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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">yf63nLVQWhxsHjSTWtfNcxf</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00464</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2021000400464</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20201344</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20201344</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Algoritmo Simplificado para o Diagn&#243;stico Diferencial das Taquicardias com QRS Largo. Seria Essa a Melhor Forma de Treinar os Jovens M&#233;dicos?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7509-0731</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Mateo</surname>
            <given-names>Enrique Indal&#233;cio Pach&#243;n</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Servi&#231;o de Arritmias do Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Servi&#231;o de Arritmias do Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil.</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Enrique Indal&#233;cio Pach&#243;n Mateo &#8226;</bold> Rua Cubat&#227;o, 86/504. CEP <postal-code>04013-000</postal-code>, Para&#237;so, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil. E-mail: <email>epachon@alumni.usp.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>23</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>116</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>464</fpage>
      <lpage>465</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Taquicardia Ventricular</kwd>
        <kwd>Emerg&#234;ncias</kwd>
        <kwd>Primeiros Socorros</kwd>
        <kwd>Algoritmos</kwd>
        <kwd>Diagn&#243;stico</kwd>
        <kwd>Unidade de Terapia Intensiva</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="8"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Fazer o diagn&#243;stico correto de uma taquicardia ventricular em uma sala de emerg&#234;ncia (SE), com pouco tempo de decis&#227;o e somente com o eletrocardiograma (ECG) &#233; um desafio que depende de muito preparo por parte do m&#233;dico que atende esse paciente. Qualquer instrumento que venha a facilitar e agilizar esse processo, principalmente aumentando o grau de acur&#225;cia, &#233; tamb&#233;m digno de elogios, principalmente considerando que, nem sempre, o m&#233;dico plantonista &#233; cardiologista, ou menos prov&#225;vel, &#233; um arritmologista treinado o suficiente para fazer esse diagn&#243;stico com precis&#227;o.</p>
    <p>Uma taquicardia ventricular, uma taquicardia supraventricular (em um paciente com dist&#250;rbio de condu&#231;&#227;o pr&#233;vio ou com aberr&#226;ncia de condu&#231;&#227;o) e uma taquicardia supraventricular conduzida por um feixe an&#244;malo podem apresentar tra&#231;ados eletrocardiogr&#225;ficos semelhantes e, por vezes, muito dif&#237;ceis de diferenciar, tornando a decis&#227;o m&#233;dica um risco para a vida do paciente. Para que essa diferencia&#231;&#227;o seja poss&#237;vel, foram criados v&#225;rios algoritmos que utilizam sinais eletrocardiogr&#225;ficos para auxiliar e permitir o diagn&#243;stico correto e, consequentemente, o tratamento adequado, como &#233; o caso do algoritmo de Brugada,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> largamente conhecido (e que, na verdade, &#233; uma combina&#231;&#227;o de crit&#233;rios de Brugada e de Wellens<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref>), o de Vereckei<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref> e o de Pava,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref> entre outros. Todos os algoritmos criados apresentam sensibilidade e especificidade (S/E) vari&#225;veis que os tornam mais precisos ou menos; no entanto, na mesma propor&#231;&#227;o, esses algoritmos podem ser mais simples ou mais complexos (que dependem de maior treinamento do operador e maior tempo para chegar ao diagn&#243;stico).</p>
    <p>Os autores do artigo &#8220;Validation of a Simple ECG Algorithm to Recognize Ventricular Tachycardia&#8221;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref> buscam uma ferramenta que permita que os m&#233;dicos com menos treinamento cheguem ao diagn&#243;stico diferencial de uma forma mais simples e em menor tempo, utilizando um algoritmo bastante simplificado, desenvolvido inicialmente por Nagi et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> mas que n&#227;o foi adequadamente validado, conforme explica&#231;&#227;o desses autores. A proposta foi validar o algoritmo comparando com grupos de examinadores mais experientes <italic>versus</italic> menos experientes e os ECG sem hist&#243;ria cl&#237;nica e com hist&#243;ria cl&#237;nica. O diagn&#243;stico preciso da taquicardia foi avaliado previamente pelo estudo eletrofisiol&#243;gico. Um n&#250;mero expressivo de avalia&#231;&#245;es resultou dessa combina&#231;&#227;o, o que permitiu a an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica de E/S confrontado com o algoritmo de Brugada. A an&#225;lise final mostrou que o novo algoritmo foi semelhante ao de Brugada, com menor &#237;ndice de conflito entre os examinadores, mostrando maior reprodutibilidade. A discuss&#227;o fica exatamente nas limita&#231;&#245;es, pois o algoritmo foi validado somente em pacientes que n&#227;o estavam utilizando f&#225;rmacos antiarr&#237;tmicos e tamb&#233;m n&#227;o foram inclu&#237;dos casos com pr&#233;-excita&#231;&#227;o ventricular. Ambas as condi&#231;&#245;es n&#227;o podem ser descartadas entre os pacientes que chegam &#224; SE em taquicardia com QRS largo. Tamb&#233;m &#233; temer&#225;rio considerar taquicardia supraventricular todos os casos que n&#227;o cumprirem os quatro crit&#233;rios desse algoritmo. Em minha experi&#234;ncia, o melhor &#233; confrontarmos os v&#225;rios algoritmos para refor&#231;ar a suspeita diagn&#243;stica, fato j&#225; publicado por outros autores.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref> Al&#233;m disso, h&#225; que se considerar a simplicidade do algoritmo de Vereckei, j&#225; extensamente validado e facilmente memorizado pelos menos experientes. Outra limita&#231;&#227;o &#233; a necessidade do ECG completo, condi&#231;&#227;o que nem sempre est&#225; presente nos monitores da SE e da unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI). Nesse caso, um novo e simples algoritmo foi idealizado,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> permitindo boa E/S com os algoritmos mais complexos. Infelizmente, n&#227;o h&#225; um algoritmo que permita 100% de E/S, e acredita-se que teremos que conviver com essas discuss&#245;es ainda por um longo tempo. No entanto, ao utilizar os crit&#233;rios cl&#237;nicos associados ao algoritmo dominado pelo m&#233;dico avaliador, podemos auxiliar ao m&#225;ximo os pacientes que se encontram nessas situa&#231;&#245;es cr&#237;ticas.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Valida&#231;&#227;o de um Algoritmo Simples para Detec&#231;&#227;o de Taquicardia Ventricular no Eletrocardiograma</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Simplified Algorithm for Differential Diagnosis of Tachycardias with Wide QRS. Is this the Best Way to Train Young Doctors?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7509-0731</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Mateo</surname>
            <given-names>Enrique Indal&#233;cio Pach&#243;n</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Servi&#231;o de Arritmias do Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil.</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Enrique Indal&#233;cio Pach&#243;n Mateo &#8226;</bold> Rua Cubat&#227;o, 86/504. Postal Code <postal-code>04013-000</postal-code>, Para&#237;so, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil. E-mail: <email>epachon@alumni.usp.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Tachycardia, Emergencies</kwd>
        <kwd>First Aid</kwd>
        <kwd>Algorithms</kwd>
        <kwd>Diagnosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Algorithms</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>To make the correct diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia in an emergency room (ER), with little time for decision-making and based only on the electrocardiogram is a challenge that depends on a lot of preparation by the doctor. Any instrument that facilitates and streamlines this process, especially increasing the degree of accuracy, is also worthy of praise, especially considering that the physician on duty is not always a cardiologist, or even less likely an arrhythmologist, sufficiently trained to make an accurate diagnosis.</p>
      <p>An episode of ventricular tachycardia, supraventricular tachycardia (in a patient with a previous conduction disorder or with a conduction aberrancy) and supraventricular tachycardia caused by anomalous bundles may show similar electrocardiographic tracings, which are sometimes very difficult to differentiate, making the medical decision a risk to the patient&#8217;s life. To make this differentiation possible, several algorithms have been created that use electrocardiographic signals to assist and allow the correct diagnosis to be made and, consequently, to establish the adequate treatment, as in the case of the Brugada algorithm which is widely known (and that in fact is a combination of Brugada and Wellens criteria), as well as Vereckei and Pava criteria among others. All the created algorithms have sensitivity and specificity (S/E) variables that make them more or less accurate; however, in the same proportion, these algorithms can be simpler, or more complex (depending on the operator&#8217;s better training and greater time to reach the diagnosis).</p>
      <p>The authors of the article &#8220;Validation of a Simple Electrocardiographic Algorithm for Detection of Ventricular Tachycardia&#8221; aim at obtaining a tool that allows physicians with less training to reach a differential diagnosis in a simpler way and in less time, using a very simplified algorithm, initially developed by Nagi et al. but that was not properly validated, as explained by these authors. The proposal was to validate the algorithm by comparing more experienced <italic>versus</italic> less experienced groups of examiners and ECGs with no clinical history and with clinical history. The precise diagnosis of tachycardia was previously evaluated through the electrophysiological study. A significant number of evaluations resulted from this combination, which allowed the statistical analysis of S/E compared with the Brugada algorithm. The final analysis showed that the new algorithm was similar to Brugada&#8217;s, with a lower rate of conflict between the examiners, showing greater reproducibility. The discussion is precisely in the limitations of the study, because the algorithm was validated only in patients who were not using antiarrhythmic drugs and cases with ventricular pre-excitation were not included either. Both conditions cannot be ruled out in patients who arrive at the ER with tachycardia and a wide QRS interval. It is also careless to consider supraventricular tachycardia in all cases that do not meet the four criteria of this algorithm. In my experience, it is best to confront the various algorithms to reinforce the diagnostic suspicion, a fact that has already been discussed by other authors and we must also consider the simplicity of the Vereckei&#8217;s algorithm, which has been widely validated and is easily memorized by the least experienced doctors.</p>
      <p>Another limitation is the need for a complete ECG, a test that is not always available in ERs and IUC monitors. In this case, a new and simple algorithm was idealized, allowing good S/E in relation to the most complex algorithms. Unfortunately, there is no algorithm that allows 100% S/E, and I believe we will have to live with these discussions for a long time yet, but, using the clinical criteria associated with the algorithm mastered by the evaluating physician, we can help as much as possible the patients who find themselves in these critical situations.</p>
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          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Validation of a Simple Electrocardiographic Algorithm for Detection of Ventricular Tachycardia</p>
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