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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">RmHdKzWkLYrxnvfBVDzzjSd</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2021000701070</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20210392</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20210392</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Insufici&#234;ncia Mitral e Troca Valvar A&#243;rtica Transcateter: H&#225; Outras Implica&#231;&#245;es Progn&#243;sticas?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2720-8595</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Santis</surname>
            <given-names>Antonio de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label> 1 </label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Unidade Clinica de Valvopatia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original"> Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o - Unidade Clinica de Valvopatia , S&#227;o Paulo , SP - Brasil </institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01">Correspond&#234;ncia: Antonio de Santis &#8226; Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o - Unidade Clinica de Valvopatia &#8211; Av. Dr. Eneas Carvalho de Aguiar, 44. CEP 05403-000, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil E-mail: <email>antonio.santis@einstein.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>14</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>116</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>1070</fpage>
      <lpage>1071</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia da Valva Mitral/cirurgia</kwd>
        <kwd>Idoso</kwd>
        <kwd>Morbimortalidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Substitui&#231;&#227;o de Valva A&#243;rtica Transcateter</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="9"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>H&#225; uma preval&#234;ncia vari&#225;vel de regurgita&#231;&#227;o mitral moderada a grave (13 a 74%) em pacientes com estenose a&#243;rtica degenerativa grave. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Em pacientes idosos e fr&#225;geis, essa associa&#231;&#227;o pode gerar dilemas cl&#237;nicos na pr&#225;tica cardiol&#243;gica: devo submeter meu paciente a cirurgia valvar combinada, com exposi&#231;&#227;o a maior morbimortalidade, ou contemplar apenas a estenose a&#243;rtica grave com um tratamento menos agressivo representado pela troca valvar a&#243;rtica transcateter (TAVR, do ingl&#234;s <italic>transcatheter aortic valve replacement</italic> )? Os graus vari&#225;veis de gravidade, aliados &#224; etiologia comumente funcional (at&#233; 80%) da regurgita&#231;&#227;o mitral associada, colocam a estenose da v&#225;lvula a&#243;rtica em uma posi&#231;&#227;o de destaque nesta hierarquia cl&#237;nica com uma predile&#231;&#227;o resultante para realiza&#231;&#227;o da TAVR nesses cen&#225;rios. De fato, alguns estudos apresentaram melhora na gravidade da regurgita&#231;&#227;o mitral ap&#243;s a TAVR, principalmente em pacientes com etiologia funcional e sem hipertens&#227;o pulmonar ou fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O impacto da regurgita&#231;&#227;o mitral basal em pacientes submetidos a TAVR ainda &#233; controverso. Toggweiler et al., <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> descobriram que a regurgita&#231;&#227;o mitral basal moderada a grave em pacientes submetidos a TAVR estava associada a taxas mais altas de mortalidade precoce (primeiros 30 dias), sem diferen&#231;a na mortalidade tardia. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Pelo contr&#225;rio, Barbanti et al., <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> utilizando dados da coorte A do estudo randomizado <italic>Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valve</italic> (PARTNER), descobriram que a regurgita&#231;&#227;o mitral basal moderada a grave estava associada a mortalidade tardia mais alta apenas no grupo de substitui&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica da v&#225;lvula a&#243;rtica, sem implica&#231;&#227;o progn&#243;stica no grupo TAVR. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Um aspecto muito relevante e ainda pouco explorado &#233; o valor progn&#243;stico das altera&#231;&#245;es no grau de gravidade da regurgita&#231;&#227;o mitral ap&#243;s a TAVR. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo conduzido por Cunha et al. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> consolida o papel da regurgita&#231;&#227;o mitral como marcador progn&#243;stico ap&#243;s a TAVR, enfatizando que a piora prospectiva da regurgita&#231;&#227;o mitral &#233; um preditor independente de mortalidade no per&#237;odo p&#243;s-TAVR. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Ao utilizar o registro brasileiro de TAVR, os autores tiveram acesso a dados de 22 centros nacionais, permitindo a inclus&#227;o de 795 pacientes para an&#225;lise. Dentre os selecionados, 19,3% apresentavam insufici&#234;ncia mitral basal moderada a grave associada a estenose a&#243;rtica grave. Os preditores independentes relatados de mortalidade tardia (seguimento m&#233;dio de 16,6 meses) foram: doen&#231;a vascular perif&#233;rica, valvuloplastia a&#243;rtica por bal&#227;o anterior e insufici&#234;ncia mitral basal moderada a grave, como demonstrado em estudos anteriores.</p>
    <p>Houve melhora da regurgita&#231;&#227;o mitral em quase 50% dos pacientes com refluxo moderado a grave, enquanto uma pequena parcela dos pacientes apresentou piora da regurgita&#231;&#227;o mitral (8,7%). Esse achado, assim como as evid&#234;ncias anteriores, refor&#231;a que a TAVR, ao reduzir as press&#245;es de enchimento ventricular e restaurar um fluxo adequado na via de sa&#237;da do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo, pode determinar uma redu&#231;&#227;o no volume regurgitante mitral. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Curiosamente, os autores descobriram que os pacientes com melhora na regurgita&#231;&#227;o mitral no per&#237;odo p&#243;s-TAVR apresentaram uma fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o basal mais baixa. Nesses casos, a influ&#234;ncia da TAVR na redu&#231;&#227;o do volume diast&#243;lico final e na remodela&#231;&#227;o ventricular reversa pode favorecer a geometria do anel valvar mitral, principalmente nas etiologias funcionais. Infelizmente, n&#227;o foi poss&#237;vel determinar a etiologia da regurgita&#231;&#227;o mitral na popula&#231;&#227;o estudada. Al&#233;m disso, um dos achados mais reveladores do presente estudo foi o impacto negativo da piora da gravidade da insufici&#234;ncia mitral no seguimento tardio desses pacientes, levando &#224; maior mortalidade representada pelas curvas espec&#237;ficas de Kaplan-Meier.</p>
    <p>O agravamento da regurgita&#231;&#227;o mitral no per&#237;odo p&#243;s-TAVR poderia ser outro potencial preditor de desfecho, refor&#231;ando a import&#226;ncia da monitora&#231;&#227;o ecocardiogr&#225;fica peri&#243;dica durante o acompanhamento cl&#237;nico desses pacientes. Essa progress&#227;o tamb&#233;m sugere que as abordagens complacentes usuais, como as terapias farmacol&#243;gicas, podem n&#227;o ser suficientes para evitar desfechos negativos. Possivelmente, o uso de estrat&#233;gias de corre&#231;&#227;o percut&#226;nea para insufici&#234;ncia mitral grave no per&#237;odo p&#243;s-TAVR poderia ser mais explorado, sempre com base em decis&#245;es colegiadas por equipes card&#237;acas institucionais.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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              <surname>Boone</surname>
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              <surname>Smith</surname>
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              <surname>Zajarias</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
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              <surname>Thompson</surname>
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            </name>
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              <surname>Green</surname>
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            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Babaliaros</surname>
              <given-names>V</given-names>
            </name>
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              <surname>Makkar</surname>
              <given-names>RR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Szeto</surname>
              <given-names>WY</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Douglas</surname>
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            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>McAndrew</surname>
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            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hueter</surname>
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            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Miller</surname>
              <given-names>DC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Leon</surname>
              <given-names>MB</given-names>
            </name>
            <collab>Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valve Trial Investigators</collab>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Impact of preoperative moderate/severe mitral regurgitation on 2-year outcome after transcatheter and surgical aortic valve replacement: insight from the Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valve (PARTNER) Trial Cohort A</article-title>
          <source>Circulation</source>
          <year>2013</year>
          <month>12</month>
          <day>24</day>
          <volume>128</volume>
          <issue>25</issue>
          <fpage>2776</fpage>
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        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B9">
        <label>9</label>
        <mixed-citation>9. Cunha LCBP, Guerios EE, Cunha CLP, Carvalho LA, Lemos Neto P, Sarmento-Leite R. Relationship between Mitral Regurgitation and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: a Multi-Institutional Follow-up Study. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 116(6):1059-1069.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Cunha</surname>
              <given-names>LCBP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Guerios</surname>
              <given-names>EE</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cunha</surname>
              <given-names>CLP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Carvalho</surname>
              <given-names>LA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lemos</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
              <suffix>Neto</suffix>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sarmento-Leite</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
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          </person-group>
          <article-title>Relationship between Mitral Regurgitation and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: a Multi-Institutional Follow-up Study</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2021</year>
          <volume>116</volume>
          <issue>6</issue>
          <fpage>1059</fpage>
          <lpage>1069</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: A Rela&#231;&#227;o entre Regurgita&#231;&#227;o Mitral e Implante Transcateter de V&#225;lvula A&#243;rtica: um Estudo de Acompanhamento Multi-Institucional</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Mitral Regurgitation and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Are There Any Other Prognostic Implications?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2720-8595</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Santis</surname>
            <given-names>Antonio de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o - Unidade Clinica de Valvopatia, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Adress: Antonio de Santis &#8226; Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o - Unidade Clinica de Valvopatia &#8211; Av. Dr. Eneas Carvalho de Aguiar, 44. Postal Code 05403-000, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil E-mail: antonio.santis@einstein.br</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Mitral Valve Insufficiency/surgery</kwd>
        <kwd>Elderly</kwd>
        <kwd>Morbimortality</kwd>
        <kwd>Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>There is a variable prevalence of moderate to severe mitral regurgitation (13 to 74%) in patients with severe degenerative aortic stenosis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> In elderly and frail patients, this association can generate clinical dilemmas in cardiological practice: should I submit my patient to combined valve surgery, exposing him to higher morbidity and mortality, or contemplate only the severe aortic stenosis with a less aggressive treatment represented by the transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)? The variable degrees of severity associated with the commonly functional etiology (up to 80%) of the associated mitral regurgitation, places aortic valve stenosis in a high prominent position at this clinical hierarchy, with a resultant predilection for performing TAVR in these scenarios. In fact, some studies showed an improvement in the mitral regurgitation severity after TAVR, especially in patients with functional etiology and without pulmonary hypertension or atrial fibrillation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The impact of baseline mitral regurgitation on patients undergoing TAVR is still controversial. Toggweiler et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> found that moderate to severe baseline mitral regurgitation in patients undergoing TAVR was associated with higher early mortality rates (first 30 days), with no difference in late mortality.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Conversely, Barbanti et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> using data from the randomized Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valve (PARTNER) trial cohort A, found that moderate to severe baseline mitral regurgitation was associated with higher late mortality only in the surgical aortic valve replacement group, with no prognostic implication in the TAVR group.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A very relevant and still little explored aspect is the prognostic value of changes in the degree of mitral regurgitation severity after TAVR. In this context, the present study conducted by Cunha et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> consolidates the role of mitral regurgitation as a prognostic marker after TAVR, emphasizing that the prospective worsening of mitral regurgitation is an independent mortality predictor in the post-TAVR period.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> By using the Brazilian TAVR registry, the authors had access to data from 22 national centers, allowing the inclusion of 795 patients for the analysis. Among those selected, 19.3% had moderate to severe baseline mitral regurgitation associated with severe aortic stenosis. The reported independent predictors of late mortality (mean follow-up period of 16.6 months) were: peripheral vascular disease, previous aortic balloon valvuloplasty and moderate to severe baseline mitral regurgitation, as demonstrated in previous studies.</p>
      <p>Mitral regurgitation improvement was observed in almost 50% of the patients with moderate to severe reflux, while a small portion of patients showed mitral regurgitation worsening (8.7%). This finding, as well as the previous evidence, reinforces that TAVR, by reducing ventricular filling pressures and restoring an appropriate flow in the left ventricular outflow tract, can determine a reduction in the mitral regurgitant volume.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Interestingly, the authors found that patients with mitral regurgitation improvement in the post-TAVR period had a lower baseline ejection fraction. In these cases, the influence of TAVR in the reduction of the final diastolic volume and in the reverse ventricular remodeling may favor the geometry of the mitral valve annulus, especially in functional etiologies. Unfortunately, it was not possible to determine the mitral regurgitation etiology in the studied population. Furthermore, one of the most revealing findings of the present study was the negative impact of the worsening of the mitral regurgitation severity in the late follow-up of these patients, leading to higher mortality represented by the specific Kaplan-Meier curves.</p>
      <p>The mitral regurgitation worsening in the post-TAVR period could be another potential outcome predictor, reinforcing the importance of periodic echocardiographic monitoring during the clinical follow-up of these patients. This progression also suggests that the usual lenient approaches, such as pharmacological therapies, may not be enough to prevent negative outcomes. Possibly, the use of percutaneous correction strategies for severe mitral regurgitation in the post-TAVR period could be further explored, always based on collegial decisions through institutional heart teams.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Relationship between Mitral Regurgitation and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: a Multi-Institutional Follow-up Study</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
