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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">YNHQRxqZLCMZVYt7qyPcxSF</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00371</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2021000400371</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="previous-pid">S0066-782X2021005003203</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20200821</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20200821</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigo Original</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Redu&#231;&#227;o na Hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o e Aumento na Mortalidade por Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares durante a Pandemia da COVID-19 no Brasil</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4178-2910</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Normando</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo Garcia</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8627-3661</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Araujo-Filho</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; de Arimat&#233;ia</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8510-0099</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Fonseca</surname>
            <given-names>Gabriela de Alc&#226;ntara</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6881-712X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Rodrigues</surname>
            <given-names>Rodrigo Elton Ferreira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7659-0308</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Victor Agripino</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5645-2055</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Hajjar</surname>
            <given-names>Ludhmila Abrah&#227;o</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1777-477X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Almeida</surname>
            <given-names>Andr&#233; Luiz Cerqueira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>5</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bocchi</surname>
            <given-names>Edimar Alcides</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Salemi</surname>
            <given-names>Vera Maria Cury</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8809-8783</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Melo</surname>
            <given-names>Marcelo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label> 1 </label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal da Para&#237;ba</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Jo&#227;o Pessoa</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">PB</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original"> Universidade Federal da Para&#237;ba , Jo&#227;o Pessoa , PB - Brasil </institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label> 2 </label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o - Centro de Diagn&#243;stico por Imagem</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original"> Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o - Centro de Diagn&#243;stico por Imagem , S&#227;o Paulo , SP - Brasil </institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label> 3 </label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital S&#237;rio Liban&#234;s</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original"> Hospital S&#237;rio Liban&#234;s , S&#227;o Paulo , SP - Brasil </institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label> 4 </label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto de Cora&#231;&#227;o &#8211; Cardiopneumologia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original"> Instituto de Cora&#231;&#227;o &#8211; Cardiopneumologia , S&#227;o Paulo , SP - Brasil </institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff5">
        <label> 5 </label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Santa Casa de Miseric&#243;rdia de Feira de Santana</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Feira de Santana</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original"> Santa Casa de Miseric&#243;rdia de Feira de Santana &#8211; Cardiologia, Feira de Santana , BA - Brasil </institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01">Correspond&#234;ncia: Marcelo Melo &#8226; Universidade Federal da Para&#237;ba - Jardim Universit&#225;rio, S/N. CEP 58051-900, Campus I, Castelo Branco, Jo&#227;o Pessoa, PB &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>marcelot@alumni.usp.br</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos Autores</p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa, Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados e An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica: Normando PG, Fonseca GA, Rodrigues REF, Oliveira VA, Melo M; An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados e Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Normando PG, Araujo-Filho JA, Fonseca GA, Rodrigues REF, Oliveira VA, Hajjar LA, Almeida ALC, Bocchi EA, Salemi VMC, Melo M; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Araujo-Filho JA, Hajjar LA, Almeida ALC, Bocchi EA, Salemi VMC, Melo M.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potencial Conflito de Interesses</p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>08</day>
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>116</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>371</fpage>
      <lpage>380</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>25</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>22</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>14</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento</title>
          <p>Na pandemia pela COVID-19, o aumento da ocorr&#234;ncia e da mortalidade por doen&#231;as cardiovasculares (DCV) vem sendo reconhecido no mundo. No Brasil, &#233; essencial que o impacto da COVID-19 na DCV seja analisado.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivos</title>
          <p>Avaliar o impacto desta pandemia nos n&#250;meros de interna&#231;&#245;es hospitalares (IH), &#243;bitos hospitalares (OH) e letalidade intra-hospitalar (LH) por DCV a partir de dados epidemiol&#243;gicos do Sistema &#218;nico de Sa&#250;de (SUS).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos</title>
          <p>Estudo observacional de s&#233;ries temporais por meio da an&#225;lise comparativa das taxas de IH, OH e LH por DCV registrados entre janeiro e maio de 2020, usando como refer&#234;ncia os valores obtidos no mesmo per&#237;odo entre 2016 e 2019 e os valores projetados por m&#233;todos de regress&#227;o linear para o ano de 2020. O n&#237;vel signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica utilizado foi de 0,05.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados</title>
          <p>Em compara&#231;&#227;o com o mesmo per&#237;odo de 2019, houve um decr&#233;scimo de 15% na taxa de IH e de 9% no total de OH por DCV entre mar&#231;o e maio de 2020, acompanhado de um aumento de 9% na taxa de LH por esse grupo de doen&#231;as, sobretudo entre pacientes com idade de 20-59 anos. As taxas de IH e LH registradas em 2020 diferiram significativamente da tend&#234;ncia projetada para o corrente ano (p=0,0005 e 0,0318, respectivamente).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#245;es</title>
          <p>Durante os primeiros meses da pandemia, observou-se um decl&#237;nio na IH associado a um aumento da LH por DCV no Brasil. Esses dados possivelmente s&#227;o consequ&#234;ncia do planejamento inadequado no manejo das DCV durante a pandemia, sendo necess&#225;ria a implementa&#231;&#227;o de a&#231;&#245;es imediatas para modificar esse cen&#225;rio. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>COVID-19</kwd>
        <kwd>Betacoronav&#237;rus</kwd>
        <kwd>Pandemia</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares/complica&#231;&#245;es</kwd>
        <kwd>Epidemiologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Mortalidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Comorbidades</kwd>
        <kwd>Sistema &#218;nico de Sa&#250;de (SUS)</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="2"/>
        <table-count count="6"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="24"/>
        <page-count count="NaN"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>A COVID-19 (sigla do ingl&#234;s <italic>Coronavirus Disease</italic> - 2019) foi declarada uma pandemia pela Organiza&#231;&#227;o Mundial da Sa&#250;de em 11 de mar&#231;o de 2020. Em julho de 2020, o Brasil era o segundo pa&#237;s do mundo em n&#250;mero de casos e mortes por COVID-19. Dados do dia 24 de julho de 2020 registraram 2.276.860 casos confirmados da doen&#231;a no pa&#237;s, respons&#225;vel por 84.551 mortes. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Considerando que a transmiss&#227;o se d&#225; principalmente por got&#237;culas expelidas durante a fala, tosse e espirro ou pela contamina&#231;&#227;o de superf&#237;cies, <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> restri&#231;&#245;es &#224; circula&#231;&#227;o e contato entre pessoas foram propostas pelas autoridades governamentais e de sa&#250;de p&#250;blica na maioria dos pa&#237;ses ocidentais. No Brasil, os desafios log&#237;sticos para atender &#224; demanda de pacientes inclu&#237;ram a amplia&#231;&#227;o de leitos em unidades de terapia intensiva e enfermarias, a suspens&#227;o de atendimentos e da realiza&#231;&#227;o de exames complementares e de procedimentos eletivos, bem como o direcionamento dos recursos p&#250;blicos para o atendimento dessa doen&#231;a. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Estudos populacionais em outros pa&#237;ses registraram uma redu&#231;&#227;o relativa nas admiss&#245;es hospitalares por doen&#231;as cardiovasculares (DCV) durante a corrente pandemia, <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> associada a um aumento nas taxas de letalidade previamente relacionadas a esse grupo de doen&#231;as, <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> motivo de grande preocupa&#231;&#227;o entre a comunidade m&#233;dica e cient&#237;fica internacional.</p>
      <p>Diante do exposto, testamos a hip&#243;tese de que, durante a pandemia da COVID-19, um menor n&#250;mero de atendimentos e de interven&#231;&#245;es cardiovasculares tenha ocorrido e tal fato poderia resultar em uma maior letalidade intra-hospitalar por DCV na popula&#231;&#227;o geral. Utilizando bases de dados de dom&#237;nio p&#250;blico do Sistema &#218;nico de Sa&#250;de (SUS), o presente estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar o impacto da pandemia nos n&#250;meros de interna&#231;&#245;es hospitalares e na letalidade intra-hospitalar por DCV no territ&#243;rio nacional entre janeiro e maio de 2020, em compara&#231;&#227;o com o mesmo per&#237;odo dos quatro anos anteriores, englobando a busca de elementos cl&#237;nicos pr&#233;-hospitalares, incluindo procedimentos eletivos, que corroboram essas evid&#234;ncias.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>M&#233;todos</title>
      <p>Este &#233; um estudo observacional de s&#233;ries temporais, que compreende as interna&#231;&#245;es, &#243;bitos hospitalares, taxa de letalidade intra-hospitalar (percentual de &#243;bitos dentre as interna&#231;&#245;es) e procedimentos hospitalares e ambulatoriais realizados &#8211; sendo os dois primeiros divididos nos grupamentos infanto-juvenil (faixa et&#225;ria de 0 at&#233; 19 anos), adulto (20 a 59 anos) e idosos (60 anos ou mais) &#8211; em raz&#227;o de condi&#231;&#245;es relacionadas ao sistema cardiovascular nos servi&#231;os pr&#243;prios e conveniados ao SUS entre janeiro e maio dos anos de 2016 a 2020. Os dados foram coletados em 9 de julho de 2020 mediante busca nos Sistemas de Informa&#231;&#245;es Hospitalares e Ambulatoriais do SUS (SIH e SIA/SUS, respectivamente), dispon&#237;veis na plataforma DATASUS e, portanto, p&#250;blicos e an&#244;nimos em conformidade com o artigo I da resolu&#231;&#227;o 510/2016 da Comiss&#227;o Nacional de &#201;tica em Pesquisa. Vale ressaltar que atualiza&#231;&#245;es de interna&#231;&#245;es passadas podem ocorrer na plataforma e, portanto, n&#227;o h&#225; como se certificar que todos os dados est&#227;o consolidados, independentemente do ano.</p>
      <p>Para a an&#225;lise dos procedimentos, foram utilizados os c&#243;digos do Sistema de Gerenciamento da Tabela de Procedimentos, Medicamentos e &#211;rteses, Pr&#243;teses e Materiais do SUS (SIGTAP). Foram somadas as produ&#231;&#245;es hospitalar e ambulatorial de cada procedimento selecionado, considerando todos os c&#243;digos de procedimento correlacionados, sendo eles:</p>
      <p>Procedimentos diagn&#243;sticos: cateterismo card&#237;aco, ecocardiografia (de estresse, transesof&#225;gica e transtor&#225;cica), eletrocardiograma, implante de marca-passo card&#237;aco, monitoramento pelo sistema Holter 24 horas, monitoriza&#231;&#227;o ambulatorial de press&#227;o arterial ( MAPA ), teste de esfor&#231;o/ergom&#233;trico.</p>
      <p>Procedimentos cir&#250;rgicos: cirurgias cardiovascular, endovascular e vascular.</p>
      <p>Para o n&#250;mero de interna&#231;&#245;es, &#243;bitos hospitalares e letalidade intra-hospitalar, foram selecionados, para cada uma das tr&#234;s faixas et&#225;rias, os registros dos diagn&#243;sticos secund&#225;rios relacionados a patologias cardiovasculares correspondentes &#224; Lista de Morbidade da D&#233;cima Revis&#227;o da Classifica&#231;&#227;o Estat&#237;stica Internacional de Doen&#231;as e Problemas Relacionados &#224; Sa&#250;de (CID-10). As seguintes categorias de doen&#231;as foram consideradas: acidente vascular cerebral (AVC), doen&#231;as hipertensivas (hipertens&#227;o arterial essencial e outras doen&#231;as hipertensivas), doen&#231;as reum&#225;ticas (febre reum&#225;tica aguda e doen&#231;a reum&#225;tica cr&#244;nica do cora&#231;&#227;o), infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio (IAM), insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, malforma&#231;&#245;es cong&#234;nitas do aparelho circulat&#243;rio e transtornos de condu&#231;&#227;o e arritmias.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>An&#225;lise Estat&#237;stica</title>
        <p>Uma vez que os dados de procedimentos e cirurgias est&#227;o discriminados no sistema apenas quanto &#224; sua natureza (ambulatorial ou hospitalar), uma an&#225;lise descritiva de como tais procedimentos se dividiam nessas categorias foi realizada. Com rela&#231;&#227;o aos dados de interna&#231;&#227;o e &#243;bitos hospitalares, vari&#225;veis como g&#234;nero, faixa et&#225;ria, cor/ra&#231;a e car&#225;ter de atendimento (urg&#234;ncia ou emerg&#234;ncia) foram consideradas.</p>
        <p>Tendo como objetivo entender o poss&#237;vel impacto da pandemia na din&#226;mica dos procedimentos, interna&#231;&#245;es e &#243;bitos hospitalares relacionados &#224;s DCV, foram comparados os montantes relativos aos meses de mar&#231;o, abril e maio &#8211; meses mais afetados no presente ano pela pandemia no Brasil &#8211; para os anos de 2016 a 2020. Foram confrontados os valores registrados entre 2019 e 2020 e a varia&#231;&#227;o percentual correspondente entre eles. Vale ressaltar que uma varia&#231;&#227;o na quantidade de interna&#231;&#245;es e &#243;bitos hospitalares entre um ano e outro ou uma mudan&#231;a na m&#233;dia dos anos anteriores com rela&#231;&#227;o ao ano atual n&#227;o &#233; causada necessariamente pela pandemia. Consideramos essa varia&#231;&#227;o hipot&#233;tica uma poss&#237;vel consequ&#234;ncia de uma tend&#234;ncia j&#225; estabelecida nos anos anteriores. Finalmente, o valor esperado para o ano de 2020 foi estimado, por meio de regress&#227;o linear. Tal an&#225;lise permite presumir se a quantidade de procedimentos, de cirurgias, de interna&#231;&#245;es e de &#243;bitos hospitalares ou a taxa de letalidade intra-hospitalar que vinha sendo observada nos anos anteriores a 2020 apresentava uma tend&#234;ncia de crescimento ou redu&#231;&#227;o. Portanto, a an&#225;lise realizada capturou tanto a tend&#234;ncia dos anos quanto as varia&#231;&#245;es estat&#237;sticas que ocorreram nos anos anteriores.</p>
        <p>Embora testes de normalidade n&#227;o tenham sido realizados, assumiu-se a normalidade dos dados ao longo do tempo considerando-se o teorema central do limite, visto que o dado de cada ano &#233; uma totaliza&#231;&#227;o de diversas vari&#225;veis aleat&#243;rias. A homocedasticidade n&#227;o pode ser completamente verificada, uma vez que o DATASUS n&#227;o fornece os dados inteiramente individualizados.</p>
        <p>Tais an&#225;lises estat&#237;sticas foram realizadas tanto com o montante de cirurgias e procedimentos, como individualmente para cada procedimento/cirurgia. Da mesma maneira, essas an&#225;lises foram feitas para interna&#231;&#245;es, &#243;bitos hospitalares e letalidade intra-hospitalar, tanto considerando cada morbidade estudada individualmente como considerando a soma de todas elas, ou seja, uma an&#225;lise das causas cardiovasculares de uma forma geral.</p>
        <p>Como a regress&#227;o linear apresenta um erro gaussiano, foi realizado o teste <italic>t</italic> de Student para m&#233;dia de uma amostra de modo a comparar os valores projetados com os registrados em 2020, sendo rejeitada a hip&#243;tese nula com um p&lt;0,05 (intervalo de confian&#231;a de 95%). Os programas Microsoft&#174; Excel&#174; e Scilab&#174; 6.1.0 foram utilizados para realizar as an&#225;lises estat&#237;sticas descritas e confec&#231;&#227;o das tabula&#231;&#245;es e gr&#225;ficos.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Resultados</title>
      <sec>
        <title>An&#225;lise Descritiva</title>
        <p>A partir dos dados coletados referentes aos meses de janeiro a maio dos anos de 2016 a 2020, foram levantados 35.744.058 procedimentos, 1.336.472 interna&#231;&#245;es e 142.157 &#243;bitos hospitalares, sendo os dois &#250;ltimos divididos por regi&#227;o, g&#234;nero, faixa et&#225;ria, ra&#231;a/cor e car&#225;ter de atendimento conforme dados demonstrados na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref> . Os dados completos que ilustram a varia&#231;&#227;o dos n&#250;meros iniciando em mar&#231;o de 2020 s&#227;o apresentados nas figuras do material suplementar.</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t1">
            <label>Tabela 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; An&#225;lise descritiva do n&#250;mero de procedimentos, cirurgias, interna&#231;&#245;es e &#243;bitos hospitalares nos meses de janeiro a maio dos anos de 2016 a 2020</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal">
									</th>
                  <th colspan="2">HOSPITALARES</th>
                  <th colspan="2">AMBULATORIAIS</th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal">
									</th>
                  <th>Quantidade</th>
                  <th>Percentual</th>
                  <th>Quantidade</th>
                  <th>Percentual</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="5">
                    <bold>Procedimentos</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Cateterismo adulto</td>
                  <td align="center">209.926</td>
                  <td align="center">3,66%</td>
                  <td align="center">252.162</td>
                  <td align="center">0,87%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Ecocardiografia</td>
                  <td align="center">989.776</td>
                  <td align="center">17,24%</td>
                  <td align="center">2.751.796</td>
                  <td align="center">9,53%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Eletrocardiograma</td>
                  <td align="center">4.461.799</td>
                  <td align="center">77,71%</td>
                  <td align="center">21.587.674</td>
                  <td align="center">74,75%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Implante de marca-passo</td>
                  <td align="center">48.666</td>
                  <td align="center">0,85%</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">MAPA</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">2.763.748</td>
                  <td align="center">9,57%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Monitoramento Holter</td>
                  <td align="center">26.119</td>
                  <td align="center">0,45%</td>
                  <td align="center">513.471</td>
                  <td align="center">1,78%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Teste ergom&#233;trico</td>
                  <td align="center">5.630</td>
                  <td align="center">0,10%</td>
                  <td align="center">1.010.144</td>
                  <td align="center">3,50%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>Total</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>5.741.916</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>100,00%</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>28.878.995</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>100,00%</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="5">
                    <bold>Cirurgias</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Cardiovascular</td>
                  <td align="center">193.787</td>
                  <td align="center">36,45%</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Endovascular</td>
                  <td align="center">48.024</td>
                  <td align="center">9,03%</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Vascular</td>
                  <td align="center">289.815</td>
                  <td align="center">54,51%</td>
                  <td align="center">591.521</td>
                  <td align="center">100,00%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>Total</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>531.626</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>100,00%</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>591.521</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>100,00%</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="5">
                    <bold>Procedimentos</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="5">Regi&#227;o</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Norte</td>
                  <td align="center">179.761</td>
                  <td align="center">3,13%</td>
                  <td align="center">1.442.382</td>
                  <td align="center">4,99%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Nordeste</td>
                  <td align="center">896.916</td>
                  <td align="center">15,62%</td>
                  <td align="center">5.551.764</td>
                  <td align="center">19,22%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Sudeste</td>
                  <td align="center">3.071.586</td>
                  <td align="center">53,49%</td>
                  <td align="center">15.271.343</td>
                  <td align="center">52,88%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Sul</td>
                  <td align="center">1.236.067</td>
                  <td align="center">21,53%</td>
                  <td align="center">4.285.803</td>
                  <td align="center">14,84%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Centro-Oeste</td>
                  <td align="center">357.586</td>
                  <td align="center">6,23%</td>
                  <td align="center">2.327.703</td>
                  <td align="center">8,06%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>Brasil</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>5.741.916</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>100,00%</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>28.878.995</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>100,00%</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="5">
                    <bold>Cirurgias</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="5">Regi&#227;o</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Norte</td>
                  <td align="center">13.676</td>
                  <td align="center">2,57%</td>
                  <td align="center">13.774</td>
                  <td align="center">2,33%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Nordeste</td>
                  <td align="center">98.475</td>
                  <td align="center">18,52%</td>
                  <td align="center">442.540</td>
                  <td align="center">74,81%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Sudeste</td>
                  <td align="center">239.747</td>
                  <td align="center">45,10%</td>
                  <td align="center">81.777</td>
                  <td align="center">13,82%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Sul</td>
                  <td align="center">140.536</td>
                  <td align="center">26,44%</td>
                  <td align="center">43.469</td>
                  <td align="center">7,35%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Centro-Oeste</td>
                  <td align="center">39.192</td>
                  <td align="center">7,37%</td>
                  <td align="center">9.961</td>
                  <td align="center">1,68%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Brasil</td>
                  <td align="center">531.626</td>
                  <td align="center">100,00%</td>
                  <td align="center">591.521</td>
                  <td align="center">100,00%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">
                    <bold>INTERNA&#199;&#213;ES</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">
                    <bold>&#211;BITOS</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>Quantidade</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>Percentual</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>Quantidade</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>Percentual</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="5">
                    <bold>Morbidade</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">AVC</td>
                  <td align="center">357.040</td>
                  <td align="center">26,72%</td>
                  <td align="center">52.239</td>
                  <td align="center">36,75%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Doen&#231;as Hipertensivas</td>
                  <td align="center">153.048</td>
                  <td align="center">11,45%</td>
                  <td align="center">2.920</td>
                  <td align="center">2,05%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Doen&#231;as Reum&#225;ticas</td>
                  <td align="center">19.125</td>
                  <td align="center">1,43%</td>
                  <td align="center">1.329</td>
                  <td align="center">0,93%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">IAM</td>
                  <td align="center">242.143</td>
                  <td align="center">18,12%</td>
                  <td align="center">24.753</td>
                  <td align="center">17,41%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca</td>
                  <td align="center">399.416</td>
                  <td align="center">29,89%</td>
                  <td align="center">43.906</td>
                  <td align="center">30,89%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Malforma&#231;&#245;es cong&#234;nitas</td>
                  <td align="center">33.939</td>
                  <td align="center">2,54%</td>
                  <td align="center">2.370</td>
                  <td align="center">1,67%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Transtornos de condu&#231;&#227;o e arritmias</td>
                  <td align="center">131.761</td>
                  <td align="center">9,86%</td>
                  <td align="center">14.640</td>
                  <td align="center">10,30%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>Total</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>1.336.472</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>100,00%</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>142.157</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>100,00%</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="5">
                    <bold>Regi&#227;o</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Norte</td>
                  <td align="center">77.577</td>
                  <td align="center">5,80%</td>
                  <td align="center">8.578</td>
                  <td align="center">6,03%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Nordeste</td>
                  <td align="center">327.515</td>
                  <td align="center">24,51%</td>
                  <td align="center">35.749</td>
                  <td align="center">25,15%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Sudeste</td>
                  <td align="center">563.293</td>
                  <td align="center">42,15%</td>
                  <td align="center">63.609</td>
                  <td align="center">44,75%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Sul</td>
                  <td align="center">270.995</td>
                  <td align="center">20,28%</td>
                  <td align="center">23.624</td>
                  <td align="center">16,62%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Centro-Oeste</td>
                  <td align="center">97.092</td>
                  <td align="center">7,26%</td>
                  <td align="center">10.597</td>
                  <td align="center">7,45%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>Total</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>1.336.472</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>100,00%</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>142.157</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>100,00%</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="5">
                    <bold>Sexo</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Masculino</td>
                  <td align="center">704.163</td>
                  <td align="center">52,69%</td>
                  <td align="center">73.227</td>
                  <td align="center">51,51%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Feminino</td>
                  <td align="center">632.309</td>
                  <td align="center">47,31%</td>
                  <td align="center">68.930</td>
                  <td align="center">48,49%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>Total</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>1.336.472</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>100,00%</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>142.157</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>100,00%</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="5">
                    <bold>Ra&#231;a/Cor</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Branca</td>
                  <td align="center">491.422</td>
                  <td align="center">36,77%</td>
                  <td align="center">48.962</td>
                  <td align="center">34,44%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Preta</td>
                  <td align="center">58.968</td>
                  <td align="center">4,41%</td>
                  <td align="center">6.301</td>
                  <td align="center">4,43%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Parda</td>
                  <td align="center">435.848</td>
                  <td align="center">32,61%</td>
                  <td align="center">46.276</td>
                  <td align="center">32,55%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Amarela</td>
                  <td align="center">28.768</td>
                  <td align="center">2,15%</td>
                  <td align="center">2.764</td>
                  <td align="center">1,94%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Ind&#237;gena</td>
                  <td align="center">1.025</td>
                  <td align="center">0,08%</td>
                  <td align="center">107</td>
                  <td align="center">0,08%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Sem informa&#231;&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">320.441</td>
                  <td align="center">23,98%</td>
                  <td align="center">37.747</td>
                  <td align="center">26,55%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>Total</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>1.336.472</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>100,00%</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>142.157</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>100,00%</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="5">
                    <bold>Faixa et&#225;ria (anos)</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">0-19</td>
                  <td align="center">44.658</td>
                  <td align="center">3,34%</td>
                  <td align="center">3.241</td>
                  <td align="center">2,28%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">20-59</td>
                  <td align="center">415.122</td>
                  <td align="center">31,06%</td>
                  <td align="center">29.245</td>
                  <td align="center">20,57%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">60+</td>
                  <td align="center">876.692</td>
                  <td align="center">65,60%</td>
                  <td align="center">109.671</td>
                  <td align="center">77,15%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>Total</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>1.336.472</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>100,00%</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>142.157</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>100,00%</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="5">
                    <bold>Car&#225;ter de atendimento</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Eletivo</td>
                  <td align="center">104.229</td>
                  <td align="center">7,80%</td>
                  <td align="center">5.454</td>
                  <td align="center">3,84%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Urg&#234;ncia</td>
                  <td align="center">1.232.243</td>
                  <td align="center">92,20%</td>
                  <td align="center">136.703</td>
                  <td align="center">96,16%</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>Total</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>1.336.472</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>100,00%</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>142.157</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>100,00%</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN1">
                <p>
                  <italic>AVC: acidente vascular cerebral; IAM: infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio; MAPA: medi&#231;&#227;o ambulatorial da press&#227;o arterial.</italic>
                </p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>An&#225;lise Gr&#225;fica</title>
        <p>A <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura 1A</xref> apresenta os dados relativos aos procedimentos diagn&#243;sticos e cir&#250;rgicos pesquisados entre os anos 2016 e 2020, para os meses de mar&#231;o a maio. Tamb&#233;m s&#227;o expostas as proje&#231;&#245;es para 2020 que foram calculadas utilizando-se os dados de 2016 a 2019. Nota-se uma tend&#234;ncia de crescimento do n&#250;mero de procedimentos diagn&#243;sticos e cir&#250;rgicos (linhas pontilhadas) para o ano de 2020. No entanto, os dados reais mostram uma queda expressiva quando comparados aos realizados no ano anterior.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f01">
            <label>Figura 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; An&#225;lise da tend&#234;ncia do n&#250;mero de (a) procedimentos, cirurgias; (b) interna&#231;&#245;es, &#243;bitos; e (c) taxa de letalidade intra-hospitalar nos meses de mar&#231;o a maio dos anos de 2016 a 2020. p-valor calculado a partir da diferen&#231;a entre o valor projetado e o registrado em 2020 utilizando a distribui&#231;&#227;o t de Student.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-03-0371-00821-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>A <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura 1B</xref> apresenta a quantidade de interna&#231;&#245;es e &#243;bitos hospitalares registrados, considerando todas as morbidades pesquisadas. Tamb&#233;m s&#227;o expostas as proje&#231;&#245;es para 2020, que foram calculadas utilizando os dados de 2016 a 2019. O comportamento observado &#233; semelhante ao do gr&#225;fico anterior, onde existe uma tend&#234;ncia de crescimento n&#227;o confirmada no ano de 2020, quando se observa uma queda acentuada. Com rela&#231;&#227;o ao n&#250;mero de &#243;bitos, a tend&#234;ncia projetada seria de manuten&#231;&#227;o, o que contrasta com a intensa redu&#231;&#227;o no n&#250;mero de &#243;bitos hospitalares registrados nos meses de mar&#231;o a maio de 2020.</p>
        <p>A <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura 1C</xref> destaca a taxa de letalidade intra-hospitalar geral por DCV registrada. Pode ser percebido um dr&#225;stico aumento na taxa de letalidade intra-hospitalar em 2020 se comparado aos n&#250;meros registrados nos anos anteriores. Nesse caso, a dire&#231;&#227;o da varia&#231;&#227;o &#233; oposta &#224;s observadas para interna&#231;&#245;es e &#243;bitos hospitalares, que apresentaram decr&#233;scimo em 2020.</p>
        <p>Tal an&#225;lise foi replicada para cada tipo de procedimento e cirurgia, assim como para interna&#231;&#245;es, &#243;bitos hospitalares e taxa de letalidade intra-hospitalar em cada patologia estudada. Esses resultados s&#227;o sumarizados nas <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Tabelas 2</xref> e <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">3</xref> , apresentando o registro de 2019 e 2020 para a diferen&#231;a percentual entre esses anos, o valor projetado para 2020 (que indica a tend&#234;ncia de 2016 a 2019), o intervalo de confian&#231;a e o valor de p dessa proje&#231;&#227;o. Os resultados detalhados por faixa et&#225;ria s&#227;o apresentados no material suplementar do artigo.</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t2">
            <label>Tabela 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica da redu&#231;&#227;o do n&#250;mero de procedimentos e cirurgias nos meses de mar&#231;o a maio comparando-se os anos de 2019 e 2020</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal">
									</th>
                  <th colspan="2">Quantidade de procedimentos</th>
                  <th rowspan="2">Diferen&#231;a percentual 2020 - 2019</th>
                  <th rowspan="2">Quantidade de procedimentos estimados em 2020 (mar&#231;o-maio)</th>
                  <th rowspan="2">Intervalo de confian&#231;a (IC 95%)</th>
                  <th rowspan="2">p-valor</th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th>2019 mar&#231;o-maio</th>
                  <th>2020 mar&#231;o-maio</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="1">
                    <bold>Procedimentos</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Cateterismo adulto</td>
                  <td align="center">61.502</td>
                  <td align="center">44.652</td>
                  <td align="center">-27%</td>
                  <td align="center">63.823</td>
                  <td align="center">68.921 &#8211; 58.724</td>
                  <td align="center">0,0041</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Ecocardiografia</td>
                  <td align="center">530.448</td>
                  <td align="center">307.221</td>
                  <td align="center">-42%</td>
                  <td align="center">568.014</td>
                  <td align="center">599.663 &#8211; 536.364</td>
                  <td align="center">0,0009</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Eletrocardiograma</td>
                  <td align="center">3.624.680</td>
                  <td align="center">2.153.969</td>
                  <td align="center">-41%</td>
                  <td align="center">3.795.712</td>
                  <td align="center">3.952.567 &#8211; 3.638.856</td>
                  <td align="center">0,0005</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Implante de marca-passo</td>
                  <td align="center">5.993</td>
                  <td align="center">5.315</td>
                  <td align="center">-11%</td>
                  <td align="center">6.129</td>
                  <td align="center">6.711 &#8211; 5.546</td>
                  <td align="center">0,0276</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>MAPA</td>
                  <td align="center">498.923</td>
                  <td align="center">127.730</td>
                  <td align="center">-74%</td>
                  <td align="center">609.445</td>
                  <td align="center">748.875 &#8211; 470.014</td>
                  <td align="center">0,0048</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Monitoramento Holter</td>
                  <td align="center">79.792</td>
                  <td align="center">38.815</td>
                  <td align="center">-51%</td>
                  <td align="center">84.592</td>
                  <td align="center">93.971 &#8211; 75.212</td>
                  <td align="center">0,0024</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Teste ergom&#233;trico</td>
                  <td align="center">137.678</td>
                  <td align="center">56.501</td>
                  <td align="center">-59%</td>
                  <td align="center">134.673</td>
                  <td align="center">149.970 &#8211; 119.375</td>
                  <td align="center">0,0022</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Todos</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>4.939.016</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>2.734.203</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>-45%</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>5.262.388</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>5.516.598 &#8211; 5.008.177</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0,0006</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="1">
                    <bold>Cirurgias</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Cardiovascular</td>
                  <td align="center">23.907</td>
                  <td align="center">20.744</td>
                  <td align="center">-13%</td>
                  <td align="center">24.045</td>
                  <td align="center">26.897 &#8211; 21.191</td>
                  <td align="center">0,0388</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Vascular</td>
                  <td align="center">101.694</td>
                  <td align="center">83.786</td>
                  <td align="center">-18%</td>
                  <td align="center">104.654</td>
                  <td align="center">159.586 &#8211; 49.720</td>
                  <td align="center">0,1914</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Endovascular</td>
                  <td align="center">37.547</td>
                  <td align="center">25.461</td>
                  <td align="center">-32%</td>
                  <td align="center">38.208</td>
                  <td align="center">45.145 &#8211; 31.269</td>
                  <td align="center">0,0165</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Todas</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>163.148</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>129.991</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>-20%</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>166.906</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>218.270 &#8211; 115.540</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0,0854</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="1">
                    <bold>TOTAL</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td>
                    <bold>5.102.164</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td>
                    <bold>2.864.194</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td>
                    <bold>-44%</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td>
                    <bold>5.429.294</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td>
                    <bold>5.670.710 &#8211; 5.187.876</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td>
                    <bold>0,0005</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN2">
                <p>
                  <italic>MAPA: medi&#231;&#227;o ambulatorial da press&#227;o arterial. Intervalos de confian&#231;a e p-valor calculados utilizando a distribui&#231;&#227;o t de Student, considerando as diferen&#231;as entre o valor projetado e o registrado em 2020.</italic>
                </p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t3">
            <label>Tabela 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica do n&#250;mero de interna&#231;&#245;es, &#243;bitos hospitalares e taxa de letalidade intra-hospitalar nos meses de mar&#231;o a maio comparando-se os anos de 2019 e 2020 </title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal">
									</th>
                  <th colspan="2">Dados registrados em</th>
                  <th rowspan="2">Diferen&#231;a percentual 2020 - 2019</th>
                  <th rowspan="2">Estimativas para 2020 mar&#231;o-maio</th>
                  <th rowspan="2">Intervalo de confian&#231;a (IC 95%)</th>
                  <th rowspan="2">p-valor</th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th>2019 mar&#231;o - maio</th>
                  <th>2020 mar&#231;o - maio</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="1">
                    <bold>Interna&#231;&#245;es</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Acidente vascular cerebral</td>
                  <td align="center">45.214</td>
                  <td align="center">39.900</td>
                  <td align="center">-12%</td>
                  <td align="center">46.199</td>
                  <td align="center">48.586 &#8211; 43.811</td>
                  <td align="center">0,0082</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Doen&#231;as hipertensivas</td>
                  <td align="center">18.278</td>
                  <td align="center">12.229</td>
                  <td align="center">-33%</td>
                  <td align="center">18.053</td>
                  <td align="center">20.331 &#8211; 15.773</td>
                  <td align="center">0,0088</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Doen&#231;as reum&#225;ticas</td>
                  <td align="center">2.403</td>
                  <td align="center">1.701</td>
                  <td align="center">-29%</td>
                  <td align="center">2.266</td>
                  <td align="center">2.683 &#8211; 1.847</td>
                  <td align="center">0,0294</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio</td>
                  <td align="center">31.566</td>
                  <td align="center">30.298</td>
                  <td align="center">-4%</td>
                  <td align="center">33.084</td>
                  <td align="center">35.550 &#8211; 30.616</td>
                  <td align="center">0,0405</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca</td>
                  <td align="center">47.250</td>
                  <td align="center">39.667</td>
                  <td align="center">-16%</td>
                  <td align="center">46.077</td>
                  <td align="center">49.847 &#8211; 42.305</td>
                  <td align="center">0,0191</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Malforma&#231;&#245;es cardiovasculares</td>
                  <td align="center">4.489</td>
                  <td align="center">3.692</td>
                  <td align="center">-18%</td>
                  <td align="center">4.602</td>
                  <td align="center">4.883 &#8211; 4.320</td>
                  <td align="center">0,0055</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Transtornos de condu&#231;&#227;o e arritmias card&#237;acas</td>
                  <td align="center">16.875</td>
                  <td align="center">13.977</td>
                  <td align="center">-17%</td>
                  <td align="center">17.212</td>
                  <td align="center">18.316 &#8211; 16.107</td>
                  <td align="center">0,0067</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Comorbidades cardiovasculares</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>166.075</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>141.464</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>-15%</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>167.491</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>169.772 &#8211; 165.209</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0,0005</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="1">
                    <bold>&#211;bitos hospitalares</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Acidente vascular cerebral</td>
                  <td align="center">6411</td>
                  <td align="center">5871</td>
                  <td align="center">-8%</td>
                  <td align="center">6363</td>
                  <td align="center">7364 - 5361</td>
                  <td align="center">0,1439</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Doen&#231;as hipertensivas</td>
                  <td align="center">336</td>
                  <td align="center">289</td>
                  <td align="center">-14%</td>
                  <td align="center">309</td>
                  <td align="center">361 - 256</td>
                  <td align="center">0,1926</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Doen&#231;as reum&#225;ticas</td>
                  <td align="center">180</td>
                  <td align="center">144</td>
                  <td align="center">-20%</td>
                  <td align="center">161</td>
                  <td align="center">262 - 58</td>
                  <td align="center">0,3414</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio</td>
                  <td align="center">3081</td>
                  <td align="center">2805</td>
                  <td align="center">-9%</td>
                  <td align="center">3094</td>
                  <td align="center">3500 - 2686</td>
                  <td align="center">0,0872</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca</td>
                  <td align="center">5356</td>
                  <td align="center">4845</td>
                  <td align="center">-10%</td>
                  <td align="center">5212</td>
                  <td align="center">5612 - 4811</td>
                  <td align="center">0,0579</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Malforma&#231;&#245;es cardiovasculares</td>
                  <td align="center">307</td>
                  <td align="center">288</td>
                  <td align="center">-6%</td>
                  <td align="center">297</td>
                  <td align="center">382 - 210</td>
                  <td align="center">0,3995</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Transtornos de condu&#231;&#227;o e arritmias card&#237;acas</td>
                  <td align="center">1952</td>
                  <td align="center">2053</td>
                  <td align="center">5%</td>
                  <td align="center">1986</td>
                  <td align="center">2582 - 1388</td>
                  <td align="center">0,3863</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Comorbidades cardiovasculares</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>17623</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>16295</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>-8%</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>17420</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>19062 - 15777</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0,0918</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="1">
                    <bold>Taxa de letalidade intra-hospitalar</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Acidente vascular cerebral</td>
                  <td align="center">14,18</td>
                  <td align="center">14,71</td>
                  <td align="center">4%</td>
                  <td align="center">13,72%</td>
                  <td align="center">15,33 - 12,10</td>
                  <td align="center">0,1067</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Doen&#231;as hipertensivas</td>
                  <td align="center">1,84</td>
                  <td align="center">2,36</td>
                  <td align="center">29%</td>
                  <td align="center">1,72%</td>
                  <td align="center">2,11 - 1,34</td>
                  <td align="center">0,0198</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Doen&#231;as reum&#225;ticas</td>
                  <td align="center">7,49</td>
                  <td align="center">8,47</td>
                  <td align="center">13%</td>
                  <td align="center">7,08%</td>
                  <td align="center">10,19 - 3,97</td>
                  <td align="center">0,1616</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio</td>
                  <td align="center">9,76</td>
                  <td align="center">9,26</td>
                  <td align="center">-5%</td>
                  <td align="center">9,20%</td>
                  <td align="center">10,21 - 8,18</td>
                  <td align="center">0,4363</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca</td>
                  <td align="center">11,34</td>
                  <td align="center">12,21</td>
                  <td align="center">8%</td>
                  <td align="center">11,31%</td>
                  <td align="center">12,01 - 10,60</td>
                  <td align="center">0,0322</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Malforma&#231;&#245;es cardiovasculares</td>
                  <td align="center">6,84</td>
                  <td align="center">7,80</td>
                  <td align="center">14%</td>
                  <td align="center">6,40%</td>
                  <td align="center">8,26 - 4,54</td>
                  <td align="center">0,0798</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Transtornos de condu&#231;&#227;o e arritmias card&#237;acas</td>
                  <td align="center">11,57</td>
                  <td align="center">14,69</td>
                  <td align="center">27%</td>
                  <td align="center">11,57%</td>
                  <td align="center">14,90 - 8,24</td>
                  <td align="center">0,0559</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Comorbidades cardiovasculares</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>10,61</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>11,52</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>9%</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>10,39%</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>11,26 - 9,52</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>0,0318</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN3">
                <p>
                  <italic>AVC: acidente vascular cerebral; IAM: infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio; Intervalos de confian&#231;a e p-valor calculados utilizando a distribui&#231;&#227;o t de Student, considerando as diferen&#231;as entre o valor projetado e o registrado em 2020.</italic>
                </p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <sec>
          <title>Procedimentos Diagn&#243;sticos e Cir&#250;rgicos</title>
          <p>A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Tabela 2</xref> apresenta a compara&#231;&#227;o do n&#250;mero de procedimentos diagn&#243;sticos e cir&#250;rgicos realizados nos meses de mar&#231;o, abril e maio dos anos de 2019 e 2020, percebendo-se uma queda total de 45% em todos os procedimentos pesquisados no ano de 2020. Os procedimentos que tiveram diminui&#231;&#227;o mais expressiva foram: MAPA (redu&#231;&#227;o de 74%), teste ergom&#233;trico (59%) e Holter 24hs (51%). Eletrocardiograma e ecocardiograma apresentaram queda de 41% e 42%, respectivamente. Os que apresentaram menor decl&#237;nio foram o cateterismo e o implante de marca-passo, com redu&#231;&#227;o de 27% e 11%, respectivamente.</p>
          <p>O n&#250;mero total de cirurgias apresentou uma queda de 20% com rela&#231;&#227;o ao ano anterior, o que n&#227;o foi estatisticamente significante (p=0,0854). No entanto, quando se consideram apenas as cirurgias cardio- e endovasculares, quedas de 13% e 32% foram registradas, ambas com signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica (p&lt;0,05).</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Interna&#231;&#245;es</title>
      <p>Quanto ao n&#250;mero de interna&#231;&#245;es hospitalares por raz&#245;es cardiovasculares, foi registrada, nos meses de mar&#231;o, abril e maio de 2020, uma redu&#231;&#227;o de 15% em rela&#231;&#227;o ao mesmo per&#237;odo do ano anterior ( <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Tabela 3</xref> ). Os dados de todas as doen&#231;as analisadas individualmente tamb&#233;m apresentaram redu&#231;&#227;o estatisticamente significante. As maiores diferen&#231;as foram interna&#231;&#245;es por doen&#231;as hipertensivas, seguidas pelas reum&#225;ticas, com queda de 33% e 29%, respectivamente. Destaca-se que o IAM apresentou a menor queda (4%).</p>
      <p>De modo geral, todas as doen&#231;as apresentaram decr&#233;scimo entre os anos 2019 e 2020 para todas as faixas et&#225;rias. Destacam-se o IAM, cuja diferen&#231;a nas interna&#231;&#245;es apresentou signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica apenas para o grupo dos idosos, a insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, na qual os grupos extremos (infantojuvenil e idosos) foram os mais impactados, e os transtornos de condu&#231;&#227;o e outras arritmias que apresentaram redu&#231;&#227;o estatisticamente significante apenas para os idosos. Ao considerar interna&#231;&#245;es por AVC, os adultos e os idosos apresentaram uma redu&#231;&#227;o significativa (11% e 12%, respectivamente). Para as interna&#231;&#245;es por doen&#231;as hipertensivas, todas as faixas et&#225;rias apresentaram diminui&#231;&#227;o estatisticamente significante.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>&#211;bitos Hospitalares e Taxa de Letalidade Intra-hospitalar</title>
      <p>Ao se analisar o n&#250;mero absoluto de mortes por DCV, houve um decr&#233;scimo de 8% no total entre mar&#231;o e maio de 2020 em compara&#231;&#227;o ao mesmo per&#237;odo de 2019 ( <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Tabela 3</xref> ). Os &#243;bitos ocorridos associados a doen&#231;as hipertensivas na faixa et&#225;ria de 20-59 anos apresentaram um acr&#233;scimo de 21% no ano de 2020 (p&lt;0,05; arquivo suplementar).</p>
      <p>J&#225; com rela&#231;&#227;o &#224;s taxas de letalidade geral, p&#244;de-se observar um aumento global de 9%, comparando-se os mesmos meses de 2019 e 2020. Com exce&#231;&#227;o do IAM, que apresentou queda de 5%, todas as demais patologias apresentaram crescimento. Com rela&#231;&#227;o &#224;s patologias individuais, destacam-se doen&#231;as hipertensivas e insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, com 29% e 8% de aumento na taxa de letalidade intra-hospitalar, respectivamente, entre 2019 e 2020 (p&lt;0,05).</p>
      <p>Na divis&#227;o por faixas et&#225;rias, o aumento da letalidade intra-hospitalar nas interna&#231;&#245;es por DCV foi estatisticamente significativo apenas entre os adultos. Considerando as doen&#231;as individualmente, ressalta-se que esse aumento observado na letalidade intra-hospitalar das doen&#231;as hipertensivas foi associado a signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica apenas para os adultos; quanto aos dados para insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, os adultos e idosos apresentaram diferen&#231;a estat&#237;stica (p&lt;0,05; Tabelas 2 e 3 do suplemento).</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <p>Nosso estudo demonstra uma redu&#231;&#227;o da assist&#234;ncia &#224; sa&#250;de cardiovascular da popula&#231;&#227;o brasileira atendida pelo SUS durante o per&#237;odo da pandemia da COVID-19, que teve como consequ&#234;ncias a redu&#231;&#227;o do n&#250;mero de interna&#231;&#245;es por DCV e o aumento da taxa de letalidade intra-hospitalar decorrente dessas.</p>
      <p>Nossos resultados t&#234;m semelhan&#231;as com os achados de um estudo realizado na It&#225;lia ao longo de sete dias do m&#234;s de mar&#231;o de 2020, que demonstrou que a propor&#231;&#227;o de pacientes com IAM foi reduzida em 13,3%, comparada &#224; mesma semana de 2019. Ainda, foi constatado um aumento de 39,2% nas s&#237;ndromes coronarianas agudas, enquanto o tempo entre o contato m&#233;dico e a revasculariza&#231;&#227;o coronariana aumentou em 31,5%. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Com rela&#231;&#227;o ao n&#250;mero de interna&#231;&#245;es do nosso estudo, houve redu&#231;&#227;o em todas as morbidades e faixas et&#225;rias analisadas, principalmente nos meses de abril e maio, possivelmente um reflexo da pandemia da COVID-19. Outros estudos realizados em diferentes pa&#237;ses registraram achados semelhantes. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> O receio da popula&#231;&#227;o em contrair o v&#237;rus e a sistematiza&#231;&#227;o da assist&#234;ncia, priorizando a pandemia, justificam esse impacto inicial. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup> Essa redu&#231;&#227;o tamb&#233;m ocorreu para outras doen&#231;as, como mostram os estudos com AVC na It&#225;lia <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup> e na China. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A realoca&#231;&#227;o dos recursos humanos no enfrentamento &#224; COVID-19 foi similar em diversos pa&#237;ses, apesar de possu&#237;rem uma heterogeneidade em seus sistemas de sa&#250;de. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Pa&#237;ses como Austr&#225;lia e Nova Zel&#226;ndia, no intuito de preparar o hospital para prestar atendimento a um grande volume de pacientes com COVID-19, mantiveram um fornecimento de atendimentos cir&#250;rgicos limitado a casos de emerg&#234;ncia e eletivos de alta prioridade. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref></sup> Em hospital da regi&#227;o norte da It&#225;lia, um dos epicentros da pandemia no pa&#237;s, as atividades cir&#250;rgicas planejadas foram interrompidas para aumentar o n&#250;mero de intensivistas dispon&#237;veis para pacientes com COVID-19, al&#233;m de as ambulatoriais terem sido reduzidas pela metade. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref></sup> Era de se esperar que tal rearranjo no modelo assistencial apresentasse um impacto na mortalidade por outras enfermidades, uma vez que tais medidas reduziram o fluxo habitual de seu atendimento, favorecendo descompensa&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas, atraso diagn&#243;stico e progress&#227;o de doen&#231;a.</p>
      <p>Apesar da redu&#231;&#227;o em n&#250;meros absolutos de &#243;bitos hospitalares, houve aumento da taxa de letalidade intra-hospitalar nas interna&#231;&#245;es por DCV. A redu&#231;&#227;o do n&#250;mero de &#243;bitos pode ser reflexo da falta de notifica&#231;&#227;o adequada, da falta de estrutura do sistema de sa&#250;de em atribuir a causa do &#243;bito relacionado &#224; COVID-19 como cardiovascular. A intera&#231;&#227;o COVID-19 e sistema cardiovascular atualmente &#233; bastante reconhecida, ap&#243;s 7 meses da doen&#231;a no mundo. A COVID-19 est&#225; relacionada a alta preval&#234;ncia de les&#227;o card&#237;aca, arritmias, miocardite, s&#237;ndrome coron&#225;ria aguda, insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, choque cardiog&#234;nico e eventos tromboemb&#243;licos. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref></sup> O aumento da letalidade nas interna&#231;&#245;es por DCV reflete o potencial de gravidade da COVID-19 nas DCV e possivelmente o retardo do paciente em procurar assist&#234;ncia m&#233;dica, sendo admitido no hospital em condi&#231;&#227;o mais grave. O aumento da letalidade no paciente internado por DCV atingiu a parcela mais economicamente ativa da popula&#231;&#227;o (20-59 anos), agregando mais uma preocupa&#231;&#227;o &#224; crise econ&#244;mica vigente. Apesar de outros estudos observarem o impacto similar da pandemia no atendimento hospitalar, <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref></sup> nosso estudo talvez seja um dos primeiros a demonstrar um aumento da taxa de letalidade intra-hospitalar cardiovascular. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
      <p>O estudo apresenta como limita&#231;&#227;o a avalia&#231;&#227;o apenas de uma parcela da popula&#231;&#227;o brasileira, a que tem acesso apenas ao SUS. Portanto, n&#227;o se pode extrapolar tais dados para toda a popula&#231;&#227;o do pa&#237;s. &#201; poss&#237;vel real&#231;ar que o impacto demonstrado na letalidade dos brasileiros esteja superestimado, uma vez que a popula&#231;&#227;o assistida pelo servi&#231;o p&#250;blico de sa&#250;de, sendo socialmente mais desprovida de recursos, apresenta pior controle dos fatores de risco cardiovasculares, al&#233;m de acesso a medica&#231;&#227;o de qualidade inferior e de forma insatisfat&#243;ria. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref></sup> Tais fatores <italic>per se</italic> tornam-na mais vulner&#225;vel para descompensa&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica, com consequente maior letalidade intra-hospitalar. Ademais, a restri&#231;&#227;o de interna&#231;&#245;es eletivas pode ter tido certa influ&#234;ncia na letalidade intra-hospitalar, apesar desse tipo de atendimento representar apenas 7,80% do total de interna&#231;&#245;es ( <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref> ). &#201; importante destacar o curto per&#237;odo analisado (3 meses). Novos estudos, portanto, devem validar esses achados ao compar&#225;-los com outros per&#237;odos.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclus&#245;es</title>
      <p>Nosso estudo &#233; o primeiro a avaliar o impacto na sa&#250;de cardiovascular no SUS em todo o Brasil durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Esses dados fundamentam preocupa&#231;&#245;es de que a assist&#234;ncia possa estar sendo adiada ou abreviada durante a pandemia da COVID-19.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
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        <article-title>Reduction in Hospitalization and Increase in Mortality Due to Cardiovascular Diseases during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil</article-title>
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            <sup>1</sup>
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        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8627-3661</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Araujo-Filho</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; de Arimat&#233;ia</given-names>
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          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3001">
            <sup>3</sup>
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          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8510-0099</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Fonseca</surname>
            <given-names>Gabriela de Alc&#226;ntara</given-names>
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            <sup>1</sup>
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        <contrib contrib-type="author">
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            <sup>1</sup>
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        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7659-0308</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Victor Agripino</given-names>
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            <sup>1</sup>
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          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5645-2055</contrib-id>
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            <surname>Hajjar</surname>
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            <sup>4</sup>
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        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
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          <name>
            <surname>Almeida</surname>
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            <sup>5</sup>
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        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
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            <surname>Bocchi</surname>
            <given-names>Edimar Alcides</given-names>
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            <sup>2</sup>
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        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Salemi</surname>
            <given-names>Vera Maria Cury</given-names>
          </name>
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            <sup>2</sup>
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        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8809-8783</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Melo</surname>
            <given-names>Marcelo</given-names>
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            <sup>1</sup>
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      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal da Para&#237;ba, Jo&#227;o Pessoa, PB - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o - Centro de Diagn&#243;stico por Imagem, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3001">
        <label>3</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital S&#237;rio Liban&#234;s, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4001">
        <label>4</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto de Cora&#231;&#227;o &#8211; Cardiopneumologia, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff5001">
        <label>5</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Santa Casa de Miseric&#243;rdia de Feira de Santana &#8211; Cardiologia, Feira de Santana, BA - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001"><bold>Mailing Address: Marcelo Melo</bold> &#8226; Universidade Federal da Para&#237;ba - Jardim Universit&#225;rio, S/N. Postal Code 58051-900, Campus I, Castelo Branco, Jo&#227;o Pessoa, PB &#8211; Brazil E-mail: marcelot@alumni.usp.br</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>Author Contributions</p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research, Acquisition of data e Statistical analysis: Normando PG, Fonseca GA, Rodrigues REF, Oliveira VA, Melo M; Analysis and interpretation of the data and Writing of the manuscript: Normando PG, Araujo-Filho JA, Fonseca GA, Rodrigues REF, Oliveira VA, Hajjar LA, Almeida ALC, Bocchi EA, Salemi VMC, Melo M; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Araujo-Filho JA, Hajjar LA, Almeida ALC, Bocchi EA, Salemi VMC, Melo M.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potential Conflict of Interest</p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background</title>
          <p>In the COVID-19 pandemic, the increase in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and mortality from them has been recognized worldwide. In Brazil, the impact of COVID-19 on CVD must be evaluated.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objectives</title>
          <p>To assess the impact of the current pandemic on the numbers of hospital admissions (HA), in-hospital deaths (ID), and in-hospital fatality (IF) from CVD by use of national epidemiological data from the Brazilian Unified Public Health System.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods</title>
          <p>Time-series observational study using comparative analysis of the HA, ID, and IF due to CVD recorded from January to May 2020, having as reference the values registered in the same period from 2016 to 2019 and the values projected by linear regression methods for 2020. The statistical significance level applied was 0.05.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results</title>
          <p>Compared to the same period in 2019, there was a 15% decrease in the HA rate and a 9% decrease in the total ID due to CVD between March and May 2020, followed by a 9% increase in the IF rate due to CVD, especially among patients aged 20-59 years. The HA and IF rates registered in 2020 differed significantly from the projected trend for 2020 (p = 0.0005 and 0.0318, respectively).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusions</title>
          <p>During the first months of the pandemic, there were a decline in HA and an increase in IF due to CVD in Brazil. These data might have resulted from the inadequate planning of the CVD management during the pandemic. Thus, immediate actions are required to change this scenario. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>COVID-19</kwd>
        <kwd>Betacoronavirus</kwd>
        <kwd>Pandemics</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases/complications</kwd>
        <kwd>Epidemiology</kwd>
        <kwd>Hospitalization</kwd>
        <kwd>Mortality</kwd>
        <kwd>Comorbidities</kwd>
        <kwd>Unified Health System</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. In July 2020, Brazil ranked second in the number of cases and deaths from COVID-19. By July 24, 2020, Brazil had recorded 2 276 860 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 84 551 deaths from the disease.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Considering that COVID-19 is spread primarily via droplets expelled during talking, coughing, and sneezing, or via contaminated surfaces,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> restrictions to people traffic and contact have been proposed by government and public health authorities in most western countries. In Brazil, the logistic challenges to meet the patients&#8217; demands have included not only the increase in the number of beds in intensive care units and wards, but also the suspension of elective healthcare provision and of elective complementary tests and procedures, in addition to targeting public resources at the COVID-19 management.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Population studies in other countries have reported a relative reduction in hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) during the COVID-19 pandemic,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> in association with an increase in the fatality rates related to that group of diseases,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> a reason for great concern in the international medical and scientific community.</p>
        <p>Thus, we tested the hypothesis that, during the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a reduction in cardiovascular care provision and in the number of cardiovascular interventions performed, which might have led to higher in-hospital mortality from CVD in the general population. Using public databases from the Brazilian Unified Public Health System (SUS), this study aimed at assessing the impact of the pandemic on the number of hospital admissions and on in-hospital fatality due to CVD in Brazil from January to May 2020, as compared to those in the same months of the previous 4 years. In addition, pre-hospital clinical elements, such as elective procedures, were assessed.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>Methods</title>
        <p>This is a time-series observational study to assess the hospital admissions, in-hospital deaths, and in-hospital fatality rates (percentage of deaths among the admissions) related to CVD at SUS own units or at healthcare units with which SUS maintains an agreement, from January to May of the years 2016 to 2020. In addition, CVD-related in-hospital and outpatient procedures performed at those units during the same periods were assessed. The first two variables were classified according to age group as follows: child/adolescent (0-19 years), adult (20-59 years), and elderly (60 years and older). Data were collected on July 9, 2020, from the Brazilian Hospital Information System and Brazilian Outpatient Information System of the SUS (SIH and SIA/SUS, respectively), available at the DATASUS platform. Those systems are public and anonymous, in accordance with the first article of the Resolution 510/2016 of the Brazilian Committee on Ethics and Research. It is worth noting that updates on past admissions can occur in the platform at any time, thus, it is not guaranteed that all data are consolidated, regardless of the year.</p>
        <p>For the analysis of the procedures, we used the codes of the SUS System for the Management of the Table of Procedures, Medications, Orthoses, Prostheses and Materials (SIGTAP). For each procedure selected, the in-hospital and outpatient productions were added, considering all correlated procedure codes. The procedures were as follows:</p>
        <p>Diagnostic procedures: cardiac catheterization, echocardiography (stress, transesophageal, and transthoracic), electrocardiography, cardiac pacemaker implantation, 24-hour Holter monitoring, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), exercise test.</p>
        <p>Surgical procedures: cardiovascular, endovascular, and vascular surgeries.</p>
        <p>To assess the number of admissions, in-hospital deaths, and in-hospital fatality, we selected, for each age group, the records of the secondary diagnoses related to the corresponding cardiovascular pathologies in the List of Morbidity of the 10th Revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (CID-10). The following disease categories were considered: stroke, hypertensive diseases (essential arterial hypertension and other hypertensive diseases), rheumatic diseases (acute rheumatic fever and chronic rheumatic heart disease), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), heart failure, congenital malformations of the circulatory system, and conduction disorders and arrhythmias.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Statistical Analysis</title>
          <p>Considering that the procedures and surgeries are discriminated in the system regarding only their nature (outpatient or in-hospital), a descriptive analysis of how such procedures were distributed in those categories was performed. Regarding data from admission and in-hospital deaths, the variables sex, age group, skin color/race, and type of healthcare (urgency or emergency) were considered.</p>
          <p>Aiming at understanding the possible impact of the pandemic on the dynamics of the procedures, admissions, and in-hospital deaths related to CVD, the numbers regarding the months of March, April, and May &#8211; the most affected months of 2020 by the pandemic in Brazil &#8211; were compared for the years 2016 to 2020. The values recorded from 2019 and 2020 and their corresponding percent variation were compared. It is worth noting that a variation in the number of admissions and in-hospital deaths from one year to the other or a change in the mean of the previous years as compared to 2020 is not necessarily caused by the pandemic. We considered this hypothetical variation a possible consequence of an already established trend in the previous years. Finally, the value expected for the year 2020 was estimated by use of linear regression. Such analysis allows assuming whether the number of procedures, surgeries, admissions, and in-hospital deaths or the in-hospital fatality rate observed in the previous years showed a trend towards increase or decrease. Thus, that analysis captured both the trend of the years and the statistical variations occurring in the previous years.</p>
          <p>Although normality tests were not performed, the normal distribution of data over time was assumed, considering the central limit theorem, because the data of each year are a totalization of several random variables. Homocedasticity could not be completely verified, because DATASUS does not provide completely individualized data.</p>
          <p>Statistical analyses were performed for both the number of surgeries and procedures, and for each individual procedure/surgery as well. Similarly, those analyses were performed for admissions, in-hospital deaths, and in-hospital fatality, considering each morbidity studied individually as well as the sum of all of them, which is an analysis of the cardiovascular causes in general.</p>
          <p>Because linear regression has a gaussian error, Student <italic>t</italic> test was performed for the mean of a sample to compare the values projected with those recorded in 2020, and the null hypothesis was rejected with p&lt;0.05 (95% confidence interval). The Microsoft&#174; Excel&#174; and Scilab&#174; 6.1.0 software were used to perform the statistical analyses described and to build the tables and graphs.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Results</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Descriptive Analysis</title>
          <p>Based on the data collected regarding the months from January to May of the years 2016 to 2020, we identified 35 744 058 procedures, 1 336 472 hospital admissions, and 142 157 in-hospital deaths, and the last two were divided according to region, sex, age group, race/skin color, and healthcare type as shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1001">Table 1</xref> . Complete data illustrating the variation in the numbers initiating in March 2020 are shown in the figures of the supplementary material.</p>
          <p>
            <table-wrap id="t1001">
              <label>Table 1</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; Descriptive analysis of the number of procedures, surgeries, admissions, and in-hospital deaths from January to May of the years 2016 to 2020</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal">
										</th>
                    <th colspan="2">IN-HOSPITAL</th>
                    <th colspan="2">OUTPATIENT</th>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal">
										</th>
                    <th>Quantity</th>
                    <th>Percentage</th>
                    <th>Quantity</th>
                    <th>Percentage</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="5">
                      <bold>Procedures</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">Adult cardiac catheterization</td>
                    <td align="center">209 926</td>
                    <td align="center">3.66%</td>
                    <td align="center">252 162</td>
                    <td align="center">0.87%</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">Echocardiography</td>
                    <td align="center">989 776</td>
                    <td align="center">17.24%</td>
                    <td align="center">2 751 796</td>
                    <td align="center">9.53%</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">Electrocardiography</td>
                    <td align="center">4 461 799</td>
                    <td align="center">77.71%</td>
                    <td align="center">21 587 674</td>
                    <td align="center">74.75%</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">Pacemaker implantation</td>
                    <td align="center">48 666</td>
                    <td align="center">0.85%</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">ABPM</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">2 763 748</td>
                    <td align="center">9.57%</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">Holter monitoring</td>
                    <td align="center">26 119</td>
                    <td align="center">0.45%</td>
                    <td align="center">513 471</td>
                    <td align="center">1.78%</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">Exercise test</td>
                    <td align="center">5 630</td>
                    <td align="center">0.10%</td>
                    <td align="center">1 010 144</td>
                    <td align="center">3.50%</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>Total</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>5 741 916</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>100.00%</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>28 878 995</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>100.00%</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="5">
                      <bold>Surgeries</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">Cardiovascular</td>
                    <td align="center">193 787</td>
                    <td align="center">36.45%</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">Endovascular</td>
                    <td align="center">48 024</td>
                    <td align="center">9.03%</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                    <td align="center">-</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">Vascular</td>
                    <td align="center">289 815</td>
                    <td align="center">54.51%</td>
                    <td align="center">591 521</td>
                    <td align="center">100.00%</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>Total</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>531 626</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>100.00%</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>591 521</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>100.00%</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="5">
                      <bold>Procedures</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="5">
                      <bold>Region</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">Northern</td>
                    <td align="center">179 761</td>
                    <td align="center">3.13%</td>
                    <td align="center">1 442 382</td>
                    <td align="center">4.99%</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">Northeastern</td>
                    <td align="center">896 916</td>
                    <td align="center">15.62%</td>
                    <td align="center">5 551 764</td>
                    <td align="center">19.22%</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">Southeastern</td>
                    <td align="center">3 071 586</td>
                    <td align="center">53.49%</td>
                    <td align="center">15 271 343</td>
                    <td align="center">52.88%</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">Southern</td>
                    <td align="center">1 236 067</td>
                    <td align="center">21.53%</td>
                    <td align="center">4 285 803</td>
                    <td align="center">14.84%</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">West-central</td>
                    <td align="center">357 586</td>
                    <td align="center">6.23%</td>
                    <td align="center">2 327 703</td>
                    <td align="center">8.06%</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>Brazil</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>5 741 916</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>100.00%</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>28 878 995</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>100.00%</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="5">
                      <bold>Surgeries</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="5">
                      <bold>Region</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">Northern</td>
                    <td align="center">13 676</td>
                    <td align="center">2.57%</td>
                    <td align="center">13 774</td>
                    <td align="center">2.33%</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">Northeastern</td>
                    <td align="center">98 475</td>
                    <td align="center">18.52%</td>
                    <td align="center">442 540</td>
                    <td align="center">74.81%</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">Southeastern</td>
                    <td align="center">239 747</td>
                    <td align="center">45.10%</td>
                    <td align="center">81 777</td>
                    <td align="center">13.82%</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">Southern</td>
                    <td align="center">140 536</td>
                    <td align="center">26.44%</td>
                    <td align="center">43 469</td>
                    <td align="center">7.35%</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">West-central</td>
                    <td align="center">39 192</td>
                    <td align="center">7.37%</td>
                    <td align="center">9 961</td>
                    <td align="center">1.68%</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>Brazil</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>531 626</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>100.00%</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>591 521</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>100.00%</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
										</td>
                    <td align="center" colspan="2">
                      <bold>ADMISSIONS</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center" colspan="2">
                      <bold>DEATHS</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
										</td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>Quantity</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>Percentage</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>Quantity</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>Percentage</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="5">
                      <bold>Morbidity</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">Stroke</td>
                    <td align="center">357 040</td>
                    <td align="center">26.72%</td>
                    <td align="center">52 239</td>
                    <td align="center">36.75%</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">Hypertensive diseases</td>
                    <td align="center">153 048</td>
                    <td align="center">11.45%</td>
                    <td align="center">2 920</td>
                    <td align="center">2.05%</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">Rheumatic diseases</td>
                    <td align="center">19 125</td>
                    <td align="center">1.43%</td>
                    <td align="center">1 329</td>
                    <td align="center">0.93%</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">Acute myocardial infarction</td>
                    <td align="center">242 143</td>
                    <td align="center">18.12%</td>
                    <td align="center">24 753</td>
                    <td align="center">17.41%</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">Heart failure</td>
                    <td align="center">399 416</td>
                    <td align="center">29.89%</td>
                    <td align="center">43 906</td>
                    <td align="center">30.89%</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">Congenital malformations</td>
                    <td align="center">33 939</td>
                    <td align="center">2.54%</td>
                    <td align="center">2 370</td>
                    <td align="center">1.67%</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">Conduction disorders and arrhythmias</td>
                    <td align="center">131 761</td>
                    <td align="center">9.86%</td>
                    <td align="center">14 640</td>
                    <td align="center">10.30%</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>Total</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>1 336 472</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>100.00%</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>142 157</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>100.00%</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="5">
                      <bold>Region</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">Northern</td>
                    <td align="center">77 577</td>
                    <td align="center">5.80%</td>
                    <td align="center">8 578</td>
                    <td align="center">6.03%</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">Northeastern</td>
                    <td align="center">327 515</td>
                    <td align="center">24.51%</td>
                    <td align="center">35 749</td>
                    <td align="center">25.15%</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">Southeastern</td>
                    <td align="center">563 293</td>
                    <td align="center">42.15%</td>
                    <td align="center">63 609</td>
                    <td align="center">44.75%</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">Southern</td>
                    <td align="center">270 995</td>
                    <td align="center">20.28%</td>
                    <td align="center">23 624</td>
                    <td align="center">16.62%</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">West-central</td>
                    <td align="center">97 092</td>
                    <td align="center">7.26%</td>
                    <td align="center">10 597</td>
                    <td align="center">7.45%</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>Total</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>1 336 472</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>100.00%</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>142 157</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>100.00%</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="5">
                      <bold>Sex</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">Male</td>
                    <td align="center">704 163</td>
                    <td align="center">52.69%</td>
                    <td align="center">73 227</td>
                    <td align="center">51.51%</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">Female</td>
                    <td align="center">632 309</td>
                    <td align="center">47.31%</td>
                    <td align="center">68 930</td>
                    <td align="center">48.49%</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>Total</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>1 336 472</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>100.00%</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>142 157</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>100.00%</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="5">
                      <bold>Race/Skin color</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">White</td>
                    <td align="center">491 422</td>
                    <td align="center">36.77%</td>
                    <td align="center">48 962</td>
                    <td align="center">34.44%</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">Black</td>
                    <td align="center">58 968</td>
                    <td align="center">4.41%</td>
                    <td align="center">6 301</td>
                    <td align="center">4.43%</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">Mixed</td>
                    <td align="center">435 848</td>
                    <td align="center">32.61%</td>
                    <td align="center">46 276</td>
                    <td align="center">32.55%</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">Yellow</td>
                    <td align="center">28 768</td>
                    <td align="center">2.15%</td>
                    <td align="center">2 764</td>
                    <td align="center">1.94%</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">Native</td>
                    <td align="center">1 025</td>
                    <td align="center">0.08%</td>
                    <td align="center">107</td>
                    <td align="center">0.08%</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">No information</td>
                    <td align="center">320 441</td>
                    <td align="center">23.98%</td>
                    <td align="center">37 747</td>
                    <td align="center">26.55%</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>Total</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>1 336 472</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>100.00%</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>142 157</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>100.00%</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="5">
                      <bold>Age group (years)</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">0-19</td>
                    <td align="center">44 658</td>
                    <td align="center">3.34%</td>
                    <td align="center">3 241</td>
                    <td align="center">2.28%</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">20-59</td>
                    <td align="center">415 122</td>
                    <td align="center">31.06%</td>
                    <td align="center">29 245</td>
                    <td align="center">20.57%</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">60+</td>
                    <td align="center">876 692</td>
                    <td align="center">65.60%</td>
                    <td align="center">109 671</td>
                    <td align="center">77.15%</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>Total</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>1 336 472</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>100.00%</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>142 157</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>100.00%</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="5">
                      <bold>Type of care</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">Elective</td>
                    <td align="center">104 229</td>
                    <td align="center">7.80%</td>
                    <td align="center">5 454</td>
                    <td align="center">3.84%</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">Urgent</td>
                    <td align="center">1 232 243</td>
                    <td align="center">92.20%</td>
                    <td align="center">136 703</td>
                    <td align="center">96.16%</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>Total</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>1 336 472</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>100.00%</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>142 157</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>100.00%</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN1001">
                  <p>
                    <italic>ABPM: ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.</italic>
                  </p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
          </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Graph Analysis</title>
          <p>1A shows the data regarding the diagnostic and surgical procedures performed from March to May of 2016 to 2020. In addition, the estimates for 2020 (dotted lines), calculated by using data from 2016 to 2019, are also shown. A trend towards an increase in the number of diagnostic and surgical procedures (dotted lines) for the year 2020 is observed. However, the real data show a significant decrease when compared to data from the previous year.</p>
          <p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figure 1B</xref> depicts the numbers of admissions and in-hospital deaths recorded, considering all morbidities studied. In addition, the estimates for 2020 (dotted lines), calculated by using data from 2016 to 2019, are also shown. The graph shows the same trend towards an increase observed in the previous graph but not confirmed in the year 2020, when a steep decline is observed. Regarding the number of deaths, the projected trend would be that of maintenance, contrasting with the intense reduction in the number of in-hospital deaths recorded in the months of March to May 2020.</p>
          <p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01001">Figure 1C</xref> illustrates the in-hospital fatality rate due to CVD in general, showing a drastic increase in the in-hospital fatality rate in 2020 as compared to those recorded in previous years. In this case, the variation is in the opposite direction to that observed for the admissions and in-hospital deaths, which decreased in 2020.</p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f01001">
              <label>Figure 1</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; Analysis of the trend in: (a) the number of procedures and surgeries; (b) the number of admissions and deaths; and (c) in-hospital fatality rate in March to May of 2016 to 2020. p-value calculated from the difference between the value projected and the value recorded in 2020 using Student t distribution.</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-03-0371-00821-gf01-en.jpg"/></fig>
          </p>
          <p>That analysis was replicated for each type of procedure and surgery, as well as for the number of admissions, in-hospital deaths and in-hospital fatality rate for each pathology studied. Those results are summarized in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2001">Tables 2</xref> and <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3001">3</xref> , which show data from 2019 and 2020, the percent difference between these years, the value projected for 2020 (which indicates the trend from 2016 to 2019), the confidence interval, and the p-value of that projection. The results according to age group are shown in the supplementary material.</p>
          <p>
            <table-wrap id="t2001">
              <label>Table 2</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; Statistical analysis of the reduction in the number of procedures and surgeries in March to May of 2019 and 2020 and their comparison</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal">
										</th>
                    <th colspan="2">Number of procedures</th>
                    <th rowspan="2">Percent difference 2020 - 2019</th>
                    <th rowspan="2">Number of procedures estimated for 2020 (March-May)</th>
                    <th rowspan="2">Confidence interval (95% CI)</th>
                    <th rowspan="2">p-value</th>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <th>2019 March-May</th>
                    <th>2020 March-May</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="1">
                      <bold>Procedures</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td>
										</td>
                    <td>
										</td>
                    <td>
										</td>
                    <td>
										</td>
                    <td>
										</td>
                    <td>
										</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Adult cardiac catheterization</td>
                    <td align="center">61 502</td>
                    <td align="center">44 652</td>
                    <td align="center">-27%</td>
                    <td align="center">63 823</td>
                    <td align="center">68 921 &#8211; 58 724</td>
                    <td align="center">0.0041</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Echocardiography</td>
                    <td align="center">530 448</td>
                    <td align="center">307 221</td>
                    <td align="center">-42%</td>
                    <td align="center">568 014</td>
                    <td align="center">599 663 &#8211; 536 364</td>
                    <td align="center">0.0009</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Electrocardiography</td>
                    <td align="center">3 624 680</td>
                    <td align="center">2 153 969</td>
                    <td align="center">-41%</td>
                    <td align="center">3 795 712</td>
                    <td align="center">3 952 567 &#8211; 3 638 856</td>
                    <td align="center">0.0005</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Pacemaker implantation</td>
                    <td align="center">5 993</td>
                    <td align="center">5 315</td>
                    <td align="center">-11%</td>
                    <td align="center">6 129</td>
                    <td align="center">6 711 &#8211; 5 546</td>
                    <td align="center">0.0276</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>ABPM</td>
                    <td align="center">498 923</td>
                    <td align="center">127 730</td>
                    <td align="center">-74%</td>
                    <td align="center">609 445</td>
                    <td align="center">748 875 &#8211; 470 014</td>
                    <td align="center">0.0048</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Holter monitoring</td>
                    <td align="center">79 792</td>
                    <td align="center">38 815</td>
                    <td align="center">-51%</td>
                    <td align="center">84 592</td>
                    <td align="center">93 971 &#8211; 75 212</td>
                    <td align="center">0.0024</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Exercise test</td>
                    <td align="center">137 678</td>
                    <td align="center">56 501</td>
                    <td align="center">-59%</td>
                    <td align="center">134 673</td>
                    <td align="center">149 970 &#8211; 119 375</td>
                    <td align="center">0.0022</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>All</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>4 939 016</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>2 734 203</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>-45%</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>5 262 388</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>5 516 598 &#8211; 5 008 177</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0.0006</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="1">
                      <bold>Surgeries</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td>
										</td>
                    <td>
										</td>
                    <td>
										</td>
                    <td>
										</td>
                    <td>
										</td>
                    <td>
										</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Cardiovascular</td>
                    <td align="center">23 907</td>
                    <td align="center">20 744</td>
                    <td align="center">-13%</td>
                    <td align="center">24 045</td>
                    <td align="center">26 897 &#8211; 21 191</td>
                    <td align="center">0.0388</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Vascular</td>
                    <td align="center">101 694</td>
                    <td align="center">83 786</td>
                    <td align="center">-18%</td>
                    <td align="center">104 654</td>
                    <td align="center">159 586 &#8211; 49 720</td>
                    <td align="center">0.1914</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Endovascular</td>
                    <td align="center">37 547</td>
                    <td align="center">25 461</td>
                    <td align="center">-32%</td>
                    <td align="center">38 208</td>
                    <td align="center">45 145 &#8211; 31 269</td>
                    <td align="center">0.0165</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>All</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>163 148</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>129 991</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>-20%</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>166 906</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>218 270 &#8211; 115 540</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0.0854</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="1">
                      <bold>TOTAL</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>5 102 164</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>2 864 194</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>-44%</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>5 429 294</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>5 670 710 &#8211; 5 187 876</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0.0005</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN2001">
                  <p>
                    <italic>ABPM: ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Confidence intervals and p-values calculated by using Student t distribution, considering the differences between the value projected and the value recorded in 2020.</italic>
                  </p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
          </p>
          <p>
            <table-wrap id="t3001">
              <label>Table 3</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; Statistical analysis of the number of admissions, in-hospital deaths, and in-hospital fatality rate in March to May of 2019 and 2020 and their comparison</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal">
										</th>
                    <th colspan="2">Data recorded in</th>
                    <th rowspan="2">Percent difference 2020 - 2019</th>
                    <th rowspan="2">Estimates for 2020 March-May</th>
                    <th rowspan="2">Confidence interval (95% CI)</th>
                    <th rowspan="2">p-value</th>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <th>2019 March - May</th>
                    <th>2020 March - May</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="1">
                      <bold>Admissions</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td>
										</td>
                    <td>
										</td>
                    <td>
										</td>
                    <td>
										</td>
                    <td>
										</td>
                    <td>
										</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Stroke</td>
                    <td align="center">45 214</td>
                    <td align="center">39 900</td>
                    <td align="center">-12%</td>
                    <td align="center">46 199</td>
                    <td align="center">48 586 &#8211; 43 811</td>
                    <td align="center">0.0082</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Hypertensive diseases</td>
                    <td align="center">18 278</td>
                    <td align="center">12 229</td>
                    <td align="center">-33%</td>
                    <td align="center">18 053</td>
                    <td align="center">20 331 &#8211; 15 773</td>
                    <td align="center">0.0088</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Rheumatic diseases</td>
                    <td align="center">2403</td>
                    <td align="center">1701</td>
                    <td align="center">-29%</td>
                    <td align="center">2 266</td>
                    <td align="center">2683 &#8211; 1847</td>
                    <td align="center">0.0294</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Acute myocardial infarction</td>
                    <td align="center">31 566</td>
                    <td align="center">30 298</td>
                    <td align="center">-4%</td>
                    <td align="center">33 084</td>
                    <td align="center">35 550 &#8211; 30 616</td>
                    <td align="center">0.0405</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Heart failure</td>
                    <td align="center">47 250</td>
                    <td align="center">39 667</td>
                    <td align="center">-16%</td>
                    <td align="center">46 077</td>
                    <td align="center">49 847 &#8211; 42 305</td>
                    <td align="center">0.0191</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Cardiovascular malformations</td>
                    <td align="center">4489</td>
                    <td align="center">3692</td>
                    <td align="center">-18%</td>
                    <td align="center">4602</td>
                    <td align="center">4883 &#8211; 4320</td>
                    <td align="center">0.0055</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Conduction disorders and cardiac arrhythmias</td>
                    <td align="center">16 875</td>
                    <td align="center">13 977</td>
                    <td align="center">-17%</td>
                    <td align="center">17 212</td>
                    <td align="center">18 316 &#8211; 16 107</td>
                    <td align="center">0.0067</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Cardiovascular comorbidities</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>166 075</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>141 464</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>-15%</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>167 491</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>169 772 &#8211; 165 209</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0.0005</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="1">
                      <bold>In-hospital deaths</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td>
										</td>
                    <td>
										</td>
                    <td>
										</td>
                    <td>
										</td>
                    <td>
										</td>
                    <td>
										</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Stroke</td>
                    <td align="center">6411</td>
                    <td align="center">5871</td>
                    <td align="center">-8%</td>
                    <td align="center">6363</td>
                    <td align="center">7364 - 5361</td>
                    <td align="center">0.1439</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Hypertensive diseases</td>
                    <td align="center">336</td>
                    <td align="center">289</td>
                    <td align="center">-14%</td>
                    <td align="center">309</td>
                    <td align="center">361 - 256</td>
                    <td align="center">0.1926</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Rheumatic diseases</td>
                    <td align="center">180</td>
                    <td align="center">144</td>
                    <td align="center">-20%</td>
                    <td align="center">161</td>
                    <td align="center">262 - 58</td>
                    <td align="center">0.3414</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Acute myocardial infarction</td>
                    <td align="center">3081</td>
                    <td align="center">2805</td>
                    <td align="center">-9%</td>
                    <td align="center">3094</td>
                    <td align="center">3500 - 2686</td>
                    <td align="center">0.0872</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Heart failure</td>
                    <td align="center">5356</td>
                    <td align="center">4845</td>
                    <td align="center">-10%</td>
                    <td align="center">5212</td>
                    <td align="center">5612 - 4811</td>
                    <td align="center">0.0579</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Cardiovascular malformations</td>
                    <td align="center">307</td>
                    <td align="center">288</td>
                    <td align="center">-6%</td>
                    <td align="center">297</td>
                    <td align="center">382 - 210</td>
                    <td align="center">0.3995</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Conduction disorders and cardiac arrhythmias</td>
                    <td align="center">1952</td>
                    <td align="center">2053</td>
                    <td align="center">5%</td>
                    <td align="center">1986</td>
                    <td align="center">2582 - 1388</td>
                    <td align="center">0.3863</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Cardiovascular comorbidities</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>17 623</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>16 295</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>-8%</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>17 420</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>19 062 &#8211; 15 777</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0.0918</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="1">
                      <bold>In-hospital fatality rate</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td>
										</td>
                    <td>
										</td>
                    <td>
										</td>
                    <td>
										</td>
                    <td>
										</td>
                    <td>
										</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Stroke</td>
                    <td align="center">14.18</td>
                    <td align="center">14.71</td>
                    <td align="center">4%</td>
                    <td align="center">13.72%</td>
                    <td align="center">15.33 - 12.10</td>
                    <td align="center">0.1067</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Hypertensive diseases</td>
                    <td align="center">1.84</td>
                    <td align="center">2.36</td>
                    <td align="center">29%</td>
                    <td align="center">1.72%</td>
                    <td align="center">2.11 - 1.34</td>
                    <td align="center">0.0198</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Rheumatic diseases</td>
                    <td align="center">7.49</td>
                    <td align="center">8.47</td>
                    <td align="center">13%</td>
                    <td align="center">7.08%</td>
                    <td align="center">10.19 - 3.97</td>
                    <td align="center">0.1616</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Acute myocardial infarction</td>
                    <td align="center">9.76</td>
                    <td align="center">9.26</td>
                    <td align="center">-5%</td>
                    <td align="center">9.20%</td>
                    <td align="center">10.21 - 8.18</td>
                    <td align="center">0.4363</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Heart failure</td>
                    <td align="center">11.34</td>
                    <td align="center">12.21</td>
                    <td align="center">8%</td>
                    <td align="center">11.31%</td>
                    <td align="center">12.01 - 10.60</td>
                    <td align="center">0.0322</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Cardiovascular malformations</td>
                    <td align="center">6.84</td>
                    <td align="center">7.80</td>
                    <td align="center">14%</td>
                    <td align="center">6.40%</td>
                    <td align="center">8.26 - 4.54</td>
                    <td align="center">0.0798</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Conduction disorders and cardiac arrhythmias</td>
                    <td align="center">11.57</td>
                    <td align="center">14.69</td>
                    <td align="center">27%</td>
                    <td align="center">11.57%</td>
                    <td align="center">14.90 - 8.24</td>
                    <td align="center">0.0559</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Cardiovascular comorbidities</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>10.61</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>11.52</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>9%</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>10.39%</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>11.26 - 9.52</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">
                      <bold>0.0318</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN3001">
                  <p>
                    <italic>Confidence intervals and p-values calculated by using Student t distribution, considering the differences between the value projected and the value recorded in 2020.</italic>
                  </p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
          </p>
          <sec>
            <title>Diagnostic and Surgical Procedures</title>
            <p><xref ref-type="table" rid="t2001">Table 2</xref> shows the comparison of the number of diagnostic and surgical procedures performed in March, April, and May of 2019 and 2020, with a total drop of 45% in all procedures studied in 2020. The procedures with the most significant reductions were as follows: ABPM (74% reduction), exercise test (59%), and 24-hour Holter (51%). Electrocardiography and echocardiography had a decrease of 41% and 42%, respectively. Cardiac catheterization and pacemaker implantation had the smallest decline, 27% and 11%, respectively.</p>
            <p>The total number of surgeries performed in March, April, and May 2020 decreased by 20% as compared to the previous year, which was not statistically significant (p=0.0854). However, when considering only cardiovascular and endovascular surgeries, declines of 13% and 32%, respectively, were observed, both with statistical significance (p&lt;0.05).</p>
          </sec>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Admissions</title>
        <p>Regarding the admissions due to cardiovascular diseases in March, April, and May 2020, a 15% reduction was observed as compared to the same period of the previous year ( <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3001">Table 3</xref> ). Data from all diseases analyzed individually also showed a statistically significant reduction. The greatest differences were in admissions due to hypertensive diseases, followed by those due to rheumatic diseases, with 33% and 29% reductions, respectively. It is worth noting that admissions due to AMI had the smallest reduction (4%).</p>
        <p>In general, all diseases showed a decrease in admissions from 2019 to 2020 for all age groups. The following are worthy of note: AMI, whose difference in admissions had statistical significance only for the elderly group; heart failure, in which the extreme age groups (child/adolescent and elderly) had the greatest impacts; and conduction disorders and other arrhythmias, which showed statistically significant reduction only for the elderly. When considering admissions from stroke, the adults and the elderly had significant reductions (11% and 12%, respectively). Regarding admissions from hypertensive diseases, all age groups had statistically significant reductions.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>In-hospital Deaths and In-hospital Fatality Rate</title>
        <p>The absolute number of deaths due to CVD decreased by 8% from March to May 2020 as compared to the same period in 2019 ( <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3001">Table 3</xref> ). The deaths related to hypertensive diseases in the age group 20-59 years had a 21% increase in 2020 (p&lt;0.05; supplementary material).</p>
        <p>Regarding the general fatality rates, there was an overall 9% increase when comparing the same months of 2019 and 2020. Except for AMI, whose fatality rate decreased by 5%, all other pathologies had an increase in fatality rates. Regarding the pathologies individually, hypertensive diseases and heart failure stood out, with 29% and 8% increases in their in-hospital fatality rates, respectively, from 2019 to 2020 (p&lt;0.05).</p>
        <p>When considering the age groups, the in-hospital fatality increase in the admissions due to CVD was statistically significant only among adults. Considering the diseases individually, it is worth noting that the in-hospital fatality increase due to hypertensive diseases was statistically significant only for adults. Regarding heart failure, adults and elderly showed statistical difference in that rate (p&lt;0.05; <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2001">Tables 2</xref> and <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3001">3</xref> of the supplementary material).</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <p>This study shows a reduction in the cardiovascular care provided to the Brazilian population by the SUS during the COVID-19 pandemic, which resulted in both a reduction in the number of hospital admissions for CVD and an increase in the in-hospital fatality rate from those diseases.</p>
        <p>Our results are similar to those of a study carried out in Italy during 7 days in March 2020, which showed a 13.3% reduction in the proportion of patients with AMI as compared to that same week of 2019. In addition, that study reported a 39.2% increase in acute coronary syndromes and a 31.5% increase in the time elapsed from medical contact to coronary revascularization.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
        <p>In our study, regarding the number of admissions, there was a reduction for all morbidities and age groups analyzed, mainly in April and May, possibly because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Other studies carried out in different countries have reported similar findings.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> The population&#8217;s fear of contracting the virus and the systematization of the healthcare, prioritizing the pandemic, justify that initial impact.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup> That reduction has also been reported for other diseases, as shown by the studies on stroke in Italy<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup> and China.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup></p>
        <p>The reassignment of human resources in the fight against COVID-19 was similar in several countries, despite the heterogeneity of their health systems.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Some countries, such as Australia and New Zealand, to prepare hospitals to provide healthcare to a large number of patients with COVID-19, kept the delivery of surgical care limited to emergency or high-priority elective cases.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref></sup> In a hospital in Northern Italy, one of the epicenters of the pandemic in that country, the planned surgical activities were interrupted to increase the number of intensive care physicians available to patients with COVID-19, and the outpatient activities were cut to half.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref></sup> This rearrangement in the healthcare model was expected to have an impact on the mortality from other diseases, whose usual healthcare delivery flow was reduced, favoring clinical decompensations, diagnostic delay, and disease progression.</p>
        <p>Despite the reduction in absolute numbers of in-hospital deaths, there was an increase in the in-hospital fatality rate of admissions due to CVD. That reduction in the number of deaths might have resulted from the lack of proper reporting and the deficient structure of the health system to properly designate the COVID-19-related cause of death as cardiovascular. The interaction between COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system is currently well known, after 7 months of disease. COVID-19 is related to a high prevalence of cardiac injury, arrhythmias, myocarditis, acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, cardiogenic shock, and thromboembolic events.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref></sup> The increased fatality in admissions due to CVD reflects the potential severity of COVID-19 in CVD and the possible patient&#8217;s delay in searching medical care, being then hospitalized in more severe conditions. The increased fatality of patients admitted due to CVD has reached the most economically-active part of the population (20-59 years), adding more concern to the ongoing economic crisis. Although some studies have observed a similar impact of the pandemic on hospital care,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref></sup> ours might be one of the first to demonstrate an increase in the in-hospital fatality rate due to CVD.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
        <p>This study has the limitation of assessing only one part of the Brazilian population, the one with access to only the SUS-provided healthcare. Thus, our data cannot be extrapolated to the whole population of Brazil. It is worth noting that the impact demonstrated on the fatality of Brazilians might be overestimated, because the population cared for at the SUS, being socioeconomically disadvantaged, has a poorer control of cardiovascular risk factors, in addition to having access to medication of poorer quality and in an unsatisfactory manner.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref></sup> Such factors on their own make that population more vulnerable to clinical decompensation, with consequent higher in-hospital fatality. Moreover, the restriction of elective admissions might have influenced in-hospital fatality, although that type of healthcare represents only 7.80% of the total of admissions ( <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1001">Table 1</xref> ). It is worth noting the shortness of the period analyzed (3 months). Therefore, further studies should validate these findings and compare them to those of other periods.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclusions</title>
        <p>Ours is the first study to assess the impact on cardiovascular health at the SUS across Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. These data support the concern that healthcare delivery might have been postponed or reduced during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Study Association</p>
          <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate</p>
          <p>This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <p><bold>Sources of Funding</bold> .There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
