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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">5nD74HRqXr7JN4m7x7P89vz</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2021000500812</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20210106</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20210106</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Hipertens&#227;o Pulmonar na S&#237;ndrome do Ov&#225;rio Polic&#237;stico</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5322-0902</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Reddy</surname>
            <given-names>Yogesh N. V.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Cl&#237;nica Mayo</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Divis&#227;o de Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rochester</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="US">EUA</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Divis&#227;o de Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares, Cl&#237;nica Mayo, Rochester - EUA</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Yogesh N. V. Reddy</bold> &#8226; Mayo Clinic - 200 1st St SW Rochester <postal-code>55901</postal-code> &#8211; EUA E-mail: <email>reddy.yogesh@mayo.edu</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>16</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>116</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>812</fpage>
      <lpage>813</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>S&#237;ndrome do Ov&#225;rio Polic&#237;stico</kwd>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o Pulmonar</kwd>
        <kwd>Obesidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Resist&#234;ncia &#224; Insulina</kwd>
        <kwd>Ecocardiografia Doppler/m&#233;todos</kwd>
        <kwd>&#205;ndice de Massa Corp&#243;rea</kwd>
        <kwd>Remodela&#231;&#227;o Ventricular</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="17"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A S&#237;ndrome do Ov&#225;rio Polic&#237;stico (SOP) &#233; uma s&#237;ndrome endocrinol&#243;gica complexa que se apresenta em mulheres com obesidade, resist&#234;ncia &#224; insulina e anormalidades nos horm&#244;nios sexuais. &#201; intrigante que na hipertens&#227;o pulmonar &#8220;idiop&#225;tica&#8221;, tamb&#233;m parece haver uma alta preval&#234;ncia das mesmas caracter&#237;sticas de obesidade, resist&#234;ncia &#224; insulina e anormalidades nos horm&#244;nios sexuais.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref> No entanto, apesar dessa sobreposi&#231;&#227;o e do risco te&#243;rico de hipertens&#227;o pulmonar na SOP, pouco se sabe sobre a intersec&#231;&#227;o das duas condi&#231;&#245;es. Dada a idade jovem das pacientes no momento do diagn&#243;stico de SOP, somente comprometimentos leves t&#234;m sido consistentemente descritos na fun&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca esquerda,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref> com a doen&#231;a cardiovascular evidente frequentemente se manifestando muitas d&#233;cadas depois.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref> (6,7). Mas, surpreendentemente, pouco se sabe sobre a remodela&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca direita subcl&#237;nica ou hipertens&#227;o pulmonar nessa condi&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    <p>Nesse contexto, Abacioglu et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> fornecem novas informa&#231;&#245;es sobre a remodela&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca estrutural em pacientes com SOP, com aten&#231;&#227;o especial &#224; estrutura e fun&#231;&#227;o card&#237;acas direitas. Eles inclu&#237;ram 44 pacientes com SOP e 60 controles pareados que foram submetidos a ecocardiografia abrangente e avalia&#231;&#227;o da resist&#234;ncia &#224; insulina pelo modelo de avalia&#231;&#227;o da homeostase da resist&#234;ncia &#224; insulina (HOMA-IR). Al&#233;m das medidas da fun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica card&#237;aca esquerda, os autores tamb&#233;m realizaram o Doppler por onda de pulso da via de sa&#237;da do ventr&#237;culo direito para estimar a rigidez arterial pulmonar e utilizaram a bem validada rela&#231;&#227;o TAPSE/PSVD para quantificar o acoplamento VD-AP.</p>
    <p>A coorte do estudo com SOP e os controles foram bem pareados em idade basal e &#237;ndice de massa corporal (IMC) geral. O grupo com SOP era, em m&#233;dia, jovem (m&#233;dia de idade de 22 anos), com IMC m&#233;dio normal (24,9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) e aus&#234;ncia de outros fatores de risco cardiovascular, mas a resist&#234;ncia &#224; insulina era pior no grupo com SOP de acordo com sua fisiopatologia subjacente. Em geral, n&#227;o houve diferen&#231;as na disfun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica ou diast&#243;lica no lado esquerdo pela ecocardiografia. Entretanto, a rigidez da art&#233;ria pulmonar, a fun&#231;&#227;o do lado direito do cora&#231;&#227;o e o acoplamento VD-AP foram piores no grupo SOP. A rigidez da art&#233;ria pulmonar se correlacionou com a resist&#234;ncia &#224; insulina e apresentou tend&#234;ncia a ser mais elevada em pacientes que n&#227;o estavam em tratamento para a SOP.</p>
    <p>Embora a amostra do estudo seja pequena, os grupos foram bem pareados na demografia geral, al&#233;m da resist&#234;ncia &#224; insulina, permitindo a avalia&#231;&#227;o de defici&#234;ncias subcl&#237;nicas secund&#225;rias &#224; SOP. No entanto, as diferen&#231;as entre os grupos foram pequenas e a avalia&#231;&#227;o da progress&#227;o em longo prazo dessas mudan&#231;as no acoplamento VD-AP para determinar a signific&#226;ncia cl&#237;nica &#233; necess&#225;ria. Altera&#231;&#245;es nos horm&#244;nios sexuais tamb&#233;m foram identificadas em pacientes com HAP ou SOP, e como esses influenciam, s&#227;o desconhecidos no acoplamento VD-AP anormal nesta amostra.</p>
    <p>Essas quest&#245;es &#224; parte, este estudo fornece informa&#231;&#245;es importantes sobre o papel potencial da SOP na hipertens&#227;o pulmonar em mulheres. &#201; not&#225;vel que, apesar dos avan&#231;os modernos, uma grande propor&#231;&#227;o dos casos de HAP permanece idiop&#225;tica com um efeito desproporcional nas mulheres. Dada a mudan&#231;a dos dados demogr&#225;ficos da HAP para um fen&#243;tipo mais obeso nos tempos modernos,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref> o fato de que a s&#237;ndrome metab&#243;lica, a resist&#234;ncia &#224; insulina e a obesidade podem estar contribuindo para a hipertens&#227;o pulmonar &#233; uma quest&#227;o de grande import&#226;ncia para a sa&#250;de p&#250;blica. A adiposidade visceral, em particular, est&#225; mais fortemente ligada &#224; resist&#234;ncia &#224; insulina e pode ser acentuadamente diferente para o mesmo IMC e, preferencialmente, piora a hemodin&#226;mica central em mulheres.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref></p>
    <p>Estudos futuros s&#227;o necess&#225;rios para verificar se as diferen&#231;as na adiposidade visceral na SOP podem ser subjacentes a algumas dessas altera&#231;&#245;es observadas no cora&#231;&#227;o direito. A perda de peso em pacientes com sobrepeso, mesmo sem insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, pode melhorar as press&#245;es da art&#233;ria pulmonar e a hemodin&#226;mica central<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref> e, dado o papel central da obesidade em muitas pacientes com SOP, isso pode ter implica&#231;&#245;es terap&#234;uticas importantes para a sa&#250;de cardiovascular em longo prazo.</p>
    <p>Uma advert&#234;ncia importante para estudos ecocardiogr&#225;ficos como este, &#233; a subestima&#231;&#227;o sist&#234;mica da carga de doen&#231;a card&#237;aca esquerda e insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca precoce com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o preservada que &#233; cada vez mais reconhecida em indiv&#237;duos jovens com sobrepeso.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref> Os par&#226;metros de ecocardiografia tradicionais n&#227;o s&#227;o sens&#237;veis para remodela&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca esquerda precoce e insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o preservada.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref> e se as press&#245;es de enchimento do cora&#231;&#227;o esquerdo forem maiores do que o esperado, isso pode contribuir para uma rigidez anormal da art&#233;ria pulmonar. O grupo de SOP neste estudo tamb&#233;m foi um tanto at&#237;pico em rela&#231;&#227;o ao fato de que o IMC m&#233;dio era n&#227;o de obesidade. Portanto, o achado de que a fun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo n&#227;o estava prejudicada neste estudo pode n&#227;o ser generaliz&#225;vel para outras coortes de SOP onde a remodela&#231;&#227;o subcl&#237;nica do cora&#231;&#227;o esquerdo foi relatada anteriormente.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref> A obesidade est&#225; independentemente associada &#224; remodela&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca direita progressiva,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16"><sup>16</sup></xref> acoplamento VD-AP anormal e juntamente com press&#245;es de enchimento card&#237;acas esquerdas elevadas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref> Portanto, na SOP, a s&#237;ndrome metab&#243;lica, a obesidade (12) e principalmente a adiposidade visceral<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17"><sup>17</sup></xref> associadas podem ter um efeito remodelador cr&#244;nico no cora&#231;&#227;o e predispor &#224; insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o preservada e hipertens&#227;o pulmonar associada no futuro. Dado o grande n&#250;mero de jovens afetadas por SOP, o estudo de Abacioglu et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> configura-se uma chamada urgente para uma investiga&#231;&#227;o mais profunda sobre a rela&#231;&#227;o entre SOP e o risco futuro de hipertens&#227;o pulmonar.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Aumento da Rigidez Arterial Pulmonar e Comprometimento do Acoplamento Ventr&#237;culo Direito-Art&#233;ria Pulmonar na SOP</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Pulmonary Hypertension in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5322-0902</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Reddy</surname>
            <given-names>Yogesh N. V.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rochester</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="US">USA</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Divis&#227;o de Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares, Cl&#237;nica Mayo, Rochester - USA</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Yogesh N. V. Reddy</bold> &#8226; Mayo Clinic - 200 1st St SW Rochester <postal-code>55901</postal-code> &#8211; USA E-mail: <email>reddy.yogesh@mayo.edu</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Polycystic Ovary Syndrome</kwd>
        <kwd>Pulmonary Hypertension</kwd>
        <kwd>Obesity</kwd>
        <kwd>Insulin Resistance</kwd>
        <kwd>Echocardiography/methods</kwd>
        <kwd>Body Mass Index</kwd>
        <kwd>Ventricular Remodeling</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrinological syndrome that presents in women with obesity, insulin resistance and sex hormone abnormalities. It is intriguing that in otherwise &#8216;idiopathic&#8217; pulmonary hypertension, there also seems to be a high prevalence of the same features of obesity, insulin resistance, and sex hormone abnormalities.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref> However, despite this overlap and a theoretical risk of pulmonary hypertension in PCOS, little is known about the intersection of the two conditions. Given the young age of patients at the time of PCOS diagnosis, only subtle impairments in left heart function have been consistently described,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref> with overt cardiovascular disease often manifesting many decades later.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref> But, surprisingly, little is known about subclinical right heart remodeling or pulmonary hypertension in this condition.</p>
      <p>On this background, Abacioglu et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> provide novel information on cardiac structural remodeling in patients with PCOS, with careful attention to right heart structure and function. They included 44 patients with PCOS and 60 matched controls who underwent comprehensive echocardiography and insulin resistance assessment by the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). In addition to left heart measures of diastolic function, the authors also performed pulse wave Doppler of the right ventricular outflow tract to estimate pulmonary arterial stiffness, and used the well validated TAPSE/RVSP ratio to quantify RV-PA coupling.</p>
      <p>The study cohort of PCOS and controls were well-matched regarding baseline age and overall body mass index (BMI). The PCOS group was on average young (mean age 22) with a normal mean BMI (24.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) and showed absence of other cardiovascular risk factors, but insulin resistance was worse in the PCOS group, consistent with their underlying pathophysiology. Overall, there were no differences in left-sided systolic or diastolic dysfunction by echocardiography. However, pulmonary artery stiffness, right-sided function and RV-PA coupling was worse in the PCOS group. Pulmonary artery stiffness correlated with insulin resistance and tended to be higher in patients who were not undergoing treatment for PCOS.</p>
      <p>Although the study sample is small, the groups were well-matched in overall demographics apart from insulin resistance, allowing assessment of subclinical impairments secondary to PCOS. However, the differences between the groups were small and the evaluation of the long-term progression of these changes in RV-PA coupling to determine clinical significance is needed. Sex hormone alterations have also been identified in patients with either PAH or PCOS, and how these influence the abnormal RV-PA coupling in this sample is unknown.</p>
      <p>These issues aside, this study provides important information on the potential role of PCOS in pulmonary hypertension in women. It is remarkable that despite modern advances, a large proportion of PAH cases remain idiopathic with a disproportionate effect on women. Given the shifting demographics of PAH to a more obese phenotype in modern times,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref> the role that metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and obesity may have in pulmonary hypertension is a question of great public health importance. Visceral adiposity in particular is more strongly linked with insulin resistance and can be markedly different for the same BMI and preferentially worsens central hemodynamics in women.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref></p>
      <p>Whether differences in visceral adiposity in PCOS may underlie some of the observed right heart changes requires future studies. Weight loss in overweight patients, even in those without heart failure, may improve pulmonary artery pressures and central hemodynamics,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref> and given the central role of obesity in many patients with PCOS, this may have important therapeutic implications for long-term cardiovascular health.</p>
      <p>An important caveat to echocardiographic studies such as this, is the systemic underestimation of the burden of left heart disease and early heart failure with preserved ejection fraction that is increasingly recognized in young overweight individuals.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref> Traditional echocardiographic parameters are not sensitive for early left heart remodeling and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref> and if the left heart filling pressures are higher than expected, this can contribute to abnormal pulmonary artery stiffness. The PCOS group in this study was also somewhat atypical in the fact that the average BMI was that of non-obese individuals. Therefore, the finding that left ventricular diastolic function was not impaired in this study may not be generalizable to other PCOS cohorts where subclinical left heart remodeling has been previously reported.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref> Obesity is independently associated with progressive right heart remodeling,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16"><sup>16</sup></xref> abnormal RV-PA coupling, along with elevated left heart filling pressures.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref> Therefore in PCOS, the associated metabolic syndrome, obesity (12) and particularly visceral adiposity<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17"><sup>17</sup></xref> may have a chronic remodeling effect on the heart and predispose to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and associated pulmonary hypertension in the future. Given the large number of young individuals affected by PCOS, the study by Abacioglu et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> should be an urgent call for further investigation into the relationship between PCOS and the future risk of pulmonary hypertension.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Increased Pulmonary Arterial Stiffness and Impaired Right Ventricle-Pulmonary Artery Coupling In PCOS</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
