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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">gX4zfZyKncDZBxHtkGJGzwD</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2021000500774</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20200125</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20200125</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigo Original</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Fatores de Risco Cardiovascular em Cardiologistas Especialistas pela Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4785-9651</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Teixeira</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Em&#237;lia Figueiredo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5487-4649</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Vitorino</surname>
            <given-names>Priscila Valverde de O.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8523-760X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Amodeo</surname>
            <given-names>Celso</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1027-6954</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Martinez</surname>
            <given-names>T&#226;nia</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>5</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Brand&#227;o</surname>
            <given-names>Andr&#233;a Araujo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>6</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4361-936X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Barbosa</surname>
            <given-names>Eduardo Costa Duarte</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
            <sup>7</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9983-4720</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Feitosa</surname>
            <given-names>Audes Di&#243;genes Magalh&#227;es</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
            <sup>8</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2029-2568</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Jardim</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo Cesar B. Veiga</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">
            <sup>9</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Souza</surname>
            <given-names>Ana Luiza Lima</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1265-1930</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Barroso</surname>
            <given-names>Weimar Kunz Sebba</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Liga de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s - Liga de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brasil.</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s - Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de, Goi&#226;nia, GO - Brasil.</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>3</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Pontif&#237;cia Universidade Cat&#243;lica de Goi&#225;s</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Escola de Ci&#234;ncias Sociais e da Sa&#250;de</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">Goi&#225;s</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Pontif&#237;cia Universidade Cat&#243;lica de Goi&#225;s - Escola de Ci&#234;ncias Sociais e da Sa&#250;de, Goi&#226;nia, Goi&#225;s - Brasil.</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>4</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Escola paulista de Medicina</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Escola paulista de Medicina da Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo (Unifesp EPM), S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil.</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff5">
          <label>5</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o (HCor) &#8211; Lipids, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil.</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff6">
          <label>6</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) &#8211; Cardiologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil.</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff7">
          <label>7</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto de Cardiologia</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Laborat&#243;rio de Investiga&#231;&#227;o Cl&#237;nica</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto de Cardiologia - Laborat&#243;rio de Investiga&#231;&#227;o Cl&#237;nica (LIC), Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil.</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff8">
          <label>8</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Pernambuco</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Laborat&#243;rio de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Recife</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">PE</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Laborat&#243;rio de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami - Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - Cl&#237;nica M&#233;dica, Recife, PE - Brasil.</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff9">
          <label>9</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s &#8211; Cardiologia, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brasil.</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Weimar Kunz Sebba Barroso</bold> &#8226; Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s - Liga de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial &#8211; Av. Universit&#225;ria Hospital das Clinicas. CEP <postal-code>74605-220</postal-code>, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brasil. E-mail: <email>sebbabarroso@gmail.com</email></corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos Autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Amodeo C, Martinez T, Brand&#227;o AA, Barroso WKS; Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Teixeira MEF, Vitorino PVO, Barroso WKS; An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Teixeira MEF, Vitorino PVO, Amodeo C, Martinez T, Brand&#227;o AA, Barbosa ECD, Feitosa ADM, Barroso WKS; An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica: Teixeira MEF, Vitorino PVO, Souza ALL, Barroso WKS; Obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento: Amodeo C, Martinez T, Barroso WKS; Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Teixeira MEF, Vitorino PVO, Brand&#227;o AA, Barbosa ECD, Feitosa ADM, Jardim PCBV, Souza ALL, Barroso WKS; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual: Teixeira MEF, Vitorino PVO, Amodeo C, Martinez T, Brand&#227;o AA, Barbosa ECD, Feitosa ADM, Jardim PCBV, Souza ALL, Barroso WKS.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial Conflito de Interesses</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>16</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>116</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>774</fpage>
      <lpage>781</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>20</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>28</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>09</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento:</title>
          <p>Principal causa de morte em todo o mundo, as doen&#231;as cardiovasculares (DCV) e sua preval&#234;ncia nos m&#233;dicos cardiologistas s&#227;o pouco conhecidas.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivos:</title>
          <p>Descrever os h&#225;bitos de vida e os fatores de risco cardiovascular e verificar a preval&#234;ncia de diagn&#243;stico, conhecimento e controle dos fatores de risco cardiovasculares (FRCV) de m&#233;dicos cardiologistas associados e especialistas pela Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>Estudo multic&#234;ntrico nacional transversal que avaliou cardiologistas brasileiros por meio de question&#225;rio sobre h&#225;bitos de vida, doen&#231;as preexistentes, medica&#231;&#245;es em uso, medidas antropom&#233;tricas, press&#227;o arterial e dosagens de glicose e l&#237;pideos sangu&#237;neos.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>Foram avaliados 555 cardiologistas, 67,9% do sexo masculino, m&#233;dia de idade de 47,2&#177;11,7 anos. A maioria era n&#227;o tabagista (88,7%), fisicamente ativa (77,1%), consumia bebida alc&#243;olica (78,2%), com circunfer&#234;ncia abdominal normal (51,7%) e excesso de peso (56,1%). As preval&#234;ncias de hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica (HAS), diabetes mellitus (DM) e dislipidemia (DLP) foram de 32,4%, 5,9% e 49,7%, respectivamente e, destes, apenas 57,2%, 45,5% e 49,6% sabiam ter as doen&#231;as.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#245;es:</title>
          <p>Os cardiologistas brasileiros participantes do estudo apresentaram preval&#234;ncias significativas de HAS, DM e DLP, mas apenas a metade dos participantes sabia ser portador dessas condi&#231;&#245;es e, entre eles, as taxas de controle eram baixas para HAS e DLP, apesar de os cardiologistas serem profissionais detentores de conhecimento diferenciado sobre esses FRCV. Os achados representam um alerta para a abordagem dos FRCV em cardiologistas brasileiros e estimulam a realiza&#231;&#227;o de estudos futuros.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiologistas</kwd>
        <kwd>Fatores de Risco</kwd>
        <kwd>Antropometria</kwd>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Dislipidemias</kwd>
        <kwd>Diabetes Mellitus</kwd>
        <kwd>Estilo de Vida</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="2"/>
        <table-count count="6"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="46"/>
        <page-count count="8"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>Dentre os fatores de risco cardiovascular (FRCV), aqueles com maior impacto no aumento das taxas de morbidade e mortalidade s&#227;o hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica (HAS), diabetes mellitus (DM) dislipidemia (DLP) e tabagismo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> Al&#233;m disso, os h&#225;bitos de vida desfavor&#225;veis levam ao excesso de peso e, juntos, interferem de maneira significativa na preval&#234;ncia desses fatores,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref> com consequente aumento da incid&#234;ncia de desfechos cardiovasculares, tais como morte s&#250;bita, acidente vascular encef&#225;lico (AVE), infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio (IAM), insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, doen&#231;a arterial perif&#233;rica e doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref></p>
      <p>Os profissionais de sa&#250;de, incluindo a classe m&#233;dica,, especialmente o cardiologista, assumem papel fundamentalcomo respons&#225;veis por diagnosticar e tratar doen&#231;as cardiovasculares.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> Al&#233;m disso, o cardiologista brasileiro &#233; visto, com frequ&#234;ncia, como o respons&#225;vel pelos cuidados com a sa&#250;de global do paciente adulto.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref> Portanto, &#233; de se esperar que, al&#233;m de cuidar, os cardiologistas tamb&#233;m sirvam de modelo a ser seguido e, principalmente, que assumam uma postura pessoal de h&#225;bitos de vida saud&#225;veis.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref></p>
      <p>Poucos s&#227;o os estudos que avaliaram o risco cardiovascular e os h&#225;bitos de vida de cardiologistas brasileiros;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref> portanto, foram objetivos deste estudo: (1) verificar h&#225;bitos de vida e FRCV e (2) identificar as preval&#234;ncias de diagn&#243;stico, conhecimento e controle de HAS, DM e DLP em m&#233;dicos cardiologistas associados e especialistas pela Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia (SBC).</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>M&#233;todos</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Tipo de estudo, popula&#231;&#227;o, amostra e crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Estudo multic&#234;ntrico nacional transversal descritivo.</title>
          <p>Em 2017, o Brasil possu&#237;a 451.777 m&#233;dicos, com aproximadamente 25.000 (5,5%) cardiologistas;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref> destes, 11.495 tinham o t&#237;tulo de especialista em Cardiologia (TEC).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref> A popula&#231;&#227;o de refer&#234;ncia foi constitu&#237;da por 14.201 m&#233;dicos cardiologistas s&#243;cios da SBC em 2017, distribu&#237;dos em todo o territ&#243;rio nacional, com sociedades estaduais em 24 unidades federativas. Optou-se por realizar a pesquisa com cardiologistas portadores do TEC/SBC para uniformiza&#231;&#227;o da amostra em rela&#231;&#227;o ao n&#237;vel de conhecimento cient&#237;fico.</p>
          <p>A amostra foi de conveni&#234;ncia, tendo sido inclu&#237;dos no estudo 555 m&#233;dicos com o TEC/SBC e membros ativos da SBC, o que representa 4,8% da popula&#231;&#227;o de refer&#234;ncia.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Locais de realiza&#231;&#227;o e coordena&#231;&#227;o do estudo</title>
        <p>Todos os 24 representantes regionais da SBC/Diretoria de Preven&#231;&#227;o em Sa&#250;de Cardiovascular (FUNCOR) foram convidados a integrar o grupo de pesquisadores deste projeto. Desses, 15 aceitaram o convite e, juntamente com outros tr&#234;s centros convidados [Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia (IDPC), Liga de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial da Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s (LHA/UFG) e Unidade de Hipertens&#227;o da Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro], totalizaram 18 centros de pesquisa que efetivamente integraram o grupo de investigadores e coinvestigadores que coletaram dados no per&#237;odo de maio at&#233; outubro de 2017.</p>
        <p>A coleta de dados foi feita nas nos seguintes estados: Bahia, Distrito Federal, Goi&#225;s, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Par&#225;, Para&#237;ba, Paran&#225;, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rond&#244;nia, S&#227;o Paulo e Tocantins.</p>
        <p>Todo o trabalho foi coordenado pela Diretoria da SBC/FUNCOR, juntamente com as institui&#231;&#245;es universit&#225;rias IDPC e LHA/UFG.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Procedimentos do estudo</title>
        <p>Foram realizadas reuni&#245;es presenciais com todos os investigadores em maio e junho de 2017 para discuss&#227;o sobre o desenho do estudo e a coleta de dados. Cada investigador, ap&#243;s treinamento, capacitou sua equipe local para o seguimento rigoroso dos procedimentos do estudo. A coleta foi feita pelo pr&#243;prio pesquisador m&#233;dico respons&#225;vel, ou por outros cardiologistas ou estudantes de medicina devidamente treinados.</p>
        <p>Os participantes do estudo receberam explica&#231;&#245;es acerca do objetivo do estudo, forma de coleta dos dados avaliados e sobre o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido (TCLE), que foi lido e assinado por todos antes do in&#237;cio de qualquer procedimento do estudo.</p>
        <p>A entrevista foi realizada individualmente em ambiente privativo e em hor&#225;rio e local previamente acordados com os participantes. O formul&#225;rio de entrevista continha perguntas referentes a dados pessoais, h&#225;bitos de vida e antecedentes pessoais de doen&#231;as. Tamb&#233;m foram realizadas medidas antropom&#233;tricas e de press&#227;o arterial (PA) e exames de glicemia e perfil lip&#237;dico.</p>
        <p>A idade foi calculada a partir da data de nascimento. O sexo foi categorizado em masculino e feminino. Os h&#225;bitos de vida avaliados foram tabagismo (sim/n&#227;o); consumo de bebidas alc&#243;olicas (n&#227;o/sim, para qualquer quantidade de consumo) e pr&#225;tica de atividade f&#237;sica (sim/n&#227;o e tempo semanal, sendo considerado ativo o praticante de pelo menos 150 minutos semanais).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref></p>
        <p>As vari&#225;veis antropom&#233;tricas coletadas foram altura, peso e circunfer&#234;ncia da cintura. A altura foi referida pelo participante;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref> o peso foi aferido com utiliza&#231;&#227;o de balan&#231;a digital OMRON HN-290T, ap&#243;s retirada de acess&#243;rios e cal&#231;ados e com uso de roupas leves.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref></p>
        <p>O IMC foi calculado por meio da f&#243;rmula peso/altura<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref> e classificado em: baixo peso (&lt; 18,5 kg/m<sup>2</sup>), eutr&#243;fico (18,5-24,9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>); sobrepreso (25-29,9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>); obesidade 1 (30-34,9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>), obesidade 2 (35 -39,9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) e obesidade 3 (&#8805; 40 kg/m<sup>2</sup>).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16"><sup>16</sup></xref></p>
        <p>A circunfer&#234;ncia da cintura foi medida com fita inextens&#237;vel<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref> e considerada alterada se maior que 88 cm para mulheres e maior que 102 cm para homens.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17"><sup>17</sup></xref></p>
        <p>A aferi&#231;&#227;o da PA foi realizada com esfigmoman&#244;metro autom&#225;tico da marca OMRON, modelo HBP 1100.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18"><sup>18</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20"><sup>20</sup></xref> de acordo com a recomenda&#231;&#227;o da 7&#170; Diretriz Brasileira de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21"><sup>21</sup></xref> Foram obtidas tr&#234;s aferi&#231;&#245;es da PA, exclu&#237;da a primeira medida e calculada a m&#233;dia das duas seguintes. Os participantes foram classificados a partir do valor da m&#233;dia press&#243;rica em normotensos (PA &#8804; 120/80 mmHg), pr&#233;-hipertensos (121-139/81-89 mmHg), ou hipertensos est&#225;gio 1 (140-159/90-99 mmHg), 2 (160-179/100-109 mmHg) ou 3 (PA &#8805; 180/110 mmHg).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21"><sup>21</sup></xref></p>
        <p>A glicemia e os lip&#237;deos s&#233;ricos foram obtidos com os aparelhos On Call Plus e Mission Cholesterol, respectivamente. Todos os valores dos exames foram obtidos diretamente dos aparelhos em mg/dL, exceto o LDL, que foi calculado pela f&#243;rmula de Friedewald.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22"><sup>22</sup></xref></p>
        <p>Foram realizadas dosagens sem o jejum e, portanto, considerados os valores de glicemia alterados &#8805; 160 mg/dL<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23"><sup>23</sup></xref> e portadores de DLP aqueles com LDL &#8805; 130 mg/dL e/ou triglic&#233;rides &#8805; 175 mg/dL.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24"><sup>24</sup></xref></p>
        <p>Para o diagn&#243;stico de HAS, DM e DLP, foi considerado pelo menos um dos seguintes crit&#233;rios: relato de ser portador, feito pelo pr&#243;prio participante e/ou uso de anti-hipertensivos e/ou PA &#8805; 140x90 mmHg na m&#233;dia das medidas casuais; uso de hipoglicemiantes orais e/ou de insulina e/ou glicemia capilar ocasional &#8805; 200 mg/dL; uso de estatinas, fibratos, ezetimiba e/ou triglic&#233;rides &#8805; 175 mg/dL e/ou LDL &#8805; 130 mg/dL.</p>
        <p>Foi considerado conhecimento da doen&#231;a o relato do pr&#243;prio m&#233;dico sobre ser portador. Os dados referentes &#224;s frequ&#234;ncias de HAS, DM e DLP foram analisados em rela&#231;&#227;o aos obtidos na Pesquisa Nacional de Sa&#250;de (PNS)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25"><sup>25</sup></xref> e no sistema de vigil&#226;ncia de fatores de risco para doen&#231;as cr&#244;nicas n&#227;o transmiss&#237;veis por inqu&#233;rito telef&#244;nico (VIGITEL);<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26"><sup>26</sup></xref> para essa an&#225;lise, foi considerado somente o autorrelato do participante (dados referidos).</p>
        <p>Foram consideradas controladas a HAS com press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica &lt; 140 mmHg e press&#227;o arterial diast&#243;lica &lt; 90 mmHg, DM com glicemia &lt; 200 mg/dL e DLP com LDL &lt; 130 e triglic&#233;rides &lt; 175 mg/dL.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21"><sup>21</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23"><sup>23</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24"><sup>24</sup></xref></p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
        <p>Os dados foram digitados no programa Excel para Mac vers&#227;o 16.30 e analisados em <italic>software</italic> de an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica Stata, vers&#227;o 14. Foi realizada estat&#237;stica descritiva com apresenta&#231;&#227;o de m&#233;dias, desvio padr&#227;o e frequ&#234;ncias absoluta e relativa.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Aspectos &#233;ticos</title>
        <p>O projeto, desenvolvido pela FUNCOR da SBC, gest&#227;o 2016/2017, foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica em Pesquisa (CEP) do IDPC, sob o n&#250;mero 2.016.859. Todos os participantes assinaram o TCLE antes de qualquer procedimento do estudo, que seguiu a Resolu&#231;&#227;o 466/2012.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Resultados</title>
      <p>Foram avaliados 555 cardiologistas com idade m&#233;dia de 47,2&#177;11,7 anos, sendo 159 (28,6%) da Regi&#227;o Centro-Oeste, 147 (26,5%) da Regi&#227;o Nordeste, 103 (18,6%) da Regi&#227;o Norte, 103 (18,6%) da Regi&#227;o Sudeste e 43 (7,7%) da Regi&#227;o Sul.</p>
      <p>A maioria dos participantes da pesquisa era do sexo masculino, ativo, com tempo m&#233;dio de atividade f&#237;sica de 200,0&#177;106,8 minutos por semana, n&#227;o fumante, e fazia uso de bebida alc&#243;olica (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref>).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t1">
        <label>Tabela 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Descri&#231;&#227;o da amostra segundo o sexo, estilo de vida e condi&#231;&#245;es gerais de sa&#250;de, n=555, 2017</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
          <colgroup width="50%">
            <col/>
            <col/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr>
              <th align="left" valign="middle">Vari&#225;vel</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">n (%)</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">
                <bold>Sexo</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Feminino</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">178 (32,1)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Masculino</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">377 (67,9)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">
                <bold>Faixa &#233;t&#225;ria</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">&lt; 40 anos</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">183 (33,2)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">&#8805; 40 anos</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">368 (66,8)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">
                <bold>Tabagismo</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Sim</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">03 (0,5)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">N&#227;o</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">492 (88,7)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Ex-tabagista</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">60 (10,8)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">
                <bold>Sedentarismo</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Sim</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">127 (22,9)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">N&#227;o</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">428 (77,1)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">
                <bold>Consumo de bebidas alco&#243;licas</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Sim</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">434 (78,2)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">N&#227;o</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">121 (21,8)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">
                <bold>Circunfer&#234;ncia abdominal</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Normal</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">285 (51,7)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Elevada</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">266 (48,3)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">
                <bold>Classifica&#231;&#227;o segundo o &#237;ndice de massa corporal</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Sem excesso de peso</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">243 (43,9)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Sobrepeso</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">232 (41,9)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Obesidade</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">79 (14,2)</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>De acordo com as medidas obtidas durante a entrevista, a maioria dos m&#233;dicos apresentou n&#237;veis press&#243;ricos na categoria de pr&#233;-hipertens&#227;o e valores de glicemia, LDL e triglic&#233;rides dentro da normalidade (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Tabela 2</xref>).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t2">
        <label>Tabela 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Classifica&#231;&#227;o dos cardiologistas de acordo com a medida da press&#227;o arterial, glicemia casual e lip&#237;deos s&#233;ricos, 2017</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
          <colgroup width="50%">
            <col/>
            <col/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr>
              <th align="left" valign="middle">Classifica&#231;&#227;o</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">n (%)</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">
                <bold>Press&#227;o arterial (n=555)</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Normotensos</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">204 (36,8)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Pr&#233;-hipertensos</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">264 (47,6)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Hipertens&#227;o I</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">75 (13,5)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Hipertens&#227;o II</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">08 (1,4)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Hipertens&#227;o III</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">04 (0,7)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">
                <bold>Glicemia casual (n=555)</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">N&#227;o alterada</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">548 (98,7)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Alterada</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">07 (1,3)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">
                <bold>LDL (n=538)</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">N&#227;o alterado</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">411 (76,4)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Elevado</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">127 (23,6)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">
                <bold>Triglic&#233;rides (n=547)</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">N&#227;o alterado</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">463 (84,6)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Elevado</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">84 (15,4)</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>A preval&#234;ncia de HAS foi de 32,4% (n=180); destes, 57,2% (n=103) conheciam essa condi&#231;&#227;o, e 48,3% (n=87) estavam com a press&#227;o controlada. A preval&#234;ncia de DM foi de 5,9% (n=33); destes, 45,5% (n=15) sabiam que tinham a doen&#231;a, e 78,8% (n=26) estavam com a glicemia dentro dos valores de normalidade. A dislipidemia apresentou valores de preval&#234;ncia, conhecimento e controle de 49,7% (n=276), 49,6% (n=137) e 31,1% (n=86), respectivamente (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1</xref>).</p>
      <fig id="f1">
        <label>Figura 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Preval&#234;ncia de diagn&#243;stico, conhecimento e controle de HAS, DM e DLP em cardiologistas, n=555, 2017. DLP: dislipidemia; DM: diabetes mellitus; HAS: hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-04-0774-00125-gf01.tif"/></fig>
      <p>Em rela&#231;&#227;o aos desfechos cardiovasculares, 4 (0,72%) cardiologistas referiram j&#225; ter apresentado IAM, e 1 (0,18%) referiu AVE. Todos os quatro portadores de doen&#231;a arterial coron&#225;ria diagnosticada estavam em uso de algum anti-agregante plaquet&#225;rio.</p>
      <p>A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Tabela 3</xref> apresenta as frequ&#234;ncias dos FRCV e desfechos cardiovasculares do PNS,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25"><sup>25</sup></xref> do VIGITEL<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26"><sup>26</sup></xref> e os achados do presente estudo, considerando somente as doen&#231;as que foram autorreferidas.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t3">
        <label>Tabela 3</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Preval&#234;ncia de fatores de risco e desfechos cardiovasculares na popula&#231;&#227;o geral e entre os cardiologistas. n = 555, 2017</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
          <colgroup width="20%">
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr>
              <th align="left" valign="middle"/>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">PNS</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">Vigitel</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">Cardiologistas (referido)</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">Cardiologistas (aferido)</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Sedentarismo</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">46</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">61,9</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">22,9</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">-</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Etilismo</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">24</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">17,9</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">78,2</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">-</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Tabagismo</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">15</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">9,3</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,5</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">-</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Hipertens&#227;o arterial</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">21,4</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">24,7</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">18,6</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">32,4</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Diabetes mellitus</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">6,2</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">7,7</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">2,7</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">5,9</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Dislipidemia</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">12,5</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">-</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">24,7</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">49,7</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">4,2</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">-</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,7</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">-</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Acidente vascular encef&#225;lico</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">1,5</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">-</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,2</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">-</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <attrib>Fonte: PNS,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25"><sup>25</sup></xref> Vigitel 2018<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26"><sup>26</sup></xref>. PNS<sup>:</sup> Pesquisa Nacional de Sa&#250;de.</attrib>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <p>Este &#233; o primeiro estudo no Brasil a avaliar cardiologistas com TEC das cinco regi&#245;es geogr&#225;ficas para a presen&#231;a de FRCV e h&#225;bitos de vida. Os cardiologistas apresentaram preval&#234;ncias mais baixas de sedentarismo e tabagismo e mais altas de etilismo em rela&#231;&#227;o a estudos que avaliaram a popula&#231;&#227;o em geral, como o PNS<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25"><sup>25</sup></xref> e o VIGITEL,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26"><sup>26</sup></xref> e tamb&#233;m preval&#234;ncia maior de DLP, ligeiramente menor de HAS, e mais baixa de DM. Entretanto, as taxas de conhecimento de HAS, DM e DLP e as taxas de controle da HAS e DLP observadas foram baixas, considerando-se que a popula&#231;&#227;o estudada &#233; de cardiologistas, conhecedores da import&#226;ncia do controle dos FRCV.</p>
      <p>Na popula&#231;&#227;o brasileira, a preval&#234;ncia de HAS varia de 30% a 36%;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27"><sup>27</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28"><sup>28</sup></xref> a de DM &#233; 11,4%;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29"><sup>29</sup></xref> e a DLP se divide em hipercolesterolemia, com preval&#234;ncia de aproximadamente 45,5%,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30"><sup>30</sup></xref> e hipertrigliceridemia, com preval&#234;ncia na Am&#233;rica Latina de 26,5% a 31,2%.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31"><sup>31</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32"><sup>32</sup></xref> Al&#233;m disso, a preval&#234;ncia de excesso de peso (sobrepeso/obesidade) no Brasil &#233; de 57% em homens e 43% em mulheres.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33"><sup>33</sup></xref> No grupo aqui estudado, considerando os dados referidos e aferidos, houve diagn&#243;stico de 32,4% de HAS, 4,9% de DM, 51,7% de DLP (hipercolesterolemia e/ou hipertrigliceridemia), e 56% de excesso de peso (67,1% entre os homens e 32,2% entre as mulheres).</p>
      <p>A falta de conhecimento de ser portador desses FRCV &#233; sabidamente alta na popula&#231;&#227;o em geral, mas chama a aten&#231;&#227;o que tamb&#233;m seja elevada entre os cardiologistas, levando-nos a considerar que haja uma neglig&#234;ncia desses profissionais em rela&#231;&#227;o aos cuidados com a pr&#243;pria sa&#250;de. Essa demora no conhecimento, diagn&#243;stico precoce e tratamento adequado pode aumentar o risco de desfechos relacionados.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34"><sup>34</sup></xref></p>
      <p>Sabe-se que a educa&#231;&#227;o em sa&#250;de para popula&#231;&#227;o leiga &#233; capaz de gerar melhora dos h&#225;bitos de vida, impactando em redu&#231;&#227;o das doen&#231;as cardiovasculares.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35"><sup>35</sup></xref> Por esse motivo, surgiu o questionamento sobre a qualidade do autocuidado dos m&#233;dicos cardiologistas, como portadores desse conhecimento espec&#237;fico. Estudantes de medicina avaliados para FRCV apresentaram preval&#234;ncia semelhante &#224; popula&#231;&#227;o geral de mesma faixa et&#225;ria, exceto por maior sedentarismo e IMC, suscitando assim o debate sobre a carga hor&#225;ria elevada do curso, a qual pode influenciar na pequena disponibilidade de tempo para a pr&#225;tica de h&#225;bitos de vida saud&#225;veis, em compara&#231;&#227;o com outros adultos jovens.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36"><sup>36</sup></xref> Em outro grupo de estudantes de medicina, foram vistos n&#237;veis mais baixos de obesidade em compara&#231;&#227;o com a popula&#231;&#227;o da mesma idade, e n&#237;veis melhores de lip&#237;deos s&#233;ricos, mas um elevado consumo de <italic>fast food</italic> e bebidas alco&#243;licas, assim como maior sedentarismo, o que tamb&#233;m pode ter como explica&#231;&#227;o a pequena disponibilidade de tempo e o elevado n&#237;vel de estresse relacionado ao curso.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B37"><sup>37</sup></xref></p>
      <p>Sabe-se tamb&#233;m que, muitas vezes, a rotina de trabalho pode afetar negativamente a ado&#231;&#227;o de pr&#225;ticas de sa&#250;de e bem-estar, mesmo que o profissional seja detentor do conhecimento acerca do assunto, como s&#227;o os profissionais da &#225;rea de sa&#250;de.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B38"><sup>38</sup></xref> O trabalho nessa &#225;rea exige a presen&#231;a de equipes noturnas e, com frequ&#234;ncia, esses profissionais trabalham em mais de um emprego. Dessa forma, dificilmente conseguem praticar exerc&#237;cios f&#237;sicos regularmente ou priorizar alimentos equilibrados do ponto de vista nutricional.</p>
      <p>Por outro lado, a mesma discuss&#227;o pode ser levantada sem a necessidade de enfatizar o trabalho noturno como malef&#237;cio mais importante, mas considerando-se apenas a carga hor&#225;ria excessiva desses profissionais, independente do hor&#225;rio. Dois grupos diferentes avaliaram seus profissionais quanto &#224; preval&#234;ncia dos FRCV, incluindo toda a equipe multiprofissional na avalia&#231;&#227;o. Em um hospital geral, foi encontrada preval&#234;ncia elevada de FRCV em todas as classes profissionais avaliadas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B39"><sup>39</sup></xref> Resultados semelhantes foram encontrados em outro grupo, com uma situa&#231;&#227;o ainda mais preocupante, que &#233; a falta de conhecimento dessas pessoas acerca do seu quadro de sa&#250;de j&#225; alterado.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B40"><sup>40</sup></xref></p>
      <p>Nos subgrupos de m&#233;dicos cardiologistas <italic>versus</italic> n&#227;o cardiologistas, n&#227;o foram observadas diferen&#231;as significativas em rela&#231;&#227;o aos n&#237;veis s&#233;ricos de colesterol e fra&#231;&#245;es, assim como em rela&#231;&#227;o ao escore de risco de Framingham, mas os cardiologistas ingeriam mais bebidas alco&#243;licas, e ambos grupos estavam com IMC acima do ideal, em m&#233;dia.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B41"><sup>41</sup></xref></p>
      <p>Em an&#225;lise comparativa com os inqu&#233;ritos populacionais PNS<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25"><sup>25</sup></xref> e VIGITEL,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26"><sup>26</sup></xref> os cardiologistas avaliados no presente estudo referem menos tabagismo e sedentarismo, mas ingerem mais bebida alco&#243;lica. Al&#233;m disso, considerando apenas os FRCV referidos, relataram menos HAS e DM, por&#233;m mais DLP. Esses dados preocupam, n&#227;o apenas pela falta de conhecimento, mas tamb&#233;m porque colocam a quest&#227;o da credibilidade de inqu&#233;ritos que utilizam apenas dados referidos.</p>
      <p>Sabe-se que HAS, DM e DLP<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B42"><sup>42</sup></xref> resultam de fatores como gen&#233;tica e envelhecimento (n&#227;o modific&#225;veis), mas tamb&#233;m t&#234;m rela&#231;&#227;o com h&#225;bitos de vida e, nesse contexto, &#233; de se esperar que indiv&#237;duos com melhor conhecimento em rela&#231;&#227;o aos riscos cardiovasculares tenham h&#225;bitos mais saud&#225;veis,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B43"><sup>43</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B45"><sup>45</sup></xref> Amplamente conhecedores do assunto, esperava-se que os m&#233;dicos cardiologistas praticassem bons h&#225;bitos em sua totalidade, de modo a prevenir tais doen&#231;as, fato contradito em nossa amostra em rela&#231;&#227;o ao consumo de bebidas alco&#243;licas, mas confirmado em rela&#231;&#227;o ao tabagismo e &#224; atividade f&#237;sica. Da mesma forma, encontramos preval&#234;ncias semelhantes ou mesmo mais elevadas dos principais FRCV quando comparados &#224; popula&#231;&#227;o, exceto em rela&#231;&#227;o a DM.</p>
      <p>Por fim, o percentual relatado de IAM (0,72%) e de AVE (0,18%) na amostra &#233; bem menor que o da popula&#231;&#227;o em geral, o que pode estar relacionado ao uso regular e frequente de medicamentos, por conhecimento do tratamento adequado e facilidade do acesso a eles. Al&#233;m disso, a idade m&#233;dia do grupo &#233; baixa (47,2 anos) e pode justificar, em parte, a preval&#234;ncia baixa dos desfechos IAM e AVE.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B46"><sup>46</sup></xref></p>
      <p>O presente estudo apresenta como limita&#231;&#245;es: a aus&#234;ncia do HDL na avalia&#231;&#227;o de DLP, devido a uma limita&#231;&#227;o de an&#225;lise do aparelho; n&#227;o aplica&#231;&#227;o de instrumentos para avalia&#231;&#227;o de atividade f&#237;sica e do consumo de &#225;lcool, fato que pode ter superestimado essas taxas; e n&#227;o foram obtidos exames de bioqu&#237;mica em jejum. Vale ressaltar, contudo, que foram utilizados aparelhos iguais para aferi&#231;&#245;es tanto de antropometria quanto da PA e da bioqu&#237;mica sangu&#237;nea, com treinamento pr&#233;vio dos coinvestigadores e coordena&#231;&#227;o geral dos centros de refer&#234;ncia, demonstrando padroniza&#231;&#227;o adequada de procedimento.</p>
      <p>Destacamos ainda que a amostra n&#227;o foi representativa dos cardiologistas da SBC, pois se trata de uma amostra de conveni&#234;ncia, fato que pode relativizar os resultados e as discuss&#245;es apresentadas. Entretanto, foram avaliados cardiologistas em todo o territ&#243;rio nacional e, portanto, esse estudo representa um alerta para a abordagem das condi&#231;&#245;es identificadas e para a realiza&#231;&#227;o de estudos futuros em cardiologistas brasileiros.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
      <p>A maioria dos cardiologistas era do sexo masculino, ativo, n&#227;o fumante; fazia uso de bebida alc&#243;olica; e apresentava preval&#234;ncias significativas de HAS, DM e DLP, pr&#243;ximas &#224;s de outros levantamentos em popula&#231;&#245;es brasileiras. Entretanto, embora tenham conhecimento sobre esses FRCV, aproximadamente a metade sabia ser portador dessas condi&#231;&#245;es e estava com a press&#227;o controlada; al&#233;m disso, um ter&#231;o estava com os lip&#237;deos dentro dos valores de normalidade, mas a maioria estava com a glicemia controlada. Os achados representam alerta para adequada abordagem dos FRCV em cardiologistas brasileiros e apontam para a necessidade de estudos futuros.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Coinvestigadores</title>
      <p>Alberto de Almeida Las Casas J&#250;nior (Goi&#225;s), Alexandre Jorge de Andrade Negri (Para&#237;ba), Andr&#233;s Gustavo S&#225;nchez Esteva (Tocantins), Ant&#244;nio Carlos Avanza Junior (Esp&#237;rito Santo), Christiano Henrique Souza Pereira (Mato Grosso do Sul), Claudine Maria Alves Feio (Par&#225;), Daniela Martins Lessa Barreto (Alagoas), Diana Patr&#237;cia Lamprea Sep&#250;lveda (Pernambuco), &#201;rika Maria Gon&#231;alves Campana (Rio de Janeiro), Evandro Guimar&#227;es de Souza (Minas Gerais), Ezilaine Nascimento Rosa (Mato Grosso), F&#225;tima Elizabeth Fonseca de Oliveira Negri (Para&#237;ba), Harry Corr&#234;a Filho (Santa Catarina), Jo&#227;o Paulo Fernandes Caixeta (Goi&#225;s), Jo&#227;o Roberto Gemelli (Rond&#244;nia), Joilma Silva Prazeres Tobias (Maranh&#227;o), Jos&#233; Fernando Vilela Martin (S&#227;o Paulo), Juan Carlos Yugar Toledo (S&#227;o Paulo), Lara Ara&#250;jo Dias (Goi&#225;s), Maur&#237;cio Pimentel (Rio Grande do Sul), Nivaldo Menezes Filgueiras Filho (Bahia), Sandra Andrade Mendon&#231;a Hilgemberg (Rio Grande do Norte), S&#237;lvio Henrique Barberato (Paran&#225;), Simone Nascimento dos Santos (Distrito Federal), Thaynara de Moraes Pacheco (Goi&#225;s).</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by" id="fn1">
        <p>
          <bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold>
        </p>
        <p>O presente estudo foi parcialmente financiado pela Ind&#250;stria Farmac&#234;utica EMS e de equipamentos Medlevesson e Omron.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
        <p>
          <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o Acad&#234;mica</bold>
        </p>
        <p>Este artigo &#233; parte de disserta&#231;&#227;o de Mestrado de Maria Emilia Figueiredo Teixeira pela P&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de - UFG.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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          <source>Eur Heart J</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <month>01</month>
          <day>07</day>
          <volume>41</volume>
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          <lpage>323</lpage>
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        <mixed-citation>45. Cosentino F, Grant PJ, Aboyans V, Bailey CJ, Ceriello A, Delgado V, et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD. Eur Heart J. 2020 Jan 7;41(2):255-323.</mixed-citation>
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            <name>
              <surname>Hoffmann</surname>
              <given-names>JF</given-names>
            </name>
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              <surname>F&#225;tima Sander Diniz</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
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              <surname>Lotufo</surname>
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            </name>
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              <surname>Griep</surname>
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          <article-title>High prevalence of diabetes and intermediate hyperglycemia - The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)</article-title>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Cardiology Specialists from the Brazilian Society of Cardiology</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4785-9651</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Teixeira</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Em&#237;lia Figueiredo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5487-4649</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Vitorino</surname>
            <given-names>Priscila Valverde de O.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8523-760X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Amodeo</surname>
            <given-names>Celso</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1027-6954</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Martinez</surname>
            <given-names>T&#226;nia</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14">
            <sup>5</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Brand&#227;o</surname>
            <given-names>Andr&#233;a Araujo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15">
            <sup>6</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4361-936X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Barbosa</surname>
            <given-names>Eduardo Costa Duarte</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16">
            <sup>7</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9983-4720</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Feitosa</surname>
            <given-names>Audes Di&#243;genes Magalh&#227;es</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff17">
            <sup>8</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2029-2568</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Jardim</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo Cesar B. Veiga</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff18">
            <sup>9</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Souza</surname>
            <given-names>Ana Luiza Lima</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1265-1930</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Barroso</surname>
            <given-names>Weimar Kunz Sebba</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff10">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s - Liga de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brazil.</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff11">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s - Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de, Goi&#226;nia, GO - Brazil.</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff12">
          <label>3</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">Goi&#225;s</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Pontif&#237;cia Universidade Cat&#243;lica de Goi&#225;s - Escola de Ci&#234;ncias Sociais e da Sa&#250;de, Goi&#226;nia, Goi&#225;s - Brazil.</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff13">
          <label>4</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Escola paulista de Medicina da Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo (Unifesp EPM), S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil.</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff14">
          <label>5</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o (HCor) &#8211; Lipids, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil.</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff15">
          <label>6</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) &#8211; Cardiologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil.</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff16">
          <label>7</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto de Cardiologia - Laborat&#243;rio de Investiga&#231;&#227;o Cl&#237;nica (LIC), Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil.</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff17">
          <label>8</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Recife</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">PE</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Laborat&#243;rio de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami - Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - Cl&#237;nica M&#233;dica, Recife, PE - Brazil.</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff18">
          <label>9</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s &#8211; Cardiologia, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brazil.</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Weimar Kunz Sebba Barroso</bold> &#8226; Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s - Liga de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial &#8211; Av. Universit&#225;ria Hospital das Clinicas. Postal Code <postal-code>74605-220</postal-code>, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brazil. E-mail: <email>sebbabarroso@gmail.com</email></corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author Contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Amodeo C, Martinez T, Brand&#227;o AA, Barroso WKS; Acquisition of data: Teixeira MEF, Vitorino PVO, Barroso WKS; Analysis and interpretation of the data: Teixeira MEF, Vitorino PVO, Amodeo C, Martinez T, Brand&#227;o AA, Barbosa ECD, Feitosa ADM, Barroso WKS; Statistical analysis: Teixeira MEF, Vitorino PVO, Souza ALL, Barroso WKS; Obtaining financing: Amodeo C, Martinez T, Barroso WKS; Writing of the manuscript: Teixeira MEF, Vitorino PVO, Brand&#227;o AA, Barbosa ECD, Feitosa ADM, Jardim PCBV, Souza ALL, Barroso WKS; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Teixeira MEF, Vitorino PVO, Amodeo C, Martinez T, Brand&#227;o AA, Barbosa ECD, Feitosa ADM, Jardim PCBV, Souza ALL, Barroso WKS.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background:</title>
          <p>A major cause of death worldwide, cardiovascular diseases and their prevalence in cardiologists are little known.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objectives:</title>
          <p>To describe life habits and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) and to investigate the prevalence of diagnosis, awareness, and control of these CVRF among cardiologists members affiliated to and specialists from the Brazilian Society of Cardiology.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p>National multicenter cross-sectional study to assess Brazilian cardiologists using a questionnaire on life habits, preexisting diseases, current medications, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and levels of glucose and lipids.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>A total of 555 cardiologists were evaluated, of which 67.9% were male, with a mean age of 47.2&#177;11.7 years. Most were non-smoker (88.7%) and physically active (77.1%), consumed alcohol (78.2%), had normal weight circumference (51.7%), and were overweight (56.1%). The prevalence of systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), diabetes mellitus (DM), and dyslipidemia (DLP) were 32.4%, 5.9%, and 49.7%, respectively, of which only 57.2%, 45.5%, and 49.6%, respectively, were aware of the diseases.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusions:</title>
          <p>The Brazilian cardiologists participating in the study had a high prevalence of SAH, DM and DLP, but only a half of participants were aware of these conditions and, among these, the rates of controlled disease were low for SAH and DLP, although cardiologists are professionals with great knowledge about these CVRF. These findings represent a warning sign for the approach of CVRF in Brazilian cardiologists and encourage the conduction of future studies.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiologists</kwd>
        <kwd>Risk Factors</kwd>
        <kwd>Antropometry</kwd>
        <kwd>Hypertension</kwd>
        <kwd>Dsylipidemias</kwd>
        <kwd>Diabetes Mellitus</kwd>
        <kwd>Life Style</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>Among cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF), systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidemias (DLP), and smoking are the ones with the greatest impact on increased morbidity and mortality rates.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> Furthermore, unfavorable life habits lead to overweight and, when combined, interfere significantly with the prevalence of CVRF,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref> with a consequent increase in the incidence of cardiovascular outcomes, such as sudden death, stroke, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), heart failure, peripheral artery disease, and chronic kidney disease.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref></p>
        <p>Health care professionals, including physicians, especially cardiologists, play a crucial role in diagnosing and treating cardiovascular diseases.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> Additionally, Brazilian cardiologists are often perceived as the responsible for the overall health care of adult patients.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref> Therefore, cardiologists are expected, in addition to providing care, to serve as a role model and, particularly, to personally engage in healthy life habits.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref></p>
        <p>There are few studies assessing cardiovascular risk and life habits of Brazilian cardiologists;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref> thus, this study aimed to: (1) investigate life habits and CVRF and (2) identify the prevalence of diagnosed, self-reported, and controlled SAH, DM, and DLP in cardiologists affiliated to and specialists from the Brazilian Society of Cardiology (Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia, SBC).</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>Methods</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Type of study, population, sample, and inclusion criteria</title>
          <sec>
            <title>National, descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study.</title>
            <p>In 2017, Brazil had 451,777 physicians, with approximately 25,000 (5.5%) cardiologists;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref>; of these, 11,495 had a cardiology specialist degree (CSD).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref> The reference population consisted of 14,201 cardiologists members of the SBC from across the country in 2017, with state societies in 24 federative units. The research was conducted with cardiologists having CSD/SBC in an attempt to standardize the sample with regard to level of scientific knowledge.</p>
            <p>The sample was selected by convenience and included 555 physicians with CSD/SBC and active members of SBC, which accounts for 4.8% of the reference population.</p>
          </sec>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Sites of study execution and coordination</title>
          <p>All 24 regional representatives of SBC/Board of Cardiovascular Health Prevention (FUNCOR) were invited to participate in the group of researchers working in this project. Of these, 15 accepted the invitation and, together with three other invited centers [Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia (IDPC), Liga de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial da Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s (LHA/UFG), and Unidade de Hipertens&#227;o da Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro], totaled 18 research centers that were effectively included in the group of investigators and coinvestigators who collected data from May to October 2017.</p>
          <p>Data collection was conducted in the following states: Bahia, Distrito Federal, Goi&#225;s, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Par&#225;, Para&#237;ba, Paran&#225;, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rond&#244;nia, S&#227;o Paulo, and Tocantins.</p>
          <p>The entire work was coordinated by the Board of SBC/FUNCOR, together with the university institutions IDPC and LHA/UFG.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Study procedures</title>
          <p>In-person meetings with all investigators were conducted in May and June 2017 to discuss study design and data collection. After receiving training, each investigator trained his/her local team for strict compliance with study procedures. Collection was made by the very responsible researcher physician, or by other dully trained cardiologists or medical students.</p>
          <p>Study participants were explained about the aim of the study, the data collection method, and the informed consent form (ICF), which was read and signed by all participants before the start of any study procedure.</p>
          <p>Interviews were conducted individually in a private room at a time and place previously agreed with the participants. The interview form contained questions on personal information, life habits, and personal disease history. Moreover, anthropometric blood pressure (BP) measurements were obtained, and glucose and lipid profile tests were performed.</p>
          <p>Age was calculated from date of birth. Sex was categorized into male and female. The life habits assessed were smoking (yes/no); consumption of alcoholic beverages (yes/no, for any amount of consumption), and physical activity practice (yes/no and weekly physical activity time, with active individuals being those who reported at least 150 minutes of physical activity per week).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref></p>
          <p>Anthropometric variables collected were height, weight, and waist circumference. Height was reported by participants;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref> weight was measured using an OMRON HN-290T digital weight scale, without accessories and shoes and using light clothes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref></p>
          <p>Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using the weight/height<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref> formula<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref> and classified into: underweight (&lt; 18.5 kg/m<sup>2</sup>), normal weight (18.5-24.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>); overweight (25-29.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>); class 1 obesity (30-34.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>), class 2 obesity (35 -39.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>), and class 3 obesity (&#8805; 40 kg/m<sup>2</sup>).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16"><sup>16</sup></xref></p>
          <p>Waist circumference was measured with an inelastic measuring tape<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref> and considered high if greater than 88 cm for women and greater than 102 cm for men.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17"><sup>17</sup></xref></p>
          <p>BP was measured using an OMRON sphygmomanometer, model HBP 1100,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18"><sup>18</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20"><sup>20</sup></xref> as recommended by 7<sup>th</sup> Brazilian Guidelines on Arterial Hypertension.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21"><sup>21</sup></xref> Three BP measurements were obtained, the first measurement was excluded, and the mean of the two subsequent measurements was calculated. Based on their mean BP values, participants were classified into those with normal BP (BP &#8804; 120/80 mmHg), pre-hypertension (121-139/81-89 mmHg), or stage 1 hypertension (140-159/90-99 mmHg), stage 2 hypertension (160-179/100-109 mmHg), or stage 3 hypertension (BP &#8805; 180/110 mmHg).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21"><sup>21</sup></xref></p>
          <p>Glucose and serum lipids were measured with the On Call Plus and Mission Cholesterol devices, respectively. All test measurements were directly taken from the devices in mg/dL, except for LDL, which was calculated using the Friedewald formula.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22"><sup>22</sup></xref></p>
          <p>Non-fasting measurements were obtained; thus, high glucose levels were considered as &#8805; 160 mg/dL;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23"><sup>23</sup></xref> and DLP was diagnosed for those with LDL 130 mg/dL and/or triglycerides &#8805; 175 mg/dL.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24"><sup>24</sup></xref></p>
          <p>For the diagnosis of SAH, DM, and DLP, at least one of the following criteria was considered: self-report of disease, made by the participants themselves, and/or use of anti-hypertensive drugs and/or BP &#8805; 140x90 mmHg in the mean of casual measurements; use of oral hypoglycemic agents and/or insulin and/or occasional blood glucose &#8805; 200 mg/dL; use of statin, fibrates, ezetimibe, and/or triglycerides &#8805; 175 mg/dL, and/or LDL &#8805; 130 mg/dL.</p>
          <p>Disease awareness was assessed by physicians&#8217; self-report. Data on the frequency of SAH, DM and DLP were compared with that obtained in Brazilian National Health Survey (Pesquisa Nacional de Sa&#250;de, PNS)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25"><sup>25</sup></xref> e in the Surveillance System for Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (Sistema de Vigil&#226;ncia de Fatores de Risco para Doen&#231;as Cr&#244;nicas N&#227;o Transmiss&#237;veis por Inqu&#233;rito Telef&#244;nico, VIGITEL);<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26"><sup>26</sup></xref> for this analysis, only participants&#8217; self-report was considered (reported data).</p>
          <p>SAH was considered controlled with systolic BP &lt; 140 mmHg and diastolic BP &lt; 90 mmHg, DM with glucose &lt; 200 mg/dL, and DLP with LDL &lt; 130 mg/dL and triglycerides &lt; 175 mg/dL.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21"><sup>21</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23"><sup>23</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24"><sup>24</sup></xref></p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Statistical analysis</title>
          <p>Data were typed on the Excel for Mac software, version 16.30, and analyzed with Stata statistical analysis software, version 14. Descriptive statistics was expressed as mean, standard deviation, and absolute and relative frequencies.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Ethical aspects</title>
          <p>The project was developed by the FUNCOR of the SBC, 2016/2017 term, and was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of IDPC, under number 2.016.859. All participants signed an ICF before any study procedure, in compliance with Resolution 466/2012.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Results</title>
        <p>A total of 555 cardiologists were assessed, with a mean age of 47.2&#177;11.7 years, of which 159 (28.6%) were from Central-West Region of Brazil, 147 (26.5%) from the Northeast Region, 103 (18.6%) from the North Region, 103 (18.6%) from Southeast Region, and 43 (7.7%) from the South Region.</p>
        <p>Most study participants were male, were physically active, with a mean physical activity time of 200.0&#177;106.8 minutes per week, did not smoke, and consumed alcohol (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Table 1</xref>).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t4">
          <label>Table 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Sample description according to sex, lifestyle, and overall health conditions, n=555, 2017</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <colgroup width="50%">
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <th align="left" valign="middle">Variable</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">n (%)</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Sex</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Female</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">178 (32.1)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Male</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">377 (67.9)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Age</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">&lt; 40 years</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">183 (33.2)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">&#8805; 40 years</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">368 (66.8)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Smoking</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Yes</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">03 (0.5)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">No</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">492 (88.7)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Former smoker</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">60 (10.8)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Sedentary lifestyle</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Yes</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">127 (22.9)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">No</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">428 (77.1)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Alcohol consumption</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Yes</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">434 (78.2)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">No</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">121 (21.8)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Abdominal circumference</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Normal</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">285 (51.7)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">High</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">266 (48.3)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Body mass index classification</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Non-overweight</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">243 (43.9)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Overweight</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">232 (41.9)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Obesity</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">79 (14.2)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>According to the measurements taken during the interview, most physicians presented with BP levels into the pre-hypertension category, and glucose, LDL, and triglycerides levels within normal range (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Table 2</xref>).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t5">
          <label>Table 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Classification of cardiologists according to blood pressure, casual glucose, and serum lipids, 2017</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <colgroup width="50%">
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <th align="left" valign="middle">Classification</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">n (%)</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Blood pressure (n=555)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Normal</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">204 (36.8)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Pre-hypertensive</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">264 (47.6)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Stage I hypertension</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">75 (13.5)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Stage II hypertension</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">08 (1.4)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Stage III hypertension</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">04 (0.7)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Casual glucose (n=555)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Normal</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">548 (98.7)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">High</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">07 (1.3)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>LDL (n=538)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Normal</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">411 (76.4)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">High</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">127 (23.6)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Triglycerides (n=547)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Normal</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">463 (84.6)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">High</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">84 (15.4)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>The prevalence of SAH was 32.4% of participants (n=180); of these, 57.2% (n=103) were aware of their condition, and 48.3% (n=87) had their BP controlled. The prevalence of DM was 5.9% (n=33) of participants; of these, 45.5% (n=15) were aware of their condition, and 78.8% (n=26) had their glucose levels within normal range. DLP showed rates of prevalence, awareness, and control of 49.7% (n=276), 49.6% (n=137), and 31.1% (n=86), respectively (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
        <fig id="f2">
          <label>Figure 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Prevalence of diagnosis, awareness, and control of SAH, DM and DLP in cardiologists, n=555, 2017. DLP: dyslipidemia; DM: diabetes mellitus; SAH: systemic arterial hypertension.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-04-0774-00125-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
        <p>With regard to cardiovascular outcomes, 4 (0.72%) cardiologists reported to have suffered an AMI, and 1 (0.18%) reported to have suffered a stroke. All four physicians with diagnosed coronary artery disease were on antiplatelet therapy.</p>
        <p><xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Table 3</xref> shows the frequencies of CVRF and cardiovascular outcomes of PNS,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25"><sup>25</sup></xref> VIGITEL,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26"><sup>26</sup></xref> and findings from the present study, considering only self-reported diseases.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t6">
          <label>Table 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Prevalence of risk factors and cardiovascular outcomes in the general population and among cardiologists. n = 555, 2017</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <colgroup width="20%">
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <th align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">PNS</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">VIGITEL</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Cardiologists (reported)</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Cardiologists (measured)</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Sedentary lifestyle</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">46</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">61.9</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">22.9</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Alcohol consumption</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">24</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">17.9</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">78.2</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Smoking</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">15</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">9.3</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.5</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Arterial hypertension</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">21,4</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">24.7</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">18.6</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">32.4</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Diabetes mellitus</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">6,2</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">7.7</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">2.7</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">5.9</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Dyslipidemia</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">12,5</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">-</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">24.7</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">49.7</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Acute myocardial infarction</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">4,2</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">-</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.7</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Stroke</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">1,5</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">-</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.2</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">-</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <attrib>Source: PNS<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25"><sup>25</sup></xref>, VIGITEL 2018<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26"><sup>26</sup></xref></attrib>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <p>This is the first Brazilian study to assess cardiologists with CSD from the five geographical regions for the presence of CVRF and life habits. These cardiologists showed a very low prevalence of sedentary lifestyle and smoking, and a higher prevalence of alcohol consumption compared with studies that assessed the general population, such as PNS<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25"><sup>25</sup></xref> and VIGITEL,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26"><sup>26</sup></xref> as well as a higher prevalence of DLP, a slightly lower prevalence of SAH, and a lower prevalence of DM. However, the rates of awareness of SAH, DM and DLP and the rates of control of SAH and DLP were low, considering that the study population consisted of cardiologists, which are supposed to understand the importance of controlling CVRF.</p>
        <p>In the Brazilian population, the prevalence of SAH ranges from 30% to 36%;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27"><sup>27</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28"><sup>28</sup></xref> the prevalence of DM is 11.4%;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29"><sup>29</sup></xref> and the prevalence of DLP is divided into hypercholesterolemia, with a prevalence of approximately 45.5%,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30"><sup>30</sup></xref> and hypertriglyceridemia, with a prevalence from 26.5% to 31. 2% in Latin America.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31"><sup>31</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32"><sup>32</sup></xref> Furthermore, the prevalence of excess weight (overweight/obesity) in Brazil is 57% in men and 43% in women.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33"><sup>33</sup></xref> In the present study group, considering reported and measured data, the diagnosis rate was 32.4% for SAH, 4.9% for DM, 51.7% for DLP (hypercholesterolemia and/or hypertriglyceridemia), and 56% for excess weight (67.1% in men and 32.2% in women).</p>
        <p>Lack of awareness of these CVRF is known to be high in the general population, but strikingly, it is also high among cardiologists, which lead us to consider that these professionals neglect their own health care. This delay in disease awareness, early diagnosis, and appropriate treatment may increased the risk of related outcomes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34"><sup>34</sup></xref></p>
        <p>Health education to the lay population is knowingly able to improve live habits, leading to a decrease in cardiovascular diseases.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35"><sup>35</sup></xref> Hence, there was the questioning on the quality of cardiologists&#8217; self-care, since they are the bearers of this scientific knowledge. Medical students assessed for CVRF had a similar prevalence than that of the general population of the same age, except for higher rates of sedentary lifestyle and higher BMI, thus raising a discussion on the extensive workload of the course, which may influence on the low time availability for the practice of healthy life habits, compared with other young adults.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36"><sup>36</sup></xref> In another group of medical students, obesity rates were lower compared with those of population of the same age, as well as better serum lipid levels, but they showed high consumption of fast food and alcohol, in addition to higher rates of sedentary lifestyle, which may also be explained by low time availability and the high level of stress related to the course.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B37"><sup>37</sup></xref></p>
        <p>It is known that work routine may often have a negative impact on the adoption of health and wellbeing practices, even if the professional have knowledge on the theme, such as health care professionals.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B38"><sup>38</sup></xref> The work in this area requires working in night shifts, and professionals often have more than one job. Therefore, they have difficulty in practicing regular physical activity or prioritizing nutritionally balanced meals.</p>
        <p>Conversely, the same discussion may be raised without the need of emphasizing the night shift as the most important harm, but considering only the excessive workload of these professionals, regardless of the period of the day. Two different groups assessed their professionals with regard to the prevalence of CVRF, including the entire multiprofessional team in the assessment. In a general hospital, a high prevalence of CVRF were observed in all assessed professional categories.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B39"><sup>39</sup></xref> Similar results were found in another group, with an even more worrisome situation, which is the lack of awareness of these individuals with regard to their already altered health satus.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B40"><sup>40</sup></xref></p>
        <p>In the subgroups of cardiologists versus non-cardiologists physicians, no significant differences were observed in relation to serum levels of cholesterol and its fractions, as well as to Framingham risk score, but cardiologists consumed more alcohol, and both groups had a mean BMI above the ideal range.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B41"><sup>41</sup></xref></p>
        <p>In a comparative analysis with the population surveys PNS<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25"><sup>25</sup></xref> and VIGITEL,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26"><sup>26</sup></xref> the cardiologists assessed in the present study reported lower rates of smoking and sedentary lifestyle, but come more alcohol. Furthermore, considering only reported CVRF, cardiologists reported lower rates of SAH and DM, but higher rates of DLP. These data are worrisome, not only due to lack of awareness, but also because they call into question the credibility of surveys that use only reported data.</p>
        <p>SAH, DM and DLP<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B42"><sup>42</sup></xref> are known to result from factors such as genetics and aging (non-modifiable), but are also related to life habits, and, within this context, individual with greater knowledge on cardiovascular risk factors are expected to have healthier habits.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B43"><sup>43</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B45"><sup>45</sup></xref> With wide knowledge on the topic, cardiologists were expected to fully engage in good habits, so as to prevent these diseases, which is contrary to the findings in our sample with regard to alcohol consumption, but is consistent with findings related to smoking and physical activity. Similarly, a similar, or even higher, prevalence was found for the main CVRF, in comparison to the general population, except for DM.</p>
        <p>Finally, the percentage of reported AMI (0.72%) and stroke (0.18%) in the sample was much lower than that of the general population, which may be related to the regular and frequent use of medications, due to physicians&#8217; knowledge on the appropriate treatment and ease of access to medications. Furthermore, mean age of the group was low (47.2 years) and may partly justify the low prevalence of AMI and stroke.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B46"><sup>46</sup></xref></p>
        <p>The present study had the following limitations: the lack of HDL in the assessment for DLP, due to a limitation in the measuring device; lack of administration of instruments to assess physical activity and alcohol consumption, which may have overestimated these rates; and the fact that fasting biochemical tests were not obtained. Nonetheless, it is worth noting that equal devices were used to obtain both anthropometric measurements and BP value and blood biochemistry tests, with previous training of coinvestigators and general coordination of reference centers, showing an appropriate standardization of the procedure.</p>
        <p>It is also worth emphasizing that the sample was not representative of cardiologists affiliated to the SBC, because this was a convenience sample, a fact that may relativize the results and the presented discussions. However, cardiologist from all over the country were assessed and, thus, this study represents a warning sign for the approach of the identified conditions and for the conduction of future studies with Brazilian cardiologists.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclusion</title>
        <p>Most cardiologists were male, were physically active, did not smoke, consumed alcohol, and had a significant prevalence of SAH, DM and DLP, similar to those observed in other surveys with Brazilian populations. However, although cardiologist have knowledge on these CVRF, approximately a half of them were aware of these conditions and were with their pressure controlled; additionally, one third had their lipid levels within normal values, but most had their glucose levels controlled. Study findings represent a warning sign for the adequate approach of CVRF among Brazilian cardiologists and point to the need of future studies.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Coinvestigators</title>
        <p>Alberto de Almeida Las Casas J&#250;nior (Goi&#225;s), Alexandre Jorge de Andrade Negri (Para&#237;ba), Andr&#233;s Gustavo S&#225;nchez Esteva (Tocantins), Ant&#244;nio Carlos Avanza Junior (Esp&#237;rito Santo), Christiano Henrique Souza Pereira (Mato Grosso do Sul), Claudine Maria Alves Feio (Par&#225;), Daniela Martins Lessa Barreto (Alagoas), Diana Patr&#237;cia Lamprea Sep&#250;lveda (Pernambuco), &#201;rika Maria Gon&#231;alves Campana (Rio de Janeiro), Evandro Guimar&#227;es de Souza (Minas Gerais), Ezilaine Nascimento Rosa (Mato Grosso), F&#225;tima Elizabeth Fonseca de Oliveira Negri (Para&#237;ba), Harry Corr&#234;a Filho (Santa Catarina), Jo&#227;o Paulo Fernandes Caixeta (Goi&#225;s), Jo&#227;o Roberto Gemelli (Rond&#244;nia), Joilma Silva Prazeres Tobias (Maranh&#227;o), Jos&#233; Fernando Vilela Martin (S&#227;o Paulo), Juan Carlos Yugar Toledo (S&#227;o Paulo), Lara Ara&#250;jo Dias (Goi&#225;s), Maur&#237;cio Pimentel (Rio Grande do Sul), Nivaldo Menezes Filgueiras Filho (Bahia), Sandra Andrade Mendon&#231;a Hilgemberg (Rio Grande do Norte), S&#237;lvio Henrique Barberato (Paran&#225;), Simone Nascimento dos Santos (Distrito Federal), Thaynara de Moraes Pacheco (Goi&#225;s).</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by" id="fn3">
          <p>
            <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
          </p>
          <p>This study was funded by Ind&#250;stria Farmac&#234;utica EMS and equipment Medlevesson and Omron.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn4">
          <p>
            <bold>Study Association</bold>
          </p>
          <p>This article is part of the thesis of master submitted by Maria Emilia Figueiredo Teixeira, from P&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de - UFG.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
