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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">JFQGsf6mWXgtg8JWpqj3jXM</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00511</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2021000400511</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20200972</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20200972</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Imagem</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Infarto Agudo do Mioc&#225;rdio com Trombose Coron&#225;ria em um Paciente com Covid-19 sem Fatores de Risco para Doen&#231;a Cardiovascular</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1194-8246</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Viana</surname>
            <given-names>Tain&#225;</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bezerra</surname>
            <given-names>Mariana Lins Baptista Guedes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3927-778X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Melo</surname>
            <given-names>Rodrigo Morel Vieira de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4762-0579</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Bezerra</surname>
            <given-names>Cristiano Guedes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7396-989X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Mam&#233;dio</surname>
            <given-names>V&#237;tor</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Dourado</surname>
            <given-names>Gabriela Pio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Figueiredo</surname>
            <given-names>Clara Salles</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Passos</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Carlos Santana</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal da Bahia</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Salvador</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Ana Nery</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Salvador</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Ana Nery, Salvador, BA - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Tain&#225; Viana</bold> &#8226; Universidade Federal da Bahia - Departamento de Medicina Rua Dom Jo&#227;o VI, 800 Cond. P&#225;tio Jardins, torre A, 1504 Salvador <postal-code>40290901</postal-code> - Brasil. E-mail: <email>tainaviana@yahoo.com.br</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Viana T, Melo RMV, Bezerra CG, Passos LCS; Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Viana T, Bezerra MLBG, Bezerra CG, Mam&#233;dio V, Dourado GP; An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Bezerra MLBG; Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Viana T, Mam&#233;dio V, Dourado GP; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Bezerra MLBG, Melo RMV, Bezerra CG, Passos LCS.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesses</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>23</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>116</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>511</fpage>
      <lpage>515</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>01</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>30</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>25</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Infarto do Mioc&#225;rdio</kwd>
        <kwd>COVID-19</kwd>
        <kwd>Betacoronav&#237;rus</kwd>
        <kwd>Adulto Jovem</kwd>
        <kwd>Trombose Coron&#225;ria</kwd>
        <kwd>Terapia Trombol&#237;tica</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="12"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="8"/>
        <page-count count="5"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="cases">
      <title>Relato de Caso</title>
      <p>Homem jovem de 32 anos, sem fatores de risco cardiovasculares, procurou uma Unidade de Emerg&#234;ncia apresentando quadro de dor tor&#225;cica intensa h&#225; 30 minutos da admiss&#227;o, sem irradia&#231;&#227;o. Sinais vitais admissionais: temperatura corporal de 36,1 <sup>o</sup>C, frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca de 89 bpm e satura&#231;&#227;o de O<sub>2</sub> de 96% em ar ambiente. Durante o interrogat&#243;rio sistem&#225;tico, o paciente relatou quadro de anosmia e ageusia h&#225; dois dias e negou sentir febre ou qualquer outro sintoma respirat&#243;rio. Paciente se apresentava previamente h&#237;gido, negou uso de drogas il&#237;citas ou ter hist&#243;rico pregresso de angina. Negou tamb&#233;m hist&#243;rico familiar de infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio ou de doen&#231;a arterial coronariana.</p>
      <p>O eletrocardiograma (ECG) de 12 deriva&#231;&#245;es apresentou eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST em DII, DIII e aVF; e infradesnivelamento em DI e aVL, compat&#237;vel com infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio acrescido de supradesnivelamento do segmento ST IAMCSST de parede inferior (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1</xref>) e troponina positiva. Outros exames laboratoriais mostraram altera&#231;&#227;o da prote&#237;na C reativa de 6,7 mg/L (VR: &lt;10 mg/L), ferritina 350,2 ng/mL (VR: 21,8 a 274,6 ng/mL), LDH 5.600 U/L (VR: 120 a 246 U/L) e leucocitose de 12.450 cel/uL. A troponina, ultrassens&#237;vel, estava acima de 50 ng/mL (VR: &lt;0,034 ng/mL).</p>
      <fig id="f1">
        <label>Figura 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Eletrocardiograma admissional: Eletrocardiograma apresentando supradesnivelamento do segmento ST nas deriva&#231;&#245;es DII, DIII e aVF e infradesnivelamento do segmento ST em DI e aVL, compat&#237;vel com infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio de parede inferior.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-03-0511-00972-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
      <p>O paciente recebeu uma dose de ataque de dupla terapia antiplaquet&#225;ria (AAS 300 mg e clopidogrel 300 mg). Como n&#227;o seria poss&#237;vel seu encaminhamento para angioplastia em menos de 120 minutos, optou-se por terapia fibrinol&#237;tica, utilizado tenecteplase (delta T de 5 horas e 36 minutos). O ECG p&#243;s-tromb&#243;lise mostrou redu&#231;&#227;o de 50% da eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST, por&#233;m o paciente ainda apresentava dor tor&#225;cica. Considerada a falha de reperfus&#227;o, o paciente foi encaminhado para a angioplastia de resgate. A cineangiocoronariografia (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 2</xref>; <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">V&#237;deos 1</xref> e <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">2</xref>) revelou art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria direita com grande quantidade de trombo em segmento m&#233;dio e distal, sem les&#245;es obstrutivas ateroscler&#243;ticas em outras coron&#225;rias.</p>
      <fig id="f2">
        <label>Figura 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Angiografia coronariana: (A) Coron&#225;ria direita com uma grande quantidade de trombo em suas por&#231;&#245;es medial e (B) distal. (C) Coron&#225;ria esquerda sem les&#245;es ateroscler&#243;ticas.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-03-0511-00972-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
      <fig id="f5">
        <label>V&#237;deo 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Angiografia da coron&#225;ria direita: A angiocoronariografia apresenta uma coron&#225;ria direita com uma grande quantidade de trombo em suas por&#231;&#245;es medial e distal.</title>
        </caption>
        <attrib>
          <italic>Link: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2021/11603/2020-0972-Video01.mp4">http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2021/11603/2020-0972-Video01.mp4</ext-link></italic>
        </attrib>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-03-0511-00972-gf03.jpg"/></fig>
      <fig id="f6">
        <label>V&#237;deo 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Angiografia da coron&#225;ria esquerda: A angiocoronariografia n&#227;o apresenta evid&#234;ncia de les&#227;o obstrutiva ateroscler&#243;tica nas demais coron&#225;rias.</title>
        </caption>
        <attrib>
          <italic>Link: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2021/11603/2020-0972-Video02.mp4">http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2021/11603/2020-0972-Video02.mp4</ext-link></italic>
        </attrib>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-03-0511-00972-gf04.jpg"/></fig>
      <p>Devido &#224; alta carga tromb&#243;tica, apesar da redu&#231;&#227;o do fluxo (TIMI 2), optou-se por n&#227;o intervir e pelo uso de dupla terapia antiplaquet&#225;ria associada a heparina de baixo peso molecular em dose terap&#234;utica por 72 horas. O paciente foi transferido para a Unidade de Terapia Intensiva com al&#237;vio completo dos sintomas. Devido a suspeita de covid-19, realizou-se pesquisa com <italic>swab</italic> nasofar&#237;ngeo por RT-PCR para SARS-CoV-2, cujo resultado foi positivo. A tomografia computadorizada de t&#243;rax n&#227;o mostrou altera&#231;&#245;es. Nenhuma terapia espec&#237;fica foi institu&#237;da para covid-19, pois o paciente permaneceu sem sintomas respirat&#243;rios.</p>
      <p>O paciente recebeu alta hospitalar ap&#243;s quatro dias de interna&#231;&#227;o, com al&#237;vio total da angina, em uso de AAS, apixabana e enalapril. Ap&#243;s 15 dias, permaneceu assintom&#225;tico. Foi submetido a angiotomografia computadorizada de coron&#225;ria que evidenciou trombo residual em ter&#231;o m&#233;dio da art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria direita com discreta redu&#231;&#227;o luminal e leito distal p&#233;rvio (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figuras 3</xref> e <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">4</xref>).</p>
      <fig id="f3">
        <label>Figura 3</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Angiotomografia coronariana de acompanhamento: Angiotomografia coronariana apresentando imagens sugestivas de trombos residuais (setas) em ter&#231;o proximal-m&#233;dio da coron&#225;ria direita, com discreta redu&#231;&#227;o luminal e leito distal p&#233;rvio.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-03-0511-00972-gf05.jpg"/></fig>
      <fig id="f4">
        <label>Figura 4</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Angiotomografia coronariana de acompanhamento: Art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria direita com estreitamento luminal irregular e segmentar de grau discreto em ter&#231;o proximal-m&#233;dio. Na vis&#227;o transversal do vaso nas &#225;reas de estreitamento, podem ser observadas imagens com baixa atenua&#231;&#227;o (20 a 100 HU), intimamente relacionadas &#224; parede do vaso, que podem ser compat&#237;veis com a hip&#243;tese de trombos.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-03-0511-00972-gf06.jpg"/></fig>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <p>A infec&#231;&#227;o pelo coronav&#237;rus SARS-CoV-2 foi declarada um evento pand&#234;mico em mar&#231;o de 2020 pela Organiza&#231;&#227;o Mundial da Sa&#250;de (OMS), sendo respons&#225;vel por elevada morbimortalidade em praticamente todos os pa&#237;ses e territ&#243;rios do mundo. Quando sintom&#225;tica, a infec&#231;&#227;o apresenta-se mais comumente atrav&#233;s de sintomas dos sistemas respirat&#243;rio ou gastrintestinal, podendo tamb&#233;m estar associada a manifesta&#231;&#245;es cardiovasculares, desde les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica at&#233; infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio, miocardite fulminante e choque cardiog&#234;nico, aumentando a morbimortalidade da doen&#231;a.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
			</p>
      <p>Estudos anteriores mostraram que pacientes com covid-19 est&#227;o predispostos a eventos trombemb&#243;licos, tanto venosos quanto arteriais, com trombembolismo perif&#233;rico e pulmonar, acidente vascular encef&#225;lico (AVE), infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio e isquemia aguda de membros inferiores.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref>
			</p>
      <p>O paciente descrito &#233; um jovem sem fatores de risco para doen&#231;a arterial coronariana, que apresentou epis&#243;dio de IAM CSST inferior com alta carga tromb&#243;tica, sem evid&#234;ncias de doen&#231;a ateroscler&#243;tica em outras art&#233;rias coron&#225;rias e com pesquisa de RT-PCR positiva para covid-19. Por se tratar de um paciente sem outros fatores de risco conhecidos para trombose coronariana, &#233; prov&#225;vel que a infec&#231;&#227;o viral e a resposta inflamat&#243;ria sejam as protagonistas na ativa&#231;&#227;o da cascata de coagula&#231;&#227;o como causa da trombose coronariana com manifesta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica de infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio.</p>
      <p>Seif et al,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref> Dominguez-Erquicia et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> e Al-Sadawi et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref> descreveram casos de pacientes sem fatores de risco para doen&#231;a arterial coronariana (DAC) que apresentavam IAMCSST e angiografia coron&#225;ria que apresentavam trombo maci&#231;o com oclus&#227;o coron&#225;ria sem doen&#231;a ateroscler&#243;tica associada. O fato de serem pacientes sem fatores de risco para DAC e que n&#227;o apresentavam placas ateroscler&#243;ticas coronarianas levanta a possibilidade de o evento tromb&#243;tico estar associado ao estado de hipercoagulabilidade da infec&#231;&#227;o por covid-19. Nestes e no caso descrito por Lacour et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> a trombose coronariana n&#227;o foi associada &#224; s&#237;ndrome respirat&#243;ria aguda grave, refor&#231;ando a possibilidade de eventos tromb&#243;ticos mesmo em pacientes sem manifesta&#231;&#245;es respirat&#243;rias ou sist&#234;micas graves.</p>
      <p>Semelhante &#224;s ocorr&#234;ncias relatadas anteriormente,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref> o caso a seguir destaca um paciente com covid-19 e IAMCSST, e que apresenta alta carga tromb&#243;tica na angiografia coron&#225;ria e aus&#234;ncia de crit&#233;rios de reperfus&#227;o ap&#243;s terapia fibrinol&#237;tica, o que revela a necessidade de terapia de interven&#231;&#227;o percut&#226;nea de resgate precoce. A grande quantidade de trombo deve estimular o uso de terapia farmacol&#243;gica mais agressiva, como fibrinol&#237;ticos, inibidor da glicoprote&#237;na IIb/IIIa e uso prolongado de anticoagulantes. A ministra&#231;&#227;o destes &#250;ltimos, associada &#224; terapia antiplaquet&#225;ria por algumas semanas ap&#243;s o evento deve ser considerada, devido ao estado pr&#243;-tromb&#243;tico associado &#224; infec&#231;&#227;o por covid-19.</p>
      <p>Em tal caso, o uso da angiotomografia coronariana para acompanhamento da les&#227;o refor&#231;a a possibilidade de estudo coronariano n&#227;o invasivo, o que permitir&#225; a avalia&#231;&#227;o da placa al&#233;m da luminografia. Ademais, no contexto da pandemia causada pela covid-19, a realiza&#231;&#227;o da angiotomografia reduz a exposi&#231;&#227;o e os riscos para a equipe de sa&#250;de, permitindo, quando necess&#225;rio, estudar altera&#231;&#245;es pulmonares em conjunto com a avalia&#231;&#227;o coronariana.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref>
			</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
      <p>O infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio com trombose coronariana &#233; uma entidade que pode ser associada &#224; covid-19 devido ao estado pr&#243;-tromb&#243;tico predisposto pela infec&#231;&#227;o, mesmo em pacientes sem fatores de risco cardiovasculares sabidos. Nesses casos, tendo em vista a alta carga tromb&#243;tica, uma terapia farmacol&#243;gica agressiva, substituindo a angioplastia, deve ser considerada.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by" id="fn1">
        <p>
          <bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>
        </p>
        <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
        <p>
          <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
        </p>
        <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <ref-list>
      <title>Refer&#234;ncias</title>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Image</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Acute Myocardial Infarction with Coronary Thrombosis in a Covid-19 Patient without Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1194-8246</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Viana</surname>
            <given-names>Tain&#225;</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bezerra</surname>
            <given-names>Mariana Lins Baptista Guedes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3927-778X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Melo</surname>
            <given-names>Rodrigo Morel Vieira de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4762-0579</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Bezerra</surname>
            <given-names>Cristiano Guedes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7396-989X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Mam&#233;dio</surname>
            <given-names>V&#237;tor</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Dourado</surname>
            <given-names>Gabriela Pio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Figueiredo</surname>
            <given-names>Clara Salles</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Passos</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Carlos Santana</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Salvador</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Salvador</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Ana Nery, Salvador, BA - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Tain&#225; Viana</bold> &#8226; Universidade Federal da Bahia - Departamento de Medicina Rua Dom Jo&#227;o VI, 800 Cond. P&#225;tio Jardins, torre A, 1504 Salvador, Postal Code <postal-code>40290901</postal-code> - Brazil. E-mail: <email>tainaviana@yahoo.com.br</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Viana T, Melo RMV, Bezerra CG; Data acquisition: Viana T, Bezerra MLBG, Bezerra CG, Mam&#233;dio V, Dourado GP; Analysis and interpretation of the data: Bezerra MLBG; Writing of the manuscript: Viana T, Mam&#233;dio V, Dourado GP; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Bezerra MLBG, Melo RMV, Bezerra CG.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Myocardial Infarction</kwd>
        <kwd>COVID-19</kwd>
        <kwd>Betacoronavirus</kwd>
        <kwd>Young Adult</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronary Thrombosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Thrombolytic Therapy</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="cases">
        <title>Case Report</title>
        <p>A 32-year-old young man, without cardiovascular risk factors, sought an Emergency Unit due to severe chest pain 30 minutes before admission, without irradiation. Admission vital signs: T 36.1&#176;C, heart rate of 89 bpm and peripheral O<sub>2</sub> saturation of 96% in room air. During systematic interrogation, anosmia and ageusia were reported two days ago and fever or any other respiratory symptom was denied.</p>
        <p>He was previously healthy and denied use of illicit drugs or previous history of angina. He denies a family history of acute myocardial infarction or coronary artery disease.</p>
        <p>The 12-lead electrocardiogram (EKG) showed ST segment elevation in DII, DIII and aVF; and depression in DI and aVL, compatible with acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation (STEMI) of the inferior wall (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f7">Figure 1</xref>) and positive troponin. Other laboratory tests showed changes in C-reactive protein of 6.7 mg/L (VR: &lt;10mg/L), ferritin 350.2 ng/mL (VR: 21.8 to 274.6 ng/mL), LDH 5600 U/L (VR: 120 to 246 U/L) and leukocytosis of 12,450 cell/uL. Ultra sensitive troponin was above 50 ng/mL (VR: &lt;0.034 ng/mL).</p>
        <fig id="f7">
          <label>Figure 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Eletrocardiogram of the admission. Electrocardiogram revealed ST segment elevation in DII, DIII and aVF and ST-segment depression in DI and aVL, compatible with inferior acute myocardial infarction.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-03-0511-00972-gf01-en.jpg"/></fig>
        <p>The patient received an attack dose of dual antiplatelet therapy (aspirin 300 mg and clopidogrel 300 mg). As referral to angioplasty in less than 120 minutes would not be possible, fibrinolytic therapy was used, using Tenecteplase (delta T of 5 hours and 36 minutes). The post-thrombolysis EKG showed a 50% reduction in elevation of the ST segment, but the patient persisted with chest pain. Considered a failure of reperfusion, the patient was referred for rescue angioplasty. Cineangiocoronariography (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f8">Figure 2</xref>; <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f11">video 1</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f12">2</xref>) revealed a right coronary artery with a large burden of thrombus in the middle and distal segment, without obstructive atherosclerotic lesions in other coronaries. Due to the high thrombotic load, despite the reduced flow (TIMI 2), it was decided not to intervene and to use dual antiplatelet therapy associated with low molecular weight heparin in a therapeutic dose for 72 hours. The patient was transferred to the intensive care unit with complete symptom relief.</p>
        <fig id="f8">
          <label>Figure 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Coronary angiography. (A) Right coronary with a large BURDEN of thrombus in its medial and (B) distal portions. (C) Left coronary artery without atherosclerotic lesions.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-03-0511-00972-gf02-en.jpg"/></fig>
        <fig id="f11">
          <label>Video 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Angiography of the right coronary. The coronary angiography revealed a right coronary artery with a large burden of thrombus in extensive mid and distal segment.</title>
          </caption>
          <attrib>
            <italic>Link: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2021/11603/2020-0972-Video01.mp4">http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2021/11603/2020-0972-Video01.mp4</ext-link></italic>
          </attrib>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-03-0511-00972-gf03-en.jpg"/></fig>
        <fig id="f12">
          <label>Video 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Left coronary angiography. Coronary angiography without evidence of atherosclerotic obstructive lesion in the other coronary arteries.</title>
          </caption>
          <attrib>
            <italic>Link: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2021/11603/2020-0972-Video02.mp4">http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2021/11603/2020-0972-Video02.mp4</ext-link></italic>
          </attrib>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-03-0511-00972-gf04-en.jpg"/></fig>
        <p>COVID-19 was suspected, a nasopharyngeal swab was performed using RT-PCR for SARS-COV2, which was positive. Computed tomography of the chest, without changes. No specific therapy was instituted for COVID-19, as the patient remained without respiratory symptoms.</p>
        <p>The patient was discharged after four days, with total relief of angina, using aspirin, apixaban and enalapril. After fifteen days, he remained asymptomatic and underwent coronary computed tomography angiography that showed a residual thrombus in the middle third of the right coronary artery with a slight luminal reduction and a patent distal bed (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f9">Figures 3</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f10">4</xref>).</p>
        <fig id="f9">
          <label>Figure 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Follow-up coronary angiotomography. Coronary angiotomography showing images suggestive of residual thrombi (arrows) in the proximal-middle third of the right coronary, with slight luminal reduction and a patent distal bed.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-03-0511-00972-gf05-en.jpg"/></fig>
        <fig id="f10">
          <label>Figure 4</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Follow-up coronary angiotomography. Right Coronary Artery with irregular and segmental luminal narrowing of a slight degree in the proximal-middle third. In the transversal view of the vessel in the narrowing areas, images with low attenuation (20 to 100HU) are closely related to the vessel wall, which may be compatible with the hypothesis of thrombi.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-03-0511-00972-gf06-en.jpg"/></fig>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <p>The COVID-19 infection was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020, being responsible for high morbidity and mortality in several countries around the world. When symptomatic, the infection most commonly presents with symptoms of the respiratory or gastrointestinal tract, which may be associated with cardiovascular manifestations, from myocardial injury to acute myocardial infarction, fulminant myocarditis and cardiogenic shock, increasing the morbidity and mortality of the disease.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</p>
        <p>Previous studies have shown that patients with COVID-19 are predisposed to thromboembolic events, both venous and arterial, including peripheral and pulmonary thromboembolism, stroke, acute myocardial infarction and acute lower limb ischemia.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref>
				</p>
        <p>The patient described is a young man with no risk factors for coronary artery disease, who had an episode of inferior STEMI with a high thrombotic burden without evidence of atherosclerotic disease in other coronary arteries and with positive RT-PCR for COVID-19. As he is a patient without other known risk factors for coronary thrombosis, it is likely that viral infection and the inflammatory response are the protagonists in the activation of the coagulation cascade as the cause of coronary thrombosis with clinical manifestation of acute myocardial infarction.</p>
        <p>Seif et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref> Dominguez-Erquicia et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> and Al-Sadawi et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref> described cases of patients without risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) who had STEMI and coronary angiography showing massive thrombus with occlusion coronary artery disease without associated atherosclerotic disease. Since these are patients without risk factors for CAD and without coronary atherosclerotic plaques, raises the possibility that the thrombotic event is associated with the hypercoagulable state of COVID-19 infection. In these and in the case described by Lacour et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> coronary thrombosis was not associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome, reinforcing the possibility of thrombotic events even in patients without severe respiratory or systemic manifestations.</p>
        <p>Similar to previously reported cases,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref> this case describes a patient with COVID-19 and STEMI presenting high thrombotic burden on coronary angiography and absence of reperfusion criteria after fibrinolytic therapy, revealing the need for early rescue percutaneous intervention therapy. The large burden of thrombus should encourage the use of more aggressive pharmacological therapy, such as fibrinolytics, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor and prolonged use of anticoagulants. The use of anticoagulant associated with antiplatelet therapy for a few weeks after the event should be considered due to the prothrombotic state associated with COVID-19 infection.</p>
        <p>The use of coronary angiotomography to monitor the lesion in this case reinforces the possibility of a non-invasive coronary study allowing the evaluation of the plaque in addition to luminography. In addition, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the performance of angiotomography reduces exposure and risks for the health team, allowing, when necessary, assessment of pulmonary changes in conjunction with coronary assessment.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref>
				</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclusion</title>
        <p>Acute myocardial infarction with coronary thrombosis is an entity that can be associated with COVID-19 due to the prothrombotic state predisposed by the infection, even in patients without known cardiovascular risk factors. In these cases, in view of the high thrombotic burden, aggressive pharmacological therapy should be considered, instead of angioplasty.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by" id="fn3">
          <p>
            <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
          </p>
          <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn4">
          <p>
            <bold>Study Association</bold>
          </p>
          <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
