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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">h4qCkpTr4q4tsBk8FTSTQCp</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00140</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2021000100140</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20200595</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20200595</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta Cient&#237;fica</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Altera&#231;&#245;es no Perfil dos Pacientes atendidos no Pronto Socorro durante o Surto de COVID-19 em um Hospital Geral Especializado em Tratamento Cardiovascular no Brasil</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7750-2792</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Jardim</surname>
            <given-names>Thiago Veiga</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Jardim</surname>
            <given-names>Flavio Veiga</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Jardim</surname>
            <given-names>Luciana Muniz Veiga</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Coragem</surname>
            <given-names>Juliana Tranjan</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Castro</surname>
            <given-names>Cristov&#227;o Fernandes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Firmino</surname>
            <given-names>Guilherme Moreira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5333-013X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Jardim</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo Cesar B. Veiga</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s - Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de, Goi&#226;nia, GO - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Liga de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s - Liga de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial, Goi&#226;nia, GO - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o de Goi&#225;s</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o de Goi&#225;s, Goi&#226;nia, GO - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>4</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s &#8211; Cardiologia, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Thiago de Souza Veiga Jardim &#8226; Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s - Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de - Primeira Avenida, S/N. CEP 74000-000, Setor Leste Universit&#225;rio, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>thiagoloirin@hotmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos Autores</p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa, Obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento e An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica: Jardim TSV, Jardim FV, Coragem JT, Jardim PCBV; Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados, An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados, Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito e Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Jardim TSV, Jardim FV, Coragem JT, Castro CF, Firmino GM, Jardim PCBV.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potencial Conflito de Interesses</p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>03</day>
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>116</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>140</fpage>
      <lpage>143</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>03</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>30</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>15</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares</kwd>
        <kwd>COVID-19</kwd>
        <kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronav&#237;rus</kwd>
        <kwd>Pandemia</kwd>
        <kwd>S&#237;ndrome Respirat&#243;ria Aguda</kwd>
        <kwd>Hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Hospital P&#250;blico</kwd>
        <kwd>Epidemiologia</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="2"/>
        <table-count count="2"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="17"/>
        <page-count count="4"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>A doen&#231;a do novo coronav&#237;rus (COVID-19) &#233; causada pelo v&#237;rus da s&#237;ndrome respirat&#243;ria aguda grave coronav&#237;rus 2 (<italic>severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus</italic>-2, SARS-CoV-2).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Em 11 de mar&#231;o de 2020, a COVID-19 foi declarada uma pandemia pela Organiza&#231;&#227;o Mundial de Sa&#250;de, e o primeiro caso no Brasil foi relatado no final de fevereiro.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Dada a aus&#234;ncia de tratamento espec&#237;fico e os altos &#237;ndices de morbimortalidade da COVID-19, especialmente nos grupos de risco, medidas extraordin&#225;rias de sa&#250;de p&#250;blica v&#234;m sendo implementadas em todo o mundo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> A estrat&#233;gia tradicional de sa&#250;de p&#250;blica contra surtos de doen&#231;as, que consiste em isolamento, quarentena, distancimento social e confinamento, foi implementada em v&#225;rios pa&#237;ses e teve papel fundamental na preven&#231;&#227;o da dissemina&#231;&#227;o da doen&#231;a.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Desde que o primeiro caso de COVID-19 foi relatado no Brasil, al&#233;m de medidas de distanciamento social, iniciou-se uma grande campanha para que os pacientes evitassem procurar atendimento m&#233;dico em emerg&#234;ncias, exceto em caso de extrema necessidade. A maioria das a&#231;&#245;es da campanha ocorreu nas m&#237;dias sociais, na m&#237;dia tradicional, e em relat&#243;rios governamentais.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Essas a&#231;&#245;es eram justificadas pela preocupante dissemina&#231;&#227;o da COVID-19 nas emerg&#234;ncias e pelo h&#225;bito da popula&#231;&#227;o brasileira de procurar as emerg&#234;ncias como uma alternativa ao atendimento regular com um m&#233;dico da aten&#231;&#227;o b&#225;sica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
      <p>O n&#250;mero de pacientes em todo o pa&#237;s que buscaram atendimento m&#233;dico nas emerg&#234;ncias por motivos que n&#227;o s&#237;ndrome respirat&#243;ria aguda diminuiu de forma significativa, especialmente depois da implementa&#231;&#227;o das medidas de distanciamento social.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Apesar dessas altera&#231;&#245;es, n&#227;o existem dados cient&#237;ficos sobre o real impacto do surto de COVID-19 nas emerg&#234;ncias do Brasil. A fim de preencher essa lacuna de conhecimento, comparamos as caracter&#237;sticas sociodemogr&#225;ficas e cl&#237;nicas dos pacientes que bucaram o setor de emerg&#234;ncia antes e depois do surto de COVID-19 no Brasil.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>M&#233;todos</title>
      <p>Realizamos um estudo retrospectivo unic&#234;ntrico que avaliou os prontu&#225;rios de todos os pacientes consecutivos que buscaram atendimento no setor de emerg&#234;ncia de um hospital geral privado especializado em cuidados cardiovasculares. Essa institui&#231;&#227;o est&#225; localizada na capital de um estado da regi&#227;o Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Os dados dos pacientes atendidos antes da implementa&#231;&#227;o da quarentena na cidade foram comparados aos daqueles atendidos ap&#243;s a implementa&#231;&#227;o. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica da institui&#231;&#227;o e, visto que n&#227;o seria utilizado nenhum dado de identifica&#231;&#227;o dos pacientes, n&#227;o foi necess&#225;ria a assinatura de um formul&#225;rio de consentimento.</p>
      <p>O n&#250;mero m&#233;dio de pacientes atendidos no setor de emerg&#234;ncia da institui&#231;&#227;o em 2019 foi de 1500/m&#234;s. Visto que as medidas de distanciamento foram oficialmente implementadas em 16 de mar&#231;o de 2010 na cidade em que est&#225; localizada a institui&#231;&#227;o, por meio de uma resolu&#231;&#227;o do estado, decidimos comparar os dados dos 2 meses ap&#243;s a implementa&#231;&#227;o da quarentena (durante &#8211; 16 de mar&#231;o de 2020 a 16 de maio de 2020) com os do mesmo per&#237;odo do ano anterior (antes &#8211; 16 de mar&#231;o de 2019 a 16 de maio de 2019).</p>
      <p>As vari&#225;veis avaliadas foram: n&#250;mero de pacientes, idade, sexo, cidade de resid&#234;ncia, plano de sa&#250;de, motivo para buscar atendimento m&#233;dico, tempo gasto no setor de emerg&#234;ncia, era um funcion&#225;rio do hospital, solicitou afastamento por doen&#231;a, recebeu medicamento, realizou exames laboratoriais ou de imagem, realizou eletrocardiograma (ECG), recebeu alta da emerg&#234;ncia, necessitou de interna&#231;&#227;o hospital, necessitou de interna&#231;&#227;o na unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI).</p>
      <p>A descri&#231;&#227;o detalhada dos m&#233;todos &#233; apresentada no material suplementar.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Resultados</title>
      <p>Durante os 2 meses avaliados em 2019 (antes da COVID-19), o n&#250;mero total de pacientes atendidos no setor de emerg&#234;ncia foi de 2934. Esse n&#250;mero diminuiu para 1380 nos mesmos meses em 2020 (durante a COVID-19), o que representou uma redu&#231;&#227;o de 57% no n&#250;mero total de pacientes atendidos. A <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura 1</xref> demonstra o n&#250;mero de pacientes atendidos/m&#234;s durante o per&#237;odo de tempo analisado.</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f01">
          <label>Figura 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Compara&#231;&#227;o do n&#250;mero de pacientes atendidos no setor de emerg&#234;ncia/m&#234;s em um mesmo per&#237;odo de tempo no ano anterior e durante o distanciamento social motivado pela COVID-19. Primeiro m&#234;s &#8211; de 16 de mar&#231;o a 15 de abril. Segundo m&#234;s &#8211; de 16 de abril a 16 de maio.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-01-0140-00595-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>As caracter&#237;sticas sociodemogr&#225;ficas dos pacientes atendidos no setor de emerg&#234;ncia antes e durante a crise da COVID-19 est&#227;o detalhadas na tabela S1 (material suplementar). A idade m&#233;dia dos pacientes diminuiu, assim como o percentual de pacientes &#8805; 60 anos e de pacientes atendidos no setor de emerg&#234;ncia provenientes de outras cidades que n&#227;o Goi&#226;nia. O percentual de funcion&#225;rios do hospital e de pacientes sem plano de sa&#250;de aumentou durante o surto de COVID-19.</p>
      <p>Ao se avaliar as diferen&#231;as cl&#237;nicas entre os pacientes e tratamentos antes e durante o surto de COVID-19, houve altera&#231;&#245;es significativas em quase todas as vari&#225;veis. O n&#250;mero de pacientes classificados como urgentes na triagem aumentou, assim como o tempo gasto no setor de emerg&#234;ncia. Houve tamb&#233;m um aumento do n&#250;mero de todos os procedimentos diagn&#243;sticos realizados no setor de emerg&#234;ncia (ECG, exames laboratoriais e de imagem), enquanto o uso de medicamentos diminuiu. A quantidade de pacientes que necessitaram de intera&#231;&#227;o hospitalar aumentou, especialmente daqueles que necessitaram de interna&#231;&#227;o na UTI. Ao se comparar os diagn&#243;sticos mais comuns, houve uma diminui&#231;&#227;o nos casos de gastroenterite infecciosa e de dengue. Por outro lado, os casos de transtorno de ansiedade aumentaram, assim como os de s&#237;ndrome respirat&#243;ria viral. N&#227;o houve altera&#231;&#227;o no percentual de casos de doen&#231;a cardiovascular, embora tenha havido uma redu&#231;&#227;o de 49,6% no n&#250;mero absoluto de casos. A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref> apresenta um resumo de todos esses achados.</p>
      <p>
        <table-wrap id="t1">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Diferen&#231;as cl&#237;nicas relativas a pacientes e tratamentos antes e durante o surto de COVID-19 no setor de emerg&#234;ncia de um hospital terci&#225;rio privado brasileiro</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">Vari&#225;vel</th>
                <th>Antes da COVID-19</th>
                <th>Durante a COVID-19</th>
                <th>Valor de p</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>n</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">2934</td>
                <td align="center">1380</td>
                <td>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Classificado como urgente na triagem</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">491 (16,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">276 (20,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,009</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Tempo gasto no SE* (minutos)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">277,8 (222,6)</td>
                <td align="center">194,7 (140,0)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Solicitou afastamento por doen&#231;a</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">146 (5,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">177 (12,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Medicamento no SE*</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">1958 (66,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">846 (61,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Teste laboratorial no SE*</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">311 (10,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">612 (44,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Eletrocardiograma no SE*</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">897 (30,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">533 (38,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Exame de imagem no SE*</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">812 (27,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">502 (36,4%)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Alta do SE*</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">2617 (89,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">1132 (82,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">236 (8,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">138 (10,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,033</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Interna&#231;&#227;o na UTI&#8224;</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">81 (2,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">110 (8,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Doen&#231;a cardiovascular</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">474 (16,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">235 (17,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,470</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Gastroenterite infecciosa/ colite</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">160 (5,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">22 (1,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Dengue</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">240 (8,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">18 (1,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Transtornos de ansiedade</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">115 (3,9%)</td>
                <td align="center">110 (8,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Doen&#231;as do sistema geniturin&#225;rio</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">92 (3,1%)</td>
                <td align="center">36 (2,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,340</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Doen&#231;as do sistema digestivo</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">62 (2,1%)</td>
                <td align="center">34 (2,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,470</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Doen&#231;as do sistema musculoesquel&#233;tico e do tecido conjuntivo</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">102 (3,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">56 (4,1%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,340</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>S&#237;ndrome respirat&#243;ria viral</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">21 (0,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">203 (14,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN1">
              <p>
                <italic>Valores expresso como m&#233;dia (&#177; desvio padr&#227;o) ou n (%). *SE &#8211; setor de emerg&#234;ncia; &#8224;UTI &#8211; unidade de terapia intensiva.</italic>
              </p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </p>
      <p>Al&#233;m disso, a tabela S2 (material suplementar) detalha as diferen&#231;as sociodemogr&#225;ficas e cl&#237;nicas entre os pacientes com e sem s&#237;ndrome respirat&#243;ria viral. As diferen&#231;as mais significativas em favor daqueles que n&#227;o apresentaram s&#237;ndrome respirat&#243;ria viral foram observadas no percentual de pacientes &#8805; 60 anos, que foram classificados como urgentes na triagem, que necessitaram de medicamento e que realizaram ECG no setor de emerg&#234;ncia. Por outro lado, as diferen&#231;as mais significativas em favor dos pacientes com s&#237;ndrome respirat&#243;ria viral foram observadas no percentual de paciente que eram funcion&#225;rios do hospital, que realizaram exames de imagem e que solicitaram afastamento por doen&#231;a.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <p>Altera&#231;&#245;es significativas no n&#250;mero de pacientes atendidos nas emerg&#234;ncias de todo o mundo durante o surto de COVID-19 foram relada em cartas ao editor, pontos de vista e documentos n&#227;o cientificos. Entretanto, segundo nosso conhecimento, este &#233; o primeiro estudo cient&#237;fico o apresentar os resultados dessas altera&#231;&#245;es com dados da vida real. De fato, nosso estudo observou uma redu&#231;&#227;o significativa do n&#250;mero de pacientes no setor de emerg&#234;ncia, a qual alcan&#231;ou 57%. Ocorreram altera&#231;&#245;es na frequ&#234;ncia de diagn&#243;sticos, al&#233;m de diferen&#231;as no atendimento prestado a esses pacientes.</p>
      <p>A compara&#231;&#227;o dos 2 meses ap&#243;s a implementa&#231;&#227;o das medidas oficiais de distanciamento social motivadas pela COVID-19 com o per&#237;odo equivalente do ano anterior baseou-se nas diferen&#231;as sazonais dos pacientes atendidos nas emerg&#234;ncias. Na regi&#227;o onde o estudo foi realizado, arboviroses, especialmente a dengue, s&#227;o condi&#231;&#245;es altamente prevalentes no per&#237;odo analisado.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Diante disso, acreditamos que nossa compara&#231;&#227;o &#233; a mais confi&#225;vel e eficaz na preven&#231;&#227;o de vieses.</p>
      <p>Houve uma redu&#231;&#227;o de 49,6% no n&#250;mero absoluto de pacientes com doen&#231;as cardiovasculares atendidos no setor de emerg&#234;ncia. Um estudo italiano obteve resultados semelhantes ao avaliar apenas as interna&#231;&#245;es hospitalares por infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio durante uma semana em compara&#231;&#227;o a uma semana equivalente em 2019.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Outro estudo, realizado nos EUA, observou um redu&#231;&#227;o de at&#233; 48% nas taxas semanal de hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio durante o per&#237;odo da pandemia de COVID-19.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Embora a redu&#231;&#227;o do n&#250;mero absoluto observada em nosso estudo seja semelhante &#224; de outros dados internationais, n&#227;o houve altera&#231;&#227;o no percentual de pacientes com doen&#231;as cardiovasculares atendidos no setor de emerg&#234;ncia durante o surto de COVID-19.</p>
      <p>Um aspecto interessante dos resultados aqui apresentados &#233; o aumento do percentual de pacientes com transtornos de ansiedade atendidos no setor de emerg&#234;ncia durante a pandemia de COVID-19.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Esse achado &#233; corroborado por v&#225;rias publica&#231;&#245;es que avaliaram a COVID-19 e tamb&#233;m as medidas de distanciamento social e o seu impacto na sa&#250;de mental da popula&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup></p>
      <p>As caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas dos casos suspeitos/confirmados de COVID-19 podem ser observadas nos nossos resultados ao se comparar os pacientes com e sem s&#237;ndrome respirat&#243;ria viral. Primeiramente, o atendimento a esses pacientes demanda mais tempo, conforme demonstrado pelo aumento significativo do tempo gasto no setor de emerg&#234;ncia. Visto que se trata de uma doen&#231;a altamente contagiosa, s&#227;o solicitados mais afastamentos por doen&#231;a. O n&#250;mero de pacientes atendidos que trabalhavam no hospital tamb&#233;m aumentou, sugerindo uma alta preval&#234;ncia da doen&#231;a em profissionais da sa&#250;de, conforme j&#225; relatado anteriormente.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> Por fim, o aumento do n&#250;mero de pacientes que necessitaram de interna&#231;&#227;o na UTI demonstra a gravidade da doen&#231;a.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup></p>
      <p>As potenciais limita&#231;&#245;es deste estudo devem ser mencionadas. Em primeiro lugar, trata-se de um estudo unic&#234;ntrico realizado na capital de um estado no qual o n&#250;mero de casos de COVID-19 era baixo se comparado ao de outras capitais do Brasil. Em segundo lugar, selecionamos os diang&#243;sticos mais comuns, de acordo com a defini&#231;&#227;o do m&#233;dico assistente do setor de emerg&#234;ncia, deixando assim de investigar algumas doen&#231;as. Por &#250;ltimo, as comorbidades dos pacientes n&#227;o foram relatadas, porque essa informa&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o estava dispon&#237;vel no banco de dados utilizado no estudo.</p>
      <p>&#201; importante ressaltar que a coleta de dados durante uma emerg&#234;ncia de sa&#250;de p&#250;blica &#233; extremamente desafiadora. Todos os esfor&#231;os est&#227;o voltados para a pandemia, tanto no cuidado aos pacientes quanto na preocupa&#231;&#227;o dos prestadores de cuidados de sa&#250;de em se contaminarem. Ainda assim, quanto mais dados cient&#237;ficos forem disponibizados, melhores ser&#227;o os cuidados para tratar a COVID-19 e todas as outras doen&#231;as que est&#227;o afetando os pacientes nesses tempos t&#227;o dif&#237;ceis. Outro aspecto importante &#233; o fato de que este &#233; um estudo observacional em que foram descritas as altera&#231;&#245;es nas caracter&#237;sticas dos pacientes. Sendo assim, n&#227;o &#233; poss&#237;vel estabelecer uma rela&#231;&#227;o causa-efeito precisa.</p>
      <p><sup>*</sup>Material suplementar</p>
      <p>Para informa&#231;&#227;o adicional, por favor, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2021/11601/2020-0595-material-suplementar.pdf">clique aqui</ext-link>
			</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Vincula&#231;&#227;o Acad&#234;mica</p>
        <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        <p>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#201;tica e Consentimento Informado</p>
        <p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica do Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o de Goi&#225;s sob o n&#250;mero de protocolo 01/2020. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo est&#227;o de acordo com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <p><bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold>.O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Letter</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Changes in the Profile of Emergency Room Patients during the COVID-19 Outbreak in a General Hospital Specialized in Cardiovascular Care in Brazil</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7750-2792</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Jardim</surname>
            <given-names>Thiago Veiga</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3001">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4001">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Jardim</surname>
            <given-names>Flavio Veiga</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3001">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4001">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Jardim</surname>
            <given-names>Luciana Muniz Veiga</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3001">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Coragem</surname>
            <given-names>Juliana Tranjan</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3001">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Castro</surname>
            <given-names>Cristov&#227;o Fernandes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3001">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Firmino</surname>
            <given-names>Guilherme Moreira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3001">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5333-013X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Jardim</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo Cesar B. Veiga</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3001">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4001">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s - Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de, Goi&#226;nia, GO - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s - Liga de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial, Goi&#226;nia, GO - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3001">
        <label>3</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o de Goi&#225;s, Goi&#226;nia, GO - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4001">
        <label>4</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s &#8211; Cardiologia, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001"><bold>Mailing Address: Thiago de Souza Veiga Jardim</bold> &#8226; Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s - Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de - Primeira Avenida, S/N. Postal Code 74000-000, Setor Leste Universit&#225;rio, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brazil E-mail: thiagoloirin@hotmail.com </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>Author Contributions</p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research, Obtaining financing and Statistical analysis: Jardim TSV, Jardim FV, Coragem JT, Jardim PCBV; Analysis and interpretation of the data, Writing of the manuscript and Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content Acquisition of data: Jardim TSV, Jardim FV, Coragem JT, Castro CF, Firmino GM, Jardim PCBV</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potential Conflict of Interest</p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases</kwd>
        <kwd>COVID-19</kwd>
        <kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronavirus, Pandemics</kwd>
        <kwd>Acute Respiratory Syndrome</kwd>
        <kwd>Hospitalization</kwd>
        <kwd>Public Hospital</kwd>
        <kwd>Epidemiology</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> On March 11, 2020, COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization, and the first case was reported in Brazil by the end of February.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Given the absence of specific treatment and the high morbidity and mortality of COVID-19, particularly in high-risk groups, extraordinary public health measures have been implemented worldwide.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Considering public health, the traditional outbreak response strategy of isolation, quarantine, social distancing, and community containment has been implemented in multiple countries and has played an important role in preventing disease spread.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Since the first COVID-19 case was reported in Brazil, in addition to social distancing measures, a massive campaign has been implemented to prevent patients from seeking medical care at emergency rooms (ER) unless extremely necessary. Most campaign actions took place on social media, traditional media, and government reports.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> These actions were justified by the worrisome COVID-19 spread in ERs and the habit of the Brazilian population of seeking ER care as an alternative to regular care with primary care physicians.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
        <p>The number of patients around the country seeking medical assistance in ERs for reasons other than acute respiratory syndromes has decreased significantly, particularly after the implementation of social distancing measures.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Despite these changes, there is a lack of scientific data on the real impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on ERs in Brazil. Aiming to address this knowledge gap, we compared the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients seeking ERs before and after the onset of the COVID-19 outbreak in Brazil.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>Methods</title>
        <p>We conducted a retrospective single-center study assessing the medical records of all consecutive patients who sought medical care in an ER of a private general hospital specialized in cardiovascular care. This facility is located in a state capital of Brazil&#8217;s Central-West region. We compared data of patients treated before the implementation of quarantine measures in the city and those treated afterwards. The study was approved by the institution&#8217;s Ethics Committee and as no patient identification data were to be used, a consent form was not required.</p>
        <p>The mean number of patients treated monthly in the institution&#8217;s ER in 2019 was 1500. Since social distancing measures were officially implemented on March 16, 2020 by a state resolution, we decided to compare data referring to the 2 months after quarantine implementation (March 16, 2020 to May 16, 2020) with the same period of the previous year (March 16, 2019 to May 16, 2019).</p>
        <p>The assessed variables were: number of patients, age, sex, city of residency, health insurance, reason for seeking medical assistance, and time spent in the ER; we also evaluated whether the patient was a hospital employee, required sick leave, received medication, underwent any laboratory or imaging tests, underwent an electrocardiogram (EKG), was discharged from the ER, required hospital admission, or required admission to an intensive care unit (ICU).</p>
        <p>Detailed descriptions of the methods are provided on the Supplemental Material.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Results</title>
        <p>During the 2 assessed months of 2019 (pre-COVID-19), the total number of patients treated at the ER was 2934. This number decreased to 1380 in the same months of 2020 (during COVID-19), which translates into a 57% reduction in the total number of treated patients. The number of patients treated per month during the studied time frame is shown on <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01001">Figure 1</xref>.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f01001">
            <label>Figure 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Emergency room patients treated per month in the same time frame of the previous year and during COVID-19 social distancing. First month &#8211; from March 16 to April 15. Second month &#8211; from April 16 to May 16.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-01-0140-00595-gf01-en.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>The sociodemographic characteristics of patients treated at the ER pre- and during the COVID-19 crisis are shown on Table S1 (Supplemental Material). Their mean age was decreased, as well as the percentage of patients aged &#8805; 60 years and coming from cities other than Goi&#226;nia. The proportion of hospital employees and of patients with no health insurance increased during the COVID-19 outbreak.</p>
        <p>When comparing the clinical characteristics of patients and treatments pre- and during the COVID-19 outbreak, we observed that almost all variables changed significantly. The number of urgent triage classifications increased, and so did the time spent by patients at the ER. The number of diagnostic procedures performed at the ER (electrocardiographies, laboratory and image tests) increased, while medication use decreased. Patients requiring hospital admission increased, particularly those requiring ICU admission. When comparing the most common diagnoses, there was a decrease in infectious gastroenteritis and dengue fever cases. Conversely, the number of patients with anxiety disorders and respiratory viral syndromes increased. No changes were seen on the proportion of cardiovascular diseases in relation to other diagnoses, although a 49.6% absolute reduction in their cases was observed. A summary of these findings is presented on <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1001">Table 1</xref>.</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t1001">
            <label>Table 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Clinical aspects of patients and treatments before and during the COVID-19 outbreak in an emergency room of a Brazilian private tertiary hospital</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Variables</th>
                  <th>pre-COVID-19</th>
                  <th>During COVID-19</th>
                  <th>p-value</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>n</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">2934</td>
                  <td align="center">1380</td>
                  <td>
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Triaged as urgent</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">491 (16.7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">276 (20.0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.009</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Time spent at ER* (minutes)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">277.8 (222.6)</td>
                  <td align="center">194.7 (140.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Required sick leave</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">146 (5.0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">177 (12.8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Received medication on ER*</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">1958 (66.7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">846 (61.3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Laboratory test on ER*</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">311 (10.6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">612 (44.3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Electrocardiography on ER*</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">897 (30.6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">533 (38.6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Image examination on ER*</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">812 (27.7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">502 (36.4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Discharged from ER*</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">2617 (89.2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">1132 (82.0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Hospital admission</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">236 (8.0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">138 (10.0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.033</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>ICU&#8224; admission</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">81 (2.8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">110 (8.0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Cardiovascular disease</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">474 (16.2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">235 (17.0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.470</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Infectious gastroenteritis / colitis</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">160 (5.5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">22 (1.6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Dengue fever</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">240 (8.2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">18 (1.3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Anxiety disorders</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">115 (3.9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">110 (8.0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Genitourinary diseases</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">92 (3.1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">36 (2.6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.340</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Gastrointestinal diseases</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">62 (2.1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">34 (2.5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.470</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Musculoskeletal and connective tissue diseases</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">102 (3.5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">56 (4.1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.340</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Respiratory viral syndromes</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">21 (0.7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">203 (14.7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN1001">
                <p>
                  <italic>Values given as means (&#177; standard deviation) or n (%). *ER: emergency room; &#8224;ICU: intensive care unit.</italic>
                </p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>Additionally, on Table S2 (Supplemental Material), the sociodemographic and clinical differences between patients with or without respiratory viral syndromes were compared. The most significant differences towards patients without respiratory viral syndromes were in the proportion of patients aged &#8805; 60 years, triaged as urgent, who required medication, or underwent electrocardiography at the ER. On the other hand, the percentages of patients who were hospital employees, underwent imaging tests, or required sick leaves were the most significantly different and higher in those with respiratory viral syndromes.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <p>A significant change in the number of patients treated at ERs worldwide during the COVID-19 outbreak has been reported by letters to editors, points of view, and non-scientific documents. Nevertheless, to our knowledge, this is the first scientific study presenting real-life results of these changes. In our study, we observed a significant reduction in the number of patients cared for at the ER, reaching a 57% decrease. Changes in frequencies of different diagnoses also happened, as well as in the care given to the patients.</p>
        <p>The comparison between the 2 months following official COVID-19 social distancing measures and the same period of the previous year was based on seasonal differences observed in patients treated at ERs. In the Brazilian region where the study was conducted, arboviruses, particularly dengue fever, have a high prevalence during the assessed months.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Therefore, we believe that our method of comparison is the most reliable and effective for avoiding bias.</p>
        <p>We observed a 49.6% absolute reduction in the number of patients with cardiovascular diseases treated at the ER. An Italian study found similar results when assessing only hospital admissions for acute myocardial infarction over a period of one week in comparison with the same week of 2019.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Another study, conducted in the USA, found that weekly hospitalization rates for acute myocardial infarction decreased by up to 48% during the COVID-19 period.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Although the absolute reduction found in our study was similar to other international data, we found no changes in the relative percentage of patients with cardiovascular diseases treated at the ER during the COVID-19 outbreak.</p>
        <p>An interesting aspect of the results presented here is the increase in the percentage of patients with anxiety disorders being treated at the ER during the COVID-19 pandemic.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> This finding is supported by various publications that assessed COVID-19, social distancing measures, and the impact on the population&#8217;s mental health.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Clinical features of suspected/confirmed COVID-19 cases can be seen in our results when comparing patients with and without respiratory viral syndromes. Firstly, the treatment of these patients is time-consuming, which was indicated by a significant increase in time spent at the ER. Since this is a highly contagious disease, patients required more sick leaves. The number of treated patients who were hospital workers also increased, suggesting a high prevalence of COVID-19 in health care professionals, as previously reported.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> Finally, the higher number of patients requiring ICU admission indicated disease severity.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Potential limitations of this study need to be acknowledged. This was a single-center study conducted in the capital of a state in which the number of COVID-19 cases was low when compared to other state capitals in Brazil. Secondly, we selected only the most common diagnoses defined by the attending ER physician, which left some diseases uninvestigated. Finally, the patients&#8217; comorbidities were not reported, since this information was not available on the database used in this study.</p>
        <p>It is important to highlight that data collection during a public health emergency is extremely challenging. All efforts were targeted at the pandemic; not only on patient care, but also on the worrisome possibility of health care providers being infected. As more scientific data becomes available, health care teams will be able to provide better care for patients with COVID-19 and other diseases in these difficult times. Another important aspect is the fact that this is an observational study that described changes on patients&#8217; features, thus not being accurate for establishing cause-effect relationships.</p>
        <p>*Supplemental Materials</p>
        <p>For additional information, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2021/11601/2020-0595-material-suplementar.pdf">please click here</ext-link>.</p>
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          <p>Study Association</p>
          <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
          <p>Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate</p>
          <p>This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o de Goi&#225;s under the protocol number 01/2020. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013.</p>
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          <p>Sources of Funding.There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
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