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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">7mqsKPKWsXFy5fTWPMhbpSC</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00483</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2021000400483</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20201234</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20201234</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Rigidez Arterial na Estenose A&#243;rtica</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9543-7832</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Murad</surname>
            <given-names>Henrique</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brasil.</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Henrique Murad &#8226;</bold> Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro &#8211; Cirurgia &#8211; Av. Alexandre Ferreira, 300 Apt 402. CEP <postal-code>22470-220</postal-code>, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brasil. E-mail: <email>hmurad@hucff.ufrj.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>23</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>116</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>483</fpage>
      <lpage>484</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Valva A&#243;rtica/cirurgia</kwd>
        <kwd>Estenose da Valva A&#243;rtica/cirurgia</kwd>
        <kwd>Substitui&#231;&#227;o da Valva A&#243;rtica/m&#233;todos</kwd>
        <kwd>An&#225;lise da Onda de Pulso</kwd>
        <kwd>Press&#227;o Arterial</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="8"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>O artigo &#8220;Altera&#231;&#245;es da Rigidez Arterial em Pacientes com Estenose A&#243;rtica Grave Submetidos &#224; Cirurgia de Troca Valvar&#8221; traz informa&#231;&#245;es importantes sobre o comportamento da rigidez arterial antes e ap&#243;s a troca valvar a&#243;rtica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
		</p>
    <p>Eles estudaram 150 pacientes com estenose a&#243;rtica grave submetidos &#224; troca valvar a&#243;rtica com biopr&#243;tese. Eles utilizaram um m&#233;todo n&#227;o invasivo, a velocidade da onda de press&#227;o (PWV, do ingl&#234;s <italic>&gt;pressure wave velocity</italic>) car&#243;tida-femoral, medida atrav&#233;s do aparelho <italic>Complior Analyse</italic> para estudar a rigidez arterial. Outros m&#233;todos poderiam ter sido utilizados, como medidas do cateter de press&#227;o invasiva, resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica e sensores de manguito perif&#233;ricos, mas a PWV &#233; o padr&#227;o-ouro.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
		</p>
    <p>O envelhecimento, a hipertens&#227;o e a doen&#231;a ateroscler&#243;tica contribuem para o aumento da rigidez vascular medida pela PWV e s&#227;o fatores de confus&#227;o. A idade m&#233;dia de seus pacientes era de 72 &#177; 8 anos, hipertens&#227;o estava presente em 83%, dislipidemia em 76%, diabetes em 35% e 24% tinham hist&#243;ria de tabagismo.</p>
    <p>Houve associa&#231;&#227;o inversa entre rigidez arterial e gradiente ventr&#237;culo esquerdo-a&#243;rtico nos pacientes pr&#233;-operat&#243;rios. Ap&#243;s a troca valvar a&#243;rtica, houve aumento significativo da rigidez arterial medida pela PWV, sendo 9,0 &#177; 2,1 m/s no pr&#233;-operat&#243;rio e 9,9 &#177; 2,2 m/s (&#177; 2,2 meses ap&#243;s a cirurgia) no p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio. Eles postularam que a obstru&#231;&#227;o a montante pode interferir nas medidas, mascarando os efeitos reais na aorta. Yotti et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref> demonstraram que ap&#243;s o al&#237;vio da obstru&#231;&#227;o ocorre um aumento da carga vascular, da press&#227;o arterial e da imped&#226;ncia vascular, induzindo a um comportamento vascular que apresenta rigidez.</p>
    <p>O estudo apresenta algumas limita&#231;&#245;es: centro &#250;nico, retrospectivo, variabilidade quanto ao tempo de medidas p&#243;s-operat&#243;rias, falta de randomiza&#231;&#227;o, pequeno tamanho da amostra e variabilidade dos dados de acordo com o estado do paciente.</p>
    <p>Singh et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref> estudando 174 pacientes por resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica, demonstraram que em pacientes com estenose a&#243;rtica, aqueles com v&#225;lvula a&#243;rtica bic&#250;spide (VAB) apresentam menor rigidez a&#243;rtica quando comparados &#224;queles com valva tric&#250;spide (VAT) apesar do aumento das dimens&#245;es a&#243;rticas, mas os autores n&#227;o encontraram essa diferen&#231;a, embora n&#227;o tenha havido men&#231;&#227;o em rela&#231;&#227;o ao n&#250;mero de pacientes com VAB na amostra.</p>
    <p>O impacto do estudo da rigidez arterial merece aten&#231;&#227;o especial, pois modifica&#231;&#245;es na parede arterial levar&#227;o ao aumento da rigidez arterial, que pode ser respons&#225;vel pelo envelhecimento vascular acelerado e hipertens&#227;o arterial; al&#233;m disso, a rigidez arterial foi incorporada &#224; estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco de les&#245;es subcl&#237;nicas de &#243;rg&#227;os-alvo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref> Vlachopoulos et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> mostraram que um aumento da PWV de 1 m/s estava associado a um aumento na mortalidade cardiovascular e por todas as causas. Saeed et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref> estudando 103 pacientes assintom&#225;ticos com estenose a&#243;rtica moderada a grave, demonstraram que pacientes com PWV elevada estavam associados a maior risco de doen&#231;a cardiovascular e morte. Outro problema que &#224;s vezes est&#225; associado &#224; estenose a&#243;rtica &#233; a necessidade de substituir a aorta ascendente por um enxerto, ou implantar uma endopr&#243;tese na aorta ascendente, descendente ou arco a&#243;rtico. de Beaufort et al., em estudo experimental com 20 pacientes com aortas porcinas, demonstraram que a PWV aumentou significativamente ap&#243;s a implanta&#231;&#227;o da endopr&#243;tese.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref>
		</p>
    <p>Como os autores <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> afirmam em sua conclus&#227;o, o estudo da rigidez arterial pode fornecer melhores esclarecimentos sobre a hist&#243;ria natural da estenose a&#243;rtica e sua associa&#231;&#227;o com a fun&#231;&#227;o vascular.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Altera&#231;&#245;es da Rigidez Arterial em Pacientes com Estenose A&#243;rtica Grave Submetidos &#224; Cirurgia de Troca Valvar</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Arterial Stiffness in Aortic Stenosis</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9543-7832</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Murad</surname>
            <given-names>Henrique</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brazil.</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Henrique Murad &#8226;</bold> Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro &#8211; Cirurgia &#8211; Av. Alexandre Ferreira, 300 Apt 402. Postal Code <postal-code>22470-220</postal-code>, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brazil. E-mail: <email>hmurad@hucff.ufrj.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Aortic Valve/surgery</kwd>
        <kwd>Aortic Valve Stenosis/surgery</kwd>
        <kwd>Aortic Valve Replacement/methods</kwd>
        <kwd>Pulse Wave Analysis</kwd>
        <kwd>Blood Pressure</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>The paper &#8220;Arterial Stiffness Changes in Severe Aortic Stenosis Patients Submitted to Valve Replacement Surgery&#8221; has important information on the behavior of arterial stiffness before and after aortic valve replacement.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
			</p>
      <p>They studied 150 patients with severe aortic stenosis submitted to aortic valve replacement with bioprosthesis. They used a noninvasive method, carotid-femoral pressure wave velocity (PWV) measured through Complior Analyse, to study arterial stiffness. Other methods could have been used, such as invasive pressure catheter measurements, MRI and peripheral cuff sensors, but PWV is the gold standard.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
			</p>
      <p>Aging, hypertension and atherosclerotic disease contributes to the increase in vascular stiffness as measured by PWV and are confounding factors. Their patients&#8217; mean age was 72&#177; 8 years, hypertension was present in 83%, dyslipidemia in 76%, diabetes in 35% and 24% had a history of smoking.</p>
      <p>There was an inverse association between arterial stiffness and the left ventricle-aortic gradient in the preoperative patients. After aortic valve replacement, there was a significant increase in arterial stiffness measured by PWV, being 9.0&#177; 2.1 m/s in the preoperative and 9.9&#177;2.2 m/s (&#177;2.2 months after surgery) in the postoperative period. They postulated that the upstream obstruction might interfere with the measurements, masking the real effects on the aorta. Yotti et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref> have shown that after relieving the obstruction there is an increase in the vascular load, arterial pressure and vascular impedance, inducing a vascular behavior that shows stiffness.</p>
      <p>The study has some limitations: single center, retrospective, variability regarding the time of postoperative measurements, lack of randomization, small sample size and variability of data according to patient status.</p>
      <p>Singh et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref> studying 174 patients using MRI have demonstrated that in patients with aortic stenosis, those with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) have lower aortic stiffness when compared to those with tricuspid valves (TAV), despite increased aortic dimensions, but the authors found no such difference, although there was no mention regarding the number of BAV patients in the sample.</p>
      <p>The impact of studying arterial stiffness deserves special attention, as modifications in the arterial wall will lead to an increase in the arterial stiffness, which may be responsible for accelerated vascular aging and arterial hypertension; moreover, arterial stiffness have been incorporated into the risk stratification of subclinical target organ lesions.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref> Vlachopoulos et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> have shown that an increase of the PWV of 1 m/s was associated with an increase in cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Saeed et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref> studying 103 asymptomatic patients with moderate to severe aortic stenosis, have shown that patients with elevated PWV were associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and death.</p>
      <p>Another problem that is sometimes associated with aortic stenosis is the need to replace the ascending aorta with a graft, or implant an endograft in the ascending, descending aorta or aortic arch. de Beaufort et al, in an experimental study with 20 patients with porcine aortas, demonstrated that PWV was significatively increased after stent graft deployment.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref>
			</p>
      <p>As the authors<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> state in their conclusion, the study of arterial stiffness may give better insights into the natural history of aortic stenosis and its association with the vascular function.</p>
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          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Arterial Stiffness Changes in Severe Aortic Stenosis Patients Submitted to Valve Replacement Surgery</p>
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