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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">fPHxKnf6VkRCHxMhCfRvZGp</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2021000500793</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20210109</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20210109</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>A Import&#226;ncia dos Programas de Exerc&#237;cios P&#243;s-Infarto</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4759-9594</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Teixeira</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; Ant&#244;nio Caldas</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal Fluminense</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Medicina Cl&#237;nica</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Niter&#243;i</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal Fluminense - Medicina Cl&#237;nica, Niter&#243;i, RJ - Brasil.</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Fit Labor Centro de Performance Humana</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Niter&#243;i</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Fit Labor Centro de Performance Humana, Niter&#243;i, RJ - Brasil.</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Jos&#233; Ant&#244;nio Caldas Teixeira</bold> &#8226; Universidade Federal Fluminense - Medicina Cl&#237;nica - Avenida Marqu&#234;s do Paran&#225;, 303. CEP <postal-code>24070-035</postal-code>, Niter&#243;i, RJ &#8211; Brasil. E-mail: <email>jacaldas_@hotmail.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>16</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>116</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>793</fpage>
      <lpage>794</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Infarto do Mioc&#225;rdio/mortalidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Exerc&#237;cio</kwd>
        <kwd>Reabilita&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aca</kwd>
        <kwd>Atividade F&#237;sica</kwd>
        <kwd>Ratos</kwd>
        <kwd>Disfun&#231;&#227;o Ventricular</kwd>
        <kwd>Ecocardiografia/m&#233;todos</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="13"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A atividade f&#237;sica e os exerc&#237;cios podem reduzir o risco de mortalidade cardiovascular na popula&#231;&#227;o em geral em 30%&#8211;50%, e a mortalidade por qualquer causa em 20%&#8211;50%.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> Em pacientes card&#237;acos, para cada incremento de 1 Met (3,5 mL O<sub>2</sub> kg<sup>&#8722;1</sup> min<sup>&#8722;1</sup>) na capacidade funcional (CF) obtida em um programa de reabilita&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca (PRC), temos uma redu&#231;&#227;o na mortalidade geral de at&#233; 13%.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref> A atividade f&#237;sica e os exerc&#237;cios reduzem a hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o global em 18% e melhoram a qualidade de vida (QV) nessa popula&#231;&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref> Ap&#243;s a angioplastia, o PRC resulta em uma redu&#231;&#227;o de 20% nos eventos card&#237;acos e no n&#250;mero de hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es em compara&#231;&#227;o com os indiv&#237;duos que permaneceram sedent&#225;rios.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref></p>
    <p>Nesse contexto, os PCRs t&#234;m se consolidado como uma estrat&#233;gia terap&#234;utica segura, que ameniza os efeitos do descondicionamento f&#237;sico progressivo decorrente das doen&#231;as cardiovasculares (DC). O exerc&#237;cio bem orientado &#233; a pedra angular no manejo da DC e seus principais fatores de risco.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> Os PRCs, principalmente na s&#237;ndrome coronariana p&#243;s-aguda (SCA) e em pacientes com disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular, trazem importantes benef&#237;cios de impacto cl&#237;nico, com n&#237;vel de evid&#234;ncia IA nessa popula&#231;&#227;o, referenciado por diversos consensos, metan&#225;lises e diretrizes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref></p>
    <p>A import&#226;ncia de se iniciar um PCR, com &#234;nfase no treino aer&#243;bio (TA), logo ap&#243;s a estabiliza&#231;&#227;o de um exame SCAg, &#233; revisada em diversos artigos e metan&#225;lises.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> O TA est&#225; associado a menor express&#227;o de receptores beta-adren&#233;rgicos, que predizem o progn&#243;stico em pacientes com maior &#225;rea de infarto. Melhora diversas vari&#225;veis relacionadas ao progn&#243;stico e CF, al&#233;m dos par&#226;metros ecocardiogr&#225;ficos (ECO) da remodela&#231;&#227;o ventricular e biomarcadores.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref></p>
    <p>A literatura menciona in&#250;meros efeitos ben&#233;ficos, n&#227;o apenas sist&#234;micos, mas principalmente efeitos cardioprotetores<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref> Pr&#233;coma et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref> e Fletcher et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref> listam esses efeitos, mas aqui iremos destacar um da hemodin&#226;mica: remodela&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca.</p>
    <p>O infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio (IAM) pode induzir altera&#231;&#245;es na geometria ventricular, levando a remodela&#231;&#227;o ventricular adversa.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref> Essa altera&#231;&#227;o na geometria ventricular &#233; o principal fator para o desenvolvimento futuro da disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular, apesar dos avan&#231;os na revasculariza&#231;&#227;o e nas terapias medicamentosas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref> A remodela&#231;&#227;o ventricular esquerda (VE) &#233; um preditor preciso de mortalidade card&#237;aca ap&#243;s IAM,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref> mas n&#227;o est&#225; claro como o exerc&#237;cio afeta esse processo. Haykowsky et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref> em sua metan&#225;lise, analisam esse efeito, mostrando resultados diferentes. Eles verificaram que, embora existam efeitos ben&#233;ficos na remodela&#231;&#227;o ventricular, eles se baseiam nas caracter&#237;sticas da popula&#231;&#227;o, na modalidade e na varia&#231;&#227;o na prescri&#231;&#227;o de exerc&#237;cios e interven&#231;&#245;es, n&#227;o sendo poss&#237;vel definir por que essas varia&#231;&#245;es ocorrem.</p>
    <p>Compreender essas incongru&#234;ncias e os efeitos do exerc&#237;cio na remodela&#231;&#227;o VE &#233; importante, pois esse conhecimento pode ser usado para aumentar os benef&#237;cios do exerc&#237;cio ap&#243;s o IAM.</p>
    <p>Um artigo de Souza et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref> analisa os efeitos tardios do TA no p&#243;s-infarto tardio em modelos animais. Isso representa mais uma tentativa de esclarecer essa quest&#227;o.</p>
    <p>Em estudo elegante e controlado, Souza et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref> induziram infarto do mioc&#225;rdio (IM) ligando a art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria descendente anterior esquerda. Tr&#234;s meses depois, os ratos sobreviventes foram submetidos a ECO transtor&#225;cico e teste de esfor&#231;o, sendo ent&#227;o divididos em tr&#234;s grupos: grupo controle com animais submetidos &#224; cirurgia Sham (Sham n=15); grupo IM sedent&#225;rios (IM-SED, n=22) e grupo IM exerc&#237;cio aer&#243;bio (IM-EA, n=21) por tr&#234;s meses. Os autores avaliaram a influ&#234;ncia do EA na CF, estruturas card&#237;acas, fun&#231;&#227;o VE e express&#227;o do gene da subunidade NADPH (nicotinamida adenina dinucleot&#237;deo fosfato) oxidase em ratos com IM de pequenas dimens&#245;es.</p>
    <p>Os autores usaram um protocolo de EA de intensidade moderada. Observaram que o exerc&#237;cio era seguro e que o grupo IM-EA alcan&#231;ou maior tempo de esteira e dist&#226;ncia percorrida do que os grupos IM-SED e submetido &#224; cirurgia Sham. Os resultados da cirurgia Sham inclu&#237;ram redu&#231;&#227;o da CF causada por um estilo de vida sedent&#225;rio. Apesar de melhorar o desempenho funcional, os efeitos do EA na remodela&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca n&#227;o foram substanciais em ratos com infarto do mioc&#225;rdio de pequenas dimens&#245;es. Mas o EA foi &#250;til para preservar a geometria do VE, pois a rela&#231;&#227;o entre a espessura da parede posterior diast&#243;lica do VE e o di&#226;metro diast&#243;lico do VE mostrou-se reduzida no grupo IM-SED e preservada no grupo IM-EA. A express&#227;o do gene da subunidade NADPH oxidase, importante fonte de gera&#231;&#227;o de esp&#233;cies reativas de oxig&#234;nio, n&#227;o esteve envolvida na remodela&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca observada em ratos com infarto de pequenas dimens&#245;es.</p>
    <p>Pela primeira vez, o estudo mostra que o EA tardio, iniciado tr&#234;s meses ap&#243;s o IM, quando a remodela&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca est&#225; est&#225;vel, atenua as altera&#231;&#245;es da geometria card&#237;aca em ratos com infarto de pequenas dimens&#245;es. Os autores refor&#231;am o conceito do poss&#237;vel benef&#237;cio da reabilita&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca ap&#243;s SCA, independentemente do grau da les&#227;o card&#237;aca.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Efeitos do Exerc&#237;cio Aer&#243;bico Tardio na Remodela&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aca de Ratos com Infarto do Mioc&#225;rdio Pequeno</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>The Importance of Post-Infarction Exercise Programs</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4759-9594</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Teixeira</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; Ant&#244;nio Caldas</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Niter&#243;i</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal Fluminense - Medicina Cl&#237;nica, Niter&#243;i, RJ - Brazil.</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Niter&#243;i</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Fit Labor Centro de Performance Humana, Niter&#243;i, RJ - Brazil.</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Jos&#233; Ant&#244;nio Caldas Teixeira</bold> &#8226; Universidade Federal Fluminense - Medicina Cl&#237;nica - Avenida Marqu&#234;s do Paran&#225;, 303. Postal Code <postal-code>24070-035</postal-code>, Niter&#243;i, RJ &#8211; Brazil. E-mail: <email>jacaldas_@hotmail.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Myocardial Infarction/mortality</kwd>
        <kwd>Exercise</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiac, Rehabilitation</kwd>
        <kwd>Physical Activity</kwd>
        <kwd>Rats</kwd>
        <kwd>Ventricular Dysfunction</kwd>
        <kwd>Echocardiography/methods</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Physical activity and exercising are said to reduce the risk of cardiovascular mortality in the general population by 30%&#8211;50%, and mortality from any cause by 20%&#8211;50%.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> In cardiac patients, for each 1 Met increment (3.5 mL O<sub>2</sub> kg<sup>&#8722;1</sup> min<sup>&#8722;1</sup>) in functional capacity (FC) obtained in a cardiac rehabilitation program (CRP), we have a reduction in overall mortality of up to 13%.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref> They reduce global hospitalization by 18%, and improve quality of life (QoL) in this population.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref> After an angioplasty, CRP results in a 20% reduction in cardiac events and in the number of hospitalizations compared to individuals who remained sedentary.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref></p>
      <p>In this context, CRPs have established themselves as a safe therapeutic strategy, which mitigates the effects of progressive physical deconditioning resulting from cardiovascular diseases (CD). Well-oriented exercise is the cornerstone in handling CD and its main risk factors.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> CRPs, especially in post-acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and patients with ventricular dysfunction, bring important benefits of clinical impact, with an evidence level IA in this population, referenced by numerous consensuses, meta analyses and guidelines.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref></p>
      <p>The importance of starting a CRP, with an emphasis on aerobic training (AT), right after the stabilization of an ACS (acute coronary syndrome), is reviewed in different articles and meta analyses.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> AT is associated with a lower expression of beta-adrenergic receptors, which predict prognosis in patients with a larger infarcted area. It improves several variables related to prognosis and FC, in addition to echocardiographic parameters (ECHO) of ventricular remodeling, and biomarkers.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref></p>
      <p>The literature mentions numerous beneficial effects, not only systemic, but mainly cardioprotective effects.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref> Pr&#233;coma et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref> and Fletcher et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref> list these effects, but here we will highlight one of the hemodynamics: cardiac remodeling.</p>
      <p>Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) can induce changes in ventricular geometry, leading to adverse ventricular remodeling.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref> This change in ventricular geometry is the main contributor to the future development of ventricular dysfunction, despite advances in revascularization and drug therapies.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref> Left ventricular (LV) remodeling is an accurate predictor of cardiac mortality after AMI,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref> but it is not clear how exercise affects this process. Haykowsky et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref> in their meta-analysis, analyze this effect, showing different results. They have found that, although the beneficial effects on ventricular remodeling exist, they are based on population characteristics, modality, and variation in the prescription of exercises and interventions, and it is not possible to define why these variations occur.</p>
      <p>Understanding these inconsistencies and the effects of exercise on LV remodeling is important, as this knowledge can be used to increase the benefits of exercise after AMI.</p>
      <p>An article by Souza et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref> analyzes the late effects of AT in late post-infarction in animal models. This represents yet another attempt to clarify this issue.</p>
      <p>In an elegant, controlled study, Souza et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref> induced myocardial infarction (MI) by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. Three months later, surviving rats were subjected to transthoracic ECHO and exercise testing, then were assigned to three groups: sham-operated animals were used as controls (Sham n=15); sedentary MI (MI-SED, n=22) and aerobic exercised MI (MI-AE, n=21) for three months. They evaluated the influence of AE on FC, cardiac structures, LV function, and NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase subunit gene expression in rats with small-sized MI.</p>
      <p>The authors used a moderate intensity AE protocol. They observed that exercise was safe, and the MI-AE group attained a higher treadmill time and distance run than the MI-SED and Sham-operated groups. The sham surgery results included reduced FC caused by a sedentary lifestyle. Despite improving functional performance, the effects of AE on cardiac remodeling were not substantial in small-sized myocardial infarction rats. But AE was helpful in preserving LV geometry, as the relationship between LV diastolic posterior wall thickness and LV diastolic diameter was reduced in the MI-SED group and preserved in the MI-AE group. The NADPH oxidase subunit gene expression, an important source of reactive oxygen species generation, was not involved in the cardiac remodeling observed in rats with small-sized infarction.</p>
      <p>For the first time, the study shows that late AE, initiated three months after MI, when cardiac remodeling is stable, attenuates cardiac geometry changes in rats with small-sized infarction. The authors reinforce the concept of the potential benefit from cardiac rehabilitation after ACS regardless of the degree of cardiac injury.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Effects of Late Aerobic Exercise on Cardiac Remodeling of Rats with Small-Sized Myocardial Infarction</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
