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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">NbwGrgbNqjvjVhRBdV7RH8N</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2021000500850</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20200236</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20200236</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Imagem</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Amiloidose Card&#237;aca por Transtirretina Simulando Cardiomiopatia Hipertr&#243;fica em um Paciente Idoso</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7423-231X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Guimar&#227;es</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; Pedro Alves</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Trigo</surname>
            <given-names>Joana</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2624-0921</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Gon&#231;alves</surname>
            <given-names>Fernando</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Moreira</surname>
            <given-names>J. Il&#237;dio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Centro Hospitalar de Tr&#225;s-os-montes e Alto Douro EPE &#8211; Cardiologia</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Vila Real</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Centro Hospitalar de Tr&#225;s-os-montes e Alto Douro EPE &#8211; Cardiologia, Vila Real &#8211; Portugal</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Jos&#233; Pedro Alves Guimar&#227;es</bold> &#8226; Centro Hospitalar de Tr&#225;s-os-montes e Alto Douro EPE &#8211; Cardiologia - Av. Noruega Vila Real <postal-code>5000-508</postal-code> &#8211; Portugalm E-mail: <email>josepedro.ag@gmail.com</email></corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa, Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados e Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Guimar&#227;es JPA; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Trigo J, Gon&#231;alves F, Moreira JI.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesses</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>16</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>116</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>850</fpage>
      <lpage>853</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>13</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>24</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>22</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Amiloidose</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiomiopatia Hipertr&#243;fica</kwd>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca</kwd>
        <kwd>Volume Sist&#243;lico</kwd>
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia Renal Cr&#244;nica</kwd>
        <kwd>Ecocardiografia/m&#233;todos</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="8"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="5"/>
        <page-count count="4"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A amiloidose card&#237;aca por transtirretina de tipo selvagem (wt-ATTR-CM) &#233; cada vez mais reconhecida devido ao reconhecimento da preval&#234;ncia crescente, avan&#231;os em m&#233;todos de diagn&#243;stico e desenvolvimento de tratamentos eficazes.</p>
    <p>Relatamos o caso de uma paciente de 88 anos com hist&#243;rico de hipertens&#227;o, doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica (DRC), insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o preservada e sem hist&#243;rico familiar relevante. Ela se apresentou ao pronto-socorro com hist&#243;rico de s&#237;ncope, tosse produtiva, agravamento da dispneia e febre. Ausculta com sopro sist&#243;lico grau III/VI na borda esternal esquerda, aus&#234;ncia de sons respirat&#243;rios na base pulmonar direita e roncos bilaterais.</p>
    <p>O eletrocardiograma revelou bloqueio atrioventricular (AV) completo; a radiografia de t&#243;rax, um edema alveolar bilateral e consolida&#231;&#227;o no pulm&#227;o direito, e os resultados anal&#237;ticos foram not&#225;veis para les&#227;o renal aguda com hipercalemia. O bloqueio AV foi resolvido ap&#243;s a corre&#231;&#227;o dos n&#237;veis de pot&#225;ssio, e ela foi internada com o diagn&#243;stico de pneumonia adquirida na comunidade e insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca descompensada.</p>
    <p>O ecocardiograma transtor&#225;cico (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">V&#237;deo 1</xref>) revelou hipertrofia assim&#233;trica do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 1 &#8211; A</xref> e <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">B</xref>) e movimento anterior sist&#243;lico da v&#225;lvula mitral causando obstru&#231;&#227;o da via de sa&#237;da do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (VSVE), com encerramento mesossist&#243;lico da v&#225;lvula a&#243;rtica (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 1</xref> - <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">C</xref> e <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">D</xref>). Esses achados foram indicativos de cardiomiopatia hipertr&#243;fica (CMH). O VE n&#227;o estava dilatado e tinha fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o preservada; sua deforma&#231;&#227;o longitudinal global (GLS) foi reduzida com preserva&#231;&#227;o da deformidade mioc&#225;rdica nos segmentos apicais (padr&#227;o de &#8220;apical sparing&#8221;) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figura 2</xref>). Havia insufici&#234;ncia mitral moderada, insufici&#234;ncia a&#243;rtica leve e a press&#227;o sist&#243;lica da art&#233;ria pulmonar estimada era de 40 mmHg.</p>
    <fig id="f1">
      <label>V&#237;deo 1</label>
      <caption>
        <title>Ecocardiograma transtor&#225;cico, vis&#227;o paraesternal e apical. V&#225;lvula (seta vermelha) (C-D) com gradiente intraventricular m&#225;ximo de 70 mmHg. URL: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2021/11604/2020-0236-video01.mp4">http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2021/11604/2020-0236-video01.mp4</ext-link></title>
      </caption>
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-04-0850-00236-gf01.tif"/></fig>
    <fig id="f2">
      <label>Figura 1</label>
      <caption>
        <title>Hipertrofia assim&#233;trica do septo (septo=19mm; parede posterior=13mm) (AB); movimento anterior sist&#243;lico da v&#225;lvula mitral causando obstru&#231;&#227;o da via de sa&#237;da do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (VSVE) e encerramento mesossist&#243;lico da v&#225;lvula a&#243;rtica.</title>
      </caption>
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-04-0850-00236-gf02.tif"/></fig>
    <fig id="f3">
      <label>Figura 2</label>
      <caption>
        <title>GLS reduzido (-12,4%) e preserva&#231;&#227;o da deformidade mioc&#225;rdica nos segmentos apicais (padr&#227;o de &#8220;apical sparing&#8221;)</title>
      </caption>
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-04-0850-00236-gf03.tif"/></fig>
    <p>A cintilografia com DPD-<sup>99m</sup>Tc <italic>mostrou capta&#231;&#227;o difusa do tra&#231;ador biventricular (grau II,</italic> <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4"><italic>Figura 3</italic></xref><italic>), e n&#227;o se encontrou</italic> nenhuma evid&#234;ncia de prote&#237;na monoclonal no soro e imunofixa&#231;&#227;o da urina, tampouco em ensaio de cadeia leve.</p>
    <fig id="f4">
      <label>Figura 3</label>
      <caption>
        <title>Cintilografia com DPD-99mTc mostrando capta&#231;&#227;o do tra&#231;ador biventricular grau II.</title>
      </caption>
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-04-0850-00236-gf04.tif"/></fig>
    <p>As caracter&#237;sticas ecocardiogr&#225;ficas, a capta&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca com DPD-<sup>99m</sup>Tc e a aus&#234;ncia de prote&#237;na monoclonal definiram o diagn&#243;stico de ATTR-CM.</p>
    <p>Infelizmente, a paciente evoluiu de forma desfavor&#225;vel, com superinfec&#231;&#227;o nosocomial e insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca progressiva, culminando em &#243;bito. Os resultados do teste gen&#233;tico de TTR foram negativos, confirmando assim o diagn&#243;stico de wt-ATTR.</p>
    <p>Wt-ATTR pode ser a forma mais frequente de amiloidose card&#237;aca,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> no entanto, o diagn&#243;stico &#233; desafiador dado o amplo espectro cl&#237;nico, falta de achados &#8220;cl&#225;ssicos&#8221; e o fen&#243;tipo atribu&#237;do &#224; doen&#231;a card&#237;aca hipertensiva, estenose a&#243;rtica, ou HCM.</p>
    <p>A ecocardiografia &#233; o marco do diagn&#243;stico, e o principal achado &#233; a HVE, mas a propor&#231;&#227;o de pacientes com HVE assim&#233;trica &#233; alta.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref> O <italic>strain</italic> &#233; &#250;til para o diagn&#243;stico diferencial devido ao seu padr&#227;o diferenciado de &#8220;segmentos apicais&#8221;.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref> Outros sinais s&#227;o espessamento da v&#225;lvula, espessamento do septo atrial, hipertrofia ventricular direita (HVD), dilata&#231;&#227;o biatrial, efus&#227;o peric&#225;rdica leve e aspecto em granular cintilante do mioc&#225;rdio.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref></p>
    <p>A cintilografia com tra&#231;adores &#243;sseos de medicina nuclear &#233; &#250;til para o diagn&#243;stico n&#227;o invasivo. A capta&#231;&#227;o de grau II ou III na aus&#234;ncia de uma prote&#237;na monoclonal obteve 100% de especificidade e valor preditivo positivo em um estudo de refer&#234;ncia.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref> Como a amiloidose de cadeia leve &#233; capaz de causar capta&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca leve e a gamopatia monoclonal de significado inderteminado &#233; comum em pacientes mais velhos, a an&#225;lise de prote&#237;na monoclonal &#233; obrigat&#243;ria. Por fim, o teste gen&#233;tico &#233; necess&#225;rio para distinguir entre amiloidose ATTR heredit&#225;ria (ATTRh) e amiloidose de tipo selvagem (wt-ATTR).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref></p>
    <p>A ATTR-CM &#233; uma causa pouco reconhecida de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca em idosos. Com o desenvolvimento de terapias eficazes, o reconhecimento e diagn&#243;stico adequados de ATTR-CM ter&#227;o um impacto terap&#234;utico significativo.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by" id="fn1">
        <p>
          <bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>
        </p>
        <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
        <p>
          <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
        </p>
        <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn3">
        <p>
          <bold>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</bold>
        </p>
        <p>Este artigo n&#227;o cont&#233;m estudos com humanos ou animais realizados por nenhum dos autores.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Image</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy Mimicking Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in an Older Patient</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7423-231X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Guimar&#227;es</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; Pedro Alves</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Trigo</surname>
            <given-names>Joana</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2624-0921</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Gon&#231;alves</surname>
            <given-names>Fernando</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Moreira</surname>
            <given-names>J. Il&#237;dio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff5">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Centro Hospitalar de Tr&#225;s-os-montes e Alto Douro EPE &#8211; Cardiologia</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Vila Real</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Centro Hospitalar de Tr&#225;s-os-montes e Alto Douro EPE &#8211; Cardiologia, Vila Real &#8211; Portugal</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Jos&#233; Pedro Alves Guimar&#227;es</bold> &#8226; Centro Hospitalar de Tr&#225;s-os-montes e Alto Douro EPE &#8211; Cardiologia &#8211; Av. Noruega Vila Real <postal-code>5000-508</postal-code> &#8211; Portugal E-mail: <email>josepedro.ag@gmail.com</email></corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research, Acquisition of data and Writing of the manuscript: Guimar&#227;es JPA; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Trigo J, Gon&#231;alves F, Moreira JI.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Amyloidosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic</kwd>
        <kwd>Hypertension</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Failure</kwd>
        <kwd>Stroke</kwd>
        <kwd>Renal, Insufficiency Chronic</kwd>
        <kwd>Echocardiography/methods</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Wild-type transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (wt-ATTR-CM) is increasingly recognized due to the recognition of the increasing prevalence, advances in diagnostic methods, and the development of effective treatments.</p>
      <p>We report the case of an 88-year-old female with history of hypertension, chronic kidney disease (CKD), heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, and no relevant family history. She presented to the emergency department with history of syncope, productive cough, worsening dyspnea, and fever. The auscultation showed a grade III/VI systolic murmur in her left sternal border, no breath sounds in the right lung base and bilateral rhonchi.</p>
      <p>The electrocardiogram revealed a complete atrioventricular (AV) block; the chest X-ray, a bilateral alveolar edema and consolidation in the right lung, and the analytical results were remarkable for acute kidney injury with hyperkalemia. The AV block resolved after potassium levels correction, and she was admitted with the diagnosis of community acquired pneumonia and decompensated heart failure.</p>
      <p>The transthoracic echocardiogram (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">Video 1</xref>) revealed asymmetric hypertrophy of the left ventricle (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">Figure 1</xref> - <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">A</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">B</xref>) and systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve causing obstruction of the left ventricle outflow tract (LVOT) with mid-systolic closure of the aortic valve (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">Figure 1</xref> - <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">C</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">D</xref>). These findings were suggestive of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The LV was non-dilated and had a preserved ejection fraction; her global longitudinal strain (GLS) was reduced with an apical sparing pattern (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f7">Figure 2</xref>). There was moderate mitral regurgitation, mild aortic regurgitation, and the estimated systolic pulmonary artery pressure was 40 mmHg.</p>
      <fig id="f5">
        <label>Video 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Transthoracic echocardiogram parasternal and apical views. Valve (red arrow) (C-D) with a maximum intraventricular gradient of 70 mmHg. URL: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2021/11604/2020-0236-video01.mp4">http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2021/11604/2020-0236-video01.mp4</ext-link></title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-04-0850-00236-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
      <fig id="f6">
        <label>Figure 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Asymmetric septal hypertrophy (septum=19mm; posterior wall=13mm) (A-B); systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve causing LVOT and mid-systolic closure of the aortic valve.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-04-0850-00236-gf02-en.tif"/></fig>
      <fig id="f7">
        <label>Figure 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Reduced GLS (-12.4%) and relative apical sparing pattern.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-04-0850-00236-gf03-en.tif"/></fig>
      <p>The <sup>99m</sup>Tc-DPD <italic>scintigraphy showed diffuse biventricular tracer uptake (grade II,</italic> <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f8"><italic>Figure 3</italic></xref>), and there was no evidence of a monoclonal protein in serum and urine immunofixation and in a light chain essay.</p>
      <fig id="f8">
        <label>Figure 3</label>
        <caption>
          <title><sup>99m</sup>Tc-DPD scintigraphy showing grade II biventricular tracer uptake.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-04-0850-00236-gf04-en.tif"/></fig>
      <p>The echocardiographic features, the cardiac uptake of <sup>99m</sup>Tc-DPD, and the absence of a monoclonal protein defined the diagnosis of ATTR-CM.</p>
      <p>Unfortunately, the patient had an unfavorable outcome with a nosocomial superinfection and progressive heart failure that culminated in death. The results of the TTR genetic testing were negative, thus confirming the diagnosis of wt-ATTR.</p>
      <p>Wt-ATTR may be the most frequent form of cardiac amyloidosis,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> however the diagnosis is challenging given the broad clinical spectrum, lack of &#8220;classical&#8221; findings, and the phenotype attributed to hypertensive heart disease, aortic stenosis, or HCM.</p>
      <p>Echocardiography is the diagnostic cornerstone and the main finding is LVH, but the ratio of patients with asymmetric LVH is high.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref> Strain imaging is useful for the differential diagnosis because of its distinctive pattern of &#8220;apical sparing&#8221;.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref> Other signs are valve thickening, atrial septal thickening, right ventricular hypertrophy, biatrial dilatation, mild pericardial effusion, and granular sparkling appearance of the myocardium.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref></p>
      <p>Nuclear scintigraphy using bone tracers is useful for the non-invasive diagnosis. Grade II or III uptake in the absence of a monoclonal protein had 100% specificity and positive predictive value in a landmark study.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref> Because light-chain amyloidosis can cause mild cardiac uptake and unrelated monoclonal gammopathy is common in older patients, screening for a monoclonal protein is mandatory. Finally, genetic testing is required to distinguish between wt and hereditary-ATTR.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref></p>
      <p>ATTR-CM is an under-recognized cause of heart failure in older adults. With the development of effective therapies, the appropriate recognition and diagnosis of ATTR-CM will have a direct therapeutic impact.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by" id="fn4">
          <p>
            <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
          </p>
          <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn5">
          <p>
            <bold>Study Association</bold>
          </p>
          <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn6">
          <p>
            <bold>Ethics approval and consent to participate</bold>
          </p>
          <p>This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
