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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">NqtrR88j3C9vxvfbyPP376K</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00393</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2021000400393</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20201283</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20201283</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Existe um Papel para a Ultrassonografia Pulmonar no Progn&#243;stico de Pacientes com Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3712-1175</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Avila</surname>
            <given-names>M&#244;nica Samuel</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0207-3986</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Belfort</surname>
            <given-names>Deborah De S&#225; Pereira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: M&#244;nica Samuel Avila</bold> &#8226; Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o &#8211; Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44. CEP <postal-code>05403-000</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil, E-mail: <email>mo_avila@hotmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>23</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>116</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>393</fpage>
      <lpage>394</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca</kwd>
        <kwd>Progn&#243;stico</kwd>
        <kwd>Hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Mortalidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Pulm&#227;o/ultrassonografia</kwd>
        <kwd>Pept&#237;deos Natriur&#233;ticos</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="9"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>As hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es por insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (IC) s&#227;o mais comumente motivadas por congest&#227;o sist&#234;mica e pulmonar, levando a uma taxa de mortalidade de 5&#8211;15% e a uma taxa de reinterna&#231;&#227;o de at&#233; 50% em 90 dias.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> Embora a meta usual durante a hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o seja a descongest&#227;o completa, 30% dos pacientes apresentam congest&#227;o residual quando da alta.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref> Sinais de congest&#227;o, altas press&#245;es de enchimento e n&#237;veis elevados de pept&#237;deos natriur&#233;ticos est&#227;o associados a maiores taxas de mortalidade e reinterna&#231;&#227;o, e a congest&#227;o residual na alta tamb&#233;m est&#225; associada a pior progn&#243;stico.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref>
		</p>
    <p>A avalia&#231;&#227;o da congest&#227;o geralmente &#233; dif&#237;cil devido &#224; baixa sensibilidade e/ou especificidade dos resultados da anamnese.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> A radiografia de t&#243;rax e os pept&#237;deos natriur&#233;ticos podem melhorar a avalia&#231;&#227;o, mas a ultrassonografia pulmonar (USP) tem sido usada recentemente como uma ferramenta sens&#237;vel nesse cen&#225;rio.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref> Ela pode estimar a press&#227;o atrial direita usando o di&#226;metro e a varia&#231;&#227;o da veia cava e avaliar a congest&#227;o pulmonar por meio da contagem de linhas B nas zonas tor&#225;cicas. As linhas B s&#227;o artefatos hiperecoicos no USP que aparecem como linhas verticais da linha pleural at&#233; a parte inferior da tela e representam o espessamento dos septos interlobulares. Dados recentes relatam a associa&#231;&#227;o de linhas B na USP com maiores taxas de mortalidade e hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref>
		</p>
    <p>Neste n&#250;mero dos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, uma revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica e metan&#225;lise avaliou o valor progn&#243;stico da congest&#227;o pulmonar representada pelas linhas B em pacientes com IC.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref> A metan&#225;lise incluiu 8 estudos envolvendo pacientes hospitalizados e ambulatoriais e tr&#234;s an&#225;lises diferentes foram executadas. Primeiro, entre pacientes com IC hospitalizados, &gt;15 e &gt;30 linhas B na alta se correlacionaram significativamente com risco aumentado de &#243;bito ou hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por IC em tr&#234;s estudos (FC, 3,37, IC 95%, 1,52&#8211;7,47; I<sup>2</sup>=0% p=0,003 e FC, 4,01, IC 95% 2,29&#8211;7,01; I<sup>2</sup>=0%, p&lt;0,001, respectivamente). Segundo, as linhas B na alta estiveram associadas a maior risco de hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o em dois outros estudos (FC, 1,05, IC 95% 1,01&#8211;1,09, I<sup>2</sup>=87%, p=0,01), com maior associa&#231;&#227;o e menor heterogeneidade na an&#225;lise de subgrupo considerando as linhas B&gt;30 na alta (FC, 9,01, IC 95%, 2,08&#8211;28,93, I<sup>2</sup>=0%, p&lt;0,001). Terceiro, entre pacientes ambulatoriais, as linhas B&gt;3 aumentaram significativamente o risco de &#243;bito ou hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por IC em cinco estudos (FC, 3,21, IC 95%, 2,09&#8211;4,93, I<sup>2</sup>=10%, p&lt;0,00001).</p>
    <p>Algumas limita&#231;&#245;es devem ser destacadas: a heterogeneidade dos estudos n&#227;o permitiu aos autores definir um &#250;nico desfecho prim&#225;rio para incluir todos os estudos, limitando, assim, o n&#250;mero de pacientes para cada an&#225;lise. Existem diferentes protocolos para avalia&#231;&#227;o das linhas B e o manejo de pacientes com IC n&#227;o foi avaliado. Nenhum dos estudos estratificou a IC por fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o, embora a fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dia de todos os estudos fosse inferior a 50%. Grandes ensaios cl&#237;nicos randomizados s&#227;o necess&#225;rios para confirmar esses achados.</p>
    <p>Por outro lado, essa metan&#225;lise nos permite formular uma hip&#243;tese. A avalia&#231;&#227;o da congest&#227;o na alta costuma ser falha, mas, ao mesmo tempo, a descongest&#227;o &#233; fundamental.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> Portanto, uma ferramenta extra poderia ser usada para ajudar na descongest&#227;o. Essa foi a justificativa para o ensaio PRIMA II, um ensaio randomizado que avaliou a por&#231;&#227;o N-terminal do pr&#243;-horm&#244;nio do pept&#237;deo natriur&#233;tico tipo B como alvo para dar alta a pacientes com IC descompensada aguda, mas nenhuma diferen&#231;a foi encontrada em &#243;bitos ou hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es em 180 dias.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref> Mas quais seriam os efeitos da avalia&#231;&#227;o da USP na alta visando um determinado n&#250;mero de linhas B? Ajudaria a orientar a terapia para a descongest&#227;o completa? Em &#250;ltima an&#225;lise, reduziria as hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es e a mortalidade na IC? Definitivamente, mais dados s&#227;o necess&#225;rios, e este &#233; um campo promissor.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Valor Progn&#243;stico da Ultrassonografia Pulmonar para Resultados Cl&#237;nicos em Pacientes com Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca: Uma Revis&#227;o Sistem&#225;tica e Metan&#225;lise</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pol</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kortz</surname>
              <given-names>RA</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>NT-proBNP (N-Terminal pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide)-Guided Therapy in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure: PRIMA II Randomized Controlled Trial (Can NT-ProBNP-Guided Therapy During Hospital Admission for Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Reduce Mortality and Readmissions?)</article-title>
          <source>Circulation</source>
          <year>2018</year>
          <volume>137</volume>
          <issue>16</issue>
          <fpage>1671</fpage>
          <lpage>1683</lpage>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>9. Stienen S, Salah K, Moons AH, Bakx AL, Pol P, Kortz RA, et al. NT-proBNP (N-Terminal pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide)-Guided Therapy in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure: PRIMA II Randomized Controlled Trial (Can NT-ProBNP-Guided Therapy During Hospital Admission for Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Reduce Mortality and Readmissions?). Circulation. 04 2018;137(16):1671-83.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Is There a Role for Lung Ultrasonography in the Prognosis of Heart Failure Patients?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3712-1175</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Avila</surname>
            <given-names>M&#244;nica Samuel</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0207-3986</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Belfort</surname>
            <given-names>Deborah De S&#225; Pereira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: M&#244;nica Samuel Avila</bold> &#8226; Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas, Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o &#8211; Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44. Postal Code <postal-code>05403-000</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil, E-mail: <email>mo_avila@hotmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Heart Failure</kwd>
        <kwd>Prognosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Hospitalization</kwd>
        <kwd>Mortality</kwd>
        <kwd>Lung/ultrasonography</kwd>
        <kwd>Natriuretic Peptides</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Heart failure (HF) hospitalizations are most commonly motivated by systemic and pulmonary congestion, leading to 5&#8211;15% of mortality rate and up to 50% of readmission rate in 90 days.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> Although the usual goal during hospitalization is complete decongestion, 30% of patients have residual congestion at discharge.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref> Signs of congestion, high filling pressures and elevated natriuretic peptides are associated with higher mortality and readmission rates, and residual congestion at discharge is also associated with worse prognosis.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref>
			</p>
      <p>Congestion assessment is usually difficult given the low sensitivity and/or specificity of physical examination findings.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> Chest radiography and natriuretic peptides can improve evaluation, but lung ultrasonography (LUS) has been recently used as a sensitive tool in this scenario.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref> It can estimate right atrial pressure using vena cava diameter and variation and evaluate lung congestion by counting B-lines in chest zones. B-lines are hyperechoic artefacts on LUS which appear as vertical lines from the pleural line to the bottom of the screen and represent thickening of interlobular septa. Recent data report association of B-lines in LUS with higher mortality and hospitalization rates.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref>
			</p>
      <p>In this issue of Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, a systematic review and metanalysis evaluated the prognostic value of pulmonary congestion represented by B-lines in patients with HF.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref> The metanalysis included 8 studies involving hospitalized and outpatients and three different analyses were executed. Firstly, among hospitalized HF patients, &gt;15 and &gt;30 B-lines at discharge significantly correlated with increased risk of death or HF hospitalization in three studies (HR, 3.37, 95% CI, 1.52&#8211;7.47; I<sup>2</sup>=0% p=0.003 and HR, 4.01, 95% IC 2.29&#8211;7.01; I<sup>2</sup>=0%, p&lt;0.001, respectively). Secondly, B-lines at discharge were associated with increased risk of hospitalization in two other studies (HR, 1.05, 95% CI 1.01&#8211;1.09, I<sup>2</sup>=87%, p=0.01), with higher association and lower heterogeneity in subgroup analysis considering B-lines&gt;30 at discharge (HR, 9.01, 95% CI, 2.08&#8211;28.93, I<sup>2</sup>=0%, p&lt;0.001). Thirdly, among outpatients, B-lines&gt;3 significantly increased risk of death or HF hospitalization in five studies (HR, 3.21, 95% IC, 2.09&#8211;4.93, I<sup>2</sup>=10%, p&lt;0.00001).</p>
      <p>Some limitations must be highlighted: the heterogeneity of studies did not allow the authors to define a single primary outcome to include all studies, thus limiting the number of patients for each analysis. There are different protocols for B-line evaluation, and management of HF patients was not evaluated. None of the studies stratified HF by ejection fraction, although the mean ejection fraction of all studies was below 50%. Large randomized trials are required to confirm these findings.</p>
      <p>On the other hand, this metanalysis enables us to formulate a hypothesis. Congestion evaluation at discharge is often flawed, but, at the same time, decongestion is fundamental.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> Therefore, an extra tool could be used to help achieving decongestion. This was the rationale for the PRIMA II trial, a randomized trial evaluating N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide as a target to discharge acute decompensated HF patients, but no difference was found in death or hospitalizations in 180 days.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref> But what would be the effects of LUS evaluation at discharge targeting a certain number of B-lines? Would it help guiding therapy towards complete decongestion? Ultimately, would it reduce hospitalizations and mortality in HF? Definitely, more data is needed, and this is a promising field.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Prognostic Value of Lung Ultrasound for Clinical Outcomes in Heart Failure Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
