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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">JDGW77SwZ7Fp4Ld5RDvnrGS</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00117</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2021000100117</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20201295</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20201295</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>O Redescobrimento do Brasil Cardiovascular: Como Prevenimos e Tratamos a Doen&#231;a Cardiovascular em Nosso Pa&#237;s</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Costa</surname>
            <given-names>Let&#237;cia Rodrigues</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Passos</surname>
            <given-names>Eduardo Vasconcelos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5538-7455</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Silvestre</surname>
            <given-names>Odilson Marcos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Acre</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Rio Branco</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">AC</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil </country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, AC - Brasil </institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Odilson Marcos Silvestre &#8226; Universidade Federal do Acre - Rodovia BR 364, Km 04, s/n - Distrito Industrial. CEP 69920-900, Rio Branco, AC - Brasil E-mail: <email>oms087@mail.harvard.edu</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>03</day>
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>116</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>117</fpage>
      <lpage>118</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares/complica&#231;&#245;es</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares/mortalidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Morbimortalidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Infarto do Mioc&#225;rdio</kwd>
        <kwd>Acidente Vascular Cerebral</kwd>
        <kwd>Preven&#231;&#227;o e Controle</kwd>
        <kwd>Fatores de Risco</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="6"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>No Brasil, as doen&#231;as cardiovasculares (DCV) s&#227;o respons&#225;veis por 27% do total de mortes, sendo a primeira causa de &#243;bito entre os brasileiros. Essas mortes s&#227;o devidas principalmente &#224;s doen&#231;as coron&#225;rias (32%), acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) (28%) e insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (IC) (18%).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Em todas as cinco regi&#245;es brasileiras essas s&#227;o as principais causas de &#243;bito, muito embora, ao se comparar com as causas n&#227;o cardiovasculares, o percentual das mortes por DCV &#233; maior nas regi&#245;es mais desenvolvidas, portanto, Sul e Sudeste.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Prevenir doen&#231;as cardiovasculares &#233; evitar mortes por infarto, AVC e IC. Al&#233;m das medidas n&#227;o-farmacol&#243;gicas, as medidas farmacol&#243;gicas s&#227;o eficazes e devem ser aplicadas seguindo a estratifica&#231;&#227;o do risco cardiovascular e o uso de medicamentos baseados em evid&#234;ncias cient&#237;ficas. Entre os sujeitos com alto risco cardiovascular, ou seja, aqueles com maiores chances de eventos cardiovasculares nos pr&#243;ximos dez anos, o uso de terapias farmacol&#243;gicas salva vidas.</p>
    <p>A terapia m&#233;dica otimizada promove redu&#231;&#227;o de 36% na mortalidade, 27% no desfecho morte/infarto do mioc&#225;rdio/AVC e melhora a qualidade de vida entre cardiopatas. Entretanto, apesar da efic&#225;cia estabelecida e comprovada em ensaios cl&#237;nicos, na vida real as taxas de ades&#227;o &#224; terap&#234;utica s&#227;o baixas, mesmo em pa&#237;ses desenvolvidos, com apenas 40% dos pacientes usando a terapia otimizada ap&#243;s 5 anos do diagn&#243;stico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O estudo REACT traz dados novos e mensagens importantes tanto para pesquisadores quanto para o dia-a-dia dos m&#233;dicos brasileiros. A proposta do estudo foi documentar a pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica ambulatorial no tratamento de indiv&#237;duos com alto risco cardiovascular e document&#225;-la tanto no per&#237;odo inicial quanto no seguimento de 12 meses, trazendo ainda dados de ades&#227;o &#224; terapia otimizada, os fatores relacionados &#224; ades&#227;o e a ocorr&#234;ncia de desfechos cardiovasculares nessa popula&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O estudo incluiu cerca de 5.000 indiv&#237;duos, sendo 70% j&#225; com DCV. Muito importante que a amostra contemplou representantes de todas as regi&#245;es do pa&#237;s. Por&#233;m, os dados s&#227;o proporcionalmente menores nas regi&#245;es mais pobres e distantes (Norte: 6,3% e Nordeste: 14,6% da amostra total do estudo), porque nesses locais mais distantes do Brasil captar informa&#231;&#227;o &#233; mais dif&#237;cil, assim como manter os sujeitos da pesquisa em seguimento tamb&#233;m &#233; complicado, sendo tarefa &#225;rdua informar e manter a pr&#225;tica da medicina baseada em evid&#234;ncias. Logo, a primeira mensagem que o estudo REACT nos mostra s&#227;o as disparidades nacionais na ocorr&#234;ncia das DCV e no tratamento adequado (ou n&#227;o) na ponta. Isso deve ser percebido por gestores de programas de sa&#250;de e pelas sociedades m&#233;dicas para implementa&#231;&#227;o de programas ajustados para as disparidades entre as regi&#245;es do Brasil.</p>
    <p>A utiliza&#231;&#227;o dos f&#225;rmacos baseados em evid&#234;ncias cient&#237;ficas &#233; o preditor mais poderoso de sobrevida livre de eventos card&#237;acos entre portadores de doen&#231;a coron&#225;ria.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Al&#233;m disso, pelo aspecto econ&#244;mico, tratamento medicamentoso otimizado em pacientes com doen&#231;a coron&#225;ria mostrou ser custo-efetivo em coorte brasileira.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> No estudo REACT, ao final de doze meses, somente 24% dos sujeitos utilizavam concomitantemente antiplaquet&#225;rios, estatinas e IECA, mostrando que a imensa maioria dos pacientes n&#227;o estava recebendo o tratamento que aumentaria a sobrevida e economizaria dinheiro dos cofres p&#250;blicos e das fam&#237;lias brasileiras. Portanto, uma outra mensagem que o estudo nos tr&#225;s &#233; justamente dizer que embora a ci&#234;ncia tenha avan&#231;ado e nos trazido certezas sobre o tratamento das DCV, a informa&#231;&#227;o ainda n&#227;o chegou na ponta porque as pessoas n&#227;o est&#227;o tomando os medicamentos que os fariam viver mais e melhor.</p>
    <p>Por fim, o estudo REACT ainda encontrou dados relevantes relacionados ao controle dos fatores de risco cardiovasculares e das comorbidades. Aproximadamente 10% dos pacientes que eram portadores de diabetes mellitus e hipertens&#227;o arterial n&#227;o tinham sido diagnosticados mesmo apresentando marcadores diagn&#243;sticos com valores dentro da faixa patol&#243;gica. Al&#233;m disso, pouco mais de 20% dos sujeitos tinham o colesterol LDL na meta terap&#234;utica para alto risco cardiovascular. Como os pacientes estavam em centros cardiol&#243;gicos especializados, esperava-se maior controle dos fatores de risco e das comorbidades; isso nos alerta para um problema ainda maior, uma vez que entre sujeitos em acompanhamento por m&#233;dicos da aten&#231;&#227;o prim&#225;ria, pode haver maior in&#233;rcia na detec&#231;&#227;o e diagn&#243;stico dos fatores de risco e na institui&#231;&#227;o de terap&#234;utica apropriada e alcance de metas terap&#234;uticas para essa popula&#231;&#227;o. &#201; prov&#225;vel que o Brasil da vida real tenha n&#250;meros ainda piores no diagn&#243;stico e tratamento das DCV.</p>
    <p>Em conclus&#227;o, as terapias modificadoras de doen&#231;a reduzem a morte entre aqueles com alto risco cardiovascular. Programas de melhoria de pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica sob a coordena&#231;&#227;o da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia, incluindo capacita&#231;&#227;o profissional com envolvimento do m&#233;dico n&#227;o especialista (o m&#233;dico da aten&#231;&#227;o prim&#225;ria) devem ser implantados para garantir que informa&#231;&#245;es no tema sejam disseminadas e cheguem aos cinco cantos do Brasil, aumentando o uso da terapia m&#233;dica otimizada e reduzindo o n&#250;mero de mortes por DCV.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Avalia&#231;&#227;o do Seguimento de 1 Ano dos Pacientes Inclu&#237;dos no Registro da Pr&#225;tica Cl&#237;nica em Pacientes de Alto Risco Cardiovascular (REACT)</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Rediscovering Brazil: How We Prevent and Treat Cardiovascular Disease</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Costa</surname>
            <given-names>Let&#237;cia Rodrigues</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Passos</surname>
            <given-names>Eduardo Vasconcelos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5538-7455</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Silvestre</surname>
            <given-names>Odilson Marcos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, AC - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001"><bold>Mailing Address: Odilson Marcos Silvestre</bold> &#8226; Federal University of Acre - Rodovia BR 364, Km 04, s/n - Distrito Industrial. Postal Code 69920-900, Rio Branco, AC - Brazil E-mail: oms087@mail.harvard.edu</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases/complications</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality</kwd>
        <kwd>Morbimortality</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial Infarction</kwd>
        <kwd>Stroke</kwd>
        <kwd>Prevention and Control</kwd>
        <kwd>Risk Factors</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>In Brazil, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent 27% of total deaths. These are mainly due to coronary heart disease (32%), stroke (28%) and heart failure (18%).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Although CVD are the leading cause of death in all five Brazilian regions, the percentage of deaths from CVD is higher in the more developed regions, i.e., South and Southeast.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Preventing cardiovascular disease is preventing deaths from heart attack, stroke and heart failure. In addition to non-pharmacological measures, pharmacological measures are effective and should be applied following the stratification of cardiovascular risk and use of evidence-based drugs. Among subjects with high cardiovascular risk, i.e., those with the greatest chance of cardiovascular events in the next ten years, using pharmacological therapies saves lives. Optimized medical therapy promotes a 36% reduction in mortality, 27% reduction of death/myocardial infarction/stroke and improves the quality of life of patients with heart disease. However, despite the efficacy established and proven in clinical trials, in real life the adherence to therapy is low, even in developed countries, with about 40% of patients receiving optimized therapy after 5 years of diagnosis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The REACT study brings new data and important messages both for researchers and clinical practice Brazilian doctors. The purpose of the study was to document the national outpatient clinical practice in the treatment of individuals with high cardiovascular risk and to document it both in the baseline and in the 12-month follow-up, also bringing data on adherence to optimized therapy, factors related to adherence and occurrence of cardiovascular events.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The study included about 5,000 individuals, 70% of whom already had cardiovascular disease. The authors included subjects from all the five regions of the country. However, the data is proportionally smaller in the poorest and most distant regions (North: 6.3% and Northeast: 14.6% of the total sample of the study), because in these parts of Brazil capturing information is hard task, as well as follow up subjects is also difficult, making it more difficult to inform and maintain high adherence to the evidence-based medicine practice. Therefore, the first message that the REACT study shows us is the national disparities in the occurrence of CVD and in the appropriate treatment (or not) at the front where primary care doctors are practicing. This must be perceived by health program managers and medical societies to implement programs adjusted to the disparities between regions in Brazil.</p>
      <p>Using evidence-based therapies are the most powerful predictor of longer survival free from adverse cardiac events.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> A Brazilian study in patients with coronary disease showed that optimized drug treatment is cost-effective.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> In the REACT study, after 12-months follow up only 24% of subjects used concomitantly antiplatelet drugs, statins and ACE inhibitors, showing that the vast majority of patients were not receiving treatment that would increase survival and save money from public coffers and from Brazilian families. Therefore, another message this study brings us is precisely to say that although science has advanced and brought us certainty about the treatment of CVD, the information has not yet reached the doctor at the front.</p>
      <p>Finally, the REACT study also found relevant data related to the control of cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities. Approximately 10% of patients who had diabetes mellitus and hypertension had not been diagnosed even with diagnostic markers with values within the pathological range. In addition, just over 20% of the subjects had LDL cholesterol in the therapeutic target for high cardiovascular risk. As patients were in specialized cardiological centers, greater control of risk factors and comorbidities was expected; this alert us to an even greater problem, since among subjects being monitored by primary care physicians, there may be greater inertia in the detection and diagnosis of risk factors and in the institution of appropriate therapy. It is likely that real-life Brazil has even worse numbers in the diagnosis and treatment of CVD.</p>
      <p>In conclusion, disease-modifying therapies reduce death among those at high cardiovascular risk. Clinical practice improvement programs under the coordination of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology, including professional training with the involvement of a non-specialist physician (the primary care physician) must be implemented to ensure that information on the topic is disseminated and reaches the five corners of Brazil, increasing the use of optimized medical therapy and reducing the number of deaths from CVD.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Evaluation of 1-Year Follow-up of Patients Included in the Registry of Clinical Practice in Patients at High Cardiovascular Risk (REACT)</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
