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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">SDMKqXSFsPQNQppF9nQVSHz</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2021000600889</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20190624</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20190624</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigo Original</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>O Teste do Degrau de Seis Minutos como Preditor de Capacidade Funcional de Acordo com o Consumo de Oxig&#234;nio de Pico em Pacientes Card&#237;acos</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9320-7999</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ritt</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Eduardo Fonteles</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Darz&#233;</surname>
            <given-names>Eduardo Sahade</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Feitosa</surname>
            <given-names>Gustavo Freitas</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Porto</surname>
            <given-names>Jessica Santana</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bastos</surname>
            <given-names>Gabriela</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Albuquerque</surname>
            <given-names>Renata Braga Linhares de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Feitosa</surname>
            <given-names>Cristiane Miura</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Claro</surname>
            <given-names>Thaissa Costa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Prado</surname>
            <given-names>Eloisa Ferreira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Queila Borges de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2357-5176</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Stein</surname>
            <given-names>Ricardo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital C&#225;rdio Pulmonar</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Salvador</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital C&#225;rdio Pulmonar, Salvador, BA - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Sa&#250;de P&#250;blica</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Salvador</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Sa&#250;de P&#250;blica, Salvador, BA - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>3</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>4</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Luiz Eduardo Fonteles Ritt</bold> &#8226; Centro de Estudos Cl&#237;nicos - Hospital C&#225;rdio Pulmonar - Avenida Anita Garibaldi, 2199. CEP <postal-code>40170-130</postal-code>, Ondina, Salvador, BA - Brasil E-mail: <email>luizritt@hotmail.com</email>, <email>lefr@cardiol.br</email></corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial Conflito de Interesses</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos Autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Ritt LE, Porto JS, Bastos G, Feitosa CM, Claro TC, Prado EF, Oliveira QB, Stein R; Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Ritt LE, Feitosa GF, Porto JS, Bastos G, Albuquerque RBL, Feitosa CM, Claro TC, Prado EF, Oliveira QB, Stein R; An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Ritt LE, Darz&#233; ES, Feitosa GF, Porto JS, Bastos G, Prado EF, Stein R; An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica: Ritt LE, Darz&#233; ES, Porto JS, Bastos G, Albuquerque RBL, Oliveira QB, Stein R; Obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento: Ritt LE, Stein R; Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Ritt LE, Darz&#233; ES, Feitosa GF, Porto JS, Bastos G, Albuquerque RBL, Stein R; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Ritt LE, Darz&#233; ES, Feitosa GF, Porto JS, Bastos G, Feitosa CM, Claro TC, Prado EF, Oliveira QB, Stein R.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>17</day>
        <month>05</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <month>05</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>116</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <fpage>889</fpage>
      <lpage>895</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>11</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2019</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>16</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>08</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento:</title>
          <p>O teste do degrau de seis minutos (TD6) &#233; uma forma simples de avaliar a capacidade funcional, embora tenha sido pouco estudado em pacientes com doen&#231;a arterial coronariana (DAC) ou insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (IC).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivo:</title>
          <p>Analisar a associa&#231;&#227;o entre o TD6 e o consumo de oxig&#234;nio de pico (VO<sub>2pico</sub>) e desenvolver uma equa&#231;&#227;o que estime o VO<sub>2pico</sub> com base no TD6, bem como determinar um ponto de corte para o TD6 que preveja um VO<sub>2pico</sub> &#8805; 20 mL.kg<sup>-1</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup></p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>Nos 171 pacientes submetidos ao TD6 e a um teste de exerc&#237;cio cardiopulmonar, an&#225;lises da curva ROC, de regress&#227;o e de correla&#231;&#227;o foram usadas, e um p &lt; 0,05 foi admitido como significativo.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>A idade m&#233;dia foi 60&#177;14 anos, e 74% eram do sexo masculino. A m&#233;dia da fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o ventricular esquerda foi 57&#177;16%; 74% apresentavam DAC, e 28%, IC. A m&#233;dia do VO<sub>2pico</sub> foi 19&#177;6 mL.kg<sup>-1</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup>, e o desempenho m&#233;dio do TD6 foi 87&#177;45 passos. A associa&#231;&#227;o entre o TD6 e o VO<sub>2pico</sub> foi r 0,69 (p &lt; 0,001). Os modelos VO<sub>2pico</sub> = 19,6 + (0,075 x TD6) &#8211; (0,10 x idade) para homens e VO<sub>2pico</sub> = 19,6 + (0,075 x TD6) &#8211; (0,10 x idade) &#8211; 2 para mulheres poderiam prever o VO<sub>2pico</sub> com base nos resultados do TD6 (R ajustado 0,72; R<sup>2</sup> ajustado 0,53). O ponto de corte mais acurado para que o TD6 preveja um VO<sub>2pico</sub> &#8805; 20 mL.kg<sup>-1</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup> foi de &gt; 105 passos [&#225;rea sob a curva 0,85; intervalo de confian&#231;a de 95% 0,79 - 0,90; p &lt; 0,001].</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o:</title>
          <p>Uma equa&#231;&#227;o que preveja o VO<sub>2pico</sub> com base nos resultados do TD6 foi derivada, e foi encontrada uma associa&#231;&#227;o significativa entre o TD6 e o VO<sub>2pico</sub>. O ponto de corte do TD6, que prev&#234; um VO<sub>2pico</sub> &#8805; 20 mL.kg<sup>-1</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup>, foi &gt; 105 passos. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 116(5):889-895)</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca</kwd>
        <kwd>Consumo de Oxig&#234;nio</kwd>
        <kwd>Capacidade Respirat&#243;ria</kwd>
        <kwd>Volume de Ventila&#231;&#227;o Pulmonar</kwd>
        <kwd>Teste de Esfor&#231;o</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="6"/>
        <table-count count="4"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="15"/>
        <page-count count="7"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>Na doen&#231;a cardiovascular, a capacidade funcional est&#225; diretamente relacionada ao progn&#243;stico.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> O desempenho funcional, conforme determinado pelo consumo de oxig&#234;nio de pico (VO<sub>2pico</sub>) e medido por um teste de exerc&#237;cio cardiopulmonar (TECP), &#233; o padr&#227;o-ouro e &#233; utilizado para determinar o progn&#243;stico de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (IC) e sele&#231;&#227;o de transplante card&#237;aco, bem como para avaliar a resposta terap&#234;utica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref> Pacientes com VO<sub>2pico</sub> abaixo de 15 mL.kg<sup>-1</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup> apresentam um perfil progn&#243;stico pior, e aqueles com VO<sub>2pico</sub> acima de 20 mL.kg<sup>-1</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup> apresentam um perfil progn&#243;stico melhor, independentemente da etiologia da IC e da fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> Embora amplamente utilizado e validado, o TECP n&#227;o est&#225; dispon&#237;vel na maioria dos centros, pois o equipamento &#233; caro e &#233; necess&#225;rio que um m&#233;dico especializado administre o teste e interprete seus resultados.</p>
      <p>Uma alternativa ao TECP &#233; o teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6), o qual &#233; bem validado e apresenta boa correla&#231;&#227;o com o TECP em pacientes com cardiomiopatia.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref> No entanto, o TC6 requer um longo corredor (com pelo menos 30 metros), o que pode limitar seu uso na pr&#225;tica comum.</p>
      <p>O teste do degrau de seis minutos (TD6) &#233; um teste simples no qual o paciente sobe e desce uma escada de 2 degraus por 6 minutos em cad&#234;ncia livre, e o n&#250;mero de passos &#233; contabilizado. N&#227;o requer equipamentos sofisticados nem espa&#231;os grandes. Embora estudado em pacientes com doen&#231;a pulmonar cr&#244;nica e em indiv&#237;duos normai,8-11 n&#227;o h&#225; dados sobre o desempenho do TC6 em pacientes card&#237;acos.</p>
      <p>Os objetivos deste estudo foram: (1) analisar a associa&#231;&#227;o entre o TD6 e o VO<sub>2pico</sub>, (2) desenvolver uma equa&#231;&#227;o para estimar o VO<sub>2pico</sub> com base nos resultados do TD6 e (3) determinar um ponto de corte para a categoria de baixo risco no TD6 (VO<sub>2pico</sub> &#8805; 20 mL.kg<sup>-1</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup>).</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>M&#233;todos</title>
      <p>Neste estudo transversal, avaliamos pacientes encaminhados para reabilita&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca entre maio de 2014 e setembro de 2017 que, conforme o protocolo cl&#237;nico, foram submetidos a TECP limitado a sintomas e TD6 como avalia&#231;&#227;o basal no programa de reabilita&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca do Hospital C&#225;rdio Pulmonar, em Salvador, Brasil.</p>
      <p>Os crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o foram pacientes maiores de 18 anos com diagn&#243;stico de doen&#231;a arterial coronariana (DAC) ou IC, caracterizadas por infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio pr&#233;vio, angioplastia coronariana/implante de stent p&#243;s-cirurgia card&#237;aca ou vascular ou pacientes com dispositivos implant&#225;veis, como marca-passos ou desfibriladores card&#237;acos. Esses indiv&#237;duos foram encaminhados ao programa de reabilita&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca e submetidos a avalia&#231;&#227;o inicial com cardiologista e fisioterapeuta. O diagn&#243;stico de DAC e/ou IC foi estabelecido pelo hist&#243;rico m&#233;dico (infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio, DAC est&#225;vel, revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio ou angioplastia ou sintomas de dispneia ou angina), anormalidades eletrocardiogr&#225;ficas (ondas Q patol&#243;gicas) e anormalidades ecocardiogr&#225;ficas (disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular e anormalidades segmentares).</p>
      <p>O crit&#233;rio de exclus&#227;o foi incapacidade de realizar o TECP ou o TD6. Pacientes com sintomas de angina ou isquemia em est&#225;gio inferior ao limiar anaer&#243;bio tamb&#233;m foram exclu&#237;dos por n&#227;o terem sido submetidos ao TD6.</p>
      <p>Os dados cl&#237;nicos e demogr&#225;ficos foram obtidos da avalia&#231;&#227;o cardiol&#243;gica inicial no dia do TECP, incluindo o ecocardiograma mais recente (nos &#250;ltimos 3 meses). O TECP e o TD6 foram aplicados separadamente, com 2 a 7 dias de intervalo.</p>
      <p>O TD6 foi realizado em um degrau de 20 cm de altura coberto com borracha antiderrapante. Os pacientes foram instru&#237;dos a subir e descer o degrau o mais r&#225;pido poss&#237;vel por 6 minutos, sem usar os bra&#231;os para se apoiar; pausas para descanso eram permitidas durante os 6 minutos.</p>
      <p>O TECP limitado a sintomas foi realizado em uma esteira com um analisador de gases (Cortex, Leipzig, Alemanha) com medidas a cada respira&#231;&#227;o. Foi utilizado um protocolo de rampa individualizado baseado na classe funcional de cada paciente, com dura&#231;&#227;o da fase de exerc&#237;cio direcionado entre 8 e 12 minutos. Os dados ventilat&#243;rios coletados foram tabulados e analisados em intervalos de 10 segundos.</p>
      <p>Aspectos &#233;ticos: o protocolo do estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica em Pesquisa Celso Figueiroa do Hospital Santa Izabel (processo 1.711.505). O estudo foi conduzido de acordo com a legisla&#231;&#227;o nacional e internacional de pesquisa em humanos, incluindo a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinque e a resolu&#231;&#227;o 466/12 do Conselho Nacional de Sa&#250;de do Brasil. O consentimento informado foi dispensado, uma vez que o estudo utilizou apenas dados de prontu&#225;rios m&#233;dicos.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>An&#225;lise Estat&#237;stica</title>
        <p>Todas as an&#225;lises foram realizadas no <italic>software</italic> SPSS, vers&#227;o 25.0. As vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas foram apresentadas como m&#233;dia &#177; desvio padr&#227;o para a distribui&#231;&#227;o param&#233;trica. O teste de Shapiro-Wilk e a inspe&#231;&#227;o visual dos histogramas foram utilizados para determinar a normalidade. As vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foram apresentadas em n&#250;mero ou porcentagem. A correla&#231;&#227;o de Pearson foi aplicada para determinar associa&#231;&#245;es entre vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas, e os gr&#225;ficos de Bland-Altman foram utilizados para analisar sua concord&#226;ncia. An&#225;lises de regress&#227;o linear univariada e multivariada (ap&#243;s an&#225;lise das suposi&#231;&#245;es adequadas) foram realizadas para determinar a previs&#227;o de VO<sub>2pico</sub> do modelo com base no TD6, o qual foi controlado para idade, fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o, sexo, presen&#231;a de DAC ou IC e peso. A an&#225;lise da curva ROC foi aplicada para determinar os melhores pontos de corte para prever VO<sub>2pico</sub> &#8805; 20 mL.kg<sup>-1</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup>. Um valor de p de &lt; 0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Resultados</title>
      <p>A amostra total consistiu em 171 indiv&#237;duos. Suas caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas e demogr&#225;ficas s&#227;o apresentadas na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref>. A maioria dos pacientes apresentou classe funcional I ou II da New York Heart Association (NYHA) com VO<sub>2pico</sub> m&#233;dio de 19&#177;6 mL.kg<sup>-1</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup>.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t1">
        <label>Tabela 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas e demogr&#225;ficas gerais da popula&#231;&#227;o</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
          <colgroup width="50%">
            <col/>
            <col/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr>
              <th valign="middle" align="left">Vari&#225;vel</th>
              <th valign="middle" align="center">Resultado</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr>
              <td valign="top" align="left">Sexo masculino % (n)</td>
              <td valign="top" align="center">74% (121)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="top" align="left">Idade (anos)</td>
              <td valign="top" align="center">60&#177;14</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="top" align="left">DAC % (n)</td>
              <td valign="top" align="center">74% (121)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="top" align="left">Insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca % (n)</td>
              <td valign="top" align="center">28% (47)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="top" align="left">Valvulopatias % (n)</td>
              <td valign="top" align="center">13% (22)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="top" align="left">Diabetes % (n)</td>
              <td valign="top" align="center">25% (44)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="top" align="left">Hipertens&#227;o % (n)</td>
              <td valign="top" align="center">62% (102)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="top" align="left">NYHA I, II, III%</td>
              <td valign="top" align="center">53%/24%/10%</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="top" align="left">Inibidor de ECA-BRA % (n)</td>
              <td valign="top" align="center">65% (110)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="top" align="left">Betabloqueador % (n)</td>
              <td valign="top" align="center">77% (130)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="top" align="left">Estatinas % (n)</td>
              <td valign="top" align="center">75% (128)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="top" align="left">Fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o (%)</td>
              <td valign="top" align="center">57&#177;16</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="top" align="left">VO<sub>2pico</sub> (mL.kg<sup>-1</sup>.min-1)</td>
              <td valign="top" align="center">19&#177;6</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="top" align="left">VO<sub>2</sub> no limiar anaer&#243;bio (mL.kg<sup>-1</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup>)</td>
              <td valign="top" align="center">12.6&#177;3</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="top" align="left">RER</td>
              <td valign="top" align="center">1.12&#177;0.8</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="top" align="left">Inclina&#231;&#227;o VE/VCO<sub>2</sub></td>
              <td valign="top" align="center">36&#177;10</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="top" align="left">TD6 (passos)</td>
              <td valign="top" align="center">85&#177;47</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN1">
            <p>BRA: bloqueador dos receptores da angiotensina; DAC: doen&#231;a arterial coronariana; ECA: enzima conversora da angiotensina; NYHA: <italic>New York Heart Association</italic>; RER: raz&#227;o de troca respirat&#243;ria; VE/VCO<sub>2:</sub> rela&#231;&#227;o entre a ventila&#231;&#227;o e a produ&#231;&#227;o de di&#243;xido de carbono.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>A associa&#231;&#227;o entre o TD6 e o VO<sub>2pico</sub> &#233; apresentada na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1</xref>; o &#237;ndice de correla&#231;&#227;o r foi 0,69 (IC95% 0,60 &#8211; 0,78; p &lt; 0,001), e o de R<sup>2</sup> foi 0,47. A an&#225;lise do gr&#225;fico de Bland-Altman &#233; apresentada na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 2</xref>; a concord&#226;ncia estava distante do limite de refer&#234;ncia superior ou inferior em apenas cinco pacientes.</p>
      <fig id="f1">
        <label>Figura 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Associa&#231;&#227;o entre o TD6 e o VO<sub>2pico</sub>.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-05-0889-90624-gf01.tif"/></fig>
      <fig id="f2">
        <label>Figura 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Gr&#225;fico de Bland-Altman para VO<sub>2pico</sub> previsto vs. Determinado.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-05-0889-90624-gf02.tif"/></fig>
      <p>Na an&#225;lise multivariada, a idade, o sexo e os resultados do TD6 foram preditores independentes do VO<sub>2pico</sub> (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Tabela 2</xref>). As equa&#231;&#245;es para a estimativa do VO<sub>2pico</sub> com base no TD6 foram: VO<sub>2pico</sub> = 19,6 + (0,075 x TD6) &#8211; (0,10 x idade) para homens e VO<sub>2pico</sub> = 19,6 + (0,075 x TD6) &#8211; (0,10 x idade) &#8211; 2 para mulheres. O r ajustado do modelo final foi 0,72, e o R<sup>2</sup> ajustado foi 0,53.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t2">
        <label>Tabela 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Modelo final de regress&#227;o linear m&#250;ltipla para predi&#231;&#227;o do VO<sub>2pico</sub> com base no TD6</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
          <colgroup width="25%">
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr>
              <th valign="top" align="left">Vari&#225;vel</th>
              <th valign="top" align="center">Beta</th>
              <th valign="top" align="center">Beta IC95%</th>
              <th valign="top" align="center">p</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr>
              <td valign="top" align="left">TD6</td>
              <td valign="top" align="center">0,075</td>
              <td valign="top" align="center">(0,06) &#8211; (0,09)</td>
              <td valign="top" align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="top" align="left">Idade (anos)</td>
              <td valign="top" align="center">-0,10</td>
              <td valign="top" align="center">(-0,16) &#8211; (- 0,5)</td>
              <td valign="top" align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="top" align="left">Sexo feminino</td>
              <td valign="top" align="center">-2,0</td>
              <td valign="top" align="center">(-3,6) &#8211; (-0,33)</td>
              <td valign="top" align="center">0,02</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="top" align="left">Constante</td>
              <td valign="top" align="center">19,6</td>
              <td valign="top" align="center">(15,2) &#8211; (24,1)</td>
              <td valign="top" align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN2">
            <p>Ajustado para idade, fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o, doen&#231;a arterial coronariana, insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca e peso. IC: intervalo de confian&#231;a; TD6: teste do degrau de seis minutos.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>A curva ROC para o TD6 como preditor de VO<sub>2pico</sub> &#8805; 20 mL.kg<sup>-1</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup> &#233; apresentada na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figura 3</xref>. O ponto de corte mais acurado para que o TD6 preveja VO<sub>2pico</sub> &#8805; 20 mL.kg<sup>-1</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup> foi &gt; 105 passos (&#225;rea sob a curva 0,85; IC95% 0,79-0,90; p &lt;0,001).</p>
      <fig id="f3">
        <label>Figura 3</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Curva ROC para que o TD6 preveja um VO<sub>2pico</sub>&#8805; 20 mL.kg<sup>1-</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup>. &#193;rea sob a curva 0.85 (IC95% 0,79 &#8211; 0,90) p &lt; 0,001.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-05-0889-90624-gf03.tif"/></fig>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <p>A capacidade funcional &#233; um dos par&#226;metros cl&#237;nicos mais importantes para a avaliar a capacidade funcional.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> O comprometimento funcional est&#225; relacionado a pior progn&#243;stico, independentemente do diagn&#243;stico ou cen&#225;rio cl&#237;nico.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref> A aptid&#227;o cardiorrespirat&#243;ria (ACR) pode ser estimada por diversos m&#233;todos, embora o TECP seja o &#250;nico m&#233;todo que permite determina&#231;&#227;o direta com base no VO<sub>2pico</sub>. Uma vez que o TECP requer equipamento espec&#237;fico e equipe m&#233;dica bem treinada, uma medi&#231;&#227;o indireta e acurada da capacidade funcional &#233; muito desej&#225;vel. &#201; importante que sejam validados formul&#225;rios alternativos mais simples para a avalia&#231;&#227;o de ACR, j&#225; que podem ser aplicados de forma mais ampla.</p>
      <p>Em uma popula&#231;&#227;o de pacientes com DAC e IC, demonstramos que o TD6 apresentou boa correla&#231;&#227;o com o VO<sub>2pico</sub>, conforme medido pelo TCEP. Tamb&#233;m conseguimos derivar uma equa&#231;&#227;o para prever o VO<sub>2pico</sub> com base nos resultados do TD6, bem como para determinar um ponto de corte para o n&#250;mero de passos necess&#225;rios para identificar pacientes de baixo risco (valor m&#237;nimo do VO<sub>2pico</sub> de 20 mL.kg<sup>-1</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup>).</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Teste do Degrau na Cardiologia</title>
        <p>Os testes do degrau n&#227;o s&#227;o uma ferramenta nova na cardiologia. Na d&#233;cada de 1930, Master et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> utilizaram um teste de escada de um degrau em um protocolo de 2 minutos para observar eletrocardiogramas de exerc&#237;cio. Esse foi o precursor dos atuais testes de esfor&#231;o com erg&#244;metros. O teste do degrau de Master era amplamente utilizado como teste provocativo para isquemia coronariana, mas n&#227;o era rotineiramente utilizado como preditor de ACR/capacidade funcional e progn&#243;stico. O principal objetivo do TD6 como teste subm&#225;ximo &#233; determinar a ACR e n&#227;o diagnosticar isquemia coronariana. Assim como o TC6, o TD6 &#233; seguro e pode ser realizado em esfor&#231;o subm&#225;ximo, embora com um gasto energ&#233;tico um pouco maior.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Capacidade Funcional como Sinal Vital</title>
        <p>A capacidade funcional pode ser considerada um sinal vital e deve ser avaliada em todas as consultas m&#233;dicas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref> Pode ser prevista por testes de exerc&#237;cio regulares ou testes funcionais subm&#225;ximos, como o TC6; no entanto, o TCEP &#233; a &#250;nica forma de avaliar e determinar diretamente a capacidade funcional. Com base em estudos cl&#225;ssicos em pacientes card&#237;acos, um VO<sub>2pico</sub> acima de 20 mL.kg<sup>-1</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup> &#233; um marcador de bom progn&#243;stico, independentemente de outros par&#226;metros. Por outro lado, aqueles com VO<sub>2pico</sub> abaixo de 12 mL.kg<sup>-1</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup> e IC podem ser considerados candidatos a transplante card&#237;aco.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref></p>
        <p>Como alternativa ao TCEP, o TC6 foi validado e &#233; utilizado para avalia&#231;&#227;o progn&#243;stica em diferentes doen&#231;as.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref> &#201; de f&#225;cil reprodu&#231;&#227;o e pode ser relacionado ao desfecho, mas a necessidade de um espa&#231;o grande impede seu uso no consult&#243;rio, por exemplo. Portanto, um teste que consiga estimar a capacidade funcional mesmo em espa&#231;o pequeno sem a necessidade de equipamentos sofisticados &#233; de grande utilidade. &#201; importante destacar que o TD6 foi previamente comparado ao TC6 em uma popula&#231;&#227;o sem doen&#231;as pulmonares ou card&#237;acas, apresentando boa correla&#231;&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref></p>
        <p>O teste do degrau de seis minutos &#233; uma forma simples de predizer capacidade funcional</p>
        <p>O TD6 &#233; um teste simples que n&#227;o necessita de muito espa&#231;o. Pode ser realizado em um consult&#243;rio m&#233;dico ou por outros profissionais da sa&#250;de. O teste foi usado previamente em pacientes com doen&#231;a pulmonar cr&#244;nica, mas ainda n&#227;o foi validado em pacientes card&#237;acos.</p>
        <p>Em pacientes com doen&#231;a pulmonar obstrutiva cr&#244;nica, um ponto de corte de &lt; 78 passos foi associado a pior progn&#243;stico.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref> Em uma popula&#231;&#227;o saud&#225;vel com m&#233;dia de idade de 39 anos, a contagem m&#233;dia de passos foi 149&#177;34.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref></p>
        <p>De acordo com nossos dados, o TD6 apresenta acur&#225;cia aceit&#225;vel para prever o VO<sub>2pico</sub> em uma amostra de pacientes com DAC/IC, e os profissionais de sa&#250;de podem querer usar esses resultados em sua pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica.</p>
        <p>Observamos que o ponto de corte de &gt; 105 passos est&#225; relacionado ao alcance de um VO<sub>2pico</sub> acima de 20 mL.kg<sup>-1</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup>. Esse ponto de corte pode ser &#250;til, por exemplo, quando o TCEP n&#227;o estiver dispon&#237;vel. Al&#233;m disso, se o paciente consegue subir mais de 105 degraus, o TCEP pode n&#227;o ser necess&#225;rio, pois estima-se um VO<sub>2pico</sub> acima de 20 mL.kg<sup>-1</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup>.</p>
        <p>As estimativas de capacidade funcional baseadas em atividades de rotina s&#227;o imprecisas e n&#227;o foram validadas diretamente por meio de dados do TCEP<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref> embora essa estrat&#233;gia ainda seja utilizada quando estimativas imediatas s&#227;o necess&#225;rias, mesmo para avalia&#231;&#227;o em s&#233;rie. Assim, o TD6 pode ser aplicado de forma f&#225;cil e r&#225;pida, por&#233;m com mais seguran&#231;a no que se refere &#224; determina&#231;&#227;o da capacidade funcional.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Limita&#231;&#245;es</title>
        <p>O presente estudo apresenta algumas limita&#231;&#245;es. Uma amostra maior e uma valida&#231;&#227;o prospectiva dos resultados em outras popula&#231;&#245;es devem ser consideradas. Nossa popula&#231;&#227;o consistiu em pacientes com DAC e/ou IC, os quais foram analisados em conjunto. Pode ser interessante analisar esses fen&#243;tipos separadamente. Para atenuar a influ&#234;ncia do diagn&#243;stico cl&#237;nico na realiza&#231;&#227;o do teste, controlamos a an&#225;lise multivariada para o diagn&#243;stico de IC ou DAC e constatamos que o diagn&#243;stico n&#227;o influenciou o resultado. Tamb&#233;m controlamos a an&#225;lise para a fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o. Como a DAC &#233; a causa mais prevalente de IC e a capacidade funcional &#233; um fator progn&#243;stico independente para ambos, a exist&#234;ncia de um teste e um &#250;nico ponto de corte que possa ser aplicado em um espectro mais amplo de doen&#231;as card&#237;acas pode ser de grande utilidade, j&#225; que o TD6 pode ser mais bem aplicado em triagem e acompanhamento.</p>
        <p>A an&#225;lise dos gr&#225;ficos de Bland-Altman mostrou que a concord&#226;ncia foi considerada distante dos limites de controle superior ou inferior em apenas cinco pacientes. Desses, quatro apresentaram VO<sub>2pico</sub> acima de 20 mL.kg<sup>-1</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup>, e o valor previsto no TD6 tamb&#233;m foi maior de 20 mL.kg<sup>-1</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup>. Dessa forma, os quatro pacientes n&#227;o seriam erroneamente classificados como de menor risco do que o esperado. Em um paciente, o VO<sub>2pico</sub> previsto pelo TD6 foi maior do que o medido. Ao analisar esse caso, observamos que a raz&#227;o de troca respirat&#243;ria do TCEP apresentou compatibilidade de apenas 0,94 com um esfor&#231;o subm&#225;ximo, causada pela m&#225; adapta&#231;&#227;o &#224; esteira e &#224; m&#225;scara. O mesmo paciente subiu e desceu 91 degraus em 6 minutos. Pode-se entender que o TD6 &#233; mais adequado como ferramenta de triagem e n&#227;o como um substituto do TCEP. Portanto, embora sejam correlacionados, o TCEP ainda &#233; necess&#225;rio em casos em que a capacidade funcional precisa ser determinada com exatid&#227;o.</p>
        <p>No momento, n&#227;o temos dados de desempenho do TC6 para esses indiv&#237;duos, embora uma correla&#231;&#227;o entre os testes nesses pacientes possa ser &#250;til. Estudos correlacionando o desempenho do TD6 em termos de desfechos cl&#237;nicos devem fornecer mais informa&#231;&#245;es sobre os melhores pontos de corte. Por fim, embora o TCEP VO<sub>2pico</sub> seja o padr&#227;o-ouro para a avalia&#231;&#227;o funcional, &#233; poss&#237;vel que o TD6 possa fornecer algumas implica&#231;&#245;es progn&#243;sticas, de acordo com os resultados.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
      <p>Foi derivada uma equa&#231;&#227;o capaz de prever o VO<sub>2pico</sub> com base nos resultados do TD6, e foi encontrada associa&#231;&#227;o significativa entre o TD6 e o VO<sub>2pico</sub>. O ponto de corte do TD6, que prev&#234; um VO<sub>2pico</sub> &#8805; 20 mL.kg<sup>-1</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup>, foi &gt;105 passos.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ack>
      <title>Agradecimentos</title>
      <p>Foi fornecido apoio financeiro parcial pelo FIPE-HCPA (Fundo de Amparo &#224; Pesquisa do Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre).</p>
    </ack>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by" id="fn1">
        <p>
          <bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold>
        </p>
        <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
        <p>
          <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o Acad&#234;mica</bold>
        </p>
        <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
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        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>The Six-Minute Step Test as a Predictor of Functional Capacity according to Peak VO<sub>2</sub> in Cardiac Patients</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9320-7999</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ritt</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Eduardo Fonteles</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Darz&#233;</surname>
            <given-names>Eduardo Sahade</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Feitosa</surname>
            <given-names>Gustavo Freitas</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Porto</surname>
            <given-names>Jessica Santana</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bastos</surname>
            <given-names>Gabriela</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Albuquerque</surname>
            <given-names>Renata Braga Linhares de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Feitosa</surname>
            <given-names>Cristiane Miura</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Claro</surname>
            <given-names>Thaissa Costa</given-names>
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            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
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        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Prado</surname>
            <given-names>Eloisa Ferreira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Queila Borges de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Stein</surname>
            <given-names>Ricardo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
            <sup>3</sup>
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          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
            <sup>4</sup>
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        <aff id="aff5">
          <label>1</label>
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            <named-content content-type="city">Salvador</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
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          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital C&#225;rdio Pulmonar, Salvador, BA - Brazil</institution>
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        <aff id="aff6">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Salvador</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Sa&#250;de P&#250;blica, Salvador, BA - Brazil</institution>
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          <label>3</label>
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            <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre, , Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil</institution>
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        <aff id="aff8">
          <label>4</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Luiz Eduardo Fonteles Ritt</bold> &#8226; Centro de Estudos Cl&#237;nicos - Hospital C&#225;rdio Pulmonar - Avenida Anita Garibaldi, 2199. Postal Code <postal-code>40170-130</postal-code>, Ondina, Salvador, BA &#8211; Brazil E-mail: <email>luizritt@hotmail.com</email> <email>lefr@cardiol.br</email></corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author Contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Ritt LE, Porto JS, Bastos G, Feitosa CM, Claro TC, Prado EF, Oliveira QB, Stein R; Acquisition of data: Ritt LE, Feitosa GF, Porto JS, Bastos G, Albuquerque RBL, Feitosa CM, Claro TC, Prado EF, Oliveira QB, Stein R; Analysis and interpretation of the data: Ritt LE, Darz&#233; ES, Feitosa GF, Porto JS, Bastos G, Prado EF, Stein R; Statistical analysis: Ritt LE, Darz&#233; ES, Porto JS, Bastos G, Albuquerque RBL, Oliveira QB, Stein R; Obtaining financing: Ritt LE, Stein R; Writing of the manuscript: Ritt LE, Darz&#233; ES, Feitosa GF, Porto JS, Bastos G, Albuquerque RBL, Oliveira QB, Stein R; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Ritt LE, Darz&#233; ES, Feitosa GF, Porto JS, Bastos G, Feitosa CM, Claro TC, Prado EF, Stein R.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background:</title>
          <p>Six-minute step test (6MST) is a simple way to evaluate functional capacity, although it has not been well studied in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) or heart failure (HF).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective:</title>
          <p>Analyze the association between the 6MST and peak oxygen uptake (VO<sub>2peak</sub>) and develop an equation for estimating VO<sub>2peak</sub> based on the 6MST, as well as to determine a cutoff point for the 6MST that predicts a VO<sub>2peak</sub> &#8805;20 mL.Kg<sup>-1</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup></p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p>In 171 patients who underwent the 6MST and a cardiopulmonary exercise test, correlation, regression, and ROC analysis were used and a p &lt; 0.05 was admitted as significant.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>mean age was 60&#177;14 years and 74% were male. Mean left ventricle ejection fraction was 57&#177;16%, 74% had CAD and 28% had HF. Mean VO<sub>2peak</sub> was 19&#177;6 mL.Kg<sup>-1</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup> and mean 6MST performance was 87&#177;45 steps. Association between 6MST and VO<sub>2peak</sub> was r 0.69 (p &lt;0.001). The model VO<sub>2peak</sub> =19.6 + (0.075 x 6MST) &#8211; (0.10 x age) for men and VO<sub>2peak</sub> =19.6 + (0.075 x 6MST) &#8211; (0.10 x age) &#8211; 2 for women could predict VO<sub>2peak</sub> based on 6MST results (adjusted R 0.72; adjusted R<sup>2</sup> 0.53). The most accurate cutoff point for 6MST to predict a VO<sub>2peak</sub> &#8805;20 mL.Kg<sup>-1</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup> was &gt;105 steps (AUC 0.85; 95% CI 0.79 -0.90; p &lt;0.001).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion:</title>
          <p>An equation for predicting VO<sub>2peak</sub> based on 6MST results was derived, and a significant association was found between 6MST and VO<sub>2peak</sub>. The cutoff point for 6MST, which predicts a VO<sub>2peak</sub> &#8805;20 mL.Kg<sup>-1</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup>, was &gt;105 steps. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 116(5):889-895)</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Heart Failure</kwd>
        <kwd>Oxygen Consumption</kwd>
        <kwd>Respiratoty Capacity</kwd>
        <kwd>Tidal Volume</kwd>
        <kwd>Exercise Test</kwd>
        <kwd>Progn&#243;stico</kwd>
        <kwd>Mortalidade</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>In cardiovascular disease, functional capacity is directly related to prognosis.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> Functional performance, as determined by peak oxygen consumption (VO<sub>2peak</sub>) and measured with a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), is the gold standard and is used to determine prognosis in heart failure (HF) and heart transplant selection, as well as to gauge therapeutic response.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref> Patients with a VO<sub>2peak</sub> below 15 mL.Kg<sup>-1</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup> have a worse prognosis profile, and those with a VO<sub>2peak</sub> above 20 mL.Kg<sup>-1</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup> have a better prognosis profile, independent of HF etiology and ventricular function.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> Although widely used and validated, the CPET is not available in most centers, since the equipment is expensive and a specialized physician is required to administer the test and interpret its results.</p>
        <p>One alternative to CPET is the six-minute walk test (6MWT), which is well validated and has a good correlation with CPET in cardiomyopathy patients.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref> However, the 6MWT requires a long corridor (at least 30 meters), which could limit its use in normal practice.</p>
        <p>The six-minute step test (6MST) is a simple test in which the patient climbs and descends a 2-step ladder for 6 minutes in free cadence, and the number of steps the patient takes is counted. It requires neither sophisticated equipment nor large spaces. Although studied in patients with chronic lung disease and in normal subjects,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref> there are no data on 6MST performance in cardiac patients.</p>
        <p>The objectives of this study were to: (1) analyze the association between 6MST and VO<sub>2peak</sub>, (2) develop an equation for estimating VO<sub>2peak</sub> based on 6MST results, and (3) determine a cutoff point for lower risk category in the 6MST (VO<sub>2peak</sub>&#8805; 20 mL.Kg<sup>-1</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup>).</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>Methods</title>
        <p>In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated patients referred for cardiac rehabilitation between May 2014 and September 2017 who, as per clinical protocol, underwent symptom-limited CPET and 6MST as their baseline evaluation in the cardiac rehabilitation program of the Hospital C&#225;rdio Pulmonar, Salvador, Brazil.</p>
        <p>The inclusion criteria were patients older than 18 years who had been diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD) or heart failure (HF), characterized by previous acute myocardial infarction, coronary angioplasty/stent placed post-operatively to cardiac or vascular surgery, or patients with implantable devices such as pacemakers or cardiac defibrillators. These individuals were referred to the cardiac rehabilitation program and underwent an initial evaluation with a cardiologist and a physical therapist. CAD and/or HF diagnosis was established by medical history (acute myocardial infarction, stable CAD, myocardial revascularization or angioplasty, or symptoms of dyspnea or angina), electrocardiographic abnormalities (pathological Q waves) and echocardiographic abnormalities (ventricular dysfunction and segmental abnormalities).</p>
        <p>The exclusion criteria were inability to perform the CPET or the 6MST. Patients with symptoms of angina or ischemia at an stage lower than the anaerobic threshold were also excluded as they were not submitted to the 6MST.</p>
        <p>Clinical and demographic data were retrieved from the initial cardiologist evaluation on the day of the CPET, including the most recent (within the last 3 months) echocardiogram. The CPET and 6MST were applied separately, 2 to 7 days apart.</p>
        <p>The 6MST was performed on a 20 cm high step covered with non-slip rubber. Patients were instructed to go up and down the step as fast as possible for 6 minutes without using their arms to support themselves; rest breaks were permitted.</p>
        <p>A symptom-limited CPET was performed on a treadmill with a gas analyzer (Cortex, Leipzig, Germany) with breath-by-breath measurements. An individualized ramp protocol based on the functional class of each patient was used, having a targeted exercise phase duration between 8 and 12 minutes. The collected ventilatory data were tabulated and analyzed at 10-second intervals.</p>
        <p>Ethical aspects: the study protocol was approved by the Celso Figueiroa Research Ethics Committee of the Hospital Santa Izabel (case 1.711.505). The study was conducted in accordance with national and international legislation for human research, including the Helsinki guidelines and resolution 466/12 of the Brazilian National Health Council. Informed consent was exempted since the study utilized only medical record data.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Statistical Analysis</title>
          <p>SPSS version 25.0 was used for all analyses. Continuous variables were presented as mean &#177; standard deviation (SD) for parametric distribution. The Shapiro-Wilk test and visual inspection of histograms were used to determine normality. Categorical variables were presented as proportion or percentage. The Pearson correlation was applied to determine associations between continuous variables and Bland-Altman plots to analyze their agreement. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses (after adequate assumptions were analyzed) were performed to determine the model&#8217;s prediction of VO<sub>2peak</sub> based on the 6MST, which was controlled for age, ejection fraction, sex, presence of CAD or HF, and weight. ROC curve analysis was applied to determine the best cutoff points for predicting a VO<sub>2peak</sub> &#8805;20 mL.Kg<sup>-1</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup>. A p-value &lt;0.05 was considered significant for all analyses.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Results</title>
        <p>The total sample consisted of 171 patients. <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Table 1</xref> shows their general demographic and clinical characteristics. Most patients were in NYHA class I or II (54% and 24%, respectively) with a mean VO<sub>2peak</sub> of 19&#177;6 mL.kg<sup>-1</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup>.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t3">
          <label>Table 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>General demographic and clinical characteristics of the population</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <colgroup width="50%">
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <th valign="middle" align="left">Variable</th>
                <th valign="middle" align="center">Result</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">Male % (n)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">74% (121)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">Age (years)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">60&#177;14</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">CAD % (n)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">74% (121)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">Heart failure %(n)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">28% (47)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">Cardiac valvular disease %(n)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">13% (22)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">Diabetes %(n)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">25% (44)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">Hypertension %(n)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">62% (102)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">NYHA I, II, III%</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">53%/24%/10%</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">ACE inhibitor-ARB %(n)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">65% (110)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">Beta-blocker %(n)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">77% (130)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">Statins %(n)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">75% (128)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">Ejection fraction (%)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">57&#177;16</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">VO<sub>2peak</sub> (mL.kg<sup>-1</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup>)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">19&#177;6</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">VO<sub>2</sub> at anaerobic threshold (mL.kg<sup>-1</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup>)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">12.6&#177;3</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">RER</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">1.12&#177;0.8</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">VE/VCO<sub>2</sub> slope</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">36&#177;10</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">6MST (steps)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">85&#177;47</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN3">
              <p>CAD: coronary artery disease; NYHA: New York Heart Association; ACE: angiotensin receptor enzyme; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; RER: respiratory exchange ratio.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figure 1</xref> shows the association between 6MST and VO<sub>2peak</sub>; the r correlation index was 0.69 (95% CI 0.60 &#8211; 0.78; p &lt; 0.001) and the R<sup>2</sup> was 0.47. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">Figure 2</xref> shows the Bland-Altman plot analysis, and in only 5 patients the agreement was away from the upper or the lower reference limit.</p>
        <fig id="f4">
          <label>Figure 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Association between 6MST and VO<sub>2peak</sub>.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-05-0889-90624-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
        <fig id="f5">
          <label>Figure 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Bland-Altman plot for predicted versus determined VO<sub>2peak</sub>.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-05-0889-90624-gf02-en.tif"/></fig>
        <p>In the multivariate analysis, age, sex and 6MST result were independent predictors of VO<sub>2peak</sub> (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Table 2</xref>). The equations for estimating VO<sub>2peak</sub> based on 6MST were: VO<sub>2peak</sub>=19.6 + (0.075 x 6MST) &#8211; (0.10 x age) for men, and VO<sub>2peak</sub>=19.6 + (0.075 x 6MST) &#8211; (0.10 x age) &#8211; 2 for women. The final model&#8217;s adjusted r was 0.72 and the adjusted R<sup>2</sup> was 0.53.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t4">
          <label>Table 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Final multiple linear regression model for predicting VO<sub>2peak</sub> based on the 6MST</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <colgroup width="25%">
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <th valign="middle" align="left">Variable</th>
                <th valign="middle" align="center">Beta</th>
                <th valign="middle" align="center">Beta 95% CI</th>
                <th valign="middle" align="center">p</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">6MST</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.075</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">(0.06) &#8211; (0.09)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">Age (years)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">-0.10</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">(-0.16) &#8211; (- 0.5)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">Female</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">- 2.0</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">(- 3.6) &#8211; (- 0.33)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.02</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">Constant</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">19.6</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">(15.2) &#8211; (24.1)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN4">
              <p>Adjusted for age, ejection fraction, coronary artery disease, heart failure, and weight. 6MST: six-minute step test; OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">Figure 3</xref> shows the ROC curve for the 6MST as a predictor of VO<sub>2peak</sub> &#8805;20 mL.kg<sup>-1</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup>. The most accurate cutoff point for 6MST prediction of VO<sub>2peak</sub> &#8805;20 mL.kg<sup>-1</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup> was &gt;105 steps (AUC 0.85, 95% CI 0.79-0.90, p &lt;0.001).</p>
        <fig id="f6">
          <label>Figure 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>ROC curve for 6MST to predict a VO<sub>2peak</sub> &#8805; 20 mL.Kg<sup>1-</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup> AUC 0.85 (95% CI 0.79 &#8211; 0.90) p &lt; 0.001.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-05-0889-90624-gf03-en.tif"/></fig>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <p>Functional capacity is one of the most important clinical parameters for measuring functional capacity.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> Functional impairment is related to worse prognosis, independently of the diagnosis or clinical scenario.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref> Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) can be estimated by several methods, although the CPET is the only method that allows direct determination based on VO<sub>2peak</sub>. Since the CPET requires specific equipment and well-trained medical staff, an accurate indirect measurement of functional capacity is highly desirable. Simpler alternative forms of CRF evaluation are important to be validated as they may be more broadly applied.</p>
        <p>In a population of CAD and HF patients, we demonstrated that the 6MST had a good correlation with VO<sub>2peak</sub> as measured by CPET. We were also able to derive an equation to predict VO<sub>2peak</sub> based on 6MST results, as well as to determine a cutoff point for the number of steps necessary to identify lower-risk patients (minimum VO<sub>2peak</sub> of 20 mL.Kg<sup>-1</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup>).</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Step Test in Cardiology</title>
          <p>Step tests are not a new tool in cardiology. Back in the 1930s, Master et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> used a 1-step stair test in a 2-minute protocol to observe exercise ECGs. This was the precursor of actual exercise stress tests using ergometers. The Master step test was widely used as a provocative test for coronary ischemia, but was not routinely used for predicting CRF/functional capacity and prognosis. The main purpose of the 6MST as a submaximal test is to determine CRF and not to diagnose coronary ischemia. As well as the 6MWT, the 6MST is safe and can be performed at submaximal effort, although with a slightly higher energy expenditure.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Functional Capacity as a Vital Sign</title>
          <p>Functional capacity can be considered a vital sign and should be assessed in each clinical visit.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref> It can be predicted with a regular exercise test or submaximal functional tests such as the 6MWT, but the CPET is the only way to directly assess and determine functional capacity. Based on classic studies of cardiac patients, a VO<sub>2peak</sub> above 20 mL.kg<sup>-1</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup> is a marker of good prognosis regardless of other parameters, whereas those with a VO<sub>2peak</sub> below 12 mL.kg<sup>-1</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup> and HF may even be considered candidates for heart transplant.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref></p>
          <p>As an alternative to CPET, the 6MWT has been validated and is used for prognostic evaluation in different diseases.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref> It is easy to replicate and can be related to outcome, but the requirement of a large space prevents its use in office settings. Therefore, a test that can estimate functional capacity in the office without the need for sophisticated equipment is of value.</p>
          <p>It is important to point out that the 6MST was previously compared to the 6MWT in a population free of cardiac or pulmonary diseases and showed good correlation.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref></p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>The 6-minute Step Test is a Simple Way to Predict Functional Capacity</title>
          <p>The 6MST is a simple test that does not require much space. It can be applied in a medical office or by other health professionals. It has been previously used in patients with chronic pulmonary disease, but it has not yet been validated in cardiac patients.</p>
          <p>In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, a cutoff point of &lt;78 steps was associated with worse prognosis.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref> In a healthy population with a mean age of 39 years, the mean step count was 149 &#177; 34.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref></p>
          <p>According to our data, the 6MST has acceptable accuracy for predicting VO<sub>2peak</sub> in a sample of CAD/HF patients, and clinicians may want to use these results in their clinical practice.</p>
          <p>We found that the cutoff point of &gt;105 steps is related to achieving a VO<sub>2peak</sub> above 20 mL.kg<sup>-1</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup>. This cutoff may be useful, for example, when CPET is not available. Furthermore, if a patient can climb more than 105 steps, a CPET may not be necessary, since a VO<sub>2peak</sub> above 20 mL.kg<sup>-1</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup> is estimated.</p>
          <p>Functional capacity estimates based on daily life activities are inaccurate and have not been directly validated through CPET data,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref> although this strategy is still used when prompt estimates are necessary, even for serial evaluation. Thus, the 6MST can be easily and quickly applied, but with more confidence regarding the determination of functional capacity.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Limitations</title>
          <p>This study has some limitations. A larger sample size and prospective validation of these results in other populations should be considered. Our population consisted of CAD and/or HF patients who were analyzed together, and one may want to analyze these phenotypes separately. To mitigate the influence of the clinical diagnosis on the performance of the test, we controlled the multivariate analysis for the diagnosis of HF or CAD and found that the diagnosis did not influence the result. Also, we controlled the analysis for ejection fraction. As CAD is the most prevalent cause of HF and functional capacity is an independent prognostic factor for both, having a test and a single cutoff point that can be applied to a broader spectrum of heart disease may be of value as the 6MST may be better applied to triage and follow-up. The Bland-Altman plot analysis showed that in only 5 patients the agreement was considered away from the upper or lower reference limits. Of these, 4 patients had VO<sub>2peak</sub> above 20 mL.kg<sup>-1</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup> and the predicted value from the 6MST was also greater than 20 mL.kg<sup>-1</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup>. Thus, these 4 patients would not be misclassified as having a lower risk than expected. In 1 patient, the VO<sub>2peak</sub> predicted by the 6MST was higher than the measured one. By analyzing this case, we note that the CPET respiratory exchange ratio was just 0.94 compatible with a submaximal effort, which was due to poor adaptation to the treadmill and mask. This same patient climbed up and down 91 steps in 6 minutes. One may understand that the 6MST is more suitable as a triage tool than as a substitute for the CPET. Therefore, although they are correlated, in cases in which functional capacity needs to be exactly determined, the CPET is still needed. At the present moment, we have no 6MWT performance data for these individuals, although a correlation between the tests in these patients could be of value. Studies correlating the performance of the 6MST in terms of clinical outcomes should provide more information about the best cutoff points. Finally, although CPET VO<sub>2peak</sub> is the gold standard for functional evaluation, it is possible that the 6MST could provide some prognostic implications according to the results.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclusion</title>
        <p>An equation capable of predicting VO<sub>2peak</sub> based on 6MST results was derived, and a significant association was found between 6MST and VO<sub>2peak</sub>. The cutoff point for the 6MST, which predicts a VO<sub>2peak</sub> &#8805; 20 mL.Kg<sup>-1</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup>, was &gt;105 steps.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <ack>
        <title>Acknowledgements</title>
        <p>Partial financial support was provided by the FIPE-HCPA (Research Support Fund of the Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre).</p>
      </ack>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by" id="fn3">
          <p>
            <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
          </p>
          <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn4">
          <p>
            <bold>Study Association</bold>
          </p>
          <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
