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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">CMs9R3FP93smqfbS6qnZq7t</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00158</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2021000100158</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20200750</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20200750</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta ao Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Fatores de Confundimento na An&#225;lise da Rela&#231;&#227;o entre a Calcifica&#231;&#227;o do Arco A&#243;rtico com o Padr&#227;o de Press&#227;o Arterial n&#227;o Dipper</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1032-6015</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ten&#243;rio</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro Pereira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Botelho</surname>
            <given-names>Carlos Alberto de Lima</given-names>
            <suffix>Filho</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Barbosa</surname>
            <given-names>Romero Henrique de Almeida</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9679-5287</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Lopes</surname>
            <given-names>Johnnatas Mikael</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Vale do S&#227;o Francisco</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Paulo Afonso</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Vale do S&#227;o Francisco - Colegiado de Medicina, Paulo Afonso, BA - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Pedro Pereira Ten&#243;rio &#8226; Universidade Federal do Vale do S&#227;o Francisco - Colegiado de Medicina Rua da Aurora, S/N Quadra 27, lote 3. CEP 48607-190, Bairro General Dutra, Paulo Afonso, BA &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>pedrotenorio28@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>03</day>
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>116</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>158</fpage>
      <lpage>159</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>08</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>25</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>25</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Aorta Tor&#225;cica</kwd>
        <kwd>Calcifica&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Press&#227;o Arterial</kwd>
        <kwd>Raz&#227;o de Preval&#234;ncias</kwd>
        <kwd>T&#243;rax/radiografia</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="11"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>Caro Editor,</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Lemos com grande interesse o artigo &#8220;A Calcifica&#231;&#227;o no Arco A&#243;rtico na Radiografia de T&#243;rax de Rotina est&#225; Forte e Independentemente Associada ao Padr&#227;o N&#227;o-Dipper de Press&#227;o Arterial&#8221;. Nesse estudo, objetivou-se avaliar a poss&#237;vel rela&#231;&#227;o entre a calcifica&#231;&#227;o do arco a&#243;rtico, na radiografia de t&#243;rax, com o padr&#227;o de press&#227;o arterial n&#227;o dipper. Foram analisados 406 pacientes divididos em dois grupos: dipper e n&#227;o dipper. Cerca de 261 (64%) pacientes apresentavam o padr&#227;o de press&#227;o arterial n&#227;o dipper contra 145 (36%) dipper. Verificou-se que o grupo n&#227;o dipper apresentou maior preval&#234;ncia de calcifica&#231;&#227;o do arco a&#243;rtico (70% vs. 33%, p&lt;0.0001).</p>
    <p>Na an&#225;lise multivariada do estudo, o desfecho de interesse &#233; se o participante pertence ao grupo n&#227;o dipper a partir de uma vari&#225;vel dicot&#244;mica. Por se tratar de um desenho transversal e n&#227;o de caso-controle, pois as vari&#225;veis independentes n&#227;o s&#227;o retrospectivas e n&#227;o h&#225; pareamento dos grupos, a estrat&#233;gia mais indicada de an&#225;lise seria regress&#227;o de Poisson ou Cox. Diferentemente da regress&#227;o log&#237;stica que tem como medida de efeito o <italic>Odds Ratio</italic> (OR), a regress&#227;o de Poisson e Cox estimam a Raz&#227;o de Preval&#234;ncia (RP), cuja aplica&#231;&#227;o &#233; mais apropriada ao desenho. OR e RP ser&#227;o apenas semelhantes quando os desfechos s&#227;o pouco frequentes (&lt;10%).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O uso da OR nesse estudo traz poss&#237;veis vieses devido a alta preval&#234;ncia do desfecho (PADV), fazendo com que a estimativa pontual fique superdimensionada e o seu intervalo de confian&#231;a mais dilatado. Essa condi&#231;&#227;o de an&#225;lise traz d&#250;vidas para vari&#225;veis como a idade, &#237;ndice de massa corporal, &#237;ndice de massa ventricular esquerda, triglicer&#237;deos e a taxa de filtra&#231;&#227;o glomerular, que tem intervalos de confian&#231;a muito lim&#237;trofes (OR~1). &#201; muito prov&#225;vel que a calcifica&#231;&#227;o esteja associada &#224; PADV, mas n&#227;o sozinha e/ou em menor intensidade.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Cerca de 59 (22,6%) dos pacientes do grupo n&#227;o dipper e 25 (17,2%) do grupo dipper eram diab&#233;ticos. Os pesquisadores n&#227;o indicaram que tipo de diabetes os pacientes possu&#237;am no grupo n&#227;o dipper e se tais pacientes eram ou n&#227;o resistentes &#224; insulina (RI). Sabe-se que a (RI) conduz a n&#237;veis plasm&#225;ticos elevados de insulina e que esta atua a n&#237;vel dos receptores hipotal&#226;micos do sistema nervoso central (SNC), levando a um aumento do fluxo simpaticomim&#233;tico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Dessa forma, h&#225; predom&#237;nio da atividade simp&#225;tica. V&#225;rios estudos demonstraram que a ativa&#231;&#227;o simp&#225;tica &#233; diretamente proporcional &#224; gravidade da hipertens&#227;o arterial. Assim, nas formas mais graves de hipertens&#227;o arterial, o fluxo simpaticomim&#233;tico &#233; mais proeminente.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Os autores poderiam ter avaliado a real influ&#234;ncia da RI nos diab&#233;ticos do grupo n&#227;o dipper com o objetivo de identificar a real atua&#231;&#227;o da diabetes, evitando um fator de confundimento, pois n&#227;o &#233; poss&#237;vel afirmar se tais pacientes apresentaram o padr&#227;o de press&#227;o n&#227;o dipper devido a RI ou a outros fatores.</p>
    <p>Outra considera&#231;&#227;o importante &#233; que o estudo n&#227;o faz men&#231;&#227;o a algumas limita&#231;&#245;es da Monitoriza&#231;&#227;o Ambulatorial da Press&#227;o Arterial (MAPA), considerando-se que n&#227;o foi feita a avalia&#231;&#227;o da qualidade do sono dos pacientes. &#201; sabido que uma baixa qualidade do sono associado ao n&#237;vel de desconforto relacionado ao m&#233;todo pode interferir significativamente no descenso noturno da press&#227;o arterial. Al&#233;m disso, n&#227;o foram exclu&#237;dos da pesquisa pacientes portadores de arritmia como fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial, <italic>flutter</italic> atrial e extra-s&#237;stoles ventriculares frequentes,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> podendo, assim, tamb&#233;m serem importantes fatores de confus&#227;o na correla&#231;&#227;o entre a calcifica&#231;&#227;o no arco a&#243;rtico com o padr&#227;o n&#227;o dipper avaliado pela MAPA.</p>
  </body>
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  </back>
  <response id="R1" response-type="reply" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta ao Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Carta-resposta</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1032-6015</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ten&#243;rio</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro Pereira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff011">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Botelho</surname>
            <given-names>Carlos Alberto de Lima</given-names>
            <suffix>Filho</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff011">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Barbosa</surname>
            <given-names>Romero Henrique de Almeida</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff011">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9679-5287</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Lopes</surname>
            <given-names>Johnnatas Mikael</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff011">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff011">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Vale do S&#227;o Francisco</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Paulo Afonso</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Vale do S&#227;o Francisco - Colegiado de Medicina, Paulo Afonso, BA - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c0011"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Pedro Pereira Ten&#243;rio &#8226; Universidade Federal do Vale do S&#227;o Francisco - Colegiado de Medicina Rua da Aurora, S/N Quadra 27, lote 3. CEP 48607-190, Bairro General Dutra, Paulo Afonso, BA &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>pedrotenorio28@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec>
        <title>Prezado Editor,</title>
        <p>Agradecemos pela oportunidade de responder aos coment&#225;rios e pontos v&#225;lidos levantados pelos autores. Gostar&#237;amos de agradecer aos autores pelo interesse em nosso estudo e pelos seus coment&#225;rios construtivos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">1</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Nesse estudo transversal, investigamos a poss&#237;vel rela&#231;&#227;o entre a calcifica&#231;&#227;o do arco a&#243;rtico (CAA) e o padr&#227;o de press&#227;o arterial n&#227;o dipper (PAND). Concordamos que essa rela&#231;&#227;o pode ser avaliada com a an&#225;lise de regress&#227;o de Cox. No entanto, pensamos que a an&#225;lise de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica tamb&#233;m &#233; um m&#233;todo de an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica adequado para o estudo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">2</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">3</xref></sup> Quando a an&#225;lise de regress&#227;o de Cox foi usada em vez da an&#225;lise de regress&#227;o m&#250;ltipla, e a idade, sexo, hipertens&#227;o, taxa de filtra&#231;&#227;o glomerular, n&#237;vel de triglicer&#237;deos s&#233;ricos, &#237;ndice de massa ventricular esquerda, &#237;ndice de massa corporal e CAA foram tomados como fatores de confus&#227;o, a presen&#231;a de CAA na radiografia de t&#243;rax foi novamente o &#250;nico preditor independente do padr&#227;o de PAND (p&#8804;0,001, HR=1,633 CI=1,215&#8211;2,194). Esses resultados tamb&#233;m foram confirmados com a an&#225;lise de regress&#227;o linear. Na an&#225;lise de regress&#227;o linear, a presen&#231;a de CAA na radiografia de t&#243;rax esteve associada a menor queda da press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica &#224; noite.</p>
        <p>Sabe-se que a diabetes mellitus (DM) est&#225; associada ao padr&#227;o PAND e a resist&#234;ncia &#224; insulina &#233; provavelmente uma das vias etiopatogen&#233;ticas mais importantes subjacentes a essa associa&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">4</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">5</xref></sup> Em nosso estudo, a DM foi definida como sendo tratada com insulina ou hipoglicemiantes orais. Embora n&#227;o tenha havido rela&#231;&#227;o entre DM e o padr&#227;o PAND (p=0,201), encontramos uma rela&#231;&#227;o significativa entre DM e CAA nesse estudo (p=0,006). Visto que nosso foco principal nesse estudo foi investigar a poss&#237;vel rela&#231;&#227;o entre CAA e o padr&#227;o PAND, n&#227;o priorizamos estudar a resist&#234;ncia &#224; insulina.</p>
        <p>Concordamos que a qualidade do sono pode afetar significativamente a press&#227;o arterial noturna.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">6</xref></sup> Trabalhadores noturnos foram exclu&#237;dos do estudo; entretanto, n&#227;o usamos nenhuma escala para quantificar a qualidade do sono nos participantes do estudo. Embora n&#227;o tenhamos recebido nenhum feedback negativo sobre a qualidade do sono de nenhum dos participantes, concordamos que a falta de avalia&#231;&#227;o da qualidade do sono &#233; uma limita&#231;&#227;o do estudo.</p>
        <p>Embora todos os pacientes estivessem em ritmo sinusal no momento da inscri&#231;&#227;o, n&#227;o podemos excluir a possibilidade de epis&#243;dios curtos de fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial/ <italic>flutter</italic> . &#201; necess&#225;ria a monitoriza&#231;&#227;o do ritmo a longo prazo para detectar epis&#243;dios arr&#237;tmicos parox&#237;sticos e quantificar a frequ&#234;ncia de extrass&#237;stoles ventriculares, que estavam al&#233;m do escopo desse estudo.</p>
        <p>Mais uma vez, gostar&#237;amos de agradecer aos autores pelo interesse em nosso estudo.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <ref-list>
        <title>Refer&#234;ncias</title>
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  </response>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Letter to the Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Confounding Factors in the Analysis of the Relationship between Aortic Arch Calcification with a Non-Dipper Blood Pressure Pattern</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1032-6015</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ten&#243;rio</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro Pereira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Botelho</surname>
            <given-names>Carlos Alberto de Lima</given-names>
            <suffix>Filho</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Barbosa</surname>
            <given-names>Romero Henrique de Almeida</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9679-5287</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Lopes</surname>
            <given-names>Johnnatas Mikael</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Vale do S&#227;o Francisco - Colegiado de Medicina, Paulo Afonso, BA - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001"><bold>Mailing Address: Pedro Pereira Ten&#243;rio</bold> &#8226; Universidade Federal do Vale do S&#227;o Francisco Colegiado de Medicina - Rua da Aurora, S/N Quadra 27, lote 3. Postal Code 48607-190, Bairro General Dutra, Paulo Afonso, BA &#8211; Brazil E-mail: pedrotenorio28@gmail.com</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Aorta, Thoracic</kwd>
        <kwd>Calcification</kwd>
        <kwd>Blood Pressure</kwd>
        <kwd>Prevalence Ratio</kwd>
        <kwd>Thorax/radiography</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>Dear Editor,</bold>
      </p>
      <p>We read the following article with great interest: &#8220;Aortic Arch Calcification on Routine Chest Radiography is Strongly and Independently Associated with Non-Dipper Blood Pressure Pattern&#8221;. In this study, the aim was to evaluate a possible relationship between aortic arch calcification on chest radiographs and the non-dipper blood pressure pattern. Altogether, 406 patients were analyzed and divided into two groups: dipper and non-dipper. Approximately 261 (64%) patients presented the pattern of non-dipper blood pressure, against 145 (36%) with dipper blood pressure. It was found that the non-dipper group presented a higher prevalence of aortic arch calcification (70% vs. 33%, p&lt;0.0001).</p>
      <p>In the multivariate analysis of the study, the outcome of interest is whether the participant belongs to the non-dipper group from a dichotomous variable. As this is a cross-sectional design and not a case-control design, since the independent variables are not retrospective and there is no pairing of the groups, the most indicated analysis strategy would be Poisson or Cox regression. Unlike logistic regression that has Odds Ratio (OR) as a measure of effect, Poisson and Cox regression estimate the Prevalence Ratio (PR), whose application is more appropriate to the design. OR and PR will only be similar when the outcomes are infrequent (&lt;10%).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The use of OR in this study brings potential bias due to the high prevalence of the outcome (PADV), making the point estimate over dimensional and its confidence interval more dilated. This condition of analysis brings doubts for variables such as age, body mass index, left ventricular mass index, triglycerides and the glomerular filtration rate which has very borderline confidence intervals (OR~1). It is very likely that calcification is associated with PADV, but not alone and/or to a lesser extent.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Nearly 59 (22.6%) of the patients in the non-dipper group and 25 (17.2%) in the dipper group were diabetics. The researchers did not indicate what kind of diabetes the patients had in the non-dipper group and whether or not these patients were insulin resistant (IR). It is known that IR leads to high plasma levels of insulin and that it acts at the level of hypothalamic receptors of the central nervous system (CNS), leading to an increase in sympathomimetic flow.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> This way, there is a predominance of sympathetic activity. Several studies have shown that sympathetic activation is directly proportional to the severity of hypertension. Thus, in the most severe forms of hypertension, the sympathomimetic flow is more prominent.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> The authors could have evaluated the real influence of IR on diabetics of the non-dipper group in order to identify the real action of diabetes, avoiding a confounding factor, because it is not possible to state whether such patients had the pattern of non-dipper pressure due to IR or other factors.</p>
      <p>Another important consideration is that the study does not mention some limitations of Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM), considering that the patients&#8217; sleep quality was not evaluated. It is known that low quality of sleep associated with the level of discomfort related to the method can significantly interfere with nightly blood pressure drop. Besides, patients with arrhythmia were not excluded from the study, such as atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter and frequent ventricular extrasystoles.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Thus, the correlation between calcification in the aortic arch and the non-dipper pattern assessed by ABPM could also be important confounding factors.</p>
    </body>
    <response id="R2" response-type="reply" xml:lang="en">
      <front-stub>
        <article-categories>
          <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
            <subject>Letter to editor</subject>
          </subj-group>
        </article-categories>
        <title-group>
          <article-title>Reply</article-title>
        </title-group>
        <contrib-group>
          <contrib contrib-type="author">
            <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1032-6015</contrib-id>
            <name>
              <surname>Ten&#243;rio</surname>
              <given-names>Pedro Pereira</given-names>
            </name>
            <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
              <sup>1</sup>
            </xref>
          </contrib>
          <contrib contrib-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Botelho</surname>
              <given-names>Carlos Alberto de Lima</given-names>
              <suffix>Filho</suffix>
            </name>
            <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
              <sup>1</sup>
            </xref>
          </contrib>
          <contrib contrib-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Barbosa</surname>
              <given-names>Romero Henrique de Almeida</given-names>
            </name>
            <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
              <sup>1</sup>
            </xref>
          </contrib>
          <contrib contrib-type="author">
            <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9679-5287</contrib-id>
            <name>
              <surname>Lopes</surname>
              <given-names>Johnnatas Mikael</given-names>
            </name>
            <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
              <sup>1</sup>
            </xref>
          </contrib>
        </contrib-group>
        <aff id="aff2001">
          <label>1</label>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Vale do S&#227;o Francisco - Colegiado de Medicina, Paulo Afonso, BA - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <author-notes>
          <corresp id="c02001"><bold>Mailing Address: Pedro Pereira Ten&#243;rio</bold> &#8226; Universidade Federal do Vale do S&#227;o Francisco Colegiado de Medicina - Rua da Aurora, S/N Quadra 27, lote 3. Postal Code 48607-190, Bairro General Dutra, Paulo Afonso, BA &#8211; Brazil E-mail: pedrotenorio28@gmail.com</corresp>
        </author-notes>
      </front-stub>
      <body>
        <sec>
          <title>Dear Editor,</title>
          <p>Thank you for giving us the opportunity to respond to the comments and valid points raised by the authors. We would also like to thank the authors for their interest in and constructive comments on our paper.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">1</xref></sup></p>
          <p>In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the potential relationship between aortic arch calcification (AAC) and non-dipper blood pressure (NDBP) pattern. We agree that this relationship could be evaluated with Cox regression analysis. However, we think that logistic regression analysis is also a suitable statistical analysis method for the study.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">2</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">3</xref></sup> When Cox regression analysis was used instead of multiple regression analysis, and age, gender, hypertension, glomerular filtration rate, serum triglyceride level, left ventricular mass index, body mass index and AAC were taken as confounders, presence of AAC on chest radiography was again the only independent predictor of NDBP pattern (p&#8804;0.001, HR=1.633 CI=1.215&#8211;2.194). These results were also confirmed with linear regression analysis. In linear regression analysis, the presence of AAC on chest radiography was associated with a lower systolic blood pressure drop at night.</p>
          <p>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is known to be associated with NDBP pattern and insulin resistance is likely one of the most important etiopathogenetic pathways underlying this association.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">4</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">5</xref></sup> In our study, DM was defined as being treated with insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents. Although there was no relationship between DM and NDBP pattern (p=0.201), we found a significant relationship between DM and AAC in this study (p=0.006). Since our main focus in this study was to investigate the potential relationship between AAC and NDBP pattern, we did not prioritize studying insulin resistance.</p>
          <p>We agree that sleep quality may significantly affect nighttime blood pressure.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">6</xref></sup> Night-shift workers were excluded from the study; however, we did not use any scale to quantify sleep quality in the study participants. Although we did not receive any negative feedback about sleep quality from any of the participants, we agree that the lack of evaluation of sleep quality is a limitation of the study.</p>
          <p>Although all patients were in sinus rhythm at the time of enrollment, we cannot exclude the possibility of short atrial fibrillation/flutter episodes. Long-term rhythm monitorization is needed to detect paroxysmal arrhythmic episodes and to quantify the frequency of ventricular extrasystoles, which were beyond the scope of this study.</p>
          <p>Once again, we would like to thank the authors for their thoughtful comments.</p>
        </sec>
      </body>
    </response>
  </sub-article>
</article>
