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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">zDBrmtr5xnw7X9HkKrg7DCJ</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00153</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2021000100153</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20200715</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20200715</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta Cient&#237;fica</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Telemedicina em Cardiologia para Seguimento Ambulatorial de Pacientes com Alto Risco Cardiovascular em Reposta &#224; Pandemia de COVID-19</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4543-4684</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Moreira</surname>
            <given-names>Henrique Turin</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Volpe</surname>
            <given-names>Gustavo Jardim</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rezek</surname>
            <given-names>Uebe Chade</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mendon&#231;a</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro Cunha de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6010-5803</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Teixeira</surname>
            <given-names>Gustavo Corr&#234;a de Almeida</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Santos</surname>
            <given-names>Bruno Moreira dos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Olivieri</surname>
            <given-names>Anna Paula Gon&#231;alves</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Chierice</surname>
            <given-names>Ana Julia Abbud</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7967-3253</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Monteiro</surname>
            <given-names>Henrique Zanqueta</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ara&#250;jo</surname>
            <given-names>Natanael Mendes de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Maciel</surname>
            <given-names>Benedito Carlos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pazin</surname>
            <given-names>Antonio</given-names>
            <suffix>Filho</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1090-8165</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Schmidt</surname>
            <given-names>Andr&#233;</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label> 1 </label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir&#227;o Preto</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Ribeir&#227;o Preto</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original"> Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir&#227;o Preto , Ribeir&#227;o Preto , SP &#8211; Brasil </institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01">Correspond&#234;ncia: Andr&#233; Schmidt &#8226; Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir&#227;o Preto &#8211; Cardiologia - Hospital das Clinicas de Ribeirao Preto - Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900. CEP 14040-900, Ribeir&#227;o Preto, SP &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>aschmidt@fmrp.usp.br</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos Autores</p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Moreira HT, Volpe GJ, Pazin Filho A, Schmidt A; Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Moreira HT, Volpe GJ, Rezek UC, Mendon&#231;a PC, Teixeira GCA, Santos BM, Olivieri APG, Chierice AJA, Monteiro HZ, Ara&#250;jo NM; An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Moreira HT, Volpe GJ, Schmidt A; An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica e Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Moreira HT; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Volpe GJ, Rezek UC, Mendon&#231;a PC, Teixeira GCA, Santos BM, Olivieri APG, Chierice AJA, Monteiro HZ, Ara&#250;jo NM, Maciel BC, Pazin Filho A, Schmidt A.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potencial Conflito de Interesses</p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>03</day>
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>116</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>153</fpage>
      <lpage>157</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>01</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>19</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>05</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Betacoronavirus/infec&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>COVID-19</kwd>
        <kwd>Pandemia</kwd>
        <kwd>Telemedicina</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a da Art&#233;ria Coronariana/complica&#231;&#245;es</kwd>
        <kwd>Assist&#234;ncia Ambulatorial</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="6"/>
        <table-count count="2"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="7"/>
        <page-count count="5"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>A COVID-19, doen&#231;a infeciosa causada pelo novo tipo de coronav&#237;rus (SARS-Cov-2), apresenta evolu&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica geralmente benigna, embora possa levar &#224; s&#237;ndrome respirat&#243;ria aguda grave. Dentre fatores de risco para quadros graves desta doen&#231;a destacam-se idade avan&#231;ada e comorbidades como hipertens&#227;o, diabetes e outras doen&#231;as cardiovasculares. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Em resposta &#224; epidemia de COVID-19, o volume de atendimentos cl&#237;nicos eletivos tem sido reduzido. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Embora pudesse haver expectativa de aumento de eventos cardiovasculares como efeito indesejado dessa reorganiza&#231;&#227;o do sistema de sa&#250;de, alguns relatos sugerem uma poss&#237;vel redu&#231;&#227;o desses desfechos em pa&#237;ses com alta incid&#234;ncia de COVID-19. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Contudo, fatores associados a essa diminui&#231;&#227;o ainda n&#227;o est&#227;o bem estabelecidos.</p>
      <p>Nesse contexto, a telemedicina tem sido utilizada como m&#233;todo para assist&#234;ncia remota e gerenciamento de consultas m&#233;dicas, permitindo identifica&#231;&#227;o de pacientes com necessidade de retornos cl&#237;nicos priorit&#225;rios, bem como orienta&#231;&#245;es e esclarecimentos &#224; dist&#226;ncia aos pacientes. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>O presente estudo avaliou o impacto em curto prazo das medidas de conting&#234;ncia para enfrentamento da pandemia de COVID-19 utilizando-se a telemedicina para seguimento cl&#237;nico de pacientes de alto risco cardiovascular.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>M&#233;todos</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Popula&#231;&#227;o do Estudo</title>
        <p>Este estudo tranversal avaliou retrospectivamente registros em prontu&#225;rio m&#233;dico de teleorienta&#231;&#245;es do servi&#231;o de cardiologia do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir&#227;o Preto da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo (HC-FMRP-USP), realizadas de 4 a 8 de maio de 2020, dos pacientes que n&#227;o haviam comparecido em consulta agendada no ambulat&#243;rio de isquemia mioc&#225;rdica desde o in&#237;cio da pandemia (reconhecida pela Organiza&#231;&#227;o Mundial da Sa&#250;de em 11 de mar&#231;o de 2020).</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Teleorienta&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>A teleorienta&#231;&#227;o &#233; uma das modalidades de telemedicina utilizadas no HC-FMRP-USP para enfrentamento da pandemia de COVID-19, em conformidade com o of&#237;cio n&#186; 1756/2020 do Conselho Federal de Medicina e com a portaria do Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de n&#186; 467 de 2020.</p>
        <p>No HC-FMRP-USP, a teleorienta&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dica segue normas institucionais (portaria HCRP 96/2020), podendo ser realizada via contato telef&#244;nico, utilizando-se formul&#225;rio padronizado, com documenta&#231;&#227;o autom&#225;tica no sistema de prontu&#225;rio eletr&#244;nico. O paciente ou seu respons&#225;vel &#233; sempre informado sobre os motivos do contato telef&#244;nico, e questionado sobre a permiss&#227;o para o registro de dados. Como rotina, houve pelo menos 2 tentativas de contato para cada paciente, realizadas em dias diferentes da semana.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Dados Cl&#237;nicos e de Gerenciamento Ambulatorial</title>
        <p>Durante a teleorienta&#231;&#227;o, os m&#233;dicos questionaram ativamente se nos dois meses anteriores ao contato telef&#244;nico houve sintomas sugestivos de COVID-19 e realiza&#231;&#227;o de teste diagn&#243;stico, al&#233;m de aparecimento ou piora de dor ou desconforto tor&#225;cicos, procura por atendimento m&#233;dico, hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o, tratamento recebido, principal motivo pelo n&#227;o comparecimento ao retorno e necessidade de receitas m&#233;dicas. Finalmente, o paciente ou seu respons&#225;vel foi questionado se considerava o reagendamento da consulta melhor ou pior para a sa&#250;de do paciente.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>An&#225;lise Estat&#237;stica</title>
        <p>Vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas s&#227;o reportadas como m&#233;dia e desvio padr&#227;o se distribu&#237;das como uma normal. A normalidade dos dados foi avaliada pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk. Vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas s&#227;o apresentadas como n&#250;meros absolutos e porcentagens. O n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia adotado foi menor que 0,05. O <italic>software</italic> Stata foi utilizado para as an&#225;lises estat&#237;sticas.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>&#201;tica</title>
        <p>O presente estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica em Pesquisa do HC-FMRP-USP (n&#250;mero do parecer: 4.078.545) e conduzido sob os princ&#237;pios &#233;ticos da declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinque e em conformidade com a resolu&#231;&#227;o do Conselho Nacional de Sa&#250;de n&#186; 466/2012.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Resultados</title>
      <p>O presente estudo incluiu 240 pacientes selecionados conforme o processo apresentado na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura 1</xref> . As informa&#231;&#245;es foram fornecidas pelo pr&#243;prio paciente em 70% dos casos (n=169), enquanto que em 30% dos casos (n=71) foram fornecidas por seu respons&#225;vel.</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f01">
          <label>Figura 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Sele&#231;&#227;o dos pacientes inclu&#237;dos no estudo.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-01-0153-00715-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>A idade m&#233;dia dos pacientes foi de 65&#177;10 anos, 62% homens (n=148) ( <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref> ). Todos os pacientes apresentavam doen&#231;a arterial coronariana ou isquemia mioc&#225;rdica, 60% deles com infarto do mioc&#225;rdio pr&#233;vio.</p>
      <p>
        <table-wrap id="t1">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas dos 240 pacientes avaliados no estudo</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">Demogr&#225;ficos</th>
                <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal">
								</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>Idade (anos)</td>
                <td align="center">65 &#177; 10</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sexo masculino</td>
                <td align="center">148 (62%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Domic&#237;lio</bold>
                </td>
                <td>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Estado de S&#227;o Paulo</td>
                <td align="center">235 (98%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Outros</td>
                <td align="center">5 (2%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Cidade</bold>
                </td>
                <td>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Ribeir&#227;o Preto</td>
                <td align="center">68 (28%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Outras</td>
                <td align="center">172 (72%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Dados cl&#237;nicos</bold>
                </td>
                <td>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica</td>
                <td align="center">197 (82%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Diabetes mellitus</td>
                <td align="center">136 (57%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Tabagismo</td>
                <td>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Atual</td>
                <td align="center">49 (20%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Pr&#233;vio</td>
                <td align="center">79 (33%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Medicamentos</bold>
                </td>
                <td>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>IECA ou BRA</td>
                <td align="center">194 (81%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Estatinas</td>
                <td align="center">230 (96%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Doen&#231;a arterial coronariana</bold>
                </td>
                <td>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Com IAM pr&#233;vio</td>
                <td align="center">143 (60%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sem IAM pr&#233;vio</td>
                <td align="center">97 (40%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Interven&#231;&#227;o coronariana percut&#226;nea</td>
                <td align="center">141 (59%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica</td>
                <td align="center">61 (25%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo*</bold>
                </td>
                <td>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Normal</td>
                <td align="center">129 (54%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Intermedi&#225;ria</td>
                <td align="center">56 (24%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Reduzida</td>
                <td align="center">54 (23%)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN1">
              <p>
                <italic>BRA: bloqueador de receptor de angiotensina; IAM = infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio; IECA: inibidor da enzima conversora de angiotensina. *Fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo n&#227;o foi aferida em 1 participante.</italic>
              </p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </p>
      <sec>
        <title>Evolu&#231;&#227;o Cl&#237;nica</title>
        <p>Sintomas sugestivos de COVID-19 foram reportados por 32 (13%) indiv&#237;duos. Coriza e congest&#227;o nasal foram os mais frequentes, descritos por 13 pacientes, seguidos por febre (n=10), odinofagia (n=9), piora ou aparecimento de dispneia (n=5) e anosmia (n=2). N&#227;o houve hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por COVID-19 ou realiza&#231;&#227;o de teste para SARS-CoV-2.</p>
        <p>Aparecimento ou piora de dor ou desconforto tor&#225;cico foram relatados por 12 (5%) e 14 (6%) pacientes, respectivamente. Desses 26 pacientes, 13 procuraram atendimento de urg&#234;ncia, sendo que 3 deles foram internados, 1 destes em unidade de terapia intensiva com diagn&#243;stico de infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio (IAM) tratado com interven&#231;&#227;o coronariana percut&#226;nea (ICP) em outro servi&#231;o ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figura 2</xref> ). Os outros dois pacientes hospitalizados n&#227;o foram admitidos em unidade de terapia intensiva; um deles relatou s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda e ICP em outro servi&#231;o, enquanto o outro referiu n&#227;o saber o diagn&#243;stico da interna&#231;&#227;o. Houve relato de &#243;bito de uma paciente do sexo feminino, de 80 anos, com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo reduzida, por&#233;m n&#227;o tivemos acesso ao atestado de &#243;bito.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f02">
            <label>Figura 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Presen&#231;a de sinais de alarme durante seguimento ambulatorial de pacientes com doen&#231;a arterial coronariana cr&#244;nica.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-01-0153-00715-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Seguimento Ambulatorial</title>
        <p>A maioria dos pacientes (80%) n&#227;o compareceu &#224; consulta, referindo ter seguido recomenda&#231;&#245;es do HC-FMRP-USP, enquanto 13% dos pacientes relatou n&#227;o comparecimento devido ao medo de contamina&#231;&#227;o pelo SARS-CoV-2 nas depend&#234;ncias do hospital e 3% dos pacientes n&#227;o obteve meio de transporte para a consulta, sendo que 4% dos pacientes relatou outros motivos (tabela suplementar). Retornos &#8220;prioridade alta&#8221;, &#8220;intermedi&#225;ria&#8221; e &#8220;baixa&#8221; foram agendados para 15%, 22% e 63% dos pacientes, respectivamente ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03">Figura 3</xref> ).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f03">
            <label>Figura 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Tipos de retornos triados atrav&#233;s de teleorienta&#231;&#245;es.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-01-0153-00715-gf03.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>Necessidade de receita m&#233;dica foi apontada por 8% dos pacientes. Metade dos pacientes considerou que o reagendamento da consulta foi melhor para a sua sa&#250;de, enquanto que essa medida foi considerada indiferente ou pior para a pr&#243;pria sa&#250;de por 30% e 20% dos pacientes, respectivamente.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <p>O presente estudo avaliou o impacto em curto prazo de estrat&#233;gia para seguimento cl&#237;nico de pacientes de alto risco cardiovascular com o uso de telemedicina em resposta &#224; pandemia de COVID-19. Dentre os principais achados, destaca-se que 11% dos pacientes avaliados apresentou agravamento do quadro cardiovascular nos primeiros meses da pandemia e apenas metade desses procurou atendimento m&#233;dico por esse motivo. Al&#233;m disso, uma importante parcela dos pacientes relatou receio em comparecer ao servi&#231;o de sa&#250;de devido ao potencial risco de contamina&#231;&#227;o intra-hospitalar pelo SARS-Cov-2. Nesse cen&#225;rio, a aplica&#231;&#227;o de teleorienta&#231;&#227;o mostrou-se bastante exequ&#237;vel, de boa aceita&#231;&#227;o pelos pacientes e bastante &#250;til no planejamento dos retornos cl&#237;nicos baseados em categorias de prioridade.</p>
      <p>Desde os primeiros relatos de casos de COVID-19, h&#225; relatos de redu&#231;&#227;o do n&#250;mero de atendimentos por condi&#231;&#245;es cardiovasculares agudas graves. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Dados de laborat&#243;rios de cateterismo dos EUA mostraram redu&#231;&#227;o de 38% no n&#250;mero de ICP para IAM durante a fase inicial da epidemia de COVID-19 no pa&#237;s. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Inqu&#233;rito mais recente envolvendo 141 pa&#237;ses indica que em cerca de dois ter&#231;os deles houve redu&#231;&#227;o maior que 40% do n&#250;mero de admiss&#245;es hospitalares por IAM nos primeiros meses da pandemia. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Dentre as hip&#243;teses levantadas para esses achados, a mais frequentemente apresentada tem sido o medo dos pacientes de se contaminar pelo SARS-Cov-2 nos ambientes hospitalares, como apontado em recente relato de caso no Brasil. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> No presente estudo, 13% referiram que o principal motivo para o n&#227;o comparecimento foi o medo de contamina&#231;&#227;o intra-hospitalar.</p>
      <p>Este estudo contribui para o avan&#231;o do conhecimento no campo da telecardiologia, mostrando elevada exequibilidade do processo, com grande aceita&#231;&#227;o dos pacientes seguidos na institui&#231;&#227;o. A a&#231;&#227;o implementada proporcionou ferramenta eficaz de gerenciamento dos retornos cl&#237;nicos, marcados como priorit&#225;rios para 15% dos pacientes contactados, enquanto os outros 85% puderem manter o distanciamento social preconizado durante essa pandemia. Al&#233;m disso, outras necessidades puderam ser contempladas, como a identifica&#231;&#227;o da necessidade de receitas m&#233;dicas, levantadas em 8% dos casos.</p>
      <p>A teleorienta&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o foi conclu&#237;da com &#234;xito em 18% dos casos, n&#227;o sendo poss&#237;vel descartar que a propor&#231;&#227;o de pacientes que tenha apresentado piora cl&#237;nica, e at&#233; mesmo &#243;bito, seja ainda maior do que a observada.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclus&#245;es</title>
      <p>A telemedicina em cardiologia para o enfrentamento da COVID-19 &#233; altamente exequ&#237;vel, bastante eficaz e de grande aceita&#231;&#227;o pelos pacientes, permitindo triagem de casos priorit&#225;rios e gerenciamento dos retornos ambulatoriais.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Vincula&#231;&#227;o Acad&#234;mica</p>
        <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#201;tica e Consentimento Informado</p>
        <p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da FMRP-USP sob o n&#250;mero de protocolo 4.078.545. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo est&#227;o de acordo com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <p><bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold> .O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Letter</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Telemedicine in Cardiology for Outpatient Follow-Up of Patients at High Cardiovascular Risk in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4543-4684</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Moreira</surname>
            <given-names>Henrique Turin</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Volpe</surname>
            <given-names>Gustavo Jardim</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rezek</surname>
            <given-names>Uebe Chade</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mendon&#231;a</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro Cunha de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6010-5803</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Teixeira</surname>
            <given-names>Gustavo Corr&#234;a de Almeida</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Santos</surname>
            <given-names>Bruno Moreira dos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Olivieri</surname>
            <given-names>Anna Paula Gon&#231;alves</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Chierice</surname>
            <given-names>Ana Julia Abbud</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7967-3253</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Monteiro</surname>
            <given-names>Henrique Zanqueta</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ara&#250;jo</surname>
            <given-names>Natanael Mendes de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Maciel</surname>
            <given-names>Benedito Carlos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pazin</surname>
            <given-names>Antonio</given-names>
            <suffix>Filho</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1090-8165</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Schmidt</surname>
            <given-names>Andr&#233;</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label> 1 </label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original"> Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir&#227;o Preto, Ribeir&#227;o Preto, SP &#8211; Brazil </institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001"><bold>Mailing Address: Andr&#233; Schmidt</bold> &#8226; Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir&#227;o Preto &#8211; Cardiologia - Hospital das Clinicas de Ribeirao Preto - Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900. Postal Code 14040-900, Ribeir&#227;o Preto, SP &#8211; Brazil E-mail: aschmidt@fmrp.usp.br</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>Author Contributions</p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Moreira HT, Volpe GJ, Pazin Filho A, Schmidt A; Acquisition of data: Moreira HT, Volpe GJ, Rezek UC, Mendon&#231;a PC, Teixeira GCA, Santos BM, Olivieri APG, Chierice AJA, Monteiro HZ, Ara&#250;jo NM; Analysis and interpretation of the data: Moreira HT, Volpe GJ, Schmidt A; Statistical analysis: Moreira HT; Writing of the manuscript: Moreira HT; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Volpe GJ, Rezek UC, Mendon&#231;a PC, Teixeira GCA, Santos BM, Olivieri APG, Chierice AJA, Monteiro HZ, Ara&#250;jo NM, Maciel BC, Pazin Filho A, Schmidt A.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potential Conflict of Interest</p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Betacoronavirus/infection</kwd>
        <kwd>COVID-19</kwd>
        <kwd>Pandemics</kwd>
        <kwd>Telemedicine</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronary Artery Disease/complications</kwd>
        <kwd>Ambulatory Care</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>COVID-19, an infectious disease caused by the new type of coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2), usually shows a benign clinical course, although it can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome. The main risk factors for the severe form of COVID-19 include older age and presence of comorbidities, such as diabetes, hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
        <p>In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, elective medical appointments have been reduced. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Even though an increase in cardiovascular events as an adverse effect of this healthcare system reorganization would be expected, some reports have suggested a possible reduction of such outcomes in countries with high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> However, the mechanisms related to this decline are not well understood.</p>
        <p>In this context, telemedicine has been used as a strategy for remote assistance and management of patient care, hence allowing for the identification of those in need of a priority medical appointment, as well as remote guidance. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the short-term results of measures adopted in response to COVID-19 pandemic by using telemedicine in the following-up of patients at high cardiovascular risk.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>Methods</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Study Population</title>
          <p>This cross-sectional study retrospectively assessed data from patient medical records of teleorientation services performed by cardiologists in the Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas of the Medical School of Ribeir&#227;o Preto, University of S&#227;o Paulo (HCFMRP-USP), between May 4 and 8, 2020, of patients treated in the ischemic heart disease outpatient clinic who had not attended a scheduled medical appointment since the COVID-19 outbreak, which was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Teleorientation</title>
          <p>Teleorientation is a modality of telemedicine adopted by the HCFMRP-USP as a strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic, in accordance with the Brazilian Federal Council of Medicine (CFM) Official Letter No. 1,756/2020 and the Ordinance No. 467 of the Ministry of Health (MoH), issued on March 20, 2020.</p>
          <p>At the HCFMRP-USP, the use of teleorientation follows institutional rules (HCFMRP-USP Ordinance 96/2020), and can be performed by telephone call, using a standardized questionnaire from the institutional electronic medical record system. The patient (or a representative person) is always informed about the reasons for the contact and asked about consent to be recorded. As a routine if necessary, at least two telephone call attempts were made in different days.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Clinical Data and Management of Outpatient Care</title>
          <p>During teleorientation, physicians actively asked whether in the last two weeks from the phone call the patient had any symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 and whether the patient was subjected to laboratory test for SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, the patient was asked about emergence or worsening of chest pain or discomfort, seeking for emergency room, need of hospitalization, treatments received, main reason for not showing up in the outpatient clinic return appointment, and need for renewing medical prescriptions. Finally, the patient or a representative was asked whether the consultation rescheduling had been better or worse for the patient&#8217;s health.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Statistical analysis</title>
          <p>Continuous variables are reported as mean and standard deviation, if normally distributed. Data normality was assessed by the Shapiro-Wilk test. Categorical variables are presented as absolute numbers and percentages. The significance level adopted was lower than 0.05. STATA software was used to perform statistical analysis.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Ethics</title>
          <p>This study was approved by the local HCFMRP-USP Research Ethics Committee (protocol n <sup>o</sup> 4.078.545), conducted under the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, and developed in accordance with the Resolution no. 466/2012 of the National Health Council.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Results</title>
        <p>The study included 240 patients, as shown in the flowchart of patient enrollment process ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01001">Figure 1</xref> ). Data were provided by the patient in 70% of the cases (n = 169), whereas in 30% of the cases (n = 71) data were provided by a patient representative.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f01001">
            <label>Figure 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Patient enrollment.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-01-0153-00715-gf01-en.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>Patients mean age was 65 &#177; 10 years, 62% men (n = 148) ( <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1001">Table 1</xref> ). All patients had coronary artery disease or myocardial ischemia, 60% of them had prior myocardial infarction.</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t1001">
            <label>Table 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Clinical characteristics of the 240 patients assessed in the study</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Demographic</th>
                  <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal">
									</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>Age (years)</td>
                  <td align="center">65 &#177; 10</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Men</td>
                  <td align="center">148 (62%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>State of residence</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>State of Sao Paulo</td>
                  <td align="center">235 (98%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Others</td>
                  <td align="center">5 (2%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>City</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Ribeirao Preto</td>
                  <td align="center">68 (28%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Other</td>
                  <td align="center">172 (72%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Clinical data</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Hypertension</td>
                  <td align="center">197 (82%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Diabetes</td>
                  <td align="center">136 (57%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Smoking</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Current</td>
                  <td align="center">49 (20%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Former</td>
                  <td align="center">79 (33%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Medication in use</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>ACE or ARB</td>
                  <td align="center">194 (81%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Statins</td>
                  <td align="center">230 (96%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Coronary artery disease</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>With Previous myocardial infarction</td>
                  <td align="center">143 (60%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>No previous myocardial infarction</td>
                  <td align="center">97 (40%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Percutaneous coronary intervention</td>
                  <td align="center">141 (59%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Coronary artery bypass graft</td>
                  <td align="center">61 (25%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Left ventricular ejection fraction*</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Normal</td>
                  <td align="center">129 (54%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Mid-range</td>
                  <td align="center">56 (24%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Reduced</td>
                  <td align="center">54 (23%)</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN1001">
                <p><italic>ACE: angiotensin converting enzyme; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker. *Left ventricular ejection fraction was not assessed in one patient.</italic> References</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <sec>
          <title>Clinical Course</title>
          <p>Symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 were reported by 32 (13%) patients. Rhinorrhea and nasal congestion were the most frequent symptoms, described by 13 individuals, followed by fever (n = 10), odynophagia (n = 9), worsening or onset of dyspnea (n = 5), and anosmia (n = 2). No patient reported hospitalization by COVID-19 or testing for SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p>
          <p>New onset or worsening chest pain was reported by 14 (6%) and 12 (5%) patients, respectively. Of these 26 patients, 13 individuals were admitted to emergency rooms, and 3 of them were hospitalized, 1 due to myocardial infarction and 1 due to acute coronary syndrome. Both patients were treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). A third patient was unable to report the diagnosis that led to the hospitalization. One death was reported: a woman aged 80 years, with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. Unfortunately, we did not have access to the death certificate to assert the cause of death.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Outpatient Follow-up</title>
          <p>The majority of patients (80%) rescheduled the medical appointment, following the recommendations of the HCFMRP-USP, while 13% of patients reported non-attendance due to fear of nosocomial infection with SARS-Cov-2, 3% of the patients had no means of transport to get to the appointment, and 4% of the patients reported other reasons (supplementary table). High, intermediate and low priority medical appointments were scheduled for 15%, 22% and 63% of patients, respectively.</p>
          <p>The need for renewal of prescriptions was reported by 8% of the patients. Half of the patients contacted considered that the rescheduling was better for their health, while this strategy was considered neutral or worse by 30% and 20% of the patients, respectively.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <p>This study assessed the short-term results of strategies to the following-up of outpatients at high cardiovascular risk by means of telemedicine in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. As the main findings, 11% of the contacted patients had worsening of their cardiovascular condition in the first months of the pandemic, but only half of those patients sought medical evaluation for that reason. Moreover, an important proportion of patients reported fear of attending health facilities due to the potential risk of in-hospital contamination by SARS-CoV-2. In this scenario, teleorientation was highly feasible, of good acceptance by patients and very useful in the management of medical appointments based on clinical priorities.</p>
        <p>Since the first cases of COVID-19, some investigations have reported a decrease in the medical care demand due to cardiovascular events. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Data from catheterization laboratories from the US have shown an estimated 38% reduction in emergency ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) activations at the beginning of the pandemic breakout in that country. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Similarly, a more recent study involving 141 countries has indicated that in about two thirds of them there was a decrease of 40% or more in hospital admissions due to STEMI during the first months of the pandemic. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
        <p>A frequent hypothesis to those findings has been fear of SARS-CoV-2 infection in medical facilities, as has been demonstrated recently in a Brazilian case report. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> In this study, 13% of patients reported fear of in-hospital infection as the main reason for not attending the previously scheduled medical appointment.</p>
        <p>In addition, this study contributes to advance the current knowledge of the telemedicine field, by showing its high feasibility and good acceptance by the patients. The telemedicine-based strategy used in this study allowed for efficient management of medical appointments, scheduled as priority for 15% of contacted patients, while other 85% of patients could postpone their medical visit and hence remain in social distancing. In addition, other needs could be fulfilled, such as medical prescription renewal, which was required for 8% of the contacted patients.</p>
        <p>Teleorientation was not successfully completed in 18% of the cases, thus it is not possible to rule out that the proportion of patients who had clinical worsening, and even death rate, was greater than the observed.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclusions</title>
        <p>Telemedicine in cardiology in response to the COVID-19 pandemic was highly feasible, very effective and widely accepted by patients, allowing for the screening of priority cases and the management of outpatient return appointments.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f02001">
            <label>Figure 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Presence of warning symptoms reported by outpatients with chronic coronary artery disease.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-01-0153-00715-gf02-en.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f03001">
            <label>Figure 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Medical visits screened by teleorientation.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-01-0153-00715-gf03-en.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Study Association</p>
          <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate</p>
          <p>This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da FMRP-USP under the protocol number 4.078.545. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <p><bold>Sources of Funding</bold> .There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
