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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">SdfNmhqWjZf4TgZFFFCZcwM</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2021000500836</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20200971</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20200971</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta Cient&#237;fica</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Dupla Via de Sa&#237;da de Ventr&#237;culo Direito com Comunica&#231;&#227;o Interventricular n&#227;o Relacionada e Estenose Pulmonar, em Evolu&#231;&#227;o Natural, em Mulher com 36 Anos</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7773-4174</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Atik</surname>
            <given-names>Edmar</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Edmar Atik</bold> &#8226; Rua Dona Adma Jafet, 74 cj 73. CEP <postal-code>01308-050</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil E-mail: <email>edmar.atik@incor.usp.br</email></corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos Autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa, Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados, An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados, Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito e Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Atik E.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial Conflito de Interesses</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>16</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>116</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>836</fpage>
      <lpage>839</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>01</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>14</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>14</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Dupla Via de Ventr&#237;culo Direito</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiopatias Cong&#234;nitas/cirurgia</kwd>
        <kwd>Comunica&#231;&#227;o Interventricular</kwd>
        <kwd>Diagn&#243;stico por Imagem</kwd>
        <kwd>Estenose da Valva Pulmonar</kwd>
        <kwd>Adulto</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="4"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="7"/>
        <page-count count="4"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>O defeito cong&#234;nito caracterizado por sa&#237;da de ambas grandes art&#233;rias do ventr&#237;culo direito (VD), de forma completa ou mesmo em cavalgamento superior a 50% de uma das art&#233;rias sobre o septo interventricular, apresenta rela&#231;&#245;es vari&#225;veis dessas art&#233;rias com a comunica&#231;&#227;o interventricular (CIV), assim como associa&#231;&#227;o com outras vari&#225;veis an&#225;tomo-funcionais.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref></p>
      <p>No defeito mais comum associado, a CIV isolada, em posi&#231;&#227;o suba&#243;rtica ou na n&#227;o relacionada &#224;s grandes art&#233;rias, o quadro funcional se expressa com predom&#237;nio da sobrecarga de volume do cora&#231;&#227;o como um todo, incrementada pela sobrecarga de press&#227;o, causando insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca precoce.</p>
      <p>Em defeitos associados como coarta&#231;&#227;o da aorta, estenose mitral e ainda quando a CIV se mostra restritiva, h&#225; acentua&#231;&#227;o do quadro congestivo pulmonar. Associa&#231;&#227;o com defeito do septo atrioventricular, anomalias de posi&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca e de isomerismos atriais, tamb&#233;m refor&#231;am este quadro.</p>
      <p>Na associa&#231;&#227;o da CIV com estenose pulmonar infund&#237;bulo-valvar, surge outro tipo de complica&#231;&#227;o da din&#226;mica cardiovascular, respons&#225;vel pelo aparecimento de quadros variados de hip&#243;xia. A cianose &#233; progressivamente mais intensa na depend&#234;ncia da acentua&#231;&#227;o da estenose pulmonar, quadro similar &#224;quele apresentado na tetralogia de Fallot. O mesmo ocorre em pacientes submetidos &#224; bandagem pulmonar pr&#233;via.</p>
      <p>Na CIV subpulmonar (tipo <italic>Taussig-Bing</italic>), decorrente do resultante hiperfluxo pulmonar com sobrecarga de volume das cavidades esquerdas, expressa-se da&#237; quadro de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca congestiva com pletora venocapilar pulmonar. A hipoxemia em geral &#233; discreta nessa condi&#231;&#227;o, e se acentua quando a comunica&#231;&#227;o interatrial se mostra restritiva. A hip&#243;xia se mostra mais intensa em associa&#231;&#227;o com estenose pulmonar. A exterioriza&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica precoce nos primeiros dias de vida &#233; similar &#224; encontrada na transposi&#231;&#227;o das grandes art&#233;rias com CIV.</p>
      <p>Em linhas gerais, varia&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas dependem da intensidade dos defeitos obstrutivos, do tamanho das comunica&#231;&#245;es intercavit&#225;rias e de defeitos associados, que no conjunto incrementam a din&#226;mica cardiovascular.</p>
      <p>Por vezes, na associa&#231;&#227;o de estenose pulmonar e CIV, pode haver balanceamento dos fluxos, sist&#234;mico e pulmonar, de tal modo que o paciente evolui at&#233; a idade adulta sem manifesta&#231;&#245;es, mas com poss&#237;veis futuras complica&#231;&#245;es, dada a sobrecarga de press&#227;o imposta ao VD.</p>
      <p>Nesse diapas&#227;o, se torna discut&#237;vel a conduta expectante cl&#237;nica que se adota em pacientes que estejam evoluindo favoravelmente em idades mais precoces, quando crian&#231;as ou jovens.</p>
      <p>Esta seria a raz&#227;o principal da discuss&#227;o e apresenta&#231;&#227;o do caso a seguir.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Descri&#231;&#227;o do Caso</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Dados cl&#237;nicos:</title>
        <p>Paciente com 36 anos de idade evolui com palpita&#231;&#245;es h&#225; 8 anos por extrass&#237;stoles ventriculares e supraventriculares, mesmo com o uso de propafenona. Refere boa toler&#226;ncia a esfor&#231;os f&#237;sicos usuais e usa levotiroxina por hipotireoidismo. Endocardite infecciosa foi tratada com 17 anos de idade. A fam&#237;lia rejeitou a ideia de interven&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica na primeira d&#233;cada da vida, em vista de que nesta &#233;poca a paciente se encontrava em bom estado geral e sem sintomas.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Exame f&#237;sico:</title>
        <p>bom estado geral, eupneica, acian&#243;tica, pulsos normais nos 4 membros. Peso: 55 Kg, Alt.: 165 cm, PAMSD: 100x65 mmHg, FC: 79 bpm, Sat.O<sub>2</sub>= 96%.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Prec&#243;rdio:</title>
        <p><italic>ictus cordis</italic> n&#227;o palpado, sem impuls&#245;es sist&#243;licas na borda external esquerda. Bulhas card&#237;acas hiperfon&#233;ticas, sopro sist&#243;lico moderado em borda external esquerda alta, sem fr&#234;mito, 3/6+. F&#237;gado n&#227;o palpado e pulm&#245;es limpos.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Exames Complementares</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Eletrocardiograma:</title>
        <p>Ritmo sinusal, com morfologia &#8220;rs&#8221; em V1 estando a onda &#8220;r&#8221; espessada e entalhada (AQRS= +60&#186;). Havia sobrecarga ventricular direita tipo diast&#243;lica com onda T negativa em V1, e presen&#231;a de potenciais esquerdos com complexo qRs em V6, sendo altas as ondas R de V4 a V6. N&#227;o havia altera&#231;&#245;es da repolariza&#231;&#227;o ventricular (AT= +60&#186;), onda P normal (AP= +50&#186;) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1</xref>).</p>
        <fig id="f1">
          <label>Figura 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Radiografia de t&#243;rax mostra o aumento discreto a moderado da &#225;rea card&#237;aca a custa do arco ventricular esquerdo alongado e arredondado (ICT=0,57). Trama vascular pulmonar aumentada estando bem saliente no hilo &#224; direita com arco m&#233;dio abaulado. Eletrocardiograma salienta a sobrecarga diast&#243;lica de ambos os ventr&#237;culos.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-04-0836-00971-gf01.tif"/></fig>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Radiografia de t&#243;rax:</title>
        <p>Aumento discreto a moderado da &#225;rea card&#237;aca a custa do arco ventricular esquerdo, longo e arredondado (ICT=0,57). Trama vascular pulmonar aumentada estando mais saliente no hilo &#224; direita, com arco m&#233;dio abaulado. Arco a&#243;rtico normal (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1</xref>).</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Ecocardiograma:</title>
        <p>Conex&#227;o atrioventricular concordante e dupla via de sa&#237;da de VD com aorta anterior e &#224; direita. A veia cava inferior era dilatada com 21 mm, com contraste espont&#226;neo. A CIV de via de entrada com extens&#227;o para a via de sa&#237;da era ampla e n&#227;o relacionada, media 26 mm, com fluxo bidirecional, preferente da esquerda &#224; direita e sem restri&#231;&#227;o, e sem gradiente de press&#227;o interventricular. Os &#225;trios eram aumentados, especialmente &#224; esquerda (AE=51 mm). VD hipertr&#243;fico e dilatado com fun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica preservada. Na via de sa&#237;da havia estenose infundibular e tamb&#233;m a n&#237;vel da valva pulmonar, com gradiente sist&#243;lico de 85 mmHg. O ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (VE) era hipertr&#243;fico e dilatado (67 mm) com fun&#231;&#227;o normal. A aorta tinha 35 mm e as art&#233;rias pulmonares confluentes, a direita com 28 mm e a esquerda com 24 mm. A valva tric&#250;spide tinha 30 mm e a valva mitral 25 mm (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 2</xref>).</p>
        <fig id="f2">
          <label>Figura 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Ecocardiograma mostra em corte de 4 c&#226;maras a grande comunica&#231;&#227;o interventricular (seta) de via de entrada e em corte subcostal os dois grandes vasos emergindo do ventr&#237;culo direito estando a aorta &#224; direita da pulmonar. A obstru&#231;&#227;o pulmonar se inicia na regi&#227;o infundibular. A tomografia card&#237;aca salienta as cavidades ventriculares e as art&#233;rias pulmonares dilatadas al&#233;m da comunica&#231;&#227;o interventricular (seta). AD: &#225;trio direito; AE: &#225;trio esquerdo; VD: ventr&#237;culo direito; VE: ventr&#237;culo esquerdo; Ao: aorta; TP: tronco pulmonar; AP&#180;s: art&#233;rias pulmonares.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-04-0836-00971-gf02.tif"/></fig>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Angiotomografia:</title>
        <p>O diagn&#243;stico foi confirmado com medidas semelhantes &#224;s do ecocardiograma, estando aumentados o &#225;trio esquerdo e as duas cavidades ventriculares. A fun&#231;&#227;o biventricular era normal. A art&#233;ria pulmonar era posterior &#224; esquerda e a aorta &#224; direita e anterior (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 2</xref>).</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Holter:</title>
        <p>Extrass&#237;stoles ventriculares (3% do total de batimentos), sem taquicardias supraventriculares ou ventriculares. A frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca variou de 51 a 116 bpm, com m&#233;dia de 76 bpm.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Ergoespirometria:</title>
        <p>Consumo m&#225;ximo de oxig&#234;nio ajustado para o peso corporal de 22,3 ml/kg/min. A press&#227;o arterial em repouso era de 100x60 mmHg com 75 bpm e no esfor&#231;o m&#225;ximo de 130x60 mmHg, com 155 bpm.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Diagn&#243;stico cl&#237;nico:</title>
        <p>Dupla via de sa&#237;da de VD com a aorta anterior e &#224; direita, com grande comunica&#231;&#227;o interventricular de via de entrada, n&#227;o relacionada, e estenose pulmonar infund&#237;bulo-valvar, em evolu&#231;&#227;o natural na idade adulta.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Caracter&#237;sticas Cl&#237;nicas</title>
      <sec>
        <title>A) Racioc&#237;nio Cl&#237;nico:</title>
        <p>Havia elementos cl&#237;nicos de orienta&#231;&#227;o diagn&#243;stica da cardiopatia cong&#234;nita, com malposi&#231;&#227;o arterial pela hiperfonese de bulhas card&#237;acas e da estenose pulmonar em presen&#231;a de sopro sist&#243;lico de eje&#231;&#227;o na &#225;rea pulmonar, com irradia&#231;&#227;o &#224; borda external esquerda. A sobrecarga diast&#243;lica de VD no eletrocardiograma com potenciais n&#237;tidos de VE expressam a presen&#231;a de dois ventr&#237;culos bem formados e da&#237; se invoca presen&#231;a de CIV associada. O defeito obstrutivo pulmonar contrabalan&#231;a o da CIV, de tal maneira que a paciente permaneceu sem cianose, com fluxo preferencial da esquerda para a direita e sem sintomas. O diagn&#243;stico cl&#237;nico elaborado foi bem estabelecido pela ecocardiografia e tomografia.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>B) Diagn&#243;stico diferencial:</title>
        <p>Este quadro geral pode ser encontrado em outros defeitos que se assemelham nesta din&#226;mica de comunica&#231;&#227;o intercavit&#225;ria e estenose pulmonar, como na transposi&#231;&#227;o das grandes art&#233;rias e na dupla via de entrada de VE ou VD, nas atresias das valvas atrioventriculares e na transposi&#231;&#227;o corrigida das grandes art&#233;rias. Outros elementos dos exames complementares usuais os diferenciam.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Conduta:</title>
        <p>Em face do balanceamento dos fluxos pulmonar e sist&#234;mico ao longo do tempo, com aus&#234;ncia de sinais de hipoxemia e/ou de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca e na presen&#231;a de boa toler&#226;ncia f&#237;sica, foi considerada a continuidade da conduta expectante cl&#237;nica.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <p>A evolu&#231;&#227;o natural desta paciente at&#233; a idade adulta nos salienta elementos desfavor&#225;veis, embora tenha se mostrado em boas condi&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas e hemodin&#226;micas. S&#227;o eles os caracteres adquiridos que interferem na evolu&#231;&#227;o a maior prazo de tempo adiante. Correspondem ao aumento das cavidades card&#237;acas, por hiperfluxo pulmonar em per&#237;odo anterior de tempo, e pela progress&#227;o da estenose pulmonar, com hipertrofia e dilata&#231;&#227;o card&#237;acas. Apesar da manuten&#231;&#227;o da boa fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular, a paciente est&#225; sujeita ao aparecimento de outros fatores adversos como acentua&#231;&#227;o das arritmias, insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca diast&#243;lica, surgimento de hipoxemia progressiva, de endocardite infecciosa, causas do prov&#225;vel descontrole cl&#237;nico evolutivo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref></p>
      <p>Por outro lado, pouco se pode oferecer neste momento, do ponto de vista cir&#250;rgico, pois a t&#233;cnica presum&#237;vel como mais adequada seria a funcional de <italic>Fontan</italic>, contraindicada pela aus&#234;ncia atual de hip&#243;xia. A t&#233;cnica corretiva seria muito dif&#237;cil pela presen&#231;a de CIV n&#227;o relacionada e com aorta anterior.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref> Pergunta-se da&#237;, em casos semelhantes na idade infantil, se n&#227;o seria mais conveniente a tentativa da corre&#231;&#227;o, naquela faixa et&#225;ria, mesmo com risco cir&#250;rgico tamb&#233;m consider&#225;vel.</p>
      <p>Na recorda&#231;&#227;o das t&#233;cnicas cir&#250;rgicas, na CIV suba&#243;rtica se realiza a tuneliza&#231;&#227;o com peric&#225;rdio bovino, <italic>dacron</italic> ou <italic>goretex</italic> do fluxo sangu&#237;neo do VE para a aorta. Este defeito pode ser ampliado quando restritivo ao fluxo, na face anterior do mesmo, evitando-se assim o feixe de condu&#231;&#227;o &#237;nfero-dorsal. Em presen&#231;a de estenose pulmonar, &#233; similar a corre&#231;&#227;o &#224;quela efetuada na tetralogia de <italic>Fallot</italic> com ressec&#231;&#227;o do m&#250;sculo infundibular, por via atrial ou por ventriculotomia direita, ademais da valvotomia pulmonar com amplia&#231;&#227;o do anel pulmonar e posterior coloca&#231;&#227;o da monoc&#250;spide. Enxerto valvulado entre o VD e o tronco pulmonar pode ser necess&#225;rio, quando este se situa posteriormente ou quando a art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria se posiciona na via de sa&#237;da ventricular, pr&#243;xima ao anel pulmonar. Na impossibilidade de corre&#231;&#227;o, quando o VD se mostra hipopl&#225;sico, orienta &#224; opera&#231;&#227;o cavopulmonar total como descrita no ventr&#237;culo &#250;nico funcional ou anat&#244;mico. Por sua vez, na CIV subpulmonar, o VE &#233; direcionado ao tronco pulmonar. Dessa maneira, a troca arterial e das art&#233;rias coron&#225;rias seguem as mesmas t&#225;ticas preconizadas segundo a corre&#231;&#227;o de <italic>Jatene</italic>.</p>
      <p>A evolu&#231;&#227;o p&#243;s-operat&#243;ria geralmente obedece a t&#233;cnica preferida e necess&#225;ria conforme o tipo anat&#244;mico. Problemas mais intensos s&#227;o verificados no manejo p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio quando se realiza a coloca&#231;&#227;o de tubos de conex&#227;o entre o VD e o tronco pulmonar, em vista de obstru&#231;&#227;o e/ou de insufici&#234;ncia valvar na evolu&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      <p>Arritmias podem complicar a evolu&#231;&#227;o quando em associa&#231;&#245;es com isomerismos atriais, disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular e em defeitos residuais p&#243;s-operat&#243;rios.</p>
      <p>No motivo desta apresenta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica, pela associa&#231;&#227;o espec&#237;fica da estenose pulmonar e CIV n&#227;o relacionada, o quadro funcional se torna dependente mais da repercuss&#227;o da les&#227;o obstrutiva. A estenose pulmonar pode diminuir a repercuss&#227;o da CIV e haver um contrabalanceamento tal que os fluxos pulmonar e sist&#234;mico se equivalem. Por isso, a paciente pode permanecer sem sobrecargas de volume e sem sintomas e evoluir adequadamente at&#233; a idade adulta, sem manifesta&#231;&#227;o. No entanto, a sobrecarga sist&#243;lica do VD pela estenose pulmonar e a discreta repercuss&#227;o de volume do VE podem, a maior prazo, ocasionar problemas evolutivos como insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, arritmias, que obscurecem os resultados, e colocam a vida em risco.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref></p>
      <p>Em presen&#231;a de CIV n&#227;o relacionada como no caso em exposi&#231;&#227;o, a t&#233;cnica idealizada por <italic>Barbero-Marcial3</italic> direciona o VE para a aorta com tuneliza&#231;&#227;o com remendos desde a CIV at&#233; a valva a&#243;rtica, e com al&#237;vio da estenose pulmonar aplicada com relativo sucesso em face de sobrevida de 86,5% ap&#243;s 10 anos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref> Outra t&#233;cnica, como o direcionamento pela CIV &#224; art&#233;ria pulmonar e troca arterial subsequente, tamb&#233;m se torna vi&#225;vel.</p>
      <p>Conclui-se que a conduta mais adequada nestes pacientes, mesmo com equil&#237;brio dos fluxos sist&#234;mico e pulmonar, seja a da interven&#231;&#227;o corretiva em idades mais precoces, mesmo que o paciente esteja em boa condi&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref></p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by" id="fn1">
        <p>
          <bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold>
        </p>
        <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
        <p>
          <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o Acad&#234;mica</bold>
        </p>
        <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn3">
        <p>
          <bold>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#201;tica e Consentimento Informado</bold>
        </p>
        <p>Este artigo n&#227;o cont&#233;m estudos com humanos ou animais realizados por nenhum dos autores.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Letter</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Double Outlet Right Ventricle with Unrelated Ventricular Septal Defect and Pulmonary Stenosis, in Natural Evolution, in a 36-Year-Old Woman</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7773-4174</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Atik</surname>
            <given-names>Edmar</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Edmar Atik</bold> &#8226; Rua Dona Adma Jafet, 74 cj 73. Postal Code <postal-code>01308-050</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil E-mail: <email>edmar.atik@incor.usp.br</email></corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author Contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research, Acquisition of data, Analysis and interpretation of the data, Writing of the manuscript and Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Atik E.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Double Outlet Right Ventricle</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Defects</kwd>
        <kwd>Congenital/surgery</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Septal Defects Ventricular</kwd>
        <kwd>Diagnostic</kwd>
        <kwd>Imaging</kwd>
        <kwd>Pulmonary Valve Stenosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Adult</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>The congenital defect, characterized by the exit of both large arteries from the right ventricle (RV), completely or even when overlapping more than 50% of one of the arteries over the interventricular septum, presents variable relationships between these arteries and the ventricular septal defect (VSD), as well as association with other anatomical and functional variables.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref></p>
        <p>In the most common associated defect, the isolated VSD, in a subaortic position or in that unrelated to the large arteries, the functional condition is expressed with a predominance of volume overload of the heart as a whole, increased by pressure overload, causing early heart failure.</p>
        <p>In associated defects such as coarctation of the aorta, mitral stenosis and even when the VSD is restrictive, there is an increase in the pulmonary congestive condition. Association with atrioventricular septal defect, abnormalities of cardiac position and atrial isomerism, also reinforce this picture.</p>
        <p>In the association of VSD with infundibular and valvar pulmonary stenosis, another type of complication of cardiovascular dynamics appears, responsible for the appearance of varied hypoxia. Cyanosis is progressively more intense depending on the accentuation of pulmonary stenosis, a picture similar to that presented in the tetralogy of Fallot. The same occurs in patients submitted to previous pulmonary banding.</p>
        <p>In subpulmonary VSD (Taussig-Bing type), accentuation of pulmonary arterial flow with volume overload of the left cavities is responsible for congestive heart failure, expressed by pulmonary venocapillary plethora. Hypoxemia is generally mild in this condition, and is accentuated when interatrial communication is restrictive. Hypoxia is more intense in association with pulmonary stenosis. Early clinical exteriorization in the first days of life is similar to that found in the transposition of the great arteries with VSD.</p>
        <p>In general, clinical variations depend on the intensity of the obstructive defects, the size of intercavitary communications and associated defects, which together increase cardiovascular dynamics.</p>
        <p>Sometimes, in the association of pulmonary stenosis and VSD, there may be a balance of flows, systemic and pulmonary, in such a way that the patient progresses to adulthood without manifestations, but with possible future complications, given the pressure overload imposed on the RV.</p>
        <p>In this tuning fork, the clinical expectant conduct adopted in patients who are progressing favorably at earlier ages, as children or young people, becomes debatable.</p>
        <p>This would be the main reason for the discussion and presentation of the following case.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="cases">
        <title>Case Description</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Clinical data:</title>
          <p>A 36-year-old patient developed palpitations for 8 years due to ventricular and supraventricular extrasystoles, even with the use of propafenone. She reports good tolerance to usual physical exertion and uses hypothyroidism levothyroxine. Infectious endocarditis was treated at 17 years of age. The family rejected the idea of surgical intervention in the first decade of life, considering that at that time the patient was in good general condition and without symptoms.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Physical examination:</title>
          <p>Good general condition, eupneic, acyanotic, normal pulses in the four limbs. Weight: 55 Kg, Height: 165 cm, BP: 100x65 mmHg, CF: 79 bpm, O<sub>2</sub> Sat.= 96%.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Precordium:</title>
          <p>Apical impulse not palpable, without systolic impulses on the left external border. Accentuated heart sounds, moderate systolic murmur on the upper left external edge, without thrill, 3/6 + intensity. No palpable liver and clear lungs.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Complementary Exams</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Electrocardiogram:</title>
          <p>Sinus rhythm, with &#8220;rs&#8221; morphology in V1, with the &#8220;r&#8221; wave being thickened and notched (AQRS= +60&#186;). There was diastolic right ventricular overload with negative T wave in V1, and the presence of left potentials with qRs complex in V6, with high R waves from V4 to V6. There were no changes in ventricular repolarization (AT = + 60&#186;), and P wave was normal (AP = + 50&#186;) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
          <fig id="f3">
            <label>Figure 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Chest X-ray shows a slight to moderate increase in the cardiac area at the expense of the elongated and rounded left ventricular arch (CTI = 0.57). Increased pulmonary vascular network being well protruding from the hilum on the right with a convex arch. Electrocardiogram highlights the diastolic overload of both ventricles.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-04-0836-00971-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Chest radiography:</title>
          <p>Mild to moderate increase in the cardiac area at the expense of the long, rounded left ventricular arch (CTI = 0.57). Increased pulmonary vascular network being more prominent in the hilum on the right, with a convex medium arch. Normal aortic arch (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Echocardiogram:</title>
          <p>Concordant atrioventricular connection and double outlet of both arteries from the RV, being the anterior aorta at right side. The inferior vena cava was dilated with 21 mm, with spontaneous contrast. The inlet VSD with extension to the outlet route was wide and unrelated, measuring 26 mm, with bidirectional flow, preferably from left to right and without restriction, and without an interventricular pressure gradient. The atria were enlarged, especially on the left (LA = 51 mm). Hypertrophic and dilated RV with preserved systolic function. In the outflow tract there was infundibular stenosis and also at the pulmonary valve level, with a systolic gradient of 85 mm Hg. The left ventricle (LV) was hypertrophic and dilated (67 mm) with normal function. The diameter of the aorta was 35 mm and the pulmonary arteries confluent, the right with 28 mm and the left with 24 mm. The tricuspid valve was 30 mm and the mitral valve was 25 mm (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figure 2</xref>).</p>
          <fig id="f4">
            <label>Figure 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Echocardiogram shows, in a 4-chamber view, the large interventricular communication (arrow) of the entry route and in subcostal view, the two large vessels emerging from the right ventricle with the aorta to the right of the pulmonary. Pulmonary obstruction begins in the infundibular region. Cardiac tomography highlights ventricular cavities and dilated pulmonary arteries in addition to interventricular communication (arrow). RA: right atrium; LA: left atrium; RV: right ventricle; LV: left ventricle; PT: pulmonary trunk; PA&#180;s: pulmonary arteries.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-04-0836-00971-gf02-en.tif"/></fig>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Angiotomography:</title>
          <p>The diagnosis was confirmed with measurements similar to those of the echocardiogram, with the left atrium and the two ventricular cavities enlarged. The biventricular function was normal. The pulmonary artery was posterior to the left and the aorta to the right and anterior (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figure 2</xref>).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Holter:</title>
          <p>Ventricular extrasystoles (3% of total beats), without supraventricular or ventricular tachycardias. Heart rate ranged from 51 to 116 bpm, with an average of 76 bpm.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Ergospirometry:</title>
          <p>Maximum oxygen consumption adjusted for body weight of 22.3 ml/kg/min. Blood pressure at rest was 100x60 mmHg at 75 bpm and at maximum effort was 130x60 mmHg at 155 bpm.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Clinical diagnosis:</title>
          <p>Double outlet RV with the anterior and right aorta, with great unrelated VSD at the inlet portion, and infundibulo-valve pulmonary stenosis, in natural evolution in adulthood.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Clinical Characteristics</title>
        <sec>
          <title>A) Clinical Reasoning:</title>
          <p>There were clinical elements of diagnostic guidance for congenital heart disease, with arterial malposition due to accentuated heart sounds and pulmonary stenosis in the presence of systolic ejection murmur in the pulmonary area, with irradiation to the left external border. The right ventricular diastolic overload on the electrocardiogram with clear LV potentials express the presence of two well-formed ventricles and hence the presence of associated VSD. The obstructive pulmonary defect counterbalances that of VSD, in such a way that the patient remained without cyanosis, with preferential flow from left to right and without symptoms. The elaborated clinical diagnosis was well established by echocardiography and tomography.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>B) Differential diagnosis:</title>
          <p>This general picture can be found in other defects that are similar in this dynamics of VSD and pulmonary stenosis, such as in the transposition of the great arteries and in the double entry way of the LV or RV, in the atresia of the atrioventricular valves and in the corrected transposition of the great arteries. Other elements of the usual complementary exams differentiate them.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conduct:</title>
          <p>In view of the balance of pulmonary and systemic flows over time, with no signs of hypoxemia and / or heart failure and in the presence of good physical tolerance, the continuity of the expectant clinical conduct was considered.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <p>The natural evolution of this patient until adulthood highlights unfavorable elements, although she has been shown to be in good clinical and hemodynamic conditions. They are acquired characters that interfere with the evolution over a longer period of time. They correspond to the increase in cardiac cavities, due to accentuated pulmonary flow in the previous period of time, and to the progression of pulmonary stenosis, with cardiac hypertrophy and dilation. Despite the maintenance of good ventricular function, the patient is subject to the appearance of other adverse factors such as accentuated arrhythmias, diastolic heart failure, the appearance of progressive hypoxemia, of infective endocarditis, causes of the probable evolutionary clinical lack of control.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref></p>
        <p>On the other hand, little can be offered at this point, from the surgical point of view, as the presumed technique as the most appropriate would be Fontan's functional, contraindicated by the current absence of hypoxia. The corrective technique would be very difficult due to the presence of unrelated VSD and the anterior aorta.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref> Hence, in similar cases in childhood, one wonders whether it would be more convenient to try to correct it, in that age group, even with a considerable surgical risk.</p>
        <p>When recalling surgical techniques, subaortic VSD involves tunneling with bovine pericardium, dacron or goretex of blood flow from the LV to the aorta. This defect can be amplified when restricting the flow, on the anterior face of the same, thus avoiding the infero-dorsal conduction beam. In the presence of pulmonary stenosis, the correction is similar to that performed in the tetralogy of Fallot with resection of the infundibular muscle, through the atrial route or by right ventriculotomy, in addition to the pulmonary valvotomy with enlargement of the pulmonary ring and subsequent placement of the monocuspid. A valve graft between the RV and the pulmonary trunk may be necessary, when it is located posteriorly or when the coronary artery is positioned in the ventricular outflow tract, close to the pulmonary ring. In the absence of correction, when the RV is hypoplastic, it guides the total cavopulmonary operation as described in the single functional or anatomical ventricle. In turn, in subpulmonary VSD, the LV is directed to the pulmonary trunk. Thus, arterial and coronary artery exchange follow the same tactics recommended according to Jatene's correction.</p>
        <p>Postoperative evolution generally follows the preferred and necessary technique depending on the anatomical type. More intense problems are seen in the postoperative management when placing connection tubes between the RV and the pulmonary trunk, in view of obstruction and/or valve failure in the evolution.</p>
        <p>Arrhythmias can complicate the evolution when in association with atrial isomerism, ventricular dysfunction and in postoperative residual defects.</p>
        <p>Due to this clinical presentation, due to the specific association of pulmonary stenosis and unrelated VSD, the functional condition becomes more dependent on the repercussion of the obstructive lesion. Pulmonary stenosis can decrease the repercussion of VSD and there is a counterbalance such that the pulmonary and systemic flows are equivalent. Therefore, the patient can remain without volume overloads and symptoms and progress properly until adulthood, without manifestation. However, systolic overload of the RV due to pulmonary stenosis and the slight repercussion of left ventricular volume can, in the long run, cause evolutionary problems such as heart failure, arrhythmias, which obscure the results, and put life at risk.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref></p>
        <p>In the presence of unrelated VSD as in the case on display, the technique devised by Barbero-Marcial<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref> directs the LV to the aorta with tunneling with patches from the VSD to the aortic valve, and with relief of pulmonary stenosis, applied with relative success in survival rate of 86.5% after 10 years.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref> Another technique, such as directing VSD to the pulmonary artery and subsequent arterial exchange is also feasible.</p>
        <p>It is concluded, therefore, that the most appropriate management in these patients, even with balance of flows, systemic and pulmonary, is that of corrective intervention at earlier ages, even if the patient is in good clinical condition.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref></p>
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      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by" id="fn4">
          <p>
            <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
          </p>
          <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn5">
          <p>
            <bold>Study Association</bold>
          </p>
          <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn6">
          <p>
            <bold>Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate</bold>
          </p>
          <p>This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
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