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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">zBKqJx9skSkmT4DMdXrjZJy</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00441</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2021000400441</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20201198</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20201198</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Redu&#231;&#227;o na Ativa&#231;&#227;o Plaquet&#225;ria: Um Potencial Efeito Ben&#233;fico do Exerc&#237;cio Regular na Doen&#231;a Arterial Coronariana</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0758-5174</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Christina Gr&#252;ne de Souza e</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Cl&#237;nica de Medicina do Exerc&#237;cio</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Cl&#237;nica de Medicina do Exerc&#237;cio &#8211; CLINIMEX, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brasil.</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Christina Gr&#252;ne de Souza e Silva</bold> &#8226; Rua Siqueira Campos 93. CEP <postal-code>22031-072</postal-code>, Copacabana, RJ &#8211; Brasil. E-mail: <email>christina.g.dss@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>23</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>116</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>441</fpage>
      <lpage>442</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a de Art&#233;ria Coronariana</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares</kwd>
        <kwd>Exerc&#237;cio</kwd>
        <kwd>Atividade F&#237;sica</kwd>
        <kwd>Reabilita&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Plaquetas</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="10"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A reabilita&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca baseada em exerc&#237;cio (RCBE) leva a redu&#231;&#245;es significativas na mortalidade e no risco de eventos cardiovasculares adversos em pacientes com doen&#231;a arterial coronariana (DAC).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref> Como resultado, a RCBE &#233; atualmente uma interven&#231;&#227;o Classe 1A para preven&#231;&#227;o secund&#225;ria em DAC.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref> Entretanto, apesar de esfor&#231;os consider&#225;veis em pesquisa nas &#250;ltimas d&#233;cadas, os mecanismos multidimensionais associados aos efeitos cardioprotetores do exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico regular ainda n&#227;o est&#227;o totalmente elucidados.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref>
		</p>
    <p>Por outro lado, o aumento da atividade plaquet&#225;ria tem sido cada vez mais reconhecido como um elemento-chave na patog&#234;nese e progress&#227;o da aterosclerose. Atrav&#233;s da libera&#231;&#227;o de citocinas e quimiocinas, as plaquetas ativadas realizam a fun&#231;&#227;o de mediadoras do recrutamento de leuc&#243;citos para o endot&#233;lio vascular, favorecendo n&#227;o apenas a ruptura da placa e trombose, mas tamb&#233;m contribuindo para as etapas iniciais da aterosclerose e para os est&#225;gios subsequentes da progress&#227;o da placa ateroscler&#243;tica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref>
		</p>
    <p>Portanto, um interesse especial foi despertado em rela&#231;&#227;o ao papel do exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico na fun&#231;&#227;o plaquet&#225;ria, e resultados conflitantes foram observados. Embora sess&#245;es agudas de exerc&#237;cios extenuantes pare&#231;am aumentar a ativa&#231;&#227;o plaquet&#225;ria e, portanto, aumentar o risco de eventos tromb&#243;ticos, a pr&#225;tica regular de exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico demonstrou diminuir a ades&#227;o e agrega&#231;&#227;o plaquet&#225;rias, possivelmente contribuindo para a redu&#231;&#227;o do risco aterotromb&#243;tico observada em indiv&#237;duos fisicamente ativos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref>
		</p>
    <p>Para avan&#231;ar no conhecimento sobre esse assunto, na edi&#231;&#227;o atual dos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, Durmu&#351; et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> relatam os efeitos de um programa de RCBE na ativa&#231;&#227;o plaquet&#225;ria em pacientes com DAC est&#225;vel. O volume plaquet&#225;rio m&#233;dio (VPM) foi avaliado no in&#237;cio do estudo e ap&#243;s seis semanas, e os valores basal e final foram comparados de acordo com a participa&#231;&#227;o no programa de RCBE. Os autores observaram que, enquanto os n&#227;o participantes exibiram uma redu&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o significativa do VPM (8,7 vs. 8,6 fL), uma redu&#231;&#227;o de 13% no VPM foi vista nos participantes que completaram o programa de RCBE (9,1 vs. 7,9 fL) (p &lt;0,01). Al&#233;m disso, foi observada uma forte correla&#231;&#227;o positiva entre a varia&#231;&#227;o do VPM e a participa&#231;&#227;o na RCBE (r = 0,75). Portanto, os autores conclu&#237;ram que essa diminui&#231;&#227;o no VPM observada com a participa&#231;&#227;o na RCBE pode desempenhar um papel importante na redu&#231;&#227;o do risco tromb&#243;tico em pacientes com DAC est&#225;vel.</p>
    <p>Esses resultados significativos encontrados por Durmu&#351; et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> entretanto, requerem alguma cautela. O tamanho das plaquetas, quando medido pelo VPM, demonstrou ser um marcador da fun&#231;&#227;o plaquet&#225;ria e foi positivamente associado aos indicadores de atividade plaquet&#225;ria.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref> Portanto, o VPM &#233; considerado uma ferramenta valiosa para a avalia&#231;&#227;o da ativa&#231;&#227;o das plaquetas. No entanto, a an&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o do VPM n&#227;o &#233; simples. Uma s&#233;rie de vari&#225;veis pr&#233;-anal&#237;ticas e anal&#237;ticas, incluindo o tempo entre a coleta de sangue e a an&#225;lise e a temperatura de armazenamento da amostra, s&#227;o conhecidas por afetar significativamente as medidas do VPM e, como tal, representam desvantagens importantes ao usar o VPM como uma medida indireta da atividade plaquet&#225;ria.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref> Portanto, mais estudos utilizando marcadores padronizados e mais confi&#225;veis de ativa&#231;&#227;o plaquet&#225;ria devem ser realizados para superar essas quest&#245;es metodol&#243;gicas e confirmar os resultados relatados.</p>
    <p>Em conclus&#227;o, o estudo conduzido por Durmu&#351; et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> abre um novo caminho para pesquisas futuras com o objetivo de expandir nossa compreens&#227;o sobre o efeito da pr&#225;tica de exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico regular no comportamento funcional das plaquetas e o potencial mecanismo protetor induzido pelo exerc&#237;cio em pacientes com DAC que participam de programas de RCBE.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Reabilita&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aca Baseada em Exerc&#237;cios Fortemente Relacionada com Redu&#231;&#227;o do Volume Plaquet&#225;rio M&#233;dio</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Reduction in Platelet Activation: A Potential Mechanistic Link between Regular Exercise and Its Benefits for Coronary Artery Disease</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0758-5174</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Christina Gr&#252;ne de Souza e</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Cl&#237;nica de Medicina do Exerc&#237;cio &#8211; CLINIMEX, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brazil.</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Christina Gr&#252;ne de Souza e Silva</bold> &#8226; Rua Siqueira Campos 93. Postal Code <postal-code>22031-072</postal-code>, Copacabana, RJ &#8211; Brazil, E-mail: <email>christina.g.dss@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Coronary Artery Disease</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases</kwd>
        <kwd>Exercise</kwd>
        <kwd>Physical Activity</kwd>
        <kwd>Rehabilitation</kwd>
        <kwd>Blood Platelets</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) leads to significant reductions in mortality and risk for adverse cardiovascular events in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref> As a result, exercise-based CR is currently a Class 1A intervention for secondary prevention in CAD.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref> However, despite considerable research efforts in the past several decades, the multidimensional mechanisms associated with the cardioprotective effects of regular exercise are still not fully elucidated.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref>
			</p>
      <p>On the other hand, increased platelet activity has been increasingly recognized as a key player in the pathogenesis and progression of atherosclerosis. Through the release of cytokines and chemokines, activated platelets mediate the recruitment of leukocytes to the vascular endothelium, favoring not only plaque rupture and thrombosis, but also contributing to the early steps of atherosclerosis and the later stages of atheroprogression.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref>
			</p>
      <p>Therefore, special interest has been raised regarding the role of exercise in platelet function, and conflicting results have been observed. While acute bouts of strenuous exercise seem to enhance platelet activation, and, therefore, increase the risk of thrombotic events, engaging in regular exercise has been shown to decrease platelet adhesion and aggregation, possibly contributing to the reduced atherothrombotic risk observed in physically active individuals.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref>
			</p>
      <p>To shed light on this topic, in the current issue of <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</italic>, Durmu&#351; et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> report the effects of an exercise-based CR program on platelet activation in stable CAD patients. Mean platelet volume (MPV) was assessed at baseline and after six weeks, and pre- and post-assessment values were compared according to participation in the CR program. The authors found that, while non-participants exhibited a non-significant MPV reduction (8.7 vs. 8.6 fL), a 13% reduction in MPV was observed in participants that completed the CR program (9.1 vs. 7.9 fL) (p&lt;0.01). Moreover, a strong positive correlation was observed between MPV variation and CR participation (r=0.75). Therefore, the authors concluded that this decrease in MPV seen with CR participation might play an important role in reducing thrombotic risk in patients with stable CAD.</p>
      <p>These significant results observed by Durmu&#351; et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> however, require a note of caution. Platelet size, when measured as MPV, has been shown to be a marker of platelet function and has been positively associated with platelet activity indicators.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref> Therefore, MPV is considered a valuable tool for the assessment of platelet activation. Yet, the analysis and interpretation of MPV is not straightforward. A number of pre-analytical and analytical variables, including the time between blood collection and analysis and specimen storage temperature, are known to significantly affect MPV measurements, and, as such, they represent important drawbacks when using MPV as an indirect measurement of platelet activity.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref> Therefore, further studies using standardized and more reliable platelet activation markers should be undertaken to overcome these methodological issues and confirm the reported results.</p>
      <p>In conclusion, the study conducted by Durmu&#351; et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> opens a new avenue for future research aiming to expand our understanding on the effect of regular exercise on platelet functional behavior and the potential mechanism of exercise-induced protection in CAD patients who engage in CR programs.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation Has a Strong Relationship with Mean Platelet Volume Reduction</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
