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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">5cn6BW3z7DKtSHKk7Ddv6LQ</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2021000500704</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20210082</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20210082</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Equidade entre Sexos no Acesso &#224; Reperfus&#227;o no Infarto Agudo do Mioc&#225;rdio: Um Longo Caminho a ser Percorrido</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <name>
            <surname>Fraga</surname>
            <given-names>Clara L.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <name>
            <surname>Macedo</surname>
            <given-names>Frederico V. B.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <name>
            <surname>Rocha</surname>
            <given-names>Rodrigo T. L.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <name>
            <surname>Ferreira</surname>
            <given-names>Domingos S&#225;vio G.</given-names>
            <suffix>Filho</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5586-774X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Nascimento</surname>
            <given-names>Bruno R.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG - Brasil.</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG - Brasil.</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Bruno R. Nascimento</bold> &#8226; Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade Federal de, Minas Gerais - Servi&#231;o de Cardiologia e Cirurgia Carvdiovascular - Avenida Professor Alfredo Balena, 110, 1&#186; andar. CEP <postal-code>30130-100</postal-code>, Belo Horizonte. MG &#8211; Brasil. E-mail: <email>ramosnas@gmail.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>16</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>116</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>704</fpage>
      <lpage>705</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Isquemia Mioc&#225;rdica</kwd>
        <kwd>Infarto do Mioc&#225;rdio</kwd>
        <kwd>Revasculariza&#231;&#227;o Mioc&#225;rdica</kwd>
        <kwd>Reperfus&#227;o Mioc&#225;rdica</kwd>
        <kwd>Mulheres</kwd>
        <kwd>Homens</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="2"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="13"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A doen&#231;a isqu&#234;mica do mioc&#225;rdio &#233; a principal causa de morte no mundo. Sua apresenta&#231;&#227;o de maior gravidade &#233; o infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (IAMCSST), que corresponde a cerca de 1/3 das apresenta&#231;&#245;es<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> e tem na reperfus&#227;o precoce a principal estrat&#233;gia para a redu&#231;&#227;o da mortalidade. Apesar do amplo conhecimento hist&#243;rico das diferen&#231;as relacionadas ao sexo no tratamento e progn&#243;stico de pacientes que apresentam doen&#231;a card&#237;aca isqu&#234;mica em car&#225;ter agudo, os homens, al&#233;m de terem acesso mais precoce aos sistemas de sa&#250;de, s&#227;o mais propensos a receber angiografia coron&#225;ria diagn&#243;stica e revasculariza&#231;&#227;o de urg&#234;ncia do que as mulheres.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref> O artigo &#8220;Acesso &#224;s terapias de reperfus&#227;o e mortalidade em mulheres com infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento St: Registro VICTIM<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref>&#8221; mostra detalhadamente esta diferen&#231;a na realidade brasileira.</p>
    <p>Ao avaliar 878 pacientes admitidos com IAMCSST em Sergipe, estado do Nordeste brasileiro, constatou-se que as mulheres foram menos frequentemente submetidas &#224;s estrat&#233;gias de reperfus&#227;o quando comparadas aos homens, tanto em interven&#231;&#245;es coronarianas percut&#226;neas (ICP) de urg&#234;ncia (44% x 54,5%; p = 0,003) quanto em fibrin&#243;lise (1,7% x 2,6%; p = 0,422). Tal realidade est&#225; em conson&#226;ncia com os dados de outros estudos pr&#233;vios realizados sobre o tema em diferentes cen&#225;rios (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref>). No registro VICTIM,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref> foi observada maior mortalidade hospitalar em pacientes do sexo feminino (16,1% x 6,7%; p &lt; 0,001), provavelmente como consequ&#234;ncia deste menor acesso a terapias de reperfus&#227;o. Tais dados s&#227;o concordantes com revis&#245;es sistem&#225;ticas da literatura sobre o tema.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref></p>
    <table-wrap id="t1">
      <label>Tabela 1</label>
      <caption>
        <title>Acesso &#224;s terapias de reperfus&#227;o no infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST, por sexo</title>
      </caption>
      <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
        <colgroup width="20%">
          <col/>
          <col/>
          <col/>
          <col/>
          <col/>
        </colgroup>
        <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
          <tr>
            <th valign="middle" align="left">Estudo</th>
            <th valign="middle" align="center">Registro VICTIM<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref></th>
            <th valign="middle" align="center">Radovanovic et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref></th>
            <th valign="middle" align="center">Hansen et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref></th>
            <th valign="middle" align="center">Soeiro et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref></th>
          </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
          <tr>
            <td valign="middle" align="left">ICP (%, homens x mulheres)</td>
            <td valign="middle" align="center">54,5 x 44</td>
            <td valign="middle" align="center">36,6 x 27,2</td>
            <td valign="middle" align="center">58 x 72</td>
            <td valign="middle" align="center">44,9 x 35,4</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td valign="middle" align="left">Fibrin&#243;lise (%, homens x mulheres)</td>
            <td valign="middle" align="center">2,6 x 1,7</td>
            <td valign="middle" align="center">18,7 x 15,2</td>
            <td valign="middle" align="center">N/A</td>
            <td valign="middle" align="center">N/A</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td valign="middle" align="left">Mortalidade (%, homens x mulheres)</td>
            <td valign="middle" align="center">16,1 x 6,7</td>
            <td valign="middle" align="center">10,7 x 6,3</td>
            <td valign="middle" align="center">11 x 7</td>
            <td valign="middle" align="center">3,7 x 3,1</td>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
      </table>
      <table-wrap-foot>
        <attrib>ICP: interven&#231;&#227;o coronariana percut&#226;nea.</attrib>
      </table-wrap-foot>
    </table-wrap>
    <p>Seria a demora pelo pedido de socorro um dos motivos pelos quais as mulheres seriam menos submetidas &#224;s terapias de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o? O estudo em quest&#227;o demonstrou que este parece n&#227;o ter sido o problema em Sergipe, sendo o tempo do chamado por ajuda ap&#243;s in&#237;cio dos sintomas estatisticamente similar entre os g&#234;neros. No entanto, as pacientes do sexo feminino tiveram maior atraso no percurso entre o hospital prim&#225;rio e a remo&#231;&#227;o para uma unidade com infraestrutura para a reperfus&#227;o percut&#226;nea (atraso de transfer&#234;ncia). Tais dados diferem, em parte, dos achados em recente estudo na It&#225;lia. No pa&#237;s europeu, o tempo m&#233;dio do in&#237;cio dos sintomas at&#233; a apresenta&#231;&#227;o no hospital foi maior para mulheres (280 x 240 minutos), em que apenas 23,2% das mulheres x 29,1% dos homens apresentavam atraso menor que 120 minutos at&#233; a admiss&#227;o (p = 0,002).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref> Assim como no estudo VICTIM, houve impacto sobre a mortalidade: nos casos com atraso igual ou maior que 120 minutos, as taxas de mortalidade foram maiores entre as mulheres (5,5% x 2,8%), ao passo nos casos com apresenta&#231;&#227;o menor que 120 minutos, a mortalidade foi consideravelmente mais baixa e estatisticamente similar entre sexos (mulheres 2,0% x homens 1,6%).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref></p>
    <p>Al&#233;m disso, o presente artigo observou que o IAMCSST tende a acometer mulheres com idade mais avan&#231;ada (&gt; 63 anos) e com maior n&#250;mero de fatores de risco em compara&#231;&#227;o aos homens.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref> Como demonstrado em publica&#231;&#227;o pr&#233;via com dados do Brasil, as mulheres tamb&#233;m apresentam um maior n&#237;vel de estresse, o que pode potencializar o risco de eventos agudos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> Padr&#227;o semelhante foi observado em estudos na Austr&#225;lia e It&#225;lia, eles mostraram que as mulheres s&#227;o mais prop&#237;cias a apresentarem IAMCSST com idade superior e maior preval&#234;ncia de hipertens&#227;o, diabetes e/ou hipercolesterolemia, o que contrasta com menores taxas de tabagismo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref> Nestas publica&#231;&#245;es questiona-se se a subestima&#231;&#227;o do risco cardiovascular feminino pode ter resultado em tratamentos mais conservadores, contribuindo para desfechos negativos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref> De modo semelhante, outros autores interrogam se a pr&#243;pria idade avan&#231;ada das pacientes, associada ao maior n&#250;mero de comorbidades e ao mesmo tempo a apresenta&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas menos t&#237;picas, n&#227;o estariam influenciando a op&#231;&#227;o pelo tratamento conservador em pacientes do sexo feminino.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref></p>
    <p>Neste contexto, os dados do estudo VICTIM tamb&#233;m chamam aten&#231;&#227;o para a import&#226;ncia de um menor limiar de suspei&#231;&#227;o ao solicitar exames e indicar procedimentos invasivos para pacientes do sexo feminino.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref> Assim como demonstrado em estudo su&#237;&#231;o com 51.725 pacientes durante um per&#237;odo de 19 anos (1997-2016), a mortalidade intra-hospitalar diminuiu significativamente de 9,8% para 5,5% em homens e de 18,3% para 6,9% nas mulheres como resultado do aumento da indica&#231;&#227;o de terapias de reperfus&#227;o (tromb&#243;lise ou ICP) no IAMCSST: de 60% para 93% (p &lt; 0,001) em homens e de 45% para 90% (p &lt; 0,001) em mulheres<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref> &#8211; tendo aumentado proporcionalmente mais entre homens. Tais dados refor&#231;am a import&#226;ncia de um julgamento cl&#237;nico detalhado e individualizado na emerg&#234;ncia m&#233;dica.</p>
    <p>Dito isso, as implica&#231;&#245;es do estudo para a comunidade m&#233;dica e o m&#233;dico assistente s&#227;o diretas: as m&#250;ltiplas comorbidades, a idade mais avan&#231;ada e as apresenta&#231;&#245;es at&#237;picas n&#227;o devem ser impeditivas para a indica&#231;&#227;o de terapias de reperfus&#227;o, a an&#225;lise do quadro cl&#237;nico como um todo se faz necess&#225;ria. Ademais, devem ser propostas pol&#237;ticas p&#250;blicas que possibilitem um encaminhamento mais r&#225;pido desses pacientes para um servi&#231;o que possua servi&#231;o de angioplastia, al&#233;m de programas de educa&#231;&#227;o em sa&#250;de e conscientiza&#231;&#227;o sobre sintomas cardiovasculares, com foco nas mulheres. Com tais a&#231;&#245;es multifacetadas, o maior acesso &#224; reperfus&#227;o pode ser a respons&#225;vel por reduzir ainda mais a mortalidade causada por doen&#231;as cardiovasculares, sobretudo no sexo feminino, nos pr&#243;ximos anos.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Acesso &#224; Terapia de Reperfus&#227;o e Mortalidade em Mulheres com Infarto Agudo do Mioc&#225;rdio com Supradesnivelamento do Segmento ST: Registro VICTIM</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Gender Equity in Access to Reperfusion in Acute Myocardial Infarction: Still A Long Way to Go</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <name>
            <surname>Fraga</surname>
            <given-names>Clara L.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <name>
            <surname>Macedo</surname>
            <given-names>Frederico V. B.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <name>
            <surname>Rocha</surname>
            <given-names>Rodrigo T. L.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <name>
            <surname>Ferreira</surname>
            <given-names>Domingos S&#225;vio G.</given-names>
            <suffix>Filho</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5586-774X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Nascimento</surname>
            <given-names>Bruno R.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG - Brazil.</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG - Brazil.</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Bruno R. Nascimento</bold> &#8226; Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade Federal de, Minas Gerais - Servi&#231;o de Cardiologia e Cirurgia Carvdiovascular e Centro de Telessa&#250;de - Avenida Professor Alfredo Balena, 110, 1&#186; andar. Postal Code <postal-code>30130-100</postal-code>, Belo Horizonte. MG &#8211; Brazil. E-mail: <email>ramosnas@gmail.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Myocardial Ischemia</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial Infarction</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial Revascularization</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial Reperfusion</kwd>
        <kwd>Womens</kwd>
        <kwd>Men</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Ischemic heart disease is the main cause of death worldwide, and its most severe presentation ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI), which corresponds to approximately 1/3 of the presentations,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> and early reperfusion is the main strategy for reducing mortality. Despite broad historical knowledge of gender-related differences in treatment and prognosis of patients with an acute presentation of ischemic heart disease, male individuals, in addition to having earlier access to health systems, are even more likely to undergo a diagnostic coronary angiography and urgent revascularization than women.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref> The article &#8220;Access to Reperfusion Therapies and Mortality in Women with Acute Myocardial Infarction with ST-Segment Elevation: the VICTIM Registry<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref>&#8221; demonstrates very well this difference in access to reperfusion therapies in the Brazilian scenario. When evaluating 878 patients admitted with STEMI in the northeastern state of Sergipe, Brazil, it was observed that female individuals were less frequently submitted to reperfusion strategies when compared to males, both primary percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) (44% x 54.5%; p = 0.003) and fibrinolysis (1.7% x 2.6%; p = 0.422). This scenario is in line with data from other previous studies on this topic carried out in different settings (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 1</xref>). In the VICTIM<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref> registry, higher in-hospital mortality was observed in the female gender (16.1% x 6.7*; p &lt;0.001), probably as a consequence of this lower access to reperfusion therapies. These data are consistent with systematic reviews of the literature on the topic.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref></p>
      <table-wrap id="t2">
        <label>Table 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Access to reperfusion therapies in acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation, by gender</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
          <colgroup width="20%">
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr>
              <th valign="middle" align="left">Study</th>
              <th valign="middle" align="center">VICTIM Registry<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref></th>
              <th valign="middle" align="center">Radovanovic et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref></th>
              <th valign="middle" align="center">Hansen et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref></th>
              <th valign="middle" align="center">Soeiro et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref></th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left">PCI (%, men x women)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">54.5 x 44</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">36.6 x 27.2</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">58 x 72</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">44.9 x 35.4</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left">Fibrinolysis (%, men x women)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">2.6 x 1.7</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">18.7 x 15.2</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">N/A</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">N/A</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left">Mortality (%, men x women)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">16.1 x 6.7</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">10.7 x 6.3</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">11 x 7</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">3.7 x 3.1</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <attrib>PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention.</attrib>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>Would the delay in calling for help be one of the reasons why women are less frequently submitted to revascularization therapies? The aforementioned study demonstrated that this does not seem to have been the problem in Sergipe, with the time spent calling for help after symptom onset being statistically similar between the genders. However, female patients underwent a greater delay in the primary hospital, until referral to a unit with infrastructure to perform the percutaneous reperfusion (transfer delay). These data differ in part from the findings of a recent study carried out in Italy, in which the mean time from symptom onset to presentation at the hospital was longer for women (280 x 240 minutes), with only 23.2% of women x 29.1 % of men undergoing a delay &lt;120 minutes until hospital admission (p = 0.002).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref> As in the VICTIM study, there was an impact on mortality: in cases with delay &#8805;120 minutes, mortality rates were higher among women (5.5% x 2.8%), whereas in cases with presentation &lt;120 minutes, mortality was considerably lower and statistically similar between genders (2.0% in women vs. 1.6% in men).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref></p>
      <p>Moreover, the present study observed that STEMI tends to affect women who are older (&gt; 63 years) and with a greater number of risk factors, when compared to men.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref> As demonstrated in a previous publication with data from Brazil, women also have a higher level of stress, which may increase the risk for acute events.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> A similar pattern was observed in studies carried out in Australia and Italy, which showed that women are more likely to have STEMI at an older age and to have higher rates of hypertension, diabetes and/or hypercholesterolemia, in contrast to lower rates of smoking.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref> In these publications, it is questioned whether the underestimation of female cardiovascular risk may have resulted in more conservative treatments, contributing to unfavorable outcomes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref> Similarly, other authors question whether the patients&#8217; advanced age, associated with a greater number of comorbidities, together with less typical clinical presentations, would influence the choice of conservative treatment in women.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref></p>
      <p>In this context, the data from the VICTIM study also draw attention to the importance of a lower threshold of suspicion for ordering tests and indicating invasive procedures for female patients.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref> As demonstrated in a Swiss study with 51,725 patients, over a period of 19 years (1997 - 2016), in-hospital mortality significantly decreased from 9.8% to 5.5% in men and from 18.3% to 6.9% in women, as a result of the increasing indication for reperfusion therapies (thrombolysis or PCI) in STEMI: from 60% to 93% (p &lt;0.001) in men and from 45% to 90% (p &lt;0.001) in women<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref> &#8211; with a proportionally greater increase among men. These data reinforce the importance of a detailed and individualized clinical judgment in the emergency setting.</p>
      <p>That said, the study implications for the medical community and attending physicians are straightforward: the multiple comorbidities, older age and atypical presentations should not be a barrier to the indication of reperfusion therapies, and the clinical condition should be analyzed as a whole. Additionally, public policies should be proposed to allow for a faster referral of these patients to a service with intervention a facilities, in addition to health education programs and awareness of cardiovascular symptoms, focused on women. With these multifaceted actions, greater access to reperfusion may result in further reductions in mortality from cardiovascular diseases, especially among women, in the coming years.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Access to Reperfusion Therapy and Mortality in Women with ST-Segment&#8211;Elevation Myocardial Infarction: VICTIM Register</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
