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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">ftSmj6GdbtycjyWM73wtLVL</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2021000500695</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20190468</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20190468</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigo Original</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Acesso &#224; Terapia de Reperfus&#227;o e Mortalidade em Mulheres com Infarto Agudo do Mioc&#225;rdio com Supradesnivelamento do Segmento ST: Registro VICTIM</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6782-8994</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Jussiely Cunha</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Barros</surname>
            <given-names>Mayse Pereira Souza</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7253-806X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Barreto</surname>
            <given-names>Ikaro Daniel de Carvalho</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Rubens Cruz</given-names>
            <suffix>Filho</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1358-0406</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Andrade</surname>
            <given-names>Volfanio Ara&#250;jo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Andr&#233; de Melo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8022-3727</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Lima</surname>
            <given-names>Ticiane Clair Remacre Munareto</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3578-6379</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Jeferson Cunha</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>5</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Arcelino</surname>
            <given-names>Larissa Andreline Maia</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>6</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>La&#237;s Costa Souza</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>5</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8545-5677</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Santana-Santos</surname>
            <given-names>Eduesley</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Almeida-Santos</surname>
            <given-names>Marcos Ant&#244;nio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
            <sup>7</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4158-9726</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Sousa</surname>
            <given-names>Ant&#244;nio Carlos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
            <sup>8</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">
            <sup>9</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4884-3379</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Barreto</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; Augusto Soares</given-names>
            <suffix>Filho</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
            <sup>8</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Sergipe</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">N&#250;cleo de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Crist&#243;v&#227;o</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SE</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Sergipe - N&#250;cleo de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de, S&#227;o Crist&#243;v&#227;o, SE - Brasil.</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Sergipe</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">N&#250;cleo de P&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o em Enfermagem</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Crist&#243;v&#227;o</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SE</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Sergipe - N&#250;cleo de P&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o em Enfermagem, S&#227;o Crist&#243;v&#227;o, SE - Brasil.</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>3</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Sergipe</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Crist&#243;v&#227;o</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SE</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Sergipe &#8211; Medicina, S&#227;o Crist&#243;v&#227;o, SE - Brasil.</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>4</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">N&#250;cleo de P&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o em biometria e estat&#237;stica aplicada</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Recife</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">PE</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - N&#250;cleo de P&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o em biometria e estat&#237;stica aplicada, Recife, PE - Brasil.</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff5">
          <label>5</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Primavera</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Aracaju</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SE</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Primavera, Aracaju, SE - Brasil.</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff6">
          <label>6</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Sergipe</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital Universit&#225;rio</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Aracaju</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SE</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Universit&#225;rio da Universidade Federal de Sergipe (HU-UFS), Aracaju, SE - Brasil.</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff7">
          <label>7</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Tiradentes</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Programa de P&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o em Sa&#250;de e Ambiente</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Aracaju</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SE</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Programa de P&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o em Sa&#250;de e Ambiente da Universidade Tiradentes, Aracaju, SE - Brasil.</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff8">
          <label>8</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Funda&#231;&#227;o S&#227;o Lucas</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Centro de Ensino e Pesquisa</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Aracaju</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SE</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Funda&#231;&#227;o S&#227;o Lucas - Centro de Ensino e Pesquisa, Aracaju, SE - Brasil.</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff9">
          <label>9</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Sergipe</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital Universit&#225;rio</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Divis&#227;o de Cardiologia</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Crist&#243;v&#227;o</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SE</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Sergipe - Divis&#227;o de Cardiologia do Hospital Universit&#225;rio, S&#227;o Crist&#243;v&#227;o, SE - Brasil.</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Jussiely Cunha Oliveira</bold> &#8226; Universidade Federal de Sergipe - Cidade Univ. Prof. Jos&#233; Alo&#237;sio de Campos Av. Marechal Rondon, s/n. CEP <postal-code>49100-000</postal-code>, Jd. Rosa Elze, S&#227;o Crist&#243;v&#227;o, SE &#8211; Brasil. E-mail: <email>jussiely@hotmail.com</email></corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesses</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Oliveira JC, Barros MPS, Oliveira JC, Barreto-Filho JAS; Almeida-Santos MA. Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Oliveira JC, Barros MPS, Silva Filho RC, Andrade VA, Oliveira AM, Lima TCRM, Oliveira JC, Arcelino LAM, Oliveira LCS; An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Oliveira JC, Barros MPS, Barreto IDC, Oliveira AM, Lima TCRM, Oliveira JC, Sousa AC, Barreto-Filho JAS; Almeida-Santos MA. An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica: Barreto IDC, Santana-Santos E, Barreto-Filho JAS; Almeida-Santos MA. Obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento: Oliveira JC, Oliveira LCS, Barreto-Filho JAS; Almeida-Santos MA. Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Oliveira JC, Barros MPS, Barreto IDC, Silva Filho RC, Oliveira AM, Lima TCRM, Barreto-Filho JAS; Almeida-Santos MA. Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Barros MPS, Barreto IDC, Silva Filho RC, Andrade VA, Oliveira AM, Lima TCRM, Oliveira JC, Arcelino LAM, Oliveira LCS, Santana-Santos E, Sousa AC, Barreto-Filho JAS, Almeida-Santos MA.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>16</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>116</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>695</fpage>
      <lpage>703</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>15</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2019</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>23</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>16</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento:</title>
          <p>A reperfus&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica &#233; parte fundamental do tratamento para infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio com supradesnivelamento de ST (IAMCSST) e &#233; respons&#225;vel por reduzir morbimortalidade no paciente acometido. No entanto, as taxas de reperfus&#227;o s&#227;o geralmente mais baixas e as taxas de mortalidade mais altas em mulheres que em homens.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivos:</title>
          <p>Avaliar a preval&#234;ncia do uso de terapias de reperfus&#227;o em mulheres e homens com IAMCSST nos hospitais com capacidade para realizar interven&#231;&#227;o coronariana percut&#226;nea (ICP) no estado de Sergipe.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>Trata-se de estudo transversal que utilizou dados do Registro VICTIM. Foram avaliados pacientes com diagn&#243;stico de IAMCSST admitidos nos quatro hospitais com capacidade para realizar ICP no estado de Sergipe, sendo um p&#250;blico e tr&#234;s privados, no per&#237;odo de dezembro de 2014 a junho de 2018. Foi aplicada an&#225;lise multivariada com modelo ajustado utilizando mortalidade como vari&#225;vel dependente. Em todas as an&#225;lises, o n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia adotado foi de 5% (p&lt;0,05).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>Foram inclu&#237;dos 878 volunt&#225;rios com diagn&#243;stico confirmado de IAMCSST, dos quais 33,4% eram mulheres. Apenas 53,3% dos pacientes foram submetidos &#224; reperfus&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica (134 mulheres <italic>versus</italic> 334 homens). A fibrin&#243;lise foi realizada somente em 2,3% de todos os pacientes (1,7% das mulheres versus 2,6% dos homens; p=0,422). Nas mulheres, a taxa de ICP prim&#225;ria foi menor (44% versus 54,5%; p=0,003) e a mortalidade hospitalar foi maior (16,1% versus 6,7%; p&lt;0,001) que nos homens.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o:</title>
          <p>As mulheres apresentam taxas significativamente menores de ICP prim&#225;ria e significativamente maiores de mortalidade hospitalar que os homens. A taxa de reperfus&#227;o em ambos os g&#234;neros foi baixa e houve n&#237;tida subutiliza&#231;&#227;o de agentes trombol&#237;ticos.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>Infarto do Mioc&#225;rdio</kwd>
        <kwd>Mulheres</kwd>
        <kwd>Reperfus&#227;o Mioc&#225;rdica</kwd>
        <kwd>Interven&#231;&#227;o Coron&#225;ria Percut&#226;nea</kwd>
        <kwd>Morbimortalidade</kwd>
        <kwd>G&#234;nero e Sa&#250;de</kwd>
        <kwd>Disparidades em Assist&#234;ncia &#224; Sa&#250;de</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <award-group>
          <funding-source>CNPq</funding-source>
          <award-id>14/2013</award-id>
        </award-group>
        <funding-statement>O presente estudo foi financiado pelo CNPq, n&#250;mero 14/2013.</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="4"/>
        <table-count count="4"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="26"/>
        <page-count count="9"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>A reperfus&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica precoce constitui o pilar do tratamento do infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio com supradesnivelamento de ST (IAMCSST) e seu uso est&#225; associado a melhores progn&#243;sticos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> No entanto, em diversos locais do mundo, as mulheres t&#234;m apresentado taxas de reperfus&#227;o inferiores aos homens.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref></p>
      <p>A interven&#231;&#227;o coronariana percut&#226;nea (ICP) atualmente &#233; considerada o tratamento padr&#227;o ouro para o IAMCSST, por exibir melhores taxas de sucesso, maior frequ&#234;ncia de reperfus&#227;o completa (TIMI classe 3) e menor incid&#234;ncia de isquemia recorrente, reinfarto e morte quando comparada com fibrin&#243;lise. O procedimento est&#225; indicado nos pacientes com IAMCSST que podem ter acesso &#224; terapia dentro de 90 minutos do diagn&#243;stico, al&#233;m daqueles que apresentam contraindica&#231;&#245;es ao uso de fibrinol&#237;ticos ou em choque cardiog&#234;nico. Seu uso oferece benef&#237;cio se realizado dentro de 12 horas do in&#237;cio da dor, ou at&#233; 24 horas ap&#243;s o diagn&#243;stico, se houver persist&#234;ncia de isquemia. O uso de fibrinol&#237;ticos &#233; de fundamental import&#226;ncia para os pacientes que n&#227;o ter&#227;o acesso em tempo h&#225;bil &#224; ICP e no ambiente pr&#233;-hospitalar.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref></p>
      <p>Apesar da relev&#226;ncia comprovada acerca da realiza&#231;&#227;o de terapia de reperfus&#227;o coronariana precoce, diversos estudos t&#234;m demonstrado disparidades entre os sexos na abordagem do paciente com IAMCSST.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> As mulheres apresentam taxas de ICP e de fibrin&#243;lise inferiores aos homens,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> e mais complica&#231;&#245;es associadas &#224; terapia de reperfus&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref> No sexo feminino, o progn&#243;stico p&#243;s-isquemia &#233; pior que no sexo masculino, refletindo, possivelmente, uma abordagem terap&#234;utica menos agressiva.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref></p>
      <p>Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a preval&#234;ncia do uso terapias de reperfus&#227;o entre mulheres e homens com IAMCSST nos hospitais com capacidade para realizar ICP no estado de Sergipe.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="materials|methods">
      <title>Materiais e m&#233;todos</title>
      <p>Trata-se de estudo transversal que utilizou dados do Registro VICTIM<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref> - Via Crucis para o Tratamento do Infarto do Mioc&#225;rdio, coletados no per&#237;odo de dezembro de 2014 a junho de 2018, nos quatro hospitais de Sergipe onde a ICP &#233; dispon&#237;vel. Todas as institui&#231;&#245;es s&#227;o localizadas na capital, apenas uma delas atende usu&#225;rios do servi&#231;o p&#250;blico de sa&#250;de, e &#233; considerada de refer&#234;ncia para o tratamento do IAMCSST. As demais institui&#231;&#245;es s&#227;o privadas e oferecem atendimento sob livre demanda.</p>
      <p>A coleta foi realizada pelos pesquisadores que utilizaram question&#225;rio pr&#243;prio de pesquisa, composto pelas seguintes vari&#225;veis: idade, etnia, classe social, escolaridade, cobertura de sa&#250;de, fatores de risco, sintomas de apresenta&#231;&#227;o, classifica&#231;&#227;o de Killip e Kimball, escore de risco GRACE; dados referentes ao tempo do in&#237;cio dos sintomas &#224; decis&#227;o de chamar socorro, tempo entre a decis&#227;o de chamar socorro &#224; chegada ao primeiro hospital sem angioplastia, tempo de tr&#226;nsito do primeiro hospital ao hospital com servi&#231;o de angioplastia e tempo total do in&#237;cio dos sintomas at&#233; chegada ao hospital com angioplastia; uso de tratamentos com fibrinol&#237;tico, ICP ou revasculariza&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica do mioc&#225;rdio, al&#233;m da evolu&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica dos pacientes durante a interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar ap&#243;s o IAM quanto &#224; mortalidade, insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca cr&#244;nica, reinfarto ou choque. As informa&#231;&#245;es foram coletadas por meio de entrevista com o paciente ou acompanhante e dos prontu&#225;rios m&#233;dicos dos pacientes.</p>
      <p>Foram inclu&#237;dos no estudo todos os pacientes maiores de 18 anos admitidos nos referidos hospitais ap&#243;s confirma&#231;&#227;o do IAMCSST pelo eletrocardiograma e de acordo com os crit&#233;rios da V Diretriz da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> que sugere a presen&#231;a de pelo menos um dos cinco crit&#233;rios a seguir para que o diagn&#243;stico de infarto seja confirmado: sintomas de isquemia mioc&#225;rdica como dor no peito; altera&#231;&#245;es do segmento ST/onda T ou bloqueio completo de ramo esquerdo novos; desenvolvimento de ondas Q patol&#243;gicas no ECG; perda de m&#250;sculo mioc&#225;rdico vi&#225;vel ou altera&#231;&#227;o de motilidade segmentar por exame de imagem; identifica&#231;&#227;o de trombo intracoron&#225;rio por angiografia ou aut&#243;psia. Al&#233;m disso, os pacientes para inclus&#227;o tinham que aceitar assinar o TCLE (Termo de consentimento Livre e Esclarecido).</p>
      <p>Foram exclu&#237;dos os pacientes que evolu&#237;ram para &#243;bito antes de realizar a entrevista; que n&#227;o eram eleg&#237;veis para inclus&#227;o na Via Crucis, ou seja, aqueles que se encontraram internados por outras causas quando apresentaram quadro de IAMCSST e portanto n&#227;o percorreram a linha do tempo do in&#237;cio dos sintomas extra-hospitalar at&#233; a chegada do hospital com ICP; pacientes que n&#227;o assinaram o TCLE; pacientes que sofreram reinfarto em at&#233; 28 dias do infarto incidente; e pacientes que apresentaram mudan&#231;a de diagn&#243;stico, ou seja, deram entrada nos hospitais com diagn&#243;stico inicial de IAMCSST, mas ap&#243;s a realiza&#231;&#227;o de exames ficou constatado se tratar de outro acometimento; e aqueles atendidos por plano de sa&#250;de em hospital filantr&#243;pico (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1</xref>). A coleta de dados foi feita de forma consecutiva nas institui&#231;&#245;es selecionadas.</p>
      <fig id="f1">
        <label>Figura 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Fluxograma de pacientes exclu&#237;dos; IAMCSST: infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio com supradesnivelamento de ST.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-04-0695-90468-gf01.tif"/></fig>
      <p>Esta pesquisa foi aprovada pelo comit&#234; de &#233;tica em pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Sergipe sob o parecer n&#250;mero 483749.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
        <p>As vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foram descritas por frequ&#234;ncia absoluta e relativa, e as vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas foram descritas por m&#233;dia e desvio-padr&#227;o ou mediana e intervalo interquartil, conforme normalidade dos dados. Para avaliar diferen&#231;as de medidas de tend&#234;ncia central, primeiro aplicou-se o teste de Shapiro-Wilk para avaliar a ader&#234;ncia das distribui&#231;&#245;es cont&#237;nuas &#224; distribui&#231;&#227;o normal e, quando a validade desse pressuposto foi confirmada, o teste t de Student foi usado para amostras independentes; quando n&#227;o, foi o utilizado o teste de Mann-Whitney. As vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foram avaliadas utilizando o teste de &#967;<sup>2</sup> de Pearson. Na an&#225;lise multivariada, foi utilizada a regress&#227;o log&#237;stica simples, usando mortalidade como desfecho e sexo como vari&#225;vel independente. O modelo foi ajustado quanto &#224; cobertura de sa&#250;de, idade, reperfus&#227;o, e escore de eisco GRACE. A an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica foi realizada pelo programa SPSS para Windows vers&#227;o 17. Foram considerados estatisticamente significantes os resultados se os valores de p foram inferiores a 5% (p&lt;0,05) com intervalo de confian&#231;a de 95%.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Resultados</title>
      <p>Foram estudados 878 pacientes com diagn&#243;stico de IAMCSST, dos quais 33,4% eram mulheres. Comparativamente aos homens, as mulheres apresentaram-se mais idosas, a maioria faz parte da classe social E, n&#227;o chegaram a concluir o n&#237;vel superior, sendo que 30% delas nunca estudaram. A etnia predominante foi a n&#227;o branca em ambos os grupos e o servi&#231;o mais utilizado foi o p&#250;blico, conforme pode ser apreciado na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref>.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t1">
        <label>Tabela 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas e cl&#237;nicas dos pacientes com infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio com supradesnivelamento de ST (IAMCSST)</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
          <colgroup width="9%">
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr>
              <th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="2" colspan="2">Demografia</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="2">Total<break/>(N=878)</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="2">Homens<break/>(N=585)</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="2">Mulheres (N=293)</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="2">p valor<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">**</xref></th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle" colspan="2">P&#250;blico</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="2">p valor<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">**</xref></th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle" colspan="2">Privado</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="2">p valor<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">**</xref></th>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" valign="middle">Homens<break/>(N=474)</th>
              <th align="left" valign="middle">Mulheres<break/>(N=250)</th>
              <th align="left" valign="middle">Homens<break/>(N=111)</th>
              <th align="left" valign="middle">Mulheres<break/>(N=43)</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">
                <bold>Idade, anos (m&#233;dia &#177; DP)</bold>
              </td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">61,8&#177;12,2</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">61,0&#177;11,9</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">63,4&#177;12,8</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,004</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">61,1&#177;12,0</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">62,5&#177;12,7</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,115</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">60,5&#177;11,5</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">68,8&#177;12,2</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">
                <bold>Etnia, n (%)</bold>
              </td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="left">Branco</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">311 (36,2)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">204 (35,7)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">107 (37,4)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,616</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">137 (29,5)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">84 (34,6)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,170</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">67 (62,0)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">23 (53,5)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,334</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="left">N&#227;o branco</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">547 (63,8)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">368 (64,3)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">179 (62,6)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">327 (70,5)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">159 (65,4)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">41 (38,0)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">20 (46,5)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2"><bold>Classe social</bold><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN1">*</xref>, <bold>n (%)</bold></td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="left">A+B</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">59 (7,2)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">49 (8,9)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">10 (3,7)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">7 (1,6)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">3 (1,3)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,006</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">42 (39,3)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">7 (17,9)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,049</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="left">C+D</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">342 (41,6)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">245 (44,5)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">97 (35,7)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">188 (42,4)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">70 (30,0)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">57 (53,3)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">27 (69,2)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="left">E</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">412 (51,2)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">256 (46,5)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">165 (60,7)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">248 (56,0)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">160 (68,7)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">8 (7,5)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">5 (12,8)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">
                <bold>Escolaridade, n (%)</bold>
              </td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="left">Nunca estudou</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">217 (24,7)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">129 (22,1)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">88 (30,0)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,012</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">125 (26,4)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">83 (33,2)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,119</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">4 (3,6)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">5 (11,6)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,034</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="left">N&#237;vel fundamental ao m&#233;dio</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">581 (66,2)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">395 (67,5)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">186 (63,5)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">337 (71,1)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">159 (63,6)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">58 (52,3)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">27 (62,8)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="left">N&#237;vel superior</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">80 (9,1)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">61 (10,4)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">19 (6,5)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">12 (2,5)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">8 (3,2)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">49 (44,1)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">11 (25,6)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">
                <bold>Cobertura de sa&#250;de, n (%)</bold>
              </td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="left">P&#250;blico</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">724 (82,5)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">474 (81,0)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">250 (85,3)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,114</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="left">Privado</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">154 (17,5)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">111 (19,0)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">43 (14,7)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">
                <bold>Fatores de risco, n (%)</bold>
              </td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">Diabetes mellitus</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">2909 (33,0)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">167 (28,5)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">123 (42,0)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">133 (28,1)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">103 (41,2)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">34 (30,6)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">20 (46,5)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,064</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">Hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">565 (64,4)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">345 (59,0)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">220 (75,1)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">271 (57,2)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">183 (73,2)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">74 (66,7)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">37 (86,0)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,016</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">Dislipidemia</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">342 (39,0)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">195 (33,3)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">147 (50,2)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">139 (29,3)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">120 (48,0)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">56 (50,5)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">27 (62,8)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,168</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">Tabagismo</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">271 (30,9)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">184 (31,5)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">87 (29,7)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,594</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">172 (36,3)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">82 (32,8)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,350</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">12 (10,8)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">5 (11,6)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,885</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">
                <bold>N&#250;mero de fatores de risco, n(%)</bold>
              </td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="left">0</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">105 (12,0)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">86 (14,7)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">19 (6,5)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">70 (14,8)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">17 (6,8)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">16 (14,4)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">2 (4,7)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,018</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="left">1</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">277 (31,5)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">208 (35,6)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">69 (23,5)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">173 (36,5)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">63 (25,2)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">35 (31,5)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">6 (14,0)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="left">2</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">320 (36,4)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">202 (34,5)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">118 (40,3)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">162 (34,2)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">96 (38,4)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">40 (36,0)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">22 (51,2)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="left">3 ou mais</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">176 (20,0)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">89 (15,2)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">87 (29,7)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">69 (14,6)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">74 (29,6)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">20 (18,0)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">13 (30,2)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">
                <bold>Sintomas de apresenta&#231;&#227;o, n(%)</bold>
              </td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">Dor t&#237;pica</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">766 (87,2)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">515 (88,0)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">251 (85,7)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,321</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">423 (89,2)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">220 (88,0)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,615</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">92 (82,9)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">31 (72,1)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,134</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">Dor at&#237;pica</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">81 (9,2)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">52 (8,9)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">29 (9,9)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,626</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">38 (8,0)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">23 (9,2)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,586</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">14 (12,6)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">6 (14,0)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,824</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">
                <bold>Classifica&#231;&#227;o de KILLIPeE KIMBALL, n(%)</bold>
              </td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">I</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">735 (84,5)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">505 (86,9)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">230 (79,6)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,018</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">407 (86,0)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">198 (80,2)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,129</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">98 (90,7)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">32 (76,2)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,066</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">II</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">102 (11,7)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">57 (9,8)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">45 (15,6)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">52 (11,0)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">38 (15,4)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">5 (4,6)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">7 (16,7)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">III</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">19 (2,2)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">9 (1,5)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">10 (3,5)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">7 (1,5)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">8 (3,2)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">2 (1,9)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">2 (4,8)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">IV</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">14 (1,6)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">10 (1,7)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">4 (1,4)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">7 (1,5)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">3 (1,2)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">3 (2,8)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">1 (2,4)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">
                <bold>Escore de risco ESCORE dE risco GRACE, n(%)</bold>
              </td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">&#8804;140 (baixo risco)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">400 (48,3)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">269 (49,0)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">131 (47,0)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,578</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">223 (50,6)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">155 (48,3)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,576</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">46 (42,6)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">16 (39,0)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,693</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">&gt;140 (alto risco)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">428 (51,7)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">280 (51,0)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">148 (53,0)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">218 (49,4)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">123 (51,7)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">62 (57,4)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">25 (61,0)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN1">
            <label>*</label>
            <p>Classe social (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat&#237;stica) &#8211; A: &gt; 20 sal&#225;rios m&#237;nimos, B: 10-20 sal&#225;rios m&#237;nimos, C: 4-10 sal&#225;rios m&#237;nimos, D: 2-4 sal&#225;rios m&#237;nimos, E: &#8804; 2 sal&#225;rios m&#237;nimos.</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN2">
            <label>**</label>
            <p>homens vs. mulheres</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>Acerca dos aspectos cl&#237;nicos, observou-se que as mulheres, comparativamente aos homens, apresentaram maiores taxas de diabetes mellitus (42% vs 28,5%, p&lt;0,001), hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica (75,1% vs 59%, p&lt;0,001) e dislipidemia (50,2% vs 33,3%, p&lt;0,001) do que os homens. Quanto ao n&#250;mero de fatores de risco, a maioria dos homens apresentam apenas um fator, por&#233;m para a associa&#231;&#227;o de &lt;3 e &#8805;3 fatores de risco as mulheres apresentaram maiores porcentagens. Tais taxas tamb&#233;m se mantiveram com valores mais altos entre as mulheres quando avaliados os g&#234;neros nos servi&#231;os p&#250;blicos e privados (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref>). No que tange &#224; apresenta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica, verifica-se que a maioria dos pacientes apresentou dor t&#237;pica (88 % vs 85,7%, p=0,321), Classifica&#231;&#227;o de Killip e Kimball I (86,9% VS 79,6%, p=0,018) e predomin&#226;ncia alto risco segundo o Escore de Risco GRACE (51% vs 53%, p=0,578), em ambos os g&#234;neros masculino e feminino respectivamente, conforme visto na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref>.</p>
      <p>Com rela&#231;&#227;o ao tempo entre in&#237;cio de sintomas e chegada ao hospital com servi&#231;o de ICP, n&#227;o houve diferen&#231;a significativa entre os sexos no tempo gasto desde o in&#237;cio dos sintomas at&#233; a decis&#227;o de acionar ajuda m&#233;dica, nem no tempo entre a decis&#227;o de chamar assist&#234;ncia m&#233;dica e chegada ao primeiro hospital sem capacidade para realiza&#231;&#227;o de ICP. No entanto, o tempo gasto desde a chegada ao primeiro hospital at&#233; a chegada ao hospital com disponibilidade de ICP foi significativamente maior entre as mulheres que em homens, com mediana de 460h (IQ 233,75-1283,25) e 390h (IQ 215-775), respectivamente. O mesmo foi observado quando somente usu&#225;rios do Sistema &#218;nico de Sa&#250;de foram analisados, com mediana de 535h (IQ330-1565) e 450h (IQ300-1035) entre mulheres e homens, respectivamente. Quando analisado o tempo total gasto entre o in&#237;cio dos sintomas at&#233; a chegada ao hospital com disponibilidade para ICP, observou-se um atraso expressivo para realiza&#231;&#227;o da ICP tanto em homens 545h [(IQ332-1122)] como em mulheres 705h [(IQ 71- 1612,5)]. Esse fato estava claramente associado ao tipo de sistema de sa&#250;de, uma vez que um tempo mais longo foi observado para usu&#225;rios do sistema p&#250;blico em compara&#231;&#227;o aos de servi&#231;o privado [792,5h (456,75-1800) vs. 598h (390-1331,75)]. No servi&#231;o p&#250;blico, o n&#250;mero de mulheres que n&#227;o realizaram reperfus&#227;o foi significativamente maior que no servi&#231;o privado. N&#227;o houve diferen&#231;as significativas entres os sexos quanto ao uso de fibrinol&#237;tico, sucesso da ICP e revasculariza&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Tabela 2</xref>).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t2">
        <label>Tabela 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Acesso ao servi&#231;o de angioplastia, tratamento e desfechos hospitalar dos pacientes com infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio com supradesnivelamento de ST (IAMCSST)</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
          <colgroup width="9%">
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr>
              <th valign="middle" align="left" rowspan="2">Linha temporal</th>
              <th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="2">Total<break/>(N=878)</th>
              <th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="2">Homens<break/>(N=585)</th>
              <th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="2">Mulheres<break/>(N=293)</th>
              <th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="2">p valor<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">**</xref></th>
              <th valign="middle" align="center" colspan="2">P&#250;blico</th>
              <th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="2">p valor<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">**</xref></th>
              <th valign="middle" align="center" colspan="2">Privado</th>
              <th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="2">p valor<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">**</xref></th>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th valign="middle" align="center">Homens<break/>(N=474)</th>
              <th valign="middle" align="center">Mulheres<break/>(N=250)</th>
              <th valign="middle" align="center">Homens<break/>(N=111)</th>
              <th valign="middle" align="center">Mulheres<break/>(N=43)</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left">Tempo do in&#237;cio dos sintomas &#224; decis&#227;o de chamar assist&#234;ncia m&#233;dica, h (Mediana, IIQ)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">30 (13,75-150)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">30 (15-160)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">30 (10-150)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,747</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">30 (15-150)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">30 (10-131,25)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,705</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">60 (15-210)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">50 (15-180)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,846</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left">Tempo da decis&#227;o de chamar assist&#234;ncia m&#233;dica &#224; chegada ao primeiro hospital sem angioplastia, h (mediana, IIQ)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">30 (15-60)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">30 (15-60)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">30 (15-60)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,535</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">30 (20-60)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">30 (19-60)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,611</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">10 (0-30)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0 (0-16,25)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,075</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left">Tempo da chegada ao primeiro hospital &#224; chegada ao hospital com servi&#231;o de angioplastia, h (mediana, IIQ)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">412 (225-940)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">390 (215-775)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">460 (233,75-1283,25)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,024</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">450 (300-1035)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">535 (330-1565)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,024</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">60 (30-200)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">60 (30-135)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,524</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left">Tempo do in&#237;cio dos sintomas &#224; chegada ao hospital com angioplastia, h (mediana, IIQ)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">574,5 (347,75-1292,5)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">545 (332-1122)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">705 (371-1612,5)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,005</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">598 (390-1331,75)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">792,5 (456,75-1800)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,003</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">221 (60-550)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">150 (80-414)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,939</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left">Tratamento</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left">Fibrinol&#237;tico, n (%)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">20 (2,3)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">15 (2,6)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">5 (1,7)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,422</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">14 (3,0)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">4 (1,6)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,266</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">1 (0,9)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">1 (2,3)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,484</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left">ICP<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">*</xref> prim&#225;ria, n (%)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">448 (51,0)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">319 (54,5)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">129 (44,0)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,003</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">234 (49,4)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">95 (38,0)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,003</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">85 (76,6)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">34 (79,1)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,740</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left">Sucesso</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">321 (92,8)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">226 (92,6)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">95 (93,1)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,866</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">153 (91,1)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">67 (91,8)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,858</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">73 (96,1)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">28 (96,6)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,905</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left">Revasculariza&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica, n (%)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">29 (3,3)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">20 (3,4)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">9 (3,1)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,786</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">14 (3,0)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">7 (2,8)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,907</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">6 (5,4)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">2 (4,7)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,850</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left">N&#227;o reperfundidos, n (%)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN4">&#8224;</xref></td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">410 (46,7)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">251 (42,9)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">159 (54,3)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,001</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">226 (47,7)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">151 (60,4)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,001</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">25 (22,5)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">8 (18,6)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,595</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left">Desfecho hospitalar</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left">Mortalidade, n (%)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">86 (9,8)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">39 (6,7)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">47 (16,1)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">37 (7,8)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">42 (16,9)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">2 (1,8)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">5 (11,6)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,009</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left">ICC, n (%)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">110 (12,5)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">60 (10,3)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">50 (17,1)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,004</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">51 (10,8)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">42 (16,9)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,020</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">9 (8,1)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">8 (18,6)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,062</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left">Reinfarto, n (%)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">17 (1,9)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">10 (1,7)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">7 (2,4)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,486</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">9 (1,9)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">5 (2,0)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,919</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">1 (0,9)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">2 (4,7)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,131</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td valign="middle" align="left">Choque, n (%)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">46 (5,2)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">27 (4,6)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">19 (6,5)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,236</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">19 (4,0)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">16 (6,4)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,150</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">8 (7,2)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">3 (7,0)</td>
              <td valign="middle" align="center">0,960</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN3">
            <label>*</label>
            <p>ICP: Interven&#231;&#227;o Coronariana Percut&#226;nea.</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN4">
            <label>&#8224;</label>
            <p>N&#227;o reperfundidos - aqueles que n&#227;o fizeram uso de fibrinol&#237;tico e ICP prim&#225;ria. IIQ &#8211; Intervalo Interquartil, ICC: insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca cr&#244;nica.</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN5">
            <label>**</label>
            <p>homens vs. mulheres</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>Quanto aos desfechos, as mulheres apresentaram maiores taxas de mortalidade hospitalar e de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca congestiva do que os homens tanto quanto avaliado a popula&#231;&#227;o geral, quanto somente os usu&#225;rios do SUS. N&#227;o se observou diferen&#231;as apreci&#225;veis entre os sexos quanto &#224; incid&#234;ncia de re-infarto e de choque cardiog&#234;nico (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Tabela 2</xref>).</p>
      <p>Por&#233;m, a regress&#227;o log&#237;stica entre mortalidade e sexo revelou maior probabilidade de &#243;bito para o sexo feminino [RC=2,54 (IC95%: 1,58-4,06); p&lt;0,001], bem como quando o modelo foi ajustado para cobertura de sa&#250;de [RC=2,47 (IC95%: 1,54-3,96); p&lt;0,001], cobertura de sa&#250;de e idade [RC=2,27 (IC95%: 1,40-3,59); p=0,001], cobertura de sa&#250;de, idade e reperfus&#227;o [RC=2,20 (IC95%: 1,35-3,59); p=0,002] cobertura de sa&#250;de, idade, reperfus&#227;o e escore de risco GRACE [RC=2,36 (IC95%: 1,44-3,88); p=0,001].</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <p>No presente estudo, foi observado que as mulheres apresentaram menor taxa de reperfus&#227;o e maior taxa de mortalidade que os homens. Adicionalmente, a taxa de uso de terapia de reperfus&#227;o foi baixa em ambos os sexos, e significativamente menor entre as mulheres. Diversos estudos nacionais e internacionais chamam aten&#231;&#227;o para as baixas taxas de reperfus&#227;o como um problema crescente, que necessita de estrat&#233;gias urgentes mais eficazes para a implementa&#231;&#227;o dos protocolos assistenciais para tratamento do IAMCSST.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16"><sup>16</sup></xref></p>
      <p>Nossos resultados s&#227;o semelhantes aos j&#225; encontrados em estudos anteriores realizados nas regi&#245;es norte e nordeste do Brasil que relataram uma taxa de reperfus&#227;o em pacientes com IAMCSST de 52,5%.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16"><sup>16</sup></xref> Isso reafirma que estamos longe de alcan&#231;ar os n&#237;veis preconizados de reperfus&#227;o, tal como ocorre em pa&#237;ses desenvolvidos, a exemplo do estudo <italic>STRategical Reperfusion Early After Myocardial infarction</italic> (STREAM) que observou taxas de 98,2% dos pacientes foram tratados e receberam alguma estrat&#233;gia de reperfus&#227;o (tromb&#243;lise com ou sem resgate, ou ICP prim&#225;ria).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17"><sup>17</sup></xref></p>
      <p>Al&#233;m disso, o presente estudo revelou que existe uma desigualdade entre os sexos, com menores taxas de reperfus&#227;o em mulheres quando comparadas aos homens, fato que se intensifica quando a an&#225;lise &#233; feita somente com os usu&#225;rios do SUS. Essa desigualdade tem sido verificada tamb&#233;m em diversos estudos nacionais e internacionais,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18"><sup>18</sup></xref> a exemplo do estudo desenvolvido na China, <italic>Insights From the China Patient-Centered Evalueted Assessment os Cardiac Events</italic> (PEACE), em que as chinesas apresentaram menor taxa de reperfus&#227;o mesmo quando se apresentam prontamente para o tratamento.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> J&#225; o estudo intitulado <italic>Variation in Recovery: Role of Gender on Outcomes of Young AMI Patients</italic> (VIRGO), por sua vez, constatou que, nos Estados Unidos, as mulheres tiveram 2,31 vezes mais chances de n&#227;o receber reperfus&#227;o do que os homens.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18"><sup>18</sup></xref></p>
      <p>Alguns estudos t&#234;m apontado que o maior n&#250;mero de comorbidades e o fato de apresentarem-se com quadro mais grave no momento do diagn&#243;stico de IAMCSST poderiam exp&#244;r as mulheres ao paradoxo risco-tratamento, no qual observa-se que pacientes com maior gravidade recebem menos interven&#231;&#227;o terap&#234;utica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19"><sup>19</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20"><sup>20</sup></xref> Nesses casos, o m&#233;dico pode n&#227;o oferecer tratamento adequado por julgar que a interven&#231;&#227;o seria in&#250;til diante da gravidade do paciente, ou por temer que os efeitos adversos superassem os benef&#237;cios gerados pela interven&#231;&#227;o no paciente com m&#250;ltiplas comorbidades.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19"><sup>19</sup></xref> No estudo PEACE, as mulheres apresentaram mais fatores de risco que os homens, incluindo os avaliados no presente estudo, exceto tabagismo, que foi mais prevalente nos homens.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> A partir dessa perspectiva, o estudo <italic>Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events</italic> relatou que as mulheres eram mais velhas e apresentavam mais comorbidades quanto tratadas com ICP.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20"><sup>20</sup></xref> No presente estudo, as mulheres eram mais velhas e tamb&#233;m apresentaram um maior n&#250;mero de fatores de risco associados e classifica&#231;&#227;o de Classifica&#231;&#227;o de Killip e Kimball mais grave em compara&#231;&#227;o aos homens.</p>
      <p>Quanto ao tempo m&#233;dio gasto entre a chegada ao primeiro hospital e o acesso ao hospital com servi&#231;o de ICP, observou-se no presente estudo um tempo muito superior ao sugerido pela diretriz brasileira<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> quando analisada a popula&#231;&#227;o total. Ao avaliar o tempo m&#233;dio total gasto do in&#237;cio sintomas at&#233; a chegada ao hospital com hemodin&#226;mica estratificando a amostra por sexo, o atraso &#233; ainda maior entre as mulheres, fato que se permanece quando analisado somente os usu&#225;rios do SUS. Assim, o atraso na chegada ao hospital com angioplastia refletiu em baixas taxas de uso de ICP prim&#225;ria na popula&#231;&#227;o geral, com taxas mais baixas nas mulheres quando comparadas aos homens na popula&#231;&#227;o em geral (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 2</xref>) e entre os usu&#225;rios do SUS. J&#225; na avalia&#231;&#227;o dos usu&#225;rios do sistema de sa&#250;de privado, observaram-se valores mais expressivos para realiza&#231;&#227;o de ICP prim&#225;ria no sexo feminino. No Brasil, fatores associados ao servi&#231;o de sa&#250;de, como acesso dif&#237;cil e pouca estrutura, al&#233;m de escolha inadequada do transporte feita pelo paciente, podem contribuir para o acesso inadequado &#224; terap&#234;utica, o que provoca grandes atrasos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21"><sup>21</sup></xref> Ao contr&#225;rio de outros estudos,<sup>12,22,23</sup> no presente estudo. As mulheres n&#227;o apresentaram atrasos significativos, em compara&#231;&#227;o aos homens, na tomada de decis&#227;o de chamar por assist&#234;ncia m&#233;dica.</p>
      <fig id="f2">
        <label>Figura 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Linha temporal para o acesso de pacientes com infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio com supradesnivelamento de ST.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-04-0695-90468-gf02.tif"/></fig>
      <p>Os valores encontrados para o uso do fibrinol&#237;tico foram inferiores ao observado no estudo PEACE, que constatou que em 2011, 26,8% das mulheres e 33,5% dos homens com IAMCSST foram submetidos &#224; fibrin&#243;lise.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> Ademais, o estudo intitulado <italic>Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Occluded Coronary Arteries</italic> (GUSTO I) relatou uma maior taxa de mortalidade e de complica&#231;&#245;es entre mulheres ap&#243;s fibrin&#243;lise, quando comparadas com as volunt&#225;rias submetidas &#224; ICP,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24"><sup>24</sup></xref> visto que o uso precoce de trombol&#237;tico, quando bem indicado, reduz a mortalidade em ambos os sexos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref> No entanto, existem diversas barreiras ao uso desta terapia, uma vez que as mulheres apresentam mais contra indica&#231;&#245;es ao m&#233;todo e maiores riscos de complica&#231;&#245;es com sua utiliza&#231;&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref></p>
      <p>Em um estudo americano realizado em 2018, a mortalidade dentro de 30 dias p&#243;s-IAMCSST no sexo feminino foi de 10,7% e de 4,6% no sexo masculino (p = 0,002).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25"><sup>25</sup></xref> No presente estudo, as mulheres apresentaram taxas de mortalidade hospitalar e de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca p&#243;s-isquemia significativamente maiores que os homens. Os registros GUSTO I<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24"><sup>24</sup></xref> e ACC-NCDR<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref> (<italic>National Cardiovascular Data Registry- American College of Cardiology</italic>) corroboram a informa&#231;&#227;o e mostram que as mulheres est&#227;o mais propensas a evolu&#237;rem com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca secund&#225;ria a IAM. Contudo, a associa&#231;&#227;o dos fatores de risco, maior demora para apresentar-se ao hospital com servi&#231;o de ICP, e idade de manifesta&#231;&#227;o da doen&#231;a tamb&#233;m pode ter impactado na maior taxa de mortalidade,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref> al&#233;m do maior tempo de tratamento<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26"><sup>26</sup></xref> e menor acesso ao tratamento adequado.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref></p>
      <p>O presente estudo trouxe a avalia&#231;&#227;o entre os servi&#231;os p&#250;blicos e privados, que revelou piores resultados para os usu&#225;rios do servi&#231;o p&#250;blico, principalmente entre as mulheres. Ainda, nossos achados apontam para o fato de que n&#227;o h&#225; pol&#237;ticas p&#250;blicas sobre o acesso de pacientes com IAMCSST a um tratamento adequado.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Limita&#231;&#245;es</title>
        <p>O presente estudo apresenta algumas limita&#231;&#245;es que incluem o baixo n&#237;vel social e educacional dos participantes, especialmente entre os usu&#225;rios do SUS, que podem ter comprometido o autorrelato do hist&#243;rico m&#233;dico. A coleta do tempo porta-bal&#227;o foi comprometida pela falta de registro dos tempos nos prontu&#225;rios, especialmente no servi&#231;o p&#250;blico. Al&#233;m disso, foram estudados somente mortalidade e desfechos hospitalares, e n&#227;o houve acompanhamento ap&#243;s a alta para avaliar se houve disparidades entre os g&#234;neros no tocante ao progn&#243;stico ap&#243;s a interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
      <p>Observou-se no presente estudo disparidades entre os g&#234;neros, com menor taxa de ICP prim&#225;ria e maior mortalidade hospitalar entre as mulheres. A baixa utiliza&#231;&#227;o da ICP prim&#225;ria foi provavelmente uma das vari&#225;veis respons&#225;vel pela maior mortalidade nas mulheres. As baixas taxas de reperfus&#227;o nas mulheres, tanto na popula&#231;&#227;o em geral como somente nos usu&#225;rios do SUS, foram diretamente associadas a um atraso na chegada ao hospital com servi&#231;o de hemodin&#226;mica, visto que a reperfus&#227;o precoce &#233; o ponto chave do tratamento. Tais achados apontam a necessidade de estrat&#233;gias de melhorias no acesso das mulheres portadoras de IAMCSST a estrat&#233;gias eficazes de tratamento.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn1">
        <p>
          <bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>
        </p>
        <p>O presente estudo foi financiado pelo CNPq, n&#250;mero 14/2013.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
        <p>
          <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
        </p>
        <p>Este artigo &#233; parte de tese de Doutorado de Jussiely Cunha Oliveira pela Universidade Federal de Sergipe.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn3">
        <p>
          <bold>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</bold>
        </p>
        <p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica da Universidade Federal de Sergipe sob o n&#250;mero de protocolo 483.749. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo est&#227;o de acordo com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013. O consentimento informado foi obtido de todos os participantes inclu&#237;dos no estudo.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Access to Reperfusion Therapy and Mortality in Women with ST-Segment&#8211;Elevation Myocardial Infarction: VICTIM Register</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6782-8994</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Jussiely Cunha</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Barros</surname>
            <given-names>Mayse Pereira Souza</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7253-806X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Barreto</surname>
            <given-names>Ikaro Daniel de Carvalho</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Rubens Cruz</given-names>
            <suffix>Filho</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1358-0406</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Andrade</surname>
            <given-names>Volfanio Ara&#250;jo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Andr&#233; de Melo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8022-3727</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Lima</surname>
            <given-names>Ticiane Clair Remacre Munareto</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3578-6379</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Jeferson Cunha</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">
            <sup>5</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Arcelino</surname>
            <given-names>Larissa Andreline Maia</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15">
            <sup>6</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>La&#237;s Costa Souza</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14">
            <sup>5</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8545-5677</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Santana-Santos</surname>
            <given-names>Eduesley</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Almeida-Santos</surname>
            <given-names>Marcos Ant&#244;nio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16">
            <sup>7</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4158-9726</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Sousa</surname>
            <given-names>Ant&#244;nio Carlos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff17">
            <sup>8</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff18">
            <sup>9</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4884-3379</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Barreto</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; Augusto Soares</given-names>
            <suffix>Filho</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff17">
            <sup>8</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff10">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Crist&#243;v&#227;o</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SE</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Sergipe - N&#250;cleo de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de, S&#227;o Crist&#243;v&#227;o, SE - Brazil.</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff11">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Crist&#243;v&#227;o</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SE</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Sergipe - N&#250;cleo de P&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o em Enfermagem, S&#227;o Crist&#243;v&#227;o, SE - Brazil.</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff12">
          <label>3</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Crist&#243;v&#227;o</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SE</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Sergipe &#8211; Medicina, S&#227;o Crist&#243;v&#227;o, SE - Brazil.</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff13">
          <label>4</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Recife</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">PE</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - N&#250;cleo de P&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o em biometria e estat&#237;stica aplicada, Recife, PE - Brazil.</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff14">
          <label>5</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Aracaju</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SE</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Primavera, Aracaju, SE - Brazil.</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff15">
          <label>6</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Aracaju</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SE</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Universit&#225;rio da Universidade Federal de Sergipe (HU-UFS), Aracaju, SE - Brazil.</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff16">
          <label>7</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Aracaju</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SE</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Programa de P&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o em Sa&#250;de e Ambiente da Universidade Tiradentes, Aracaju, SE - Brazil.</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff17">
          <label>8</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Aracaju</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SE</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Funda&#231;&#227;o S&#227;o Lucas - Centro de Ensino e Pesquisa, Aracaju, SE - Brazil.</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff18">
          <label>9</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Crist&#243;v&#227;o</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SE</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Sergipe - Divis&#227;o de Cardiologia do Hospital Universit&#225;rio, S&#227;o Crist&#243;v&#227;o, SE - Brazil.</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Jussiely Cunha Oliveira</bold> &#8226; Universidade Federal de Sergipe - Cidade Univ. Prof. Jos&#233; Alo&#237;sio de Campos Av. Marechal Rondon, s/n. Postal Code <postal-code>49100-000</postal-code>, Jd. Rosa Elze, S&#227;o Crist&#243;v&#227;o, SE &#8211; Brazil. E-mail: <email>jussiely@hotmail.com</email></corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Oliveira JC, Barros MPS, Oliveira JC, Arcelino LAM, Barreto-Filho JAS; Almeida-Santos MA. Acquisition of data: Oliveira JC, Barros MPS, Silva Filho RC, Andrade VA, Oliveira AM, Lima TCRM, Oliveira JC, Arcelino LAM, Oliveira LCS; Analysis and interpretation of the data: Oliveira JC, Barros MPS, Barreto IDC, Oliveira AM, Lima TCRM, Oliveira JC, Arcelino LAM, Sousa AC, Barreto-Filho JAS; Almeida-Santos MA. Statistical analysis: Barreto IDC, Santana-Santos E, Barreto-Filho JAS; Almeida-Santos MA. Obtaining financing: Oliveira JC, Oliveira LCS, Barreto-Filho JAS; Almeida-Santos MA. Writing of the manuscript: Oliveira JC, Barros MPS, Barreto IDC, Silva Filho RC, Oliveira AM, Lima TCRM, Barreto-Filho JAS; Almeida-Santos MA. Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Barros MPS, Barreto IDC, Silva Filho RC, Andrade VA, Oliveira AM, Lima TCRM, Oliveira JC, Arcelino LAM, Oliveira LCS, Santana-Santos E, Sousa AC, Barreto-Filho JAS.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background:</title>
          <p>Myocardial reperfusion is a fundamental part of the treatment for ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and is responsible for reducing morbidity and mortality in affected patients. However, reperfusion rates are usually lower and mortality rates higher in women compared to men.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objectives:</title>
          <p>To evaluate the prevalence of the use of reperfusion therapies among women and men with STEMI in hospitals where percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is available in the state of Sergipe.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p>This is a cross-sectional study that used data from the VICTIM Register. Patients diagnosed with STEMI admitted to the four hospitals (one public and three private) where PCI is available in the state of Sergipe were evaluated, from December 2014 to June 2018. A multivariate analysis with adjusted model using mortality as a dependent variable was made. In all analyses, the level of significance adopted was 5% (p &lt; 0.05).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>A total of 878 volunteers with a confirmed diagnosis of STEMI, of which 33.4% were women, were included in the study. Only 53.3% of the patients underwent myocardial reperfusion (134 women versus 334 men). Fibrinolysis was performed only in 2.3% of all patients (1.7% of women versus 2.6% of men; p = 0.422). The rate of primary PCI was lower (44% versus 54.5%; p = 0.003) and hospital mortality was higher (16.1% versus 6.7%; p &lt; 0.001) in women than in men.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion:</title>
          <p>Women have significantly lower rates of primary PCI and higher hospital mortality. Reperfusion rates were low in both sexes and there was a clear underutilization of thrombolytic agents.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Myocardial Infarction</kwd>
        <kwd>Women</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial Reperfusion</kwd>
        <kwd>Percutaneous Coronary Intervention</kwd>
        <kwd>Morbimortality</kwd>
        <kwd>Gender and Health</kwd>
        <kwd>Healthcare Disparities</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <award-group>
          <funding-source>CNPq</funding-source>
          <award-id>14/2013</award-id>
        </award-group>
        <funding-statement>This study was funded by CNPq, number 14/2013.</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>Early myocardial reperfusion is the mainstay of the treatment of acute myocardial infarction with ST elevation (STEMI) and its use is associated with better prognosis.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> However, in different parts of the world, women have presented lower reperfusion rates than men.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref></p>
        <p>Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is currently considered the gold standard treatment for STEMI because it has better success rates, a higher frequency of complete reperfusion (TIMI grade 3) and a lower incidence of recurrent ischemia, reinfarction and death when compared to fibrinolysis. The procedure is indicated for patients with STEMI who may have access to therapy within 90 minutes of diagnosis, in addition to those who have contraindications to the use of fibrinolytic drugs or in cardiogenic shock. Its use is beneficial if performed within 12 hours of the onset of pain, or up to 24 hours after diagnosis, if ischemia persists. The use of fibrinolytic drugs is of fundamental importance for patients who will not have timely access to PCI and patients in the prehospital environment.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref></p>
        <p>Despite the proven relevance of early coronary reperfusion therapy, several studies have shown disparities between sexes when it comes to the approach for patients with STEMI.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> Women have lower rates of PCI and fibrinolysis than men<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> as well as more complications associated with reperfusion therapy.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref> In women, the prognosis after ischemia is worse than in men, possibly reflecting a less aggressive therapeutic approach.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref></p>
        <p>This study aimed to assess the prevalence of the use of reperfusion therapies among women and men with STEMI in hospitals where PCI is available in the state of Sergipe.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="materials|methods">
        <title>Materials and methods</title>
        <p>This is a cross-sectional study that used data from the VICTIM Register<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref> - Via Crucis for Treatment of Myocardial Infarction, collected from December 2014 to June 2018, in the four hospitals in Sergipe where PCI is available. All institutions are located in the capital; only one of them serves public service users and is renowned for its performance in the treatment of STEMI. The other institutions are private and offer assistance on demand.</p>
        <p>The collection was carried out by the researchers using their own research questionnaire which was composed of the following variables: age, ethnicity, social class, education, health coverage, risk factors, symptoms at presentation, Killip and Kimball classification, GRACE risk score; data regarding the time elapsed between the onset of symptoms and the decision to call for help, the decision to call for help to arrival at the first hospital without angioplasty, time from the first hospital to the hospital with angioplasty, and the total time elapsed since the onset of symptoms until arrival at the hospital with angioplasty; use of fibrinolytic treatments, PCI or coronary artery bypass grafting, in addition to clinical course of patients during hospitalization after AMI regarding mortality, chronic heart failure, re-infarction, or shock. The information was collected through interviews with the patient or caregiver and from patients&#8217; medical records.</p>
        <p>The study included all patients over 18 years of age admitted to the above-mentioned hospitals after confirmation of STEMI by an electrocardiogram, and according to the V Brazilian Society of Cardiology guidelines,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> which suggests the presence of at least one of the following five criteria for confirmation of the diagnosis of infarction: symptoms of myocardial ischemia such as chest pain; changes in the ST segment/T wave or complete left bundle branch block; development of pathological Q waves on the ECG; imaging evidence of loss of viable myocardium or wall motion abnormalities; or the identification of an intracoronary thrombus by angiography or autopsy. In addition, patients signed an informed consent form before inclusion in the study.</p>
        <p>Patients who died before the interview, patients who were not eligible for inclusion in the Via Crucis, that is, who were hospitalized for other causes when STEMI was detected and hence did not go through the timeline from the onset of out-of-hospital symptoms until arrival at the hospital with PCI; patients who did not sign the informed consent form; who suffered reinfarction within 28 days after the incident myocardial infarction; patients who had a change in diagnosis, that is, those who were admitted for STEMI, but were identified with another problem after the exams; and patients assisted by a health plan seen in a philanthropic hospital (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figure 1</xref>) were excluded from the study. Data collection was carried out consecutively in the selected institutions.</p>
        <fig id="f3">
          <label>Figure 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Flowchart of excluded patients; STEMI: ST elevation myocardial infarction.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-04-0695-90468-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
        <p>This research was approved by research ethics committee of the Federal University of Sergipe (UFS) (approval number 483,749).</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Statistical analysis</title>
          <p>Categorical variables were described using absolute and relative frequency, and continuous variables were described using mean and standard deviation or median and interquartile range, according to the normality of the data. To assess differences in measures of central tendency, the Shapiro-Wilk test was first applied to assess the adherence of continuous variables to the normal distribution, and when the validity of this assumption was confirmed, the Student&#8217;s t test was used for independent samples; otherwise, the Mann-Whitney test was used. Categorical variables were assessed using Pearson&#8217;s X<sup>2</sup> test. In the multivariate analysis, a simple logistic regression was used; mortality was the outcome and sex was the independent variable. The model was adjusted for health coverage, age, reperfusion and GRACE Risk Score. The statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software for Windows version 17; results were considered statistically significant if p-values were less than 0.05, with 95% confidence interval.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Results</title>
        <p>A total of 878 patients (33.4% women) diagnosed with STEMI were studied. Compared to men, women were older, most belonged to lower social class, did not finish college, and 30% never went to school. The predominant ethnic group was non-white in both groups and the most used service was the public service, as can be seen in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Table 1</xref>.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t3">
          <label>Table 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <colgroup width="9%">
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="2" colspan="2">Demography</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="2">Total<break/>(N = 878)</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="2">Men<break/>(N = 585)</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="2">Women<break/>(N = 293)</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="2">p value<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN7">**</xref></th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle" colspan="2">Public</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="2">p value<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN7">**</xref></th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle" colspan="2">Private</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="2">p value<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN7">**</xref></th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" valign="middle">Men<break/>(N = 474)</th>
                <th align="left" valign="middle">Women<break/>(N = 250)</th>
                <th align="left" valign="middle">Men<break/>(N = 111)</th>
                <th align="left" valign="middle">Women<break/>(N = 43)</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">Age, years (mean &#177; SD)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">61.8&#177;12.2</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">61.0&#177;11.9</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">63.4&#177;12.8</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.004</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">61.1&#177;12.0</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">62.5&#177;12.7</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.115</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">60.5&#177;11.5</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">68.8&#177;12.2</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">
                  <bold>Ethnicity, n (%)</bold>
                </td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">White</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">311 (36.2)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">204 (35.7)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">107 (37.4)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.616</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">137 (29.5)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">84 (34.6)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.170</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">67 (62.0)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">23 (53.5)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.334</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">Non-white</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">547 (63.8)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">368 (64.3)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">179 (62.6)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">327 (70.5)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">159 (65.4)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">41 (38.0)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">20 (46.5)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2"><bold>Social class</bold><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN6">*</xref>, n (%)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">A + B</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">59 (7.2)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">49 (8.9)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">10 (3.7)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">7 (1.6)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">3 (1.3)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.006</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">42 (39.3)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">7 (17.9)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.049</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">C + D</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">342 (41.6)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">245 (44.5)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">97 (35.7)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">188 (42.4)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">70 (30.0)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">57 (53.3)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">27 (69.2)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">E</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">412 (51.2)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">256 (46.5)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">165 (60.7)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">248 (56.0)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">160 (68.7)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">8 (7.5)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">5 (12.8)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">
                  <bold>Schooling, n (%)</bold>
                </td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">Never went to school</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">217 (24.7)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">129 (22.1)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">88 (30.0)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.012</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">125 (26.4)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">83 (33.2)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.119</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">4 (3.6)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">5 (11.6)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.034</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">Primary to secondary school</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">581 (66.2)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">395 (67.5)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">186 (63.5)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">337 (71.1)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">159 (63.6)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">58 (52.3)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">27 (62.8)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">Higher education</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">80 (9.1)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">61 (10.4)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">19 (6.5)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">12 (2.5)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">8 (3.2)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">49 (44.1)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">11 (25.6)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">
                  <bold>Health coverage, n (%)</bold>
                </td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">Public</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">724 (82.5)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">474 (81.0)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">250 (85.3)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.114</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">Private</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">154 (17.5)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">111 (19.0)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">43 (14.7)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">
                  <bold>Risk factors, n (%)</bold>
                </td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">Diabetes mellitus</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">2909 (33.0)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">167 (28.5)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">123 (42.0)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">133 (28.1)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">103 (41.2)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">34 (30.6)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">20 (46.5)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.064</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">Systemic arterial hypertension</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">565 (64.4)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">345 (59.0)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">220 (75.1)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">271 (57.2)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">183 (73.2)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">74 (66.7)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">37 (86.0)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.016</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">Dyslipidemia</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">342 (39.0)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">195 (33.3)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">147 (50.2)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">139 (29.3)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">120 (48.0)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">56 (50.5)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">27 (62.8)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.168</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">Smoking</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">271 (30.9)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">184 (31.5)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">87 (29.7)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.594</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">172 (36.3)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">82 (32.8)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.350</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">12 (10.8)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">5 (11.6)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.885</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">
                  <bold>Number of risk factors, n (%)</bold>
                </td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">0</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">105 (12.0)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">86 (14.7)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">19 (6.5)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">70 (14.8)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">17 (6.8)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">16 (14.4)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">2 (4.7)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.018</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">1</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">277 (31.5)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">208 (35.6)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">69 (23.5)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">173 (36.5)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">63 (25.2)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">35 (31.5)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">6 (14.0)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">2</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">320 (36.4)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">202 (34.5)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">118 (40.3)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">162 (34.2)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">96 (38.4)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">40 (36.0)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">22 (51.2)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">3 or more</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">176 (20.0)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">89 (15.2)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">87 (29.7)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">69 (14.6)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">74 (29.6)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">20 (18.0)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">13 (30.2)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">
                  <bold>Presentation symptoms, n (%)</bold>
                </td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">Typical pain</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">766 (87.2)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">515 (88.0)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">251 (85.7)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.321</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">423 (89.2)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">220 (88.0)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.615</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">92 (82.9)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">31 (72.1)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.134</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">Atypical pain</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">81 (9.2)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">52 (8.9)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">29 (9.9)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.626</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">38 (8.0)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">23 (9.2)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.586</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">14 (12.6)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">6 (14.0)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.824</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">
                  <bold>KILLIP AND KIMBALL CLASSIFICATION, n (%)</bold>
                </td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">I</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">735 (84.5)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">505 (86.9)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">230 (79.6)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.018</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">407 (86.0)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">198 (80.2)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.129</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">98 (90.7)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">32 (76.2)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.066</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">II</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">102 (11.7)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">57 (9.8)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">45 (15.6)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">52 (11.0)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">38 (15.4)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">5 (4.6)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">7 (16.7)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">III</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">19 (2.2)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">9 (1.5)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">10 (3.5)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">7 (1.5)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">8 (3.2)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">2 (1.9)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">2 (4.8)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">IV</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">14 (1.6)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">10 (1.7)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">4 (1.4)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">7 (1.5)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">3 (1.2)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">3 (2.8)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">1 (2.4)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">
                  <bold>GRACE RISK SCORE, n (%)</bold>
                </td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">&#8804; 140 (low risk)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">400 (48.3)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">269 (49.0)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">131 (47.0)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.578</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">223 (50.6)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">155 (48.3)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.576</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">46 (42.6)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">16 (39.0)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.693</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left" colspan="2">&gt; 140 (high risk</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">428 (51.7)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">280 (51.0)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">148 (53.0)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">218 (49.4)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">123 (51.7)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">62 (57.4)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">25 (61.0)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN6">
              <label>*</label>
              <p>Social class (IBGE) - A: &gt; 20 minimum wages, B: 10-20 minimum wages, C: 4-10 minimum wages, D: 2-4 minimum wages, E: &#8804; 2 minimum wages.</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN7">
              <label>**</label>
              <p>men vs. women.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Regarding the time from symptom onset to arrival at the hospital where PCI was available, no significant difference between sexes was observed in the time spent from the onset of symptoms to the decision to call for medical help, or in the time between the decision to call medical help and arrival at the first hospital without capacity to perform PCI. However, the time spent from presentation at the first hospital to arrival at the hospital where PCI was available was significantly longer for women than men, with a median of 460 h (IQ 233.75-1283.25) and 390 h (IQ 215- 775), respectively. The same was observed when only users of the Unified Health System (SUS) were analyzed, with a median of 535h (IQ 330-1565) and 450h (IQ 300-1035) for women and men, respectively. As for the total time spent between the onset of symptoms and arrival at the hospital where PCI was available, there was a significant delay to treatment in both men [545h (IQ332-1122)] and women 705h [(IQ 71-1612.5)]. This was clearly associated with the type of health system, as the time was longer for users of the public system compared with users of the private one [792.5h (456.75-1800) and 598h (390-1331.75), respectively]. In addition, in the public service, the number of women who were not reperfused was significantly greater than in the private service. No differences were found in the use of fibrinolytic agents, success of PCI, and coronary artery bypass grafting between men and women (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Table 2</xref>).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t4">
          <label>Table 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Access to the angioplasty service, treatment and hospital outcomes of patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <colgroup width="9%">
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="2">Timeline</th>
                <th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="2">Total<break/>(N = 878)</th>
                <th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="2">Men<break/>(N = 585)</th>
                <th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="2">Women<break/>(N = 293)</th>
                <th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="2">p value<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN10">**</xref></th>
                <th align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">Public</th>
                <th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="2">p value<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN10">**</xref></th>
                <th align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">Private</th>
                <th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="2">p value<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN10">**</xref></th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" valign="middle">Men<break/>(N = 474)</th>
                <th align="left" valign="middle">Women<break/>(N = 250)</th>
                <th align="left" valign="middle">Men<break/>(N = 111)</th>
                <th align="left" valign="middle">Women<break/>(N = 43)</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">Time from symptom onset to decision to call for help, h (median, IIQ)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">30 (13.75-150)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">30 (15-160)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">30 (10-150)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.747</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">30 (15-150)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">30 (10-131.25)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.705</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">60 (15-210)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">50 (15-180)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.846</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">Time from decision to call for help to arrival at the first hospital, h (median, IIQ)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">30 (15-60)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">30 (15-60)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">30 (15-60)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.535</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">30 (20-60)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">30 (19-60)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.611</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">10 (0-30)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0 (0-16.25)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.075</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">Time from arrival at the first hospital to arrival at the hospital with angioplasty service, h (median, IIQ)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">412 (225-940)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">390 (215-775)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">460 (233.75-1283.25)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.024</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">450 (300-1035)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">535 (330-1565)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.024</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">60 (30-200)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">60 (30-135)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.524</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">Time from symptom onset to arrival at the hospital with angioplasty, h (median, IIQ)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">574.5 (347.75-1292.5)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">545 (332-1122)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">705 (371-1612.5)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.005</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">598 (390-1331.75)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">792.5 (456.75-1800)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.003</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">221 (60-550)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">150 (80-414)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.939</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">
                  <bold>Treatment</bold>
                </td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">Fibrinolytic agent, n (%)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">20 (2.3)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">15 (2.6)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">5 (1.7)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.422</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">14 (3.0)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">4 (1.6)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.266</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">1 (0.9)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">1 (2.3)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.484</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">Primary PCI<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN8">*</xref>, n (%)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">448 (51.0)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">319 (54.5)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">129 (44.0)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.003</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">234 (49.4)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">95 (38.0)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.003</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">85 (76.6)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">34 (79.1)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.740</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">Success</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">321 (92.8)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">226 (92.6)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">95 (93.1)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.866</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">153 (91.1)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">67 (91.8)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.858</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">73 (96.1)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">28 (96.6)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.905</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">Coronary artery bypass grafting, n (%)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">29 (3.3)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">20 (3.4)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">9 (3.1)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.786</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">14 (3.0)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">7 (2.8)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.907</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">6 (5.4)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">2 (4.7)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.850</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">Not reperfused, n (%) <xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN9">&#8224;</xref></td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">410 (46.7)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">251 (42.9)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">159 (54.3)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.001</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">226 (47.7)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">151 (60.4)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.001</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">25 (22.5)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">8 (18.6)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.595</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">
                  <bold>Hospital outcome</bold>
                </td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
                <td valign="middle" align="center"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">Mortality, n (%)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">86 (9.8)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">39 (6.7)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">47 (16.1)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">37 (7.8)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">42 (16.9)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">2 (1.8)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">5 (11.6)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.009</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">CHF, n (%)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">110 (12.5)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">60 (10.3)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">50 (17.1)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.004</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">51 (10.8)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">42 (16.9)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.020</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">9 (8.1)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">8 (18.6)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.062</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">Reinfarction, n (%)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">17 (1.9)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">10 (1.7)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">7 (2.4)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.486</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">9 (1.9)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">5 (2.0)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.919</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">1 (0.9)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">2 (4.7)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.131</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td valign="middle" align="left">Shock, n (%)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">46 (5.2)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">27 (4.6)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">19 (6.5)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.236</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">19 (4.0)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">16 (6.4)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.150</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">8 (7.2)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">3 (7.0)</td>
                <td valign="middle" align="center">0.960</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN8">
              <label>*</label>
              <p>PCI: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN9">
              <label>&#8224;</label>
              <p>Not reperfused - those who did not use fibrinolytic agent and primary PCI. IIQ - Interquartile Interval; CHF: chronic heart failure;</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN10">
              <label>**</label>
              <p>men vs. women</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>However, the logistic regression between mortality and sex revealed a higher likelihood of death in the female sex [CR = 2.54 (95% CI: 1.58-4.06); p &lt; 0.001], as well as when adjusted for health coverage [CR = 2.47 (95% CI: 1.54-3.96); p &lt; 0.001], health coverage and age [CR = 2.27 (95% CI: 1.40-3.59); p = 0.001], health coverage, age and reperfusion [CR = 2.20 (95% CI: 1.35-3.59); p = 0.002], health coverage, age, reperfusion and GRACE risk score [CR = 2.36 (95% CI: 1.44-3.88); p = 0.001].</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <p>In the present study, lower reperfusion rates and higher mortality rates were observed in women than in men. Moreover, the rate of use of reperfusion therapy was low in both sexes, and significantly lower in women. Several national and international studies have called attention to the low rates of reperfusion as a growing problem, and thus more effective strategies for the implementation of care protocols for the treatment of STEMI are urgently required.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16"><sup>16</sup></xref></p>
        <p>The present findings are similar to those of previous studies carried out in the north and northeast of Brazil reporting a reperfusion rate in patients with STEMI of 52.5%.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16"><sup>16</sup></xref> This confirms that we are far from meeting the recommendations on reperfusion rates, such as observed in developed countries. For example, the STRategical Reperfusion Early After Myocardial infarction (STREAM) study observed rates as high as 98.2% of patients treated and receiving some reperfusion strategy (thrombolysis with or without rescue or primary PCI) in a developed country.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17"><sup>17</sup></xref></p>
        <p>The present study also revealed an inequality between sexes, with lower rates of reperfusion in women when compared to men, especially when analyzing data from SUS users. Such inequality was also verified in several national and international studies,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18"><sup>18</sup></xref> such as the study conducted in China &#8211; Insights From the China Patient-Centered Evaluated Assessment the Cardiac Events (PEACE) &#8211; in which Chinese women had lower reperfusion rates even when they were promptly referred for treatment.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> The study entitled Variation in Recovery: Role of Gender on Outcomes of Young AMI Patients (VIRGO) found that, in the United States, women were 2.31 times more likely to not receive reperfusion than men.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18"><sup>18</sup></xref></p>
        <p>Some studies have pointed out that the greater number of comorbidities and the fact of having a more severe condition at the time of the diagnosis of STEMI could expose women to the risk-treatment paradox, in which it is observed that patients with a more severe condition receive less therapeutic interventions.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19"><sup>19</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20"><sup>20</sup></xref> In these cases, the physician may not offer adequate treatment because he believes that the intervention will be useless in view of the patient&#8217;s severe state, or because he fears that the adverse effects will outweigh the benefits generated by the intervention in the patient with multiple comorbidities.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19"><sup>19</sup></xref> In the PEACE study, women had a higher frequency of risk factors than men, including those assessed in the present study, except smoking, which was more prevalent among men.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> From this perspective, the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events study found that women were older and had more comorbidities when treated with PCI.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20"><sup>20</sup></xref> Accordingly, in the present study, women were older, and had a higher number of associated risk factors and a more severe Killip and Kimball classification than men.</p>
        <p>As for the average time spent between arrival at the first hospital and access to the hospital with PCI service, a much longer time than that suggested by the Brazilian guideline<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> was observed when analyzing the total population. Analysis of the average time from symptom onset to arrival at the hospital with hemodynamics, stratified by sex, treatment delay was even greater among women, which was maintained in the analysis of SUS users only. Thus, the delay to arrive at the hospital with angioplasty reflected in low rates of use of primary PCI in the general population, with lower rates in women when compared with men in the general population (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figure 2</xref>) and among SUS users. In the evaluation of users of private health services, more expressive values were observed for the performance of primary PCI in females. In Brazil, factors associated with health service, such as difficult access and little structure, besides the inadequate choice of transportation made by patients, can contribute to inadequate access to therapy, leading to long delays.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21"><sup>21</sup></xref> Contrary to other reports,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22"><sup>22</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23"><sup>23</sup></xref> in the present study, women did not experience significant delays, compared to men, when making a decision to call for help.</p>
        <fig id="f4">
          <label>Figure 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Timeline of access to treatment of patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-04-0695-90468-gf02-en.tif"/></fig>
        <p>Values found for the use of fibrinolytic agents were lower than those observed in the PEACE study, which found that in 2011, 26.8% of women and 33.5% of men with STEMI were submitted to fibrinolysis.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> Furthermore, the study entitled Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Occluded Coronary Arteries (GUSTO I) reported a higher rate of mortality and complications among women after fibrinolysis when compared with the volunteers submitted to PCI,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24"><sup>24</sup></xref> since the early thrombolytic therapy, with due indication, reduces mortality in both sexes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref> However, there are several barriers to the use of this therapy, since women have more contraindications to this method and greater risks of complications.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref></p>
        <p>In an American study conducted in 2018, mortality within 30 days after STEMI was 10.7% in women and 4.6% in men (p = 0.002).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25"><sup>25</sup></xref> In the present study, women had significantly higher rates of hospital mortality and post-ischemic heart failure than men. The GUSTO I<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24"><sup>24</sup></xref> and ACC-NCDR<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref>(National Cardiovascular Data Registry- American College of Cardiology) records corroborate the information and show that women are more likely to develop heart failure following AMI. However, the association of risk factors, greater delay in reach the hospital with PCI service, and age of appearance of the condition may also have impacted the higher mortality rate,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref> in addition to the longer time spent receiving treatment<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26"><sup>26</sup></xref> and less access to adequate treatment.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref></p>
        <p>The present study brought an assessment between public and private services, which revealed worse results for users of the public service, especially among women. In addition, our findings point to an absence of public policies regarding adequate access of patients with STEMI to adequate treatment.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Limitations</title>
          <p>The present study has some limitations that include the low social and educational level of participants, especially among SUS users, which may have compromised the self-reporting of their medical history. The collection of data on door-to-balloon time was compromised by the lack of information of times in the medical records, especially in the public service. In addition, only mortality and hospital outcomes were studied and there was no follow-up after discharge to assess whether there were disparities between sexes regarding prognosis after hospitalization.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclusion</title>
        <p>Disparities between sexes were observed in the present study with lower rates of primary PCI and higher rates of hospital mortality among women. The low use of primary PCI was probably one of the variables responsible for the higher mortality in women. The low rates of reperfusion in women, both considering the general population and in SUS users only, were directly associated with delayed arrival at the hospital with hemodynamic service, since early reperfusion is the key point of treatment. Such findings point to the need for strategies to improve access of women with STEMI to effective therapeutic strategies.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn4">
          <p>
            <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
          </p>
          <p>This study was funded by CNPq, number 14/2013.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn5">
          <p>
            <bold>Study Association</bold>
          </p>
          <p>This article is part of the thesis of Doctoral submitted by Jussiely Cunha Oliveira, from Universidade Federal de Sergipe.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn6">
          <p>
            <bold>Ethics approval and consent to participate</bold>
          </p>
          <p>This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Universidade Federal de Sergipe under the protocol number 483.749. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
