritmias Card&#237;acas &#8211; est&#225; finalizando suas diretrizes em 2021, com amplo cap&#237;tulo sobre o t&#243;pico, que ajudar&#225; bastante na resolu&#231;&#227;o dessas quest&#245;es, tendo tamb&#233;m a Sociedade Latino-Americana de Ritmo Card&#237;aco (LAHRS) participado ativamente da recente diretriz. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Dentro desses aspectos citados, Maciel e Silva permitiram &#224; comunidade cient&#237;fica uma ampla discuss&#227;o sobre o assunto, com a riqueza de dados do trabalho, e gerou a necessidade de padroniza&#231;&#245;es das sociedades locais e nacional, visando &#224; monitoriza&#231;&#227;o e redu&#231;&#227;o das taxas de infec&#231;&#227;o e suas graves consequ&#234;ncias associadas.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Perfil Cl&#237;nico e Evolu&#231;&#227;o de Pacientes com Infec&#231;&#227;o Relacionada a Dispositivos Card&#237;acos Eletr&#244;nicos Implant&#225;veis</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Infections of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices &#8211; A Growing, Worrying Reality</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8975-1182</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Rocha</surname>
            <given-names>Eduardo Arrais</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ara&#250;jo</surname>
            <given-names>Jo&#227;o Lins de</given-names>
            <suffix>Neto</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6992-9318</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Ricardo Pereira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3001">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Cear&#225;, Fortaleza, CE - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro de Arritmia do Cear&#225;, Fortaleza, CE - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3001">
        <label>3</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Cear&#225; - Hospital Universit&#225;rio Walter Cant&#237;dio, Fortaleza, CE - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Eduardo Arrais Rocha &#8226; Av. Padre Ant&#244;nio Tom&#225;s, 3535. Postal Code 60192-120, Fortaleza, CE - Brazil E-mail: eduardoarraisrocha@gmail.com, eduardoa@cardiol.br</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Endocarditis</kwd>
        <kwd>Sepsis</kwd>
        <kwd>Pacemakers</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiac Defibrillators</kwd>
        <kwd>Ecotransesophageal</kwd>
        <kwd>Positron Emission Tomography</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Infection rates of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices (CIEDs) have been increasing, determining the need for a wide debate on the subject. Several reasons can justify the issue, such as: a greater number of devices implanted over the latest years, overaging of the population, new techniques and equipment, with more complex and prolonged procedures.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Maciel and Silva<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> address this topic in a clear, objective manner, bringing an important contribution from the national literature, in a significant case selection, confirming those worrying findings and discussing their impacts, considering the high rates of morbidity and mortality and high costs involved, particularly in the cases of endocarditis and sepsis.</p>
      <p>The work presents new data regarding the evolution of patients with Chagas&#8217; heart disease and CIED, showing that there are no differences in relation to clinical, laboratory or prognostic variables, when their devices are shown to have infections.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>As a retrospective study, it has some inherent limitations, well referred to in its content, such as the inclusion of patients from different periods, under varied therapeutic approaches, including even the most cutting-edge electrode extraction techniques. Such fact should deserve an yearly comparison of the event rates in order to assess the impact of the latest knowledge acquired and the new techniques used in the treatment of such a severe complication.</p>
      <p>The use of new diagnostic techniques, such as imaging exams (Positron Emission Tomography with Computed Tomography - PET/CT, Cardiac Computed Tomography and Myocardial Scintigraphy with marked leukocytes) to aid in the diagnosis of infection of the electrodes and visualization of their complications, such as unexpected embolisms or metastatic infections, has grown considerably in the literature, which could not be expressed in the present study.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Intracardiac echocardiography has been shown to be useful in some scenarios, enabling mass biopsy, which may assist in the differential diagnosis between thrombus and vegetation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> However, transesophageal echocardiography remains the main imaging test for diagnostic and conduct assistance, and should be repeated after one week, when initially negative.</p>
      <p>Considering the scenario of increased procedures and complications, several aspects must be thoroughly analyzed and followed, such as: the need for refined surgical techniques, with expanded DCEI store availability, chiefly for exchanges; the use of submuscular implants, avoiding or minimizing extrusions of generators; the use of rigorous aseptic and hemostatic techniques; the use of appropriate suture stitching techniques and the performance of procedures in a surgical environment, with perfect aseptic conditions, often unavailable in the usual hemodynamic rooms, where most of the implants occur. Single-dose antibiotic prophylaxis at the beginning of surgery remains an effective measure in the guidelines.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Very common situations such as implants in chronic patients, with dialysis catheters, central catheters, temporary pacemakers, particularly those the time of which was prolonged and sometimes implanted in urgent situations, patients with prolonged hospital stay, in intensive care units, facing delay for implantation, sometimes due to issues related to the authorization and release of the prosthesis, they urgently need to be discussed and resolved by the various entities involved.</p>
      <p>The severity of patients who are undergoing implants also needs to be rethought, particularly in elective and primary prevention procedures, since due to the severity of the disease, many will not have enough time to benefit from a preventive CIED implant, as in the case of implantable cardiodefibrillators.</p>
      <p>The need for multidisciplinary teams to treat this severe pathology (&#8220;endocarditis team&#8221;) is extremely important, with the involvement of a specialist in cardiac stimulation, infectious disease, microbiologist, radiologist, intensivist, internist, considering that the implementation of an accurate etiological diagnosis and appropriate therapeutic approach is paramount.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The microbiological identification of the germ often requires a longer sowing technique, for atypical and slow-growing germs, with a greater number of samples (&gt; 3 samples) and repetition of the collections with greater intervals, thus allowing an antibiotic therapy directed to the pathogens identified. The inadequate duration of antibiotic therapy and especially the failure to completely remove the system has led to a higher rate of recurrences and morbidity and mortality.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The team of specialists will allow a joint discussion of the professionals and the family, aiming at a quick decision on the removal of the system, with sequential planning on the new implant, however, the possibility of not doing so should ever be considered, as in very specific situations. Perhaps, out of all the aspects mentioned, the advancement of extraction techniques and the experience of the teams are the most important elements to be considered within the national reality. National societies need to mobilize in this regard. After the decision for a new implant, the use of subcutaneous devices, such as defibrillators and pacemakers without electrodes, should be considered when available, which have shown lower rates of infections, mainly of endocarditis and sepsis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The various guidelines and current studies already published<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> should serve to standardize and organize the conduct, which would lead to a lower rate of complications and mortality. SOBRAC - Brazilian Society of Cardiac Arrhythmias is finalizing its guidelines in 2021, with a broad chapter on the topic, which will help a lot in the resolution of these issues, and the Latin American Society of Cardiac Rhythm (LAHRS) has also actively participated in the recent guideline.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Within these aspects mentioned, Maciel and Silva allowed the scientific community to have a wide discussion on the subject, with the wealth of data on the work and generated the need for standardization of local and national society, aiming at monitoring and reducing infection rates and their serious associated consequences.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <label/>
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Clinical Profile and Outcome of Patients with Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device-Related Infection</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
