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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">tFQHn8rLHS5Fw5JHKPymjPf</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2021000200355</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20210031</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20210031</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta Cient&#237;fica</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>T&#243;picos Emergentes em Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca: Inibidores do Cotransportador S&#243;dio-Glicose 2 (iSGLT2) na IC</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9204-485X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Bocchi</surname>
            <given-names>Edimar Alcides</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8579-4158</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Biolo</surname>
            <given-names>Andr&#233;a</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4741-322X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Moura</surname>
            <given-names>Lidia Zytynski</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>5</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3739-7702</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Figueiredo</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; Albuquerque</given-names>
            <suffix>Neto</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>6</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7330-7674</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Montenegro</surname>
            <given-names>Carlos Eduardo Lucena</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
            <sup>7</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1883-6546</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Albuquerque</surname>
            <given-names>Denilson Campos de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
            <sup>8</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">
            <sup>9</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Cl&#237;nica de Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Cl&#237;nica de Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca do Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o (Incor) da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>4</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Servi&#231;o de Cardiologia</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Moinhos de Vento</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Servi&#231;o de Cardiologia do Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff5">
        <label>5</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Pontif&#237;cia Universidade Cat&#243;lica do Paran&#225;</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Curitiba</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Pontif&#237;cia Universidade Cat&#243;lica do Paran&#225;, Curitiba, PR - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff6">
        <label>6</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Maranh&#227;o</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Lu&#237;s</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">MA</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Maranh&#227;o, S&#227;o Lu&#237;s, MA - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff7">
        <label>7</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Pronto Socorro Cardiol&#243;gico de Pernambuco</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">UPE</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Pernambuco</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RE</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Pronto Socorro Cardiol&#243;gico de Pernambuco (PROCAPE/UPE), Pernambuco, RE - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff8">
        <label>8</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff9">
        <label>9</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto D&#8217;Or de Pesquisa e Ensino</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto D&#8217;Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Edimar Alcides Bocchi &#8226; Rua Dr. Melo Alves, 690, 4&#186; andar. CEP 01417-010, Cerqueira C&#233;sar, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil E-mail: <email>dcledimar@incor.usp.br</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</p>
          <p>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito e Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Bocchi EA, Biolo A, Moura LZ, Figueiredo Neto JA, Montenegro CEL, Albuquerque DC</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potencial conflito de interesses</p>
          <p>Dr. Edimar Bocchi - Honor&#225;rio de consultoria/palestra: Boehringer Ingelheim, Astra Zeneca. Verba de pesquisa: Astra Zeneca. Projetos de pesquisa: Boehringer Ingelheim, Astra Zeneca.</p>
          <p>Dra. Lidia Zytynski Moura &#8211; Palestrante e do conselho consultivo da empresa Astra Zeneca.</p>
          <p>Dr. Carlos Eduardo Lucena Montenegro &#8211; Palestrante da Astra Zeneca.</p>
          <p>Dr. Jos&#233; Albuquerque de Figueiredo Neto - Palestrante da Astra Zeneca.</p>
          <p>Dr. Denilson Campos de Albuquerque &#8211; Pesquisador estudo Emperor. Conselho consultivo e palestra para Boehringer Ingelheim e Astra Zeneca.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>01</day>
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>116</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>355</fpage>
      <lpage>358</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>12</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2021</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>25</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2021</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>25</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2021</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca</kwd>
        <kwd>iSGLT2</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="4"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="23"/>
        <page-count count="4"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec>
      <title>Poss&#237;veis mecanismos de a&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>Os inibidores do cotransportador de s&#243;dio-glicose-2 (SGLT2) inibem a reabsor&#231;&#227;o da glicose no t&#250;bulo contorcido proximal, resultando em glicos&#250;ria e redu&#231;&#227;o dos n&#237;veis glic&#234;micos. Entretanto, esse efeito n&#227;o parece explicar os benef&#237;cios dos ISGLT2 em pacientes com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (IC).<sup><xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>,<xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Seu benef&#237;cio tamb&#233;m parece n&#227;o ser diretamente relacionado ao efeito nos fatores de risco cardiovasculares cl&#225;ssicos [hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica, diabetes melito (DM), dislipidemia], uma vez que a redu&#231;&#227;o de desfechos no estudo EMPA-REG n&#227;o foi dependente do perfil metab&#243;lico/hemodin&#226;mico basal dos pacientes ou de sua varia&#231;&#227;o ao longo do estudo.<sup><xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Entre os mecanismos mais aceitos para explicar o modo de a&#231;&#227;o dos ISGLT2 na IC, est&#227;o a melhora na tens&#227;o parietal do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo secund&#225;rio &#224; diminui&#231;&#227;o da pr&#233; (efeito da natriurese e diurese osm&#243;tica) e p&#243;s-carga (melhora na fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial e redu&#231;&#227;o da press&#227;o arterial).<sup><xref rid="B4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>-<xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref></sup> Mecanismos metab&#243;licos incluem a melhora no metabolismo e bioenerg&#233;tica do cardiomi&#243;cito (maior cetog&#234;nese e aumento da oferta de &#946;-hidroxibutirato),<sup><xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref></sup> inibi&#231;&#227;o da bomba s&#243;dio-hidrog&#234;nio mioc&#225;rdica (o que leva a maior concentra&#231;&#227;o de c&#225;lcio na mitoc&#244;ndria),<sup><xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref></sup> redu&#231;&#227;o da necrose e fibrose card&#237;acas (inibi&#231;&#227;o da s&#237;ntese de col&#225;geno)<sup><xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref></sup> e altera&#231;&#245;es na produ&#231;&#227;o de citocinas e no tecido gorduroso epic&#225;rdico.<sup><xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Entretanto, ainda existem d&#250;vidas sobre a real contribui&#231;&#227;o desses mecanismos.</p>
      <p>Os benef&#237;cios s&#227;o observados com e sem DM, colocando em d&#250;vida o papel da cetog&#234;nese.</p>
      <p>O efeito diur&#233;tico dos ISGLT2 n&#227;o foi observado no DAPA-HF (seja potencializando diur&#233;ticos ou reduzindo n&#237;veis de pept&#237;deos natriur&#233;ticos).<sup><xref rid="B11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref></sup> Dessa forma, o melhor conhecimento dos principais mecanismos ainda depende de estudos em modelos experimentais e de outros em andamento, como EMPEROR-preserved, EMPA-HEART e DELIVER.</p>
      <p>Os poss&#237;veis mecanismos de a&#231;&#227;o dessa classe terap&#234;utica est&#227;o sintetizados na <xref rid="f01" ref-type="fig">Figura 1</xref>.</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f01">
          <label>Figura 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Mecanismos de a&#231;&#227;o do iSGLT2. ISGLT2: inibidores do cotransportador de s&#243;dio-glicose-2.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-02-0355-10031-gf01.tif"/></fig>
      </p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Novas evid&#234;ncias na preven&#231;&#227;o de IC</title>
      <p>Em 2015, foi publicado o primeiro grande estudo dessa classe terap&#234;utica (EMPA-REG OUTCOME),<sup><xref rid="B12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref></sup> que avaliou a empagliflozina em pacientes com DM2, doen&#231;a cardiovascular estabelecida e recebendo tratamento usual. Entre os pacientes que receberam empagliflozina, houve redu&#231;&#227;o significativa dos principais eventos cardiovasculares adversos [MACE = morte cardiovascular (CV), infarto do mioc&#225;rdio (IM) n&#227;o fatal ou acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) n&#227;o fatal] [<italic>hazard ratio</italic> (HR): 0,86; intervalo de confian&#231;a (IC) 95%: 0,74-0,99], e uma surpreendente redu&#231;&#227;o de hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (HIC) (HR:0,65; IC 95%: 0,50-0,85). O CANVAS-Program,<sup><xref rid="B13" ref-type="bibr">13</xref></sup> publicado em 2017, avaliou a canagliflozina em pacientes com DM2 com alto risco para eventos cardiovasculares e recebendo tratamento usual. Houve redu&#231;&#227;o para o desfecho prim&#225;rio combinado (MACE = morte CV, IM n&#227;o fatal ou AVC n&#227;o fatal) e redu&#231;&#227;o de HIC de 33% (HR= 0,67; IC 95%: 0,52-0,87) bem como dos eventos renais combinados.</p>
      <p>O estudo DECLARE-TIMI 58<sup><xref rid="B14" ref-type="bibr">14</xref></sup> avaliou a dapagliflozina em pacientes com DM2 e doen&#231;a ateroscler&#243;tica estabelecida ou m&#250;ltiplos fatores de risco para doen&#231;a ateroscler&#243;tica e recebendo tratamento usual. N&#227;o houve redu&#231;&#227;o no desfecho prim&#225;rio combinado (MACE = morte CV, IM ou AVC). Foi observada redu&#231;&#227;o para o desfecho combinado de mortalidade cardiovascular e HIC de 17%, e uma redu&#231;&#227;o de 27% (HR: 0,73; IC 95%: 0,61-0,88) para HIC. Mais recentemente o estudo Vertis&#8211;CV<sup><xref rid="B15" ref-type="bibr">15</xref></sup> avaliou a ertuglifozina (ainda n&#227;o comercializada no Brasil) em pacientes com DM2, doen&#231;a cardiovascular estabelecida e recebendo tratamento usual. N&#227;o houve redu&#231;&#227;o no desfecho prim&#225;rio combinado (MACE = morte CV, IM ou AVC). Foi observada, no entanto, redu&#231;&#227;o de 30% na HIC.</p>
      <p>Tomados em conjunto, os dados dispon&#237;veis demonstram a efic&#225;cia dos inibidores da SGLT2 na redu&#231;&#227;o da incid&#234;ncia por IC em grupos de pacientes com DM2.</p>
      <p>A avalia&#231;&#227;o de outros desfechos isoladamente evidenciou benef&#237;cios para o grupo que recebeu o medicamento. O HR foi de 0,73 (IC 95%: 0,61-0,88) para hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por IC; HR de 0,83 (IC 95%: 0,73-0,95) para desfecho combinado de mortalidade CV e HIC; e HR de 0,53 (IC 95%: 0,43-0,66) para insufici&#234;ncia ou mortalidade renal.</p>
      <p>Os resultados para o desfecho prim&#225;rio combinado (MACE = morte CV, IM n&#227;o fatal ou AVC n&#227;o fatal) apontaram HR de 0,86 (IC 95%: 0,74-0,99).</p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Novas evid&#234;ncias no tratamento da IC em pacientes com e sem DM</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Preven&#231;&#227;o de IC no diab&#233;tico</title>
        <p>A IC &#233; sabidamente a segunda causa de doen&#231;a cardiovascular no DM2. A preval&#234;ncia de IC &#233; de 9 a 22%, o que representa quatro vezes a preval&#234;ncia na popula&#231;&#227;o geral, sendo em geral maior no sexo feminino (redu&#231;&#227;o de risco relativo (RRR) 1,95 vs 1,75).<sup><xref rid="B16" ref-type="bibr">16</xref></sup> Dados recentes sugerem que o &#237;ndice de massa corporal possui impacto maior no desenvolvimento de IC nos pacientes DM2 do que hemoglobina glicada por si s&#243;, diferente do desfecho IM/AVC.<sup><xref rid="B16" ref-type="bibr">16</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Assim sendo, os diferentes mecanismos das drogas hipoglicemiantes precisam ser considerados nesse desfecho de forma geral, e n&#227;o apenas o controle glic&#234;mico.<sup><xref rid="B17" ref-type="bibr">17</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Os inibidores de dipeptidil peptidase-4 (DPP-4) se mostraram neutros como classe em todos os aspectos da doen&#231;a cardiovascular. Os agonistas do pept&#237;deo semelhante a glucagon 1 (GLP1) como uma classe reduziram risco de doen&#231;a cardiovascular ateroscler&#243;tica (redu&#231;&#227;o de IM e/ou AVC).<sup><xref rid="B18" ref-type="bibr">18</xref></sup></p>
        <p>No entanto, foram os inibidores da SGLT2 que mostraram um benef&#237;cio definitivo na redu&#231;&#227;o da hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por IC.<sup><xref rid="B19" ref-type="bibr">19</xref></sup>Recentemente, o estudo DAPA HF e EMPEROR-Reduced demonstraram em pacientes com IC com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o reduzida amplia&#231;&#227;o dos benef&#237;cios n&#227;o somente nos diab&#233;ticos, como tamb&#233;m em n&#227;o diab&#233;ticos. Nesses estudos, foram encontradas redu&#231;&#227;o de interna&#231;&#245;es por IC, bem como redu&#231;&#227;o de mortalidade cardiovascular com uso dos iSGLT2 como terapia de adi&#231;&#227;o ao tratamento farmacol&#243;gico otimizado para IC.<sup><xref rid="B19" ref-type="bibr">19</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Assim, a metan&#225;lise de combina&#231;&#245;es demonstrou que um potencial regime ideal de tratamento com redu&#231;&#227;o de desfechos CV e IC poderia ser a combina&#231;&#227;o de GLP1-a e SGLT2-i em um hist&#243;rico de terapia com metformina.<sup><xref rid="B17" ref-type="bibr">17</xref>,<xref rid="B19" ref-type="bibr">19</xref></sup></p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>iSGLT2 na ICFER - quais, para quem e em que momento</title>
      <p>O iSGLT2 (ertugliflozin) no estudo VERTIS CV reduziu hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por IC em pacientes diab&#233;ticos com doen&#231;a vascular por aterosclerose.<sup><xref rid="B15" ref-type="bibr">15</xref></sup> O iSGLT2 (empagliflozina) no estudo EMPEROR-Reduced reduziu o desfecho prim&#225;rio combinado de hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por IC/morte CV; os desfechos secund&#225;rios de hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por IC e decl&#237;nio da fun&#231;&#227;o renal; melhorou qualidade de vida, reduziu a hemoglobina glicada e o fragmento N-terminal do pept&#237;deo natriur&#233;tico tipo B (NT-proBNP).<sup><xref rid="B20" ref-type="bibr">20</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A dapagliflozina, no estudo DAPA-HF, reduziu o desfecho combinado de hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o/visita urgente por IC e morte CV; os desfechos secund&#225;rios de morte cardiovascular/HIC, total de HIC/morte CV; e morte de qualquer causa e melhorou qualidade de vida.<sup><xref rid="B21" ref-type="bibr">21</xref></sup> Da mesma maneira, a dapaglifozina no estudo DECLARE-TIMI reduziu evento renal<sup><xref rid="B14" ref-type="bibr">14</xref></sup> e, no DAPA-CKD, reduziu o risco de sustentado decl&#237;nio da fun&#231;&#227;o renal em pacientes com doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica, diab&#233;tico ou n&#227;o.<sup><xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref></sup> Uma suban&#225;lise do estudo DAPA-HF demonstrou redu&#231;&#227;o da progress&#227;o da fun&#231;&#227;o renal em pacientes com IC;<sup><xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref></sup> uma an&#225;lise preespecificada do EMPA-REG OUTCOME demonstrou que o ISGLT2 (empagliflozina) reduziu progress&#227;o da piora da fun&#231;&#227;o renal em diab&#233;ticos.<sup><xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref></sup> No estudo CREDENCE, a canagliflozina reduziu a progress&#227;o da piora da fun&#231;&#227;o renal.<sup><xref rid="B22" ref-type="bibr">22</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A <xref rid="f02" ref-type="fig">Figura 2</xref> sintetiza os benef&#237;cios inquestion&#225;veis na redu&#231;&#227;o de hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o nos principais estudos.</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f02">
          <label>Figura 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Redu&#231;&#227;o de hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca nos estudos com ISGLT2. ISGLT2: inibidores do cotransportador de s&#243;dio-glicose-2; RRR: Redu&#231;&#227;o do Risco Relativo; HR: hazard ratio; IC: intervalo de confian&#231;a.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-02-0355-10031-gf02.tif"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>A &#250;ltima Diretriz Brasileira de Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca da SBC, coordenada pelo Departamento de Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca (DEIC), foi publicada em 2018 e pouco conhecimento havia sobre o papel dos iSGLT2 no manuseio terap&#234;utico da IC.<sup><xref rid="B23" ref-type="bibr">23</xref></sup> Foi consenso no DEIC que era chegado o momento de revisit&#225;-la. Para tanto, foram realizadas reuni&#245;es preparat&#243;rias, divis&#245;es de t&#243;picos entre os diversos colaboradores e uma reuni&#227;o virtual por conta da pandemia do COVID-19 que ocorreu em 04 de dezembro de 2020. Essa reuni&#227;o teve a participa&#231;&#227;o de ilustres especialistas na &#225;rea de IC, atualizando, opinando e incluindo novas op&#231;&#245;es terap&#234;uticas. Os iSGLT2 foram incorporados ao manuseio terap&#234;utico da IC reunidos em uma tabela &#250;nica que est&#225; sendo publicada dentro em breve.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Lista de Participantes do Heart Failure Summit Brazil 2020 / Departamento de Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca - DEIC/SBC</title>
      <p>Aguinaldo Freitas Junior, Andr&#233;ia Biolo, Antonio Carlos Pereira Barretto, Ant&#244;nio Lagoeiro Jorge, Bruno Biselli, Carlos Eduardo Lucena Montenegro, Denilson Campos de Albuquerque, Dirceu Rodrigues de Almeida, Edimar Alcides Bocchi, Edval Gomes dos Santos J&#250;nior, Est&#234;v&#227;o Lanna Figueiredo, Evandro Tinoco Mesquita, Fabiana G. Marcondes-Braga, F&#225;bio Fernandes, Fabio Serra Silveira, Felix Jos&#233; Alvarez Ramires, Fernando Atik, Fernando Bacal, Fl&#225;vio de Souza Brito, Germano Emilio Concei&#231;&#227;o Souza, Gustavo Calado de Aguiar Ribeiro, Humberto Villacorta Jr., Jefferson Luis Vieira, Jo&#227;o David de Souza Neto, Jo&#227;o Manoel Rossi Neto, Jos&#233; Albuquerque de Figueiredo Neto, L&#237;dia Ana Zytynski Moura, Livia Adams Goldraich, Lu&#237;s Beck-da- Silva, Lu&#237;s Eduardo Paim Rohde, Luiz Claudio Danzmann, Manoel Fernandes Canesin, Marcelo Bittencourt, Marcelo Westerlund Montera, Marcely Gimenes Bonatto, Marcus Vinicius Sim&#245;es, Maria da Consola&#231;&#227;o Vieira Moreira, Miguel Morita Fernandes da Silva, Monica Samuel Avila, Mucio Tavares de Oliveira Junior, Nadine Clausell, Odilson Marcos Silvestre, Otavio Rizzi Coelho Filho, Pedro Vellosa Schwartzmann, Reinaldo Bulgarelli Bestetti, Ricardo Mourilhe Rocha, Sabrina Bernadez Pereira, Salvador Rassi, Sandrigo Mangini, Silvia Marinho Martins, Silvia Moreira Ayub Ferreira, Victor Sarli Issa.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <label/>
        <p>
          <italic>Carta cient&#237;fica referente ao Heart Failure Summit Brazil 2020 / Departamento de Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca &#8211; DEIC/SBC</italic>
        </p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <label/>
        <p>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</p>
        <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <p><bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>.O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Letter</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Emerging Topics in Heart Failure: Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors (SGLT2i) in HF</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9204-485X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Bocchi</surname>
            <given-names>Edimar Alcides</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8579-4158</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Biolo</surname>
            <given-names>Andr&#233;a</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3001">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4001">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4741-322X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Moura</surname>
            <given-names>Lidia Zytynski</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5001">
            <sup>5</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3739-7702</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Figueiredo</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; Albuquerque</given-names>
            <suffix>Neto</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6001">
            <sup>6</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7330-7674</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Montenegro</surname>
            <given-names>Carlos Eduardo Lucena</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7001">
            <sup>7</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1883-6546</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Albuquerque</surname>
            <given-names>Denilson Campos de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8001">
            <sup>8</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9001">
            <sup>9</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Cl&#237;nica de Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca do Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o (Incor) da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3001">
        <label>3</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4001">
        <label>4</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Servi&#231;o de Cardiologia do Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff5001">
        <label>5</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Pontif&#237;cia Universidade Cat&#243;lica do Paran&#225;, Curitiba, PR - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff6001">
        <label>6</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Maranh&#227;o, S&#227;o Lu&#237;s, MA - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff7001">
        <label>7</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Pronto Socorro Cardiol&#243;gico de Pernambuco (PROCAPE/UPE), Pernambuco, RE - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff8001">
        <label>8</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff9001">
        <label>9</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto D&#8217;Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001"><bold>Mailing Address: Edimar Alcides Bocchi &#8226;</bold> Rua Dr. Melo Alves, 690, 4&#186; andar. Postal Code 01417-010, Cerqueira C&#233;sar, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil E-mail: dcledimar@incor.usp.br </corresp>
        <fn id="fn1001">
          <p>Author contributions</p>
          <p>Writing of the manuscript and Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Bocchi EA, Biolo A, Moura LZ, Figueiredo Neto JA, Montenegro CEL, Albuquerque DC</p>
          <p>Potential Conflict of Interest</p>
          <p>Dr. Edimar Bocchi - Consultancy/lecture fee: Boehringer Ingelheim, Astra Zeneca. Research grant: Astra Zeneca. Research projects: Boehringer Ingelheim, Astra Zeneca.</p>
          <p>Dr. Lidia Zytynski Moura - Speaker and advisory board at Astra Zeneca.</p>
          <p>Dr. Carlos Eduardo Lucena Montenegro - Speaker at Astra Zeneca.</p>
          <p>Dr. Jos&#233; Albuquerque de Figueiredo Neto - Speaker at Astra Zeneca.</p>
          <p>Dr. Denilson Campos de Albuquerque - Emperor study researcher. Advisory board and speaker to Boehringer Ingelheim and Astra Zeneca.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>heart failure</kwd>
        <kwd>SGLT2i</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec>
        <title>Possible Mechanisms of Action</title>
        <p>Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) inhibit glucose reabsorption in proximal convoluted tubules, resulting in glycosuria and reduced blood glucose levels. However, this effect does not seem to explain the benefits of SGLT2i in patients with heart failure (HF).<sup><xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>,<xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Its benefits also do not seem to be directly related to its effects on classic cardiovascular risk factors (SAH, DM, DLP), since outcome reduction in the EMPA-REG study was not dependent on the baseline metabolic/hemodynamic profile of the patients or their variation throughout the study.<sup><xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref></sup></p>
        <p>One of the most accepted mechanisms for explaining the mode of action of SGLT2i in HF is improved parietal tension of the left ventricle secondary to a decrease in pre- (effect of natriuresis and osmotic diuresis) and afterload (improvement in endothelial function and reduction of blood pressure).<sup><xref rid="B4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>-<xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref></sup> Metabolic mechanisms include improved cardiomyocyte metabolism and bioenergetics (increased ketogenesis and increased &#946;-hydroxybutyrate levels),<sup><xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref></sup> myocardial sodium-hydrogen pump inhibition (which leads to a higher concentrations of calcium in the mitochondria),<sup><xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref></sup> reduced cardiac necrosis and fibrosis (inhibition of collagen synthesis)<sup><xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref></sup> and changes in cytokine production and epicardial fatty tissue.<sup><xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref></sup></p>
        <p>However, there are still questions about the real contribution of these mechanisms.</p>
        <p>Their benefits exist with or without DM, which calls the role of ketogenesis into question.</p>
        <p>The diuretic effect of SGLT2i was not observed in DAPA-HF (either by potentiating diuretics or reducing natriuretic peptide levels).<sup><xref rid="B11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref></sup> Thus, better knowledge of the main mechanisms still depends on studies in experimental models and other studies in progress, such as EMPEROR-preserved, EMPA-HEART and DELIVER.</p>
        <p>The possible mechanisms of action of this therapeutic class are summarized in the figure below (<xref rid="f01001" ref-type="fig">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f01001">
            <label>Figure 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; SGLT2i: mechanisms of action.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-02-0355-10031-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>New evidence about HF prevention</title>
        <p>The first large study on this therapeutic class (EMPA-REG OUTCOME) was published in 2015.<sup><xref rid="B12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref></sup> It evaluated empagliflozin in DM2 patients with established cardiovascular disease who were receiving normal treatment. Among those who received empagliflozin, there was a significant reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE: CV death, non-fatal MI or non-fatal stroke) (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.86 95% CI: 0.74-0.99) and a surprising reduction in hospitalization for HF (HHF) (HR: 0.65 (95%CI: 0.50-0.85). The CANVAS Program,<sup><xref rid="B13" ref-type="bibr">13</xref></sup> published in 2017, evaluated canagliflozin in DM2 patients with a high risk of cardiovascular events who were receiving normal treatment. It found a reduction in the combined primary endpoint (MACE: CV death, non-fatal MI or non-fatal stroke) and a 33% reduction in HHF (HR = 0.67, 95%CI: 0.52-0.87), as well as fewer combined renal events.</p>
        <p>The DECLARE-TIMI 58 trial<sup><xref rid="B14" ref-type="bibr">14</xref></sup> evaluated dapagliflozin in DM2 patients with established atherosclerotic disease or multiple risk factors for atherosclerotic disease who were receiving normal treatment. There was no reduction in the combined primary outcome (MACE: CV death, MI or stroke). There was a 17% reduction in the combined outcome of cardiovascular mortality and HHF, and a 27% reduction (HR: 0.73 (95%CI: 0.61-0.88) in HHF. More recently, the VERTIS&#8211;CV trial<sup><xref rid="B15" ref-type="bibr">15</xref></sup> evaluated ertugliflozin (not yet marketed in Brazil) in DM2 patients with established cardiovascular disease who were receiving normal treatment. Although there was no reduction in the combined primary outcome (MACE: CV death, myocardial infarction or stroke),a 30% reduction in HHF was observed.</p>
        <p>Taken together, the available data demonstrate the effectiveness of SGLT2i for reducing the incidence of HF in groups of DM2 patients.</p>
        <p>When assessed in isolation, the other outcomes showed benefits for the group that received the medication. For the combined outcome of cardiovascular mortality and HHF, the HR of HHF was 0.73 (95%CI: 0.61-0.88) and the HR was 0.83 (95%CI: 0.73-0.95). For renal failure or mortality, the HR was 0.53 (95%CI: 0.43-0.66).</p>
        <p>There was a HR of 0.86 (95%CI: 0.74-0.99)The results for the combined primary outcome (MACE: CV death, non-fatal MI or non-fatal stroke).</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>New evidence about HF treatment in patients with and without DM</title>
        <sec>
          <title>HF prevention in diabetics</title>
          <p>HF is the second leading cause of cardiovascular disease in DM2. The prevalence of HF is 9-22%, which is four times the prevalence in the general population and is generally higher in females (relative risk reduction (RRR) 1.95 vs. 1.75).<sup><xref rid="B16" ref-type="bibr">16</xref></sup> Recent data suggest that, in DM2 patients, body mass index has a greater impact on the development of HF in than glycated HB itself, which is unlike the AMI/stroke outcome.<sup><xref rid="B16" ref-type="bibr">16</xref></sup></p>
          <p>Therefore, the different mechanisms of hypoglycemic drugs should be considered for this outcome in general, not just for glycemic control.<sup><xref rid="B17" ref-type="bibr">17</xref></sup> It has been shown that DPP-4 inhibitors are a neutral class in all aspects of cardiovascular disease. As a class, GLP1 agonists reduced the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (reduced AMI and/or stroke).<sup><xref rid="B18" ref-type="bibr">18</xref></sup>However, SGLT2i showed a definite benefit by reducing HHF.<sup><xref rid="B19" ref-type="bibr">19</xref></sup> Recently, the DAPA-HF and EMPEROR-Reduced trials demonstrated increased benefits in HF patients (both diabetic and non-diabetic) with reduced ejection fraction. These studies found that, as an add-on therapy to pharmacological treatment optimized for HF, SGLT2i reduced HHF and cardiovascular mortality.<sup><xref rid="B19" ref-type="bibr">19</xref></sup></p>
          <p>Thus, a meta-analysis of combinations demonstrated that a potential ideal treatment regimen with reduced CV and HF outcomes could be a combination of GLP1-a and SGLT2i in a history of metformin therapy.<sup><xref rid="B17" ref-type="bibr">17</xref>,<xref rid="B19" ref-type="bibr">19</xref></sup></p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>SGLT2i in ICFER - which, for whom, and when</title>
        <p>In the VERTIS-CV trial, SGLT2i (ertugliflozin) reduced hospitalization for HF in diabetic patients with vascular disease due to atherosclerosis.<sup><xref rid="B15" ref-type="bibr">15</xref></sup> In the EMPEROR-Reduced trial, SGLT2i (empagliflozin) reduced the combined primary outcome of HHF/cardiovascular death and the secondary outcomes HHF and decline in renal function, as well as improved quality of life, reduced glycated hemoglobin and NT-proBNP.<sup><xref rid="B20" ref-type="bibr">20</xref></sup></p>
        <p>In the DAPA-HF trial, dapagliflozin reduced the combined outcome of hospitalization/urgent visit due to HF and cardiovascular death, the secondary outcomes cardiovascular death/HHF, total HHF/cardiovascular death, all-cause mortality, and improved quality of life.<sup><xref rid="B21" ref-type="bibr">21</xref></sup> Likewise, in the DECLARE-TIMI trial, dapagliflozin reduced renal events,<sup><xref rid="B14" ref-type="bibr">14</xref></sup> while in the DAPA-CKD trial it reduced the risk of sustained decline in renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease, whether diabetic or not.<sup><xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref></sup> Subanalysis of the DAPA-HF trial showed reduced progression of renal function decline in HF patients,<sup><xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref></sup> while pre-specified analysis of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial showed that SGLT2i (empagliflozin) reduced the progression of renal function decline in diabetics.<sup><xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref></sup> Finally, in the CREDENCE trial, canagliflozin reduced the progression of renal function decline.<sup><xref rid="B22" ref-type="bibr">22</xref></sup></p>
        <p><xref rid="f02001" ref-type="fig">Figure 2</xref> summarizes the unquestionable benefits of SGLT2i (i.e. reduced hospitalization) presented in the main studies.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f02001">
            <label>Figure 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Reduction in hospitalization for heart failure in SGLT2i studies. RRR: relative risk reduction.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-02-0355-10031-gf02-en.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>The most recent SBC Brazilian Heart Failure guideline, coordinated by the Department of Heart Failure (DHF), was published in 2018 and little was known about the role of iSGLT2 in the therapeutic management of HF.<sup><xref rid="B23" ref-type="bibr">23</xref></sup> It was a consensus in the DHF that the time had come to revisit it. For that purpose, preparatory meetings were held, topic divisions were made among the different collaborators and a virtual meeting took place on December 4, 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This meeting was attended by renowned experts in the HF area, who provided updates, offered their opinions and included new therapeutic options. The iSGLT2 have been incorporated into the therapeutic management of HF, gathered together in a single table that will be published shortly.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>List of participants of the Heart Failure Summit Brazil 2020 / Heart Failure Department - Brazilian Society of Cardiology</title>
        <p>Aguinaldo Freitas Junior, Andr&#233;ia Biolo, Antonio Carlos Pereira Barretto, Ant&#244;nio Lagoeiro Jorge, Bruno Biselli, Carlos Eduardo Lucena Montenegro, Denilson Campos de Albuquerque, Dirceu Rodrigues de Almeida, Edimar Alcides Bocchi, Edval Gomes dos Santos J&#250;nior, Est&#234;v&#227;o Lanna Figueiredo, Evandro Tinoco Mesquita, Fabiana G. Marcondes-Braga, F&#225;bio Fernandes, Fabio Serra Silveira, Felix Jos&#233; Alvarez Ramires, Fernando Atik, Fernando Bacal, Fl&#225;vio de Souza Brito, Germano Emilio Concei&#231;&#227;o Souza, Gustavo Calado de Aguiar Ribeiro, Humberto Villacorta Jr., Jefferson Luis Vieira, Jo&#227;o David de Souza Neto, Jo&#227;o Manoel Rossi Neto, Jos&#233; Albuquerque de Figueiredo Neto, L&#237;dia Ana Zytynski Moura, Livia Adams Goldraich, Lu&#237;s Beck-da- Silva, Lu&#237;s Eduardo Paim Rohde, Luiz Claudio Danzmann, Manoel Fernandes Canesin, Marcelo Bittencourt, Marcelo Westerlund Montera, Marcely Gimenes Bonatto, Marcus Vinicius Sim&#245;es, Maria da Consola&#231;&#227;o Vieira Moreira, Miguel Morita Fernandes da Silva, Monica Samuel Avila, Mucio Tavares de Oliveira Junior, Nadine Clausell, Odilson Marcos Silvestre, Otavio Rizzi Coelho Filho, Pedro Vellosa Schwartzmann, Reinaldo Bulgarelli Bestetti, Ricardo Mourilhe Rocha, Sabrina Bernadez Pereira, Salvador Rassi, Sandrigo Mangini, Silvia Marinho Martins, Silvia Moreira Ayub Ferreira, Victor Sarli Issa.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn id="fn2001">
          <label/>
          <p>
            <italic>Research letter related to Heart Failure Summit Brazil 2020 / Heart Failure Department - Brazilian Society of Cardiology</italic>
          </p>
        </fn>
        <fn id="fn3001">
          <label/>
          <p>Study Association</p>
        </fn>
        <fn id="fn4001">
          <label/>
          <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn5001">
          <p><bold>Sources of Funding</bold>.There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
