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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">6MG3sydWH9yjgHNJmW7MKFv</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2021000200303</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20201379</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20201379</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Press&#227;o Dipper ou n&#227;o Dipper na Doen&#231;a Pulmonar Obstrutiva Cr&#244;nica: Eis a Quest&#227;o!</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8497-3528</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Furlan</surname>
            <given-names>Sofia F.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2081-6846</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Drager</surname>
            <given-names>Luciano F.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Unidade de Hipertens&#227;o</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">HCFMUSP</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Unidade de Hipertens&#227;o do Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o (InCor) &#8211; HCFMUSP, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Dr. Luciano F. Drager &#8226; Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o &#8211; Av. Doutor Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44. CEP 05.403-900, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil E-mail: <email>luciano.drager@incor.usp.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>01</day>
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>116</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>303</fpage>
      <lpage>304</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a Pulmonar Obstrutiva Cr&#244;nica</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares</kwd>
        <kwd>Monitoramento</kwd>
        <kwd>Dipper</kwd>
        <kwd>N&#227;o Dipper</kwd>
        <kwd>Progn&#243;stico</kwd>
        <kwd>Qualidade de Vida</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="13"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A doen&#231;a pulmonar obstrutiva cr&#244;nica (DPOC) &#233; um problema grave de sa&#250;de mundial.<sup><xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref></sup> &#201; caracterizada como uma doen&#231;a pulmonar inflamat&#243;ria cr&#244;nica que causa obstru&#231;&#227;o do fluxo de ar dos pulm&#245;es. &#201; tipicamente causada pela exposi&#231;&#227;o de longo prazo &#224; fuma&#231;a do cigarro, mas a polui&#231;&#227;o do ar dom&#233;stico, as part&#237;culas ambientais, o oz&#244;nio e as part&#237;culas ocupacionais, incluindo poeira de carv&#227;o, tamb&#233;m contribuem para a DPOC.<sup><xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref></sup> De acordo com a Carga Global de Doen&#231;as, 544,9 milh&#245;es de pessoas ao redor do mundo apresentavam uma doen&#231;a respirat&#243;ria cr&#244;nica em 2017, o que representava um aumento de 39,8% em compara&#231;&#227;o com 1990.<sup><xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref></sup> Entre as doen&#231;as respirat&#243;rias, a DPOC permaneceu na condi&#231;&#227;o espec&#237;fica de doen&#231;a mais prevalente, globalmente, em 2017, respondendo por 55,1% da preval&#234;ncia de doen&#231;as respirat&#243;rias cr&#244;nicas entre homens e 54,8% entre mulheres.<sup><xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref></sup> Um fato de maior import&#226;ncia &#233; que a maioria dos &#243;bitos atribu&#237;veis a doen&#231;as respirat&#243;rias cr&#244;nicas e dos anos de vida ajustados por incapacidade foram devidos &#224; DPOC.<sup><xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Evid&#234;ncias consistentes indicam que a DPOC est&#225; associada ao aumento do risco cardiovascular, que &#233; uma importante causa de morte em pacientes com DPOC.<sup><xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>,<xref rid="B4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref></sup> A inflama&#231;&#227;o sist&#234;mica, a hipoxia cr&#244;nica, a ativa&#231;&#227;o simp&#225;tica, a hiperinsufla&#231;&#227;o pulmonar, a eritrocitose secund&#225;ria e a perda da superf&#237;cie vascular pulmonar s&#227;o respons&#225;veis por aumentar o &#237;ndice de condi&#231;&#245;es como hipertens&#227;o pulmonar, disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular direita, arritmias, doen&#231;a coronariana isqu&#234;mica, entre outras.<sup><xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref></sup> Mais recentemente, a associa&#231;&#227;o entre DPOC e hipertens&#227;o tem ganhado cada vez mais aten&#231;&#227;o. Em uma coorte dinamarquesa de mais de 70.000 pacientes com DPOC, 47,6% dos pacientes tinham hipertens&#227;o (a comorbidade mais comum nestes pacientes).<sup><xref rid="B5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref></sup> Embora n&#227;o esteja claro se a DPOC aumenta a incid&#234;ncia de hipertens&#227;o, a press&#227;o arterial (PA) n&#227;o controlada est&#225; associada a um mau progn&#243;stico em pacientes com DPOC.<sup><xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref></sup> Estes achados abrem caminho para uma caracteriza&#231;&#227;o adicional do impacto da DPOC na variabilidade da PA.</p>
    <p>Nesta edi&#231;&#227;o dos <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</italic>,<sup><xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref></sup>os autores realizaram um interessante estudo transversal para investigar as associa&#231;&#245;es entre o padr&#227;o press&#243;rico n&#227;o-dipper, que &#233; um marcador de inflama&#231;&#227;o subcl&#237;nica, rigidez arterial e qualidade de vida, em 142 pacientes adultos com DPOC. A DPOC foi definida por meio da espirometria e caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas sugestivas. Como esperado, todos os pacientes foram classificados como dipper ou n&#227;o-dipper pelo monitoramento ambulatorial de PA de 24 horas (MAPA). Al&#233;m disso, os autores avaliaram os par&#226;metros de rigidez arterial usando um dispositivo validado, calculando o &#237;ndice de aumento e a velocidade da onda de pulso. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada por duas escalas, Question&#225;rio Respirat&#243;rio de Saint George e a Escala de Qualidade de Vida Euro (EQ-5D). O primeiro &#233; um question&#225;rio padronizado auto-aplicado para doen&#231;as das vias a&#233;reas, dividido em tr&#234;s subescalas: sintomas (oito itens), atividade (16 itens) e impactos (26 itens). Para cada subescala e para o question&#225;rio geral, os escores variam de zero (sem comprometimento) a 100 (comprometimento m&#225;ximo). A EQ-5D &#233; um instrumento n&#227;o espec&#237;fico de doen&#231;a para descrever e avaliar a qualidade de vida relacionada &#224; sa&#250;de. &#201; not&#225;vel que a inten&#231;&#227;o inicial dos autores ao usar essas duas escalas n&#227;o estava clara. Os autores encontraram uma porcentagem muito alta de padr&#227;o press&#243;rico n&#227;o-dipper (&lt; 10% de redu&#231;&#227;o na PA durante o sono em compara&#231;&#227;o com o per&#237;odo de vig&#237;lia) em pacientes com DPOC, ou seja, 76,1% (n = 108). Conforme descrito anteriormente em outras investiga&#231;&#245;es, foram encontrados valores mais altos do &#237;ndice de aumento naqueles com padr&#227;o press&#243;rico n&#227;o-dipper. &#201; interessante que a qualidade de vida (medida pela EQ-5D) foi inferior em pacientes com DPOC que apresentavam o padr&#227;o press&#243;rico n&#227;o-dipper. De modo consistente, o Question&#225;rio Respirat&#243;rio de Saint George revelou valores mais elevados (menor qualidade de vida) ao comparar nos padr&#245;es n&#227;o-dipper e dipper. Na regress&#227;o log&#237;stica multivariada, os participantes com padr&#227;o press&#243;rico n&#227;o-dipper apresentaram maiores valores de prote&#237;na C reativa (12%), &#237;ndice de aumento (5,7%) e maior pontua&#231;&#227;o total no Question&#225;rio Respirat&#243;rio de Saint George (2,1%), em compara&#231;&#227;o com o grupo de refer&#234;ncia (padr&#227;o press&#243;rico dipper). A EQ-5D n&#227;o foi independentemente associada ao padr&#227;o press&#243;rico n&#227;o-dipper. Al&#233;m disso, a frequ&#234;ncia do padr&#227;o press&#243;rico n&#227;o-dipper aumentou paralelamente ao aumento do n&#250;mero de pessoas que habitavam o domic&#237;lio (33%).</p>
    <p>O estudo realizado por Askin et al.<sup><xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref></sup> tem m&#233;rito por abordar n&#227;o somente a MAPA na DPOC, mas tamb&#233;m as interfaces potenciais nesta associa&#231;&#227;o. Tr&#234;s quartos dos pacientes com DPOC apresentaram padr&#227;o press&#243;rico n&#227;o-dipper, uma taxa compar&#225;vel a outras condi&#231;&#245;es cr&#244;nicas, como diabetes e doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica.<sup><xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>,<xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref></sup> A associa&#231;&#227;o independente do padr&#227;o n&#227;o-dipper com a inflama&#231;&#227;o subcl&#237;nica pode ter as seguintes duas implica&#231;&#245;es potenciais: 1) A inflama&#231;&#227;o pode ser um dos mecanismos potenciais do padr&#227;o press&#243;rico n&#227;o-dipper em pacientes com DPOC, mas o oposto tamb&#233;m pode ser verdadeiro; 2) Esta combina&#231;&#227;o potencialmente denota um subgrupo de pacientes com DPOC com maior risco cardiovascular. A associa&#231;&#227;o independente entre o n&#250;mero de pessoas que habitavam o domic&#237;lio e o padr&#227;o press&#243;rico n&#227;o-dipper &#233; interessante e &#233; potencialmente n&#227;o espec&#237;fico para DPOC. Conforme especulado pelos autores, quanto maior o n&#250;mero de pessoas que habitam um local, maiores s&#227;o os n&#237;veis de ansiedade (e possivelmente ins&#244;nia) que, por sua vez, podem influenciar o padr&#227;o circadiano da PA. Apesar dos pontos fortes, &#233; importante comentar algumas limita&#231;&#245;es para orientar poss&#237;veis investiga&#231;&#245;es no futuro. Primeiro, esse desenho transversal torna imposs&#237;vel qualquer infer&#234;ncia sobre causalidade. Algumas associa&#231;&#245;es (por exemplo, inflama&#231;&#227;o e padr&#227;o press&#243;rico n&#227;o-dipper) podem ser bidirecionais. Em segundo lugar, cerca de 50% dos pacientes com DPOC apresentavam diagn&#243;stico formal de hipertens&#227;o. A inclus&#227;o detalhada dos efeitos do tratamento anti-hipertensivo seria necess&#225;ria para melhorar a qualidade da an&#225;lise multivariada. Terceiro, pacientes com o padr&#227;o press&#243;rico n&#227;o-dipper podem sofrer de dist&#250;rbios respirat&#243;rios do sono importantes e prevalentes, como apneia obstrutiva do sono (AOS).<sup><xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref></sup> A s&#237;ndrome de sobreposi&#231;&#227;o, ou seja, a coexist&#234;ncia de DPOC e AOS, &#233; relativamente comum e tem um impacto adicional no sistema cardiovascular, multiplicando o risco de morbimortalidade.<sup><xref rid="B11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref>,<xref rid="B12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref></sup> Portanto, &#233; conceb&#237;vel que a AOS seja um fator residual importante para explicar os principais resultados. Apesar da falta de dados detalhados sobre a MAPA na s&#237;ndrome de sobreposi&#231;&#227;o, evid&#234;ncias anteriores sobre a AOS mostraram que a PA diast&#243;lica atenuada e sist&#243;lica/diast&#243;lica com dipping inverso est&#227;o independentemente associadas com a AOS moderada a grave.</p>
    <p>Em conclus&#227;o, a DPOC &#233; potencialmente um &#8220;calouro&#8221; em termos de impacto no perfil de PA de 24 horas. Visto que a PA n&#227;o-dipper possui significado progn&#243;stico, s&#227;o necess&#225;rios estudos futuros com o objetivo de avaliar se o risco cardiovascular atribu&#237;do &#224; DPOC &#233; parcialmente mediado pelos par&#226;metros da MAPA.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <italic>Minieditorial referente o artigo: Avalia&#231;&#227;o de Padr&#245;es Press&#243;ricos Dipper e N&#227;o-Dipper e Qualidade de Vida entre Pacientes com Doen&#231;a Pulmonar Obstrutiva Cr&#244;nica</italic>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>To Dip or not to Dip Blood Pressure in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: That is the Question!</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8497-3528</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Furlan</surname>
            <given-names>Sofia F.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2081-6846</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Drager</surname>
            <given-names>Luciano F.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Unidade de Hipertens&#227;o do Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o (InCor) &#8211; HCFMUSP, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Dr. Luciano F. Drager &#8226;</bold> Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o &#8211; Av. Doutor Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44. Postal Code 05.403-900, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil E-mail: luciano.drager@incor.usp.br </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Pulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases</kwd>
        <kwd>Monitoring</kwd>
        <kwd>Dipper</kwd>
        <kwd>Non-Dipper</kwd>
        <kwd>Prognosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Quality of Life</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major health problem worldwide.<sup><xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref></sup> It is characterized as a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs. It is typically caused by long-term exposure to cigarette smoke, but household air pollution, ambient particulate matter, ozone, and occupational particulates, including coal dust, also contribute to COPD.<sup><xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref></sup> According to the Global Burden of Disease, 544.9 million people worldwide had a chronic respiratory disease in 2017, which represents an increase of 39.8% compared with 1990.<sup><xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref></sup> Among the respiratory diseases, COPD remained the most prevalent disease-specific condition in 2017, accounting for 55.1% of chronic respiratory disease prevalence among men and 54.8% among women globally.<sup><xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref></sup> More importantly, most chronic respiratory disease-attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life years were due to COPD.<sup><xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Consistent evidence has indicated that COPD is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, which is an important cause of death in COPD patients.<sup><xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>,<xref rid="B4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref></sup> Systemic inflammation, chronic hypoxia, sympathetic activation, lung hyperinflation, secondary erythrocytosis, and loss of pulmonary vascular surface are responsible for increasing the rate of conditions such as pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular dysfunction, arrhythmias, ischemic coronary disease, among others.<sup><xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref></sup> More recently, the association between COPD and hypertension has gained increasing attention. In a Danish cohort of more than 70,000 COPD patients, 47.6% of the patients had hypertension (the most common comorbidity in these patients).<sup><xref rid="B5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref></sup> Although it is not clear whether COPD increases the incidence of hypertension, uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) is associated with poor prognosis in patients with COPD.<sup><xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref></sup> These findings pave the way for additional characterization of the impact of COPD on BP variability.</p>
      <p>In this issue of the <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</italic>,<sup><xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref></sup>the authors conducted an interesting cross-sectional study to investigate the associations between non-dipper BP patterns, which are markers of subclinical inflammation, arterial stiffness, and quality of life, in 142 adult patients with COPD. COPD was defined using spirometry and suggestive clinical features. As expected, all patients were classified as dippers or non-dippers by 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM). In addition, the authors assessed arterial stiffness parameters using a validated device calculating the augmentation index and pulse wave velocity. The quality of life was evaluated by two scales, the Saint George&#8217; Respiratory Questionnaire and the Euro Quality of Life Scale (EQ-5D). The first one is a standardized self-administered airways disease-specific questionnaire divided into three subscales: symptoms (eight items), activity (16 items), and impacts (26 items). For each subscale and for the overall questionnaire, scores range from zero (no impairment) to 100 (maximum impairment). The EQ-5D is a non-disease specific instrument to describe and evaluate the health-related quality of life. It is noteworthy that the initial intention of the authors for using these two scales was not clear. The authors found a very high percentage of non-dipper BP patterns (&lt; 10% reduction in BP during sleep compared with the waking period) in patients with COPD, namely, 76.1% (n = 108). As previously described in other investigations, higher values of augmentation index were found in those with the non-dipper BP profile. Interestingly, the quality of life (measured by the EQ-5D) was lower in patients with COPD who presented a non-dipping BP pattern. Consistently, the Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire revealed higher values (less quality of life) when comparing non-dippers and dippers. In the multivariate logistic regression, participants with the non-dipper BP pattern presented higher values of C-reactive protein (12%), augmentation index (5.7%), and a higher total score of the Saint George Questionnaire (2.1%), compared to the reference group (dipper BP pattern). EQ-5D was not independently associated with non-dipping BP pattern. Moreover, the frequency of the non-dipper pressure BP pattern increased in parallel to the increased number of people living in the household (33%).</p>
      <p>The study conducted by Askin et al.<sup><xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref></sup> has merit for addressing not only ABPM in COPD but also potential interfaces in this association. Three quarters of COPD patients presented non-dipping BP pattern, a rate comparable to other chronic conditions, such as diabetes and chronic kidney disease.<sup><xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>,<xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref></sup> The independent association of non-dipping BP with subclinical inflammation may have the following two potential implications: 1) Inflammation may be one of the potential mechanisms of non-dipping BP pattern in patients with COPD, but the opposite may also be true; 2) This combination potentially denotes a sub-group of patients with COPD with higher cardiovascular risk. The independent association between the number of people living in the household and the non-dipper BP pattern is interesting, and it is potentially not specific to COPD. As speculated by the authors, the higher the number of people living in a place, the higher the levels of anxiety (and possibly insomnia) that in turn may influence the circadian BP pattern. Despite the strengths, it is important to comment on some limitations to guide potential investigations in the future. First, this cross-sectional design prevents any inference about causality. Some associations (for instance, inflammation and non-dipping BP pattern) may be bidirectional. Second, around 50% of patients with COPD had a formal diagnosis of hypertension. Detailed inclusion of the effects of anti-hypertensive treatment would be necessary to improve the quality of the multivariate analysis. Third, patients with non-dipping BP may suffer from important and prevalent sleep-disordered breathing, such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).<sup><xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref></sup> Overlap syndrome, i.e. the co-existence of both COPD and OSA, is relatively common, and it has an additional impact on cardiovascular system, multiplying the risk of morbidity and mortality.<sup><xref rid="B11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref>,<xref rid="B12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref></sup> Therefore, it is conceivable that OSA is a major residual factor for explaining the main results. Despite the lack of detailed data on ABPM in overlap syndrome, previous evidence on OSA showed that diastolic attenuated and systolic/diastolic reverse dipping BP are independently associated with moderate to severe OSA.</p>
      <p>In conclusion, COPD is potentially a &#8220;new kid in the block&#8221; in terms of impact on the 24-hour BP profile. Because non-dipping BP has prognostic significance, future studies aiming to evaluate whether the cardiovascular risk attributed to COPD is partially mediated by ABPM parameters are necessary.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <italic>Short Editorial related to the article: Evaluation of Dipper and Non-dipper Blood Pressure Patterns and Quality of Life Among Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease</italic>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
