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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">r3hsvqSk9LV3XD5gRwBMQ9R</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2021000100108</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20190885</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20190885</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigo Original</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Avalia&#231;&#227;o do Seguimento de 1 Ano dos Pacientes Inclu&#237;dos no Registro da Pr&#225;tica Cl&#237;nica em Pacientes de Alto Risco Cardiovascular (REACT)</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1940-4470</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro Gabriel Melo de Barros e</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Berwanger</surname>
            <given-names>Otavio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1187-8690</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Precoma</surname>
            <given-names>Dalton Bertolim</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>5</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Cavalcante</surname>
            <given-names>Margaret Assad</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>6</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
            <sup>7</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6960-2825</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Vilela-Martin</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; Fernando</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
            <sup>8</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">
            <sup>9</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5420-2482</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Figueiredo</surname>
            <given-names>Est&#234;v&#227;o Lanna</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">
            <sup>10</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lopes</surname>
            <given-names>Renato Delascio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">
            <sup>11</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bodanese</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Carlos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12">
            <sup>12</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Guimar&#227;es</surname>
            <given-names>Jorge Ilha</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13">
            <sup>13</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Andrade</surname>
            <given-names>Jadelson Pinheiro de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14">
            <sup>14</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Paola</surname>
            <given-names>Angelo Amato Vincenzo de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15">
            <sup>15</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8171-3920</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Malachias</surname>
            <given-names>Marcus Vinicius Bolivar</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16">
            <sup>16</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff17">
            <sup>17</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mattos</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Alberto Piva e</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff18">
            <sup>18</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bacal</surname>
            <given-names>Fernando</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff19">
            <sup>19</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Dutra</surname>
            <given-names>Oscar Pereira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff20">
            <sup>20</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto de Pesquisa HCor</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Sao Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto de Pesquisa HCor, Sao Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Samaritano Paulista</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Sao Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Samaritano Paulista, Sao Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Sao Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>4</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Pontificia Universidade Cat&#243;lica do Paran&#225;</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Escola de Medicina</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Curitiba</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Pontificia Universidade Cat&#243;lica do Paran&#225; - Escola de Medicina, Curitiba, PR - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff5">
        <label>5</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Sociedade Hospitalar Angelina Caron</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Campina Grande do Sul</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Sociedade Hospitalar Angelina Caron &#8211; Cardiologia, Campina Grande do Sul, PR - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff6">
        <label>6</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade do Oeste Paulista</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Presidente Prudente</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade do Oeste Paulista (Unoeste), Presidente Prudente, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff7">
        <label>7</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Regional de Presidente Prudente</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Presidente Prudente</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Regional de Presidente Prudente, Presidente Prudente, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff8">
        <label>8</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Faculdade de Medicina de S&#227;o Jos&#233; do Rio Preto</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Jos&#233; do Rio Preto</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina de S&#227;o Jos&#233; do Rio Preto (FAMERP), S&#227;o Jos&#233; do Rio Preto, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff9">
        <label>9</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Departamento de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff10">
        <label>10</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Lifecenter</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Lifecenter, Belo Horizonte, MG - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff11">
        <label>11</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Duke University Hospital</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Durham</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">North Carolina</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="US">EUA</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina - EUA</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff12">
        <label>12</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital S&#227;o Lucas</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital S&#227;o Lucas, Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff13">
        <label>13</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff14">
        <label>14</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital da Bahia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Salvador</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital da Bahia, Salvador, BA - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff15">
        <label>15</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Escola Paulista de Medicina</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo Escola Paulista de Medicina, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff16">
        <label>16</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias M&#233;dicas de Minas Gerais</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias M&#233;dicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff17">
        <label>17</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial - Diretoria Cl&#237;nica, Belo Horizonte, MG - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff18">
        <label>18</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Rede D&#8217;or de Hospitais</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Rede D&#8217;or de Hospitais, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff19">
        <label>19</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff20">
        <label>20</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Instituto de Cardiologia</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Funda&#231;&#227;o Universit&#225;ria de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto de Cardiologia &#8211; Funda&#231;&#227;o Universit&#225;ria de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Pedro Gab <bold>riel Melo de Barros e Silva &#8226;</bold> R. Ab&#237;lio Soares, 250, 12-andar. Postal Code 04004-050, Paraiso, S&#227;o Paulo-SP &#8211; Brasil <email>E-mail:pedro.barros@bcri.org.br</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos Autores</p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Barros e Silva PGM, Berwanger O, Lopes RD, Guimar&#227;es JI, Andrade JP, Paola AAV, Malachias MVB, Mattos LAP, Bacal F, Dutra OP; Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Barros e Silva PGM, Precoma DB, Cavalcante MA, Vilela-Martin JF, Figueiredo EL, Lopes RD, Bodanese LC; An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados e Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Barros e Silva PGM; Obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento: Berwanger O, Guimar&#227;es JI, Andrade JP, Paola AAV, Malachias MVB, Mattos LAP, Bacal F, Dutra OP; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Berwanger O, Precoma DB, Cavalcante MA, Vilela-Martin JF, Figueiredo EL, Lopes RD, Bodanese LC, Guimar&#227;es JI, Andrade JP; Paola AAV, Malachias MVB, Mattos LAP, Bacal F, Dutra OP.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>Potencial Conflito de Interesses</p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>16</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>116</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>108</fpage>
      <lpage>116</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>13</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2019</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>17</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>14</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento</title>
          <p> Na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica, h&#225; evid&#234;ncias de falhas na prescri&#231;&#227;o de terapias baseadas em evid&#234;ncias para pacientes de alto risco cardiovascular. Entretanto, no Brasil, ainda s&#227;o insuficientes os dados sobre a evolu&#231;&#227;o ao longo de 1 ano desses pacientes.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivos</title>
          <p> Descri&#231;&#227;o no acompanhamento de 12 meses da utiliza&#231;&#227;o de terapias baseadas em evid&#234;ncia e da ocorr&#234;ncia de desfechos cardiovasculares maiores e seus principais preditores em um registro brasileiro multic&#234;ntrico de pacientes de alto risco cardiovascular.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos</title>
          <p> Estudo observacional prospectivo que documentou a pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica ambulatorial de indiv&#237;duos acima de 45 anos e de alto risco cardiovascular tanto em preven&#231;&#227;o prim&#225;ria como secund&#225;ria. Os pacientes foram seguidos por 1 ano e avaliou-se a prescri&#231;&#227;o de terapias baseadas em evid&#234;ncia e a ocorr&#234;ncia de eventos cardiovasculares maiores (infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio [IAM], acidente vascular cerebral [AVC], parada card&#237;aca e mortalidade por causa cardiovascular). Valores de p &lt; 0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significantes.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados</title>
          <p> De julho de 2010 at&#233; agosto de 2014, 5.076 indiv&#237;duos foram inclu&#237;dos em 48 centros, sendo 91% dos 4.975 pacientes eleg&#237;veis acompanhados em centros de cardiologia e 68,6% em preven&#231;&#227;o secund&#225;ria. Em 1 ano, o uso concomitante de antiplaquet&#225;rios, estatinas e inibidores da enzima conversora de angiotensina (IECA) reduziu de 28,3% para 24,2% (valor de p &lt; 0,001). A taxa de eventos cardiovasculares maiores foi de 5,46%, e os preditores identificados foram: idade, pacientes em preven&#231;&#227;o secund&#225;ria e nefropatia diab&#233;tica.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#245;es</title>
          <p> Neste grande registro nacional de pacientes de alto risco cardiovascular, foram identificados preditores de risco semelhantes aos registros internacionais, por&#233;m a ades&#227;o da prescri&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dica a terapias baseadas em evid&#234;ncia esteve abaixo dos dados da literatura internacional e apresentou piora significativa em 1 ano. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares</kwd>
        <kwd>Fatores de Risco</kwd>
        <kwd>Medicamentos Sob Prescri&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Estudos Multic&#234;ntricos como Assunto</kwd>
        <kwd>Registro M&#233;dico Coordenado</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="4"/>
        <table-count count="6"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="24"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>As doen&#231;as cardiovasculares habitualmente s&#227;o manifesta&#231;&#245;es decorrentes de um substrato ateroscler&#243;tico arterial.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Em conjunto, acometem mais de 4% da popula&#231;&#227;o mundial e suas complica&#231;&#245;es agudas, conhecidas como eventos cardiovasculares, constituem a principal causa de morte e incapacidade globalmente em ambos os sexos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> No Brasil, assim como em outros pa&#237;ses em desenvolvimento, a frequ&#234;ncia dessas doen&#231;as permanece aumentando ao longo dos anos, o que refor&#231;a a necessidade de melhor compreens&#227;o da evolu&#231;&#227;o desses pacientes na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica dessas regi&#245;es.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Apesar da elevada morbimortalidade, diversas estrat&#233;gias para reduzir o risco de complica&#231;&#245;es nesses pacientes t&#234;m sido desenvolvidas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Dentre essas op&#231;&#245;es, os pacientes de alto risco cardiovascular podem se beneficiar de terapias antitromb&#243;ticas (antiplaquet&#225;rios), estatinas e IECA ou bloqueadores dos receptores de angiotensina (BRA).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Contudo, a aplica&#231;&#227;o dessas terapias na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica tem se mostrado insuficiente, especialmente em pa&#237;ses em desenvolvimento.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> No Brasil, publica&#231;&#227;o dos dados parciais do registro da pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica em pacientes com alto risco cardiovascular (REACT) mostrou que o uso combinado de antiplaquet&#225;rios, estatinas e IECA foi identificado em apenas 34% dessa popula&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> Apesar da relev&#226;ncia desses dados, h&#225; limita&#231;&#245;es nessa an&#225;lise, pois tais informa&#231;&#245;es sobre a ades&#227;o da prescri&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dica de terapias baseadas em evid&#234;ncia foram coletadas de forma transversal, e as mudan&#231;as no seguimento prospectivo n&#227;o foram reportadas at&#233; o momento. Ademais, h&#225; ainda necessidade de idenificar, em uma popula&#231;&#227;o brasileira de indiv&#237;duos de alto risco cardiovascular, qual a real taxa de eventos esperada e quais os preditores associados a tais eventos.</p>
      <p>O objetivo do presente estudo &#233; avaliar ao longo de 12 meses, em pacientes de alto risco cardiovascular atendidos em centros brasileiros, a propor&#231;&#227;o de pacientes que recebem de forma continuada interven&#231;&#245;es com benef&#237;cio comprovado e os fatores associados &#224; evolu&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica tardia, particularmente sobre a taxa de ocorr&#234;ncia de eventos cardiovasculares maiores durante o seguimento.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>M&#233;todos</title>
      <p>O registro REACT representa um projeto de documenta&#231;&#227;o do atendimento real do paciente de alto risco cardiovascular em centros de todas as regi&#245;es brasileiras, incluindo hospitais p&#250;blicos e privados, bem como unidades b&#225;sicas de sa&#250;de.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Delineamento e Execu&#231;&#227;o do Estudo</title>
        <p>O Registro REACT &#233; um projeto da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia (SBC), cuja opera&#231;&#227;o foi realizada pelo Instituto de Pesquisa do Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o (IP-HCor) e cujos m&#233;todos foram previamente publicados.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> De maneira resumida, trata-se de pesquisa obervacional, prospectiva, volunt&#225;ria e multic&#234;ntrica, cuja inclus&#227;o de pacientes ocorreu de julho de 2010 at&#233; agosto de 2014 em 48 unidades de sa&#250;de que inclu&#237;ram hospitais p&#250;blicos e hospitais privados, bem como Unidades B&#225;sicas de Sa&#250;de (UBS). Houve abrang&#234;ncia dos centros nas cinco regi&#245;es brasileiras com a seguinte distribui&#231;&#227;o: Sudeste (45,8%), Norte (6,3%), Nordeste (14,6%), Sul (29,2%) e Centro-Oeste (4,2%). A sele&#231;&#227;o de centros foi realizada por convites abertos a centros interessados via SBC e pelo pr&#243;prio centro coordenador (IP-HCor). O estudo foi iniciado ap&#243;s aprova&#231;&#227;o do Comit&#234; de &#201;tica em Pesquisa e os dados foram coletados ap&#243;s consentimento individual dos pacientes. As informa&#231;&#245;es da an&#225;lise transversal visando documentar a pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica do manejo de pacientes de alto risco cardiovascular em territ&#243;rio nacional j&#225; foram previamente publicadas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> Adicionalmente, foi realizado seguimento longitudinal desses pacientes em 6 e 12 meses com os seguintes objetivos: aferir a ades&#227;o da prescri&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dica &#224;s recomenda&#231;&#245;es de terapias baseadas em evid&#234;ncias, avaliar a ocorr&#234;ncia de eventos cardiovasculares maiores e identificar seus respectivos preditores.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Participantes do Estudo</title>
        <p>De forma resumida, os participantes do estudo deveriam apresentar idade superior a 45 anos e pelo menos um dos seguintes fatores:<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> 1) qualquer evid&#234;ncia cl&#237;nica de doen&#231;a arterial (coronariana, cerebrovascular ou arterial perif&#233;rica); 2) diabetes melito (DM); 3) tr&#234;s fatores de risco cardiovascular, excetuando-se DM: hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica (HAS), tabagismo, dislipidemia, idade superior a 70 anos, nefropatia diab&#233;tica, hist&#243;ria familiar de doen&#231;a arterial coronariana (DAC), doen&#231;a carot&#237;dea assintom&#225;tica (subcl&#237;nica). O primeiro grupo que j&#225; tinha doen&#231;a arterial conhecida foi considerado como pacientes j&#225; em uma fase de preven&#231;&#227;o secund&#225;ria, independentemente da presen&#231;a dos demais crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o. Em rela&#231;&#227;o aos demais participantes, eles foram considerados como preven&#231;&#227;o prim&#225;ria com DM (segundo crit&#233;rio de inclus&#227;o) ou sem DM (aqueles inclu&#237;dos apenas pelo terceiro crit&#233;rio de inclus&#227;o). Como se trata de estudo de pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica com crit&#233;rios pragm&#225;ticos, os crit&#233;rios de exclus&#227;o foram: recusa em fornecer Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE), condi&#231;&#227;o psiqui&#225;trica ou neurocognitiva que impe&#231;a a obten&#231;&#227;o de dados cl&#237;nicos fidedignos (definida pelo julgamento dos investigadores); e expectativa de vida menor que 6 meses.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Procedimentos do Estudo e Vari&#225;veis Analisadas15,16</title>
        <p>A coleta de dados ocorreu na interna&#231;&#227;o com dados basais (visita &#237;ndice) e tamb&#233;m em duas visitas de seguimento cl&#237;nico aos 6 e 12 meses para aferi&#231;&#227;o da ades&#227;o da prescri&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dicas &#224;s recomenda&#231;&#245;es de terapias baseadas em evid&#234;ncias e para avaliar a ocorr&#234;ncia de eventos cardiovasculares maiores. Essas visitas de seguimento poderiam ocorrer de forma presencial na rotina assistencial ou por telefone. Tendo a caracter&#237;stica de um estudo pragm&#225;tico, a identifica&#231;&#227;o de comorbidade dos pacientes (p. ex., HAS, dislipidemia) poderiam ser realizadas da seguinte forma: relato pelo paciente, uso de medicamento (anti-hipertensivo, hipolipemiante) ou avalia&#231;&#227;o do investigador (neste &#250;ltimo, os centros foram orientados a seguirem as recomenda&#231;&#245;es de crit&#233;rios diagn&#243;sticos adotadas pelas diretrizes vigentes da SBC). Foram coletadas informa&#231;&#245;es sobre a prescri&#231;&#227;o de medicamentos para avaliar a ades&#227;o da prescri&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dica &#224;s recomenda&#231;&#245;es baseadas em evid&#234;ncia. O esquema terap&#234;utico baseado em evid&#234;ncia que foi considerado no registro REACT estava de acordo com diretrizes vigentes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> N&#227;o foram coletadas informa&#231;&#245;es sobre o uso efetivo do medicamento pelos pacientes.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Desfechos do Estudo</title>
        <p>Conforme descrito na publica&#231;&#227;o de m&#233;todos do estudo,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> o desfecho prim&#225;rio foi relacionado com a prescri&#231;&#227;o de interven&#231;&#245;es com benef&#237;cio comprovado (como, por exemplo, &#225;cido acetilsalic&#237;lico, estatinas, IECA) e o impacto na evolu&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica tardia. Os desfechos cl&#237;nicos avaliados na evolu&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica tardia inclu&#237;ram: IAM, AVC, parada card&#237;aca e mortalidade total e por causa cardiovascular.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> Esses desfechos foram reportados pelo investigador, sem utiliza&#231;&#227;o de um comit&#234; independente para adjudica&#231;&#227;o de eventos.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>An&#225;lise Estat&#237;stica</title>
        <p>Avalia&#231;&#227;o de normalidade de distribui&#231;&#227;o de vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas foi realizada por meio de histogramas. Vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas de distribui&#231;&#227;o normal foram descritas como m&#233;dia &#177; desvio padr&#227;o. Vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foram descritas por frequ&#234;ncias absolutas e relativas, as propor&#231;&#245;es foram comparadas pelo teste de Qui-quadrado ou o Teste (exato) de Fisher-Freeman-Halton. A identifica&#231;&#227;o de preditores independentes de eventos combinados (&#243;bito, IAM, parada cardiorrespirat&#243;ria ou AVC) foi realizada por modelos de risco proporcionais de Cox, tendo em vista que foram coletadas informa&#231;&#245;es sobre as datas dos eventos. Essa an&#225;lise de preditores foi realizada inicialmente de forma univariada, avaliando os seguintes fatores: idade, sexo, hist&#243;rico de DAC, IAM pr&#233;vio, hist&#243;rico de AVC/AIT, hist&#243;ria de DAP, DM, HAS, nefropatia diab&#233;tica, tabagismo, doen&#231;a carot&#237;dea assintom&#225;tica e uso combinado de antiplaquet&#225;rio, estatina e IECA no <italic>baseline</italic> ; as vari&#225;veis com valor de p &lt;0,15 foram inclu&#237;das na an&#225;lise multivariada. Valores de p apresentados s&#227;o do tipo bilateral, e p &lt; 0,05 &#233; considerado estatisticamente significante nas an&#225;lises finais. As suposi&#231;&#245;es de proporcionalidade de cada vari&#225;vel preditora e global foram verificadas por meio dos res&#237;duos de Schoenfeld padronizados.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup> Modelos de Equa&#231;&#245;es de Estima&#231;&#227;o Generalizada (EEG) foram utilizados para avaliar a terapia medicamentosa ao longo do tempo. Todas as an&#225;lises foram realizadas com aux&#237;lio do programa R vers&#227;o 3.6.1.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Resultados</title>
      <p>Entre julho de 2010 at&#233; agosto de 2014, 5.076 pacientes foram recrutados nesse registro nacional. Contudo, excluindo-se pacientes sem informa&#231;&#227;o de elegibilidade e sem informa&#231;&#245;es de <italic>baseline</italic> , restaram 4.975 pacientes para an&#225;lise sendo 91% deles acompanhados em centros de cardiologia ( <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref> ). Em um total de 407 pacientes (8,2%), n&#227;o foi poss&#237;vel obter informa&#231;&#227;o alguma de 12 meses (perda de seguimento).</p>
      <p>
        <table-wrap id="t1">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Caracteristicas basais</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">Caracter&#237;sticas basais</th>
                <th>Total (n = 4.975)</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>Idade; m&#233;dia &#177; DP</td>
                <td align="center">65,4 &#177; 10 (n = 4.975)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sexo (Masculino)</td>
                <td align="center">2.614/4.975 (52,5%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Etnia</td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Branca</td>
                <td align="center">3.422/4.975 (68,8%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Negra</td>
                <td align="center">571/4.975 (11,5%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Asi&#225;tica</td>
                <td align="center">76/4.975 (1,5%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Parda</td>
                <td align="center">900/4.975 (18,1%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Ind&#237;gena</td>
                <td align="center">6/4.975 (0,1%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Tipo de Centro</td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Cardiologia</td>
                <td align="center">4.505/4.950 (91%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Neurologia</td>
                <td align="center">7/4.950 (0,1%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Cirurgia vascular</td>
                <td align="center">3/4.950 (0,1%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Endocrinologia</td>
                <td align="center">114/4.950 (2,3%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Medicina interna</td>
                <td align="center">99/4.950 (2%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Aten&#231;&#227;o prim&#225;ria</td>
                <td align="center">222/4.950 (4,5%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Preven&#231;&#227;o</td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Prim&#225;ria</td>
                <td align="center">428/4.975 (8,6%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Prim&#225;ria DM</td>
                <td align="center">1.135/4.975 (22,8%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Secund&#225;ria</td>
                <td align="center">3.412/4.975 (68,6%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>IMC; m&#233;dia &#177; DP</td>
                <td align="center">28,5 &#177; 5,2 (n = 4.959)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>IMC &#8805; 25</td>
                <td align="center">3.660/4.959 (73,8%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>DAC</td>
                <td align="center">2.867/4.975 (57,6%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio pr&#233;vio</td>
                <td align="center">1.510/4.975 (30,4%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>AVC</td>
                <td align="center">710/4.975 (14,3%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>DAP</td>
                <td align="center">799/4.975 (16,1%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>DM</td>
                <td align="center">2.814/4.975 (56,6%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>M&#250;ltiplos fatores de risco (ao menos tr&#234;s fatores)</td>
                <td align="center">3.057/4.975 (61,4%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Hipertens&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">4.451/4.975 (89,5%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Dislipidemia</td>
                <td align="center">3.638/4.975 (73,1%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Nefropatia diab&#233;tica</td>
                <td align="center">406/4.975 (8,2%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Idade superior a 70 anos</td>
                <td align="center">1.700/4.975 (34,2%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Tabagismo atual</td>
                <td align="center">515/4.975 (10,4%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Hist&#243;rico familiar de DAC</td>
                <td align="center">2.478/4.975 (49,8%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Doen&#231;a carot&#237;dea assintom&#225;tica</td>
                <td align="center">605/4.975 (12,2%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Press&#227;o arterial</td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sist&#243;lica</td>
                <td align="center">132,3 &#177; 19,7 (n = 4.975)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Diast&#243;lica</td>
                <td align="center">79,5 &#177; 11,4 (n = 4.975)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Exames laboratoriais</td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Colesterol total (mg/dL)</td>
                <td align="center">178 &#177; 58,5 (n = 3.041)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>LDL (mg/dL)</td>
                <td align="center">99,6 &#177; 39 (n = 2.834)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>HDL (mg/dL)</td>
                <td align="center">45,4 &#177; 14,4 (n = 2.996)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Triglic&#233;rides (mg/dL)</td>
                <td align="center">159,8 &#177; 116,3 (n = 3.049)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Glicemia (mg/dL)</td>
                <td align="center">126,7 &#177; 55,2 (n = 3.327)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Hemoglobina glicosilada (%)</td>
                <td align="center">7,2 &#177; 2,1 (n = 1.953)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Creatinina (mg/dL)</td>
                <td align="center">1,1 &#177; 0,8 (n = 3.305)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN1">
              <p>
                <italic>DP: desvio padr&#227;o; DM: Diabetes melito; IMC: &#237;ndice de massa corporal; DAC: doen&#231;a arterial coronariana; AVC: acidente vascular cerebral; DAP: doen&#231;a perif&#233;rica; HDL: lipoprote&#237;na de alta densidade; LDL: lipoprote&#237;na de baixa densidade.</italic>
              </p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </p>
      <sec>
        <title>Caracter&#237;sticas Basais</title>
        <p>O perfil cl&#237;nico dos pacientes evidenciou que a idade m&#233;dia foi de 65,4 (&#177; 10), 52,5% do sexo masculino e 68,6% eram pacientes em preven&#231;&#227;o secund&#225;ria ( <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref> ). Dentre os diagn&#243;sticos de doen&#231;a cardiovascular estabelecida, doen&#231;a coron&#225;ria foi a mais comum e esteve presente em quase 60% da amostra ( <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref> ).</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Ades&#227;o da Prescri&#231;&#227;o M&#233;dica a Terapias Baseadas em Evid&#234;ncia</title>
      <p>Dentre os pacientes inclu&#237;dos, 74,6% utilizavam antiplaquet&#225;rios; 72,2%, estatinas; e 42,5%, IECA ( <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Tabela 2</xref> ). O percentual variou conforme o crit&#233;rio de inclus&#227;o, sendo maior no grupo de preven&#231;&#227;o secund&#225;ria em que o uso de antiplaquet&#225;rio e o uso de estatina ficou pr&#243;ximo de 80% ( <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Tabela 2</xref> ). Dentre os pacientes com hist&#243;ria de IAM, 73,8% recebiam betabloqueadores na avalia&#231;&#227;o basal. No seguimento, o uso concomitante de antiplaquet&#225;rios, estatinas e IECA reduziu de 28,3% para 24,2% (valor de P &lt; 0,001), sendo a redu&#231;&#227;o mais evidente nos us&#225;rios de IECA ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura 1</xref> ).</p>
      <p>
        <table-wrap id="t2">
          <label>Tabela 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211;Uso de terapias para preven&#231;&#227;o cardiovascular e controle dos fatores de risco de acordo com caracter&#237;sticas da popula&#231;&#227;o</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                <th>Prim&#225;ria (n = 428)</th>
                <th>Prim&#225;ria DM (n = 1.135)</th>
                <th>Secund&#225;ria (n = 1.733)</th>
                <th>Secund&#225;ria e DM (n = 1.679)</th>
                <th>Total (n = 4.975)</th>
                <th>p</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Medica&#231;&#227;o (Baseline)</bold>
                </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Antiplaquet&#225;rio</td>
                <td align="center">225/428 (52,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">731/1.135 (64,4%)</td>
                <td align="center">1403/1.733 (81%)</td>
                <td align="center">1.354/1.679 (80,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">3.713/4.975 (74,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Estatina</td>
                <td align="center">276/428 (64,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">720/1.135 (63,4%)</td>
                <td align="center">1347/1.733 (77,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">1.249/1.679 (74,4%)</td>
                <td align="center">3.592/4.975 (72,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>IECA</td>
                <td align="center">171/428 (40%)</td>
                <td align="center">519/1.135 (45,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">758/1.733 (43,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">787/1.679 (46,9%)</td>
                <td align="center">2.235/4.975 (44,9%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,043</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Combina&#231;&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">64/428 (15%)</td>
                <td align="center">263/1.135 (23,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">527/1.733 (30,4%)</td>
                <td align="center">554/1.679 (33%)</td>
                <td align="center">1.408/4.975 (28,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Betabloqueador (Paciente com IAM)</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td align="center">607/816 (74,4%)</td>
                <td align="center">507/694 (73,1%)</td>
                <td align="center">1.114/1.510 (73,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Diur&#233;tico tiaz&#237;dico (Pacientes com hipertens&#227;o)</td>
                <td align="center">174/387 (45%)</td>
                <td align="center">555/1038 (53.5%)</td>
                <td align="center">496/1.481 (33,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">642/1.545 (41,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">1.867/4.451 (41,9%)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Controle dos fatores de risco (baseline)</bold>
                </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Hemoglobina glicada</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>&lt; 7%</td>
                <td align="center">146/150 (97,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">321/655 (49%)</td>
                <td align="center">361/408 (88,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">292/740 (39,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">1.120/1.953 (57,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>7% a 8%</td>
                <td align="center">1/150 (0,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">144/655 (22%)</td>
                <td align="center">22/408 (5,4%)</td>
                <td align="center">150/740 (20,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">317/1.953 (16,2%)</td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>&#8805; 8%</td>
                <td align="center">3/150 (2%)</td>
                <td align="center">190/655 (29%)</td>
                <td align="center">25/408 (6,1%)</td>
                <td align="center">298/740 (40,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">516/1.953 (26,4%)</td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Glicemia</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>&lt; 100 mg/dL</td>
                <td align="center">185/284 (65,1%)</td>
                <td align="center">137/838 (16,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">664/1.074 (61,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">236/1.131 (20,9%)</td>
                <td align="center">1.222/3.327 (36,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>100 a 125 mg/dL</td>
                <td align="center">90/284 (31,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">268/838 (32%)</td>
                <td align="center">342/1.074 (31,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">310/1.131 (27,4%)</td>
                <td align="center">1.010/3.327 (30,4%)</td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>&#8805; 126 mg/dL</td>
                <td align="center">9/284 (3,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">433/838 (51,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">68/1.074 (6,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">585/1.131 (51,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">1.095/3.327 (32,9%)</td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Press&#227;o</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>&lt; 130/80 mmHg</td>
                <td align="center">274/428 (64%)</td>
                <td align="center">582/1.135 (51,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">1.066/1.733 (61,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">904/1.679 (53,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">2.826/4.975 (56,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>130/80 a 139/89 mmHg</td>
                <td align="center">97/428 (22,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">322/1.135 (28,4%)</td>
                <td align="center">432/1.733 (24,9%)</td>
                <td align="center">466/1.679 (27,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">1.317/4.975 (26,5%)</td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>&#8805; 140/90 mmHg</td>
                <td align="center">57/428 (13,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">231/1.135 (20,4%)</td>
                <td align="center">235/1.733 (13,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">309/1.679 (18,4%)</td>
                <td align="center">832/4.975 (16,7%)</td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>LDL</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>&lt; 50 mg/dL</td>
                <td align="center">1/269 (0,4%)</td>
                <td align="center">40/712 (5,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">53/939 (5,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">93/914 (10,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">187/2.834 (6,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>50 a 69 mg/dL</td>
                <td align="center">25/269 (9,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">97/712 (13,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">145/939 (15,4%)</td>
                <td align="center">173/914 (18,9%)</td>
                <td align="center">440/2.834 (15,5%)</td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>&#8805; 70 mg/dL</td>
                <td align="center">243/269 (90,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">575/712 (80,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">741/939 (78,9%)</td>
                <td align="center">648/914 (70,9%)</td>
                <td align="center">2.207/2.834 (77,9%)</td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN2">
              <p>
                <italic>Valor de p (Teste Qui-Quadrado) &lt; 0,05 indica que a terapia para preven&#231;&#227;o/fator de risco &#233; dependente da caracter&#237;stica da popula&#231;&#227;o. DM: Diabetes melito; IAM: infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio; IECA: inibidor da enzima conversora de angiotensina; LDL: lipoprote&#237;na de baixa densidade.</italic>
              </p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f01">
          <label>Figura 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Prescri&#231;&#227;o de terapias para preven&#231;&#227;o cardiovascular de acordo com o tempo de seguimento. Para a compara&#231;&#227;o da continuidade da prescri&#231;&#227;o do medicamento nos seguimentos com o baseline, foi ajustado um modelo de equa&#231;&#245;es de estima&#231;&#227;o generalizada (EEG) para dados bin&#225;rios para considerar a depend&#234;ncia entre as observa&#231;&#245;es. &#8225; Valor de p &lt; 0,001; compara&#231;&#227;o entre o seguimento e o baseline. &#8224; Valor de p &lt; 0,01; compara&#231;&#227;o entre o seguimento e o baseline. * Valor de p &lt; 0,05; compara&#231;&#227;o entre o seguimento e o baseline.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-01-0108-90885-gf01.tif"/></fig>
      </p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Controle de Fatores de Risco</title>
      <p>No geral, 16,7% dos pacientes apresentaram press&#227;o arterial &#8805; 140&#215;90 mmHg. Na avalia&#231;&#227;o laboratorial basal, identificou-se que o controle da hemoglobina glicada &lt; 7% em 47,5% dos diab&#233;ticos, sendo mais frequente o controle nos pacientes em preven&#231;&#227;o prim&#225;ria. O n&#237;vel de LDL-colesterol esteve acima de 70 mg/dL em 76,6% dos pacientes, e mais de 90% dos pacientes em preven&#231;&#227;o secund&#225;ria apresentaram LDL-colesterol &gt; 50 mg/dL. Dentre os pacientes sem diagn&#243;stico pr&#233;vio de HAS e/ou DM ,17,9% (94/524) apresentaram n&#237;veis de press&#227;o arterial &#8805; 140&#215;90, 3,6% (77/2.161) apresentaram glicemia de jejum &#8805; 126 e 4,1% (88/2.161) hemoglobina (Hb) glicada &#8805; 6,5%. De forma combinada, dentre os pacientes sem diagn&#243;stico pr&#233;vio de HAS ou DM, 10,3% (247/2.392) apresentaram n&#237;veis patol&#243;gicos de press&#227;o arterial e/ou glicemia.</p>
      <p>As orienta&#231;&#245;es para medidas n&#227;o farmacol&#243;gicas foram reportadas em cerca de 80% das vistas, sendo semelhante na preven&#231;&#227;o prim&#225;ria e secund&#225;ria para cessa&#231;&#227;o de tabagismo, mas maior na preven&#231;&#227;o prim&#225;ria para atividade f&#237;sica e dieta cardioprotetora.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Desfechos Cl&#237;nicos</title>
      <p>Em 12 meses, a mortalidade global (cardiovascular ou n&#227;o) foi de 4,92%, sendo maior na regi&#227;o Nordeste (9,33%; IC 95% 6,1%-12,6%) seguida pelas regi&#245;es Centro-Oeste (8,6%; IC 95% 3,0%-14,1%), Sul (4,9%; IC 95% 3,7%-6,1%) e Sudeste (4,3%; IC 95% 3,5%-5,1%). A an&#225;lise da regi&#227;o Norte foi prejudicada pela baixa inclus&#227;o (99 pacientes), com 30% de perda de seguimento, tendo sido reportado apenas um &#243;bito (1,5%; IC 95% 0,0%-4,3%).</p>
      <p>A taxa de eventos cardiovasculares maiores na popula&#231;&#227;o total foi de 5,46 por 100 pacientes-ano no grupo de preven&#231;&#227;o secund&#225;ria ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figura 2</xref> ) e os preditores identificados para eventos cardiovasculares foram idade, preven&#231;&#227;o secund&#225;ria e nefropatia diab&#233;tica ( <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Tabela 3</xref> ).</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f02">
          <label>Figura 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Taxa de eventos em 1 ano de acordo com crit&#233;rio de inclus&#227;o. IAM: infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio; AVC: acidente vascular cerebral; DM: diabetes melito.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-01-0108-90885-gf02.tif"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>
        <table-wrap id="t3">
          <label>Tabela 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Fatores preditores de risco cardiovascular. An&#225;lises univariada e multivariada</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" rowspan="3">Vari&#225;veis</th>
                <th colspan="2">An&#225;lise univariada</th>
                <th colspan="2">An&#225;lise multivariada</th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th colspan="4" rowspan="1">
                  <hr/>
                </th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th>HR [95% IC]</th>
                <th>Valor de p</th>
                <th>HR [95% IC]</th>
                <th>Valor de p</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>Idade (incremento de 1 ano)</td>
                <td align="center">1,036 [1,025; 1,047]</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
                <td align="center">1,035 [1,024; 1,046]</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sexo (masculino)</td>
                <td align="center">1,123 [0,900; 1,401]</td>
                <td align="center">0,303</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Hist&#243;ria de DAC (sim)</td>
                <td align="center">1,686 [1,329; 2,139]</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
                <td align="center">1,324 [0,989; 1,772]</td>
                <td align="center">0,059</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>IAM pr&#233;vio (sim)</td>
                <td align="center">1,672 [1,338; 2,090]</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
                <td align="center">1,515 [1,155; 1,988]</td>
                <td align="center">0,003</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Hist&#243;ria de AVC/AIT (sim)</td>
                <td align="center">1,738 [1,335; 2,263]</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
                <td align="center">1,481 [1,132; 1,938]</td>
                <td align="center">0,004</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Hist&#243;ria de DAP (sim)</td>
                <td align="center">1,951 [1,520; 2,503]</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
                <td align="center">1,651 [1,271; 2,143]</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>DM (sim)</td>
                <td align="center">1,191 [0,951; 1,492]</td>
                <td align="center">0,127</td>
                <td align="center">1,227 [0,967; 1,557]</td>
                <td align="center">0,093</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Hipertens&#227;o (sim)</td>
                <td align="center">0,829 [0,593; 1,159]</td>
                <td align="center">0,272</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Nefropatia diab&#233;tica (sim)</td>
                <td align="center">1,826 [1,324; 2,518]</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
                <td align="center">1,438 [1,021; 2,025]</td>
                <td align="center">0,037</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Fumante (sim)</td>
                <td align="center">0,950 [0,656; 1,376]</td>
                <td align="center">0,785</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Doen&#231;a carot&#237;dea assintom&#225;tica (sim)</td>
                <td align="center">1,008 [0,724; 1,404]</td>
                <td align="center">0,963</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Medicamento combinado (sim)*</td>
                <td align="center">1,083 [0,852; 1,377]</td>
                <td align="center">0,513</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN3">
              <p>
                <italic>Medicamento combinado: uso combinado de antiplaquet&#225;rio, estatina e IECA no baseline. DAC: doen&#231;a arterial coronariana; IAM: infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio; AVC: acidente vascular cerebral; DAP: doen&#231;a perif&#233;rica; AIT: ataque isqu&#234;mico transit&#243;rio; DM: Diabetes melito.</italic>
              </p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <p>O registro REACT seguiu por um 1 ano cerca de 5 mil pacientes de alto risco cardiovascular, sendo quase 70% em preven&#231;&#227;o secund&#225;ria. O perfil dos pacientes indica equil&#237;brio entre os sexos e, dentre os fatores de risco, HAS e dislipidemia foram os mais comuns (presentes em mais de 70% dos pacientes). Em cerca de 20% dos pacientes em preven&#231;&#227;o secund&#225;ria n&#227;o foi identificada a prescri&#231;&#227;o de antiplaquet&#225;rio, e o uso combinado de antiplaquet&#225;rio, estatina e IECA em toda a popula&#231;&#227;o de alto risco foi de 28,3% na avalia&#231;&#227;o basal para 24,2% em 1 ano. O risco de eventos cardiovasculares maiores em 1 ano foi de 5,46 por 100 pessoas-ano, e os tr&#234;s fatores mais importantes associados a esses eventos foram inerentes &#224; condi&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica do paciente: idade, preven&#231;&#227;o secund&#225;ria e nefropatia diab&#233;tica.</p>
      <p>O grupo inclu&#237;do no REACT representa um grupo heterog&#234;neo, mas que est&#225; de acordo com o conceito atual de preven&#231;&#227;o cardiovascular, em que, mais importante do que classificar um indiv&#237;duo como portador de DM, HAS ou dislipidemia, &#233; caracteriz&#225;-lo em termos de seu risco cardiovascular. A publica&#231;&#227;o com resultados parciais do REACT feita em 2013<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> tinha inclu&#237;do 2.403 pacientes e analisados 2.364 ap&#243;s an&#225;lise de qualidade dos dados basais. Na presente an&#225;lise, foram acrescidos 2.673 pacientes, o que totalizou 5.076 arrolados ao final do estudo (4.975 pacientes eleg&#237;veis para an&#225;lise). Na publica&#231;&#227;o atual, al&#233;m de o tamanho amostral ser mais que o dobro da amostra da publica&#231;&#227;o anterior, foi inclu&#237;da a informa&#231;&#227;o de avalia&#231;&#227;o prospectiva em 12 meses.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> Dessa forma, al&#233;m de maior precis&#227;o na avalia&#231;&#227;o dos dados basais, foi poss&#237;vel incluir informa&#231;&#245;es sobre a evolu&#231;&#227;o desses pacientes. Havia car&#234;ncia de dados do seguimento em 12 meses de uma grande popula&#231;&#227;o contempor&#226;nea de pacientes de alto risco cardiovascular, pois mesmo em grandes estudos internacionais que inclu&#237;ram a America Latina, como o REACH,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup> o tamanho amostral de pacientes do nosso continente neste estudo,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup> representou menos da metade dos casos inclu&#237;dos no REACT.</p>
      <p>Em termos de prescri&#231;&#227;o de terapias baseadas em evid&#234;ncia para redu&#231;&#227;o do risco cardiovascular, identificou-se que terapias bem estabelecidas, como antiplaquet&#225;rio para preven&#231;&#227;o secund&#225;ria, n&#227;o foram prescritas para parcela significativa dessa popula&#231;&#227;o de alto risco. Em registros internacionais de pacientes de alto risco,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref></sup> foi identificada grande variabilidade na ades&#227;o terap&#234;utica e no controle dos fatores de risco. No estudo REACT, mesmo com 90% dos pacientes sendo acompanhados em centros cardiol&#243;gicos, foram identificadas, ainda, lacunas importantes no controle do risco cardiovascular. Com rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; prescri&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dica, al&#233;m de parcela significativa de n&#227;o ades&#227;o na avalia&#231;&#227;o basal, no seguimento de 12 meses houve redu&#231;&#227;o absoluta de aproximadamente 4% na prescri&#231;&#227;o combinada de antiplaquet&#225;rio, estatina e IECA. Essas diferen&#231;as demonstram a necessidade da elabora&#231;&#227;o de estrat&#233;gias para melhor controle dos fatores de risco com maior prescri&#231;&#227;o a terapias baseadas em evid&#234;ncia na popula&#231;&#227;o brasileira.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref></sup></p>
      <p>O acompanhamento de 12 meses no estudo REACT permitiu a an&#225;lise da taxa de eventos cardiovasculares maiores e dos seus principas preditores. Os fatores de maior associa&#231;&#227;o identificados foram relacionados &#224; condi&#231;&#227;o do paciente, tais como idade, preven&#231;&#227;o secund&#225;ria e nefropatia, e est&#227;o de acordo com conceitos estabelecidos previamente em estudos internacionais.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref></sup> Tendo em vista tais achados, reitera-se a necessidade de ter a preven&#231;&#227;o de doen&#231;a cardiovascular e de doen&#231;a renal como prioridades nas pol&#237;ticas de sa&#250;de p&#250;blica. Rastreamento e controle adequado de fatores de risco como HAS, dislipidemia e DM s&#227;o fundamentais nessa estrat&#233;gia de preven&#231;&#227;o prim&#225;ria de doen&#231;a cardiovascular. No REACT, 10,3% dos pacientes sem diagn&#243;stico pr&#233;vio de HAS ou DM apresentaram n&#237;veis de press&#227;o arterial e/ou glicemia dentro dos par&#226;metros patol&#243;gicos. Dessa forma, al&#233;m da busca de modelos eficientes de melhora da ades&#227;o das recomenda&#231;&#245;es baseadas em evid&#234;ncia,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref></sup> h&#225; necessidade de melhorar a identifica&#231;&#227;o dessas condi&#231;&#245;es de risco na popula&#231;&#227;o e trabalhar de forma conjunta em seu controle. Isso se deve ao fato de que, embora a terapia baseada em evid&#234;ncia reduza o risco de eventos, a taxa de eventos ainda ser&#225; mais elevada no grupo de preven&#231;&#227;o secund&#225;ria de forma independente de outras vari&#225;veis. Essa abordagem conjunta sistem&#225;tica refor&#231;a o conceito de que os esfor&#231;os preventivos n&#227;o s&#227;o apenas pelos riscos atribu&#237;veis &#224; eleva&#231;&#227;o de fatores isolados, como a press&#227;o arterial ou o colesterol s&#233;rico, mas pela a&#231;&#227;o nos m&#250;ltiplos fatores, interferindo no risco absoluto global de cada indiv&#237;duo.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Limita&#231;&#245;es do Estudo</title>
        <p>Embora o convite tenha sido aberto para centros interessados no Brasil, as regi&#245;es Norte, Nordeste e Centro-Oeste tiveram representa&#231;&#227;o proporcionalmente baixa. Al&#233;m disso, os centros participantes eram, em sua maioria, cardiol&#243;gicos e com estrutura de pesquisa cl&#237;nica, e os participantes inclu&#237;dos de forma volunt&#225;ria. Desse modo, os resultados podem n&#227;o ser aplic&#225;veis a popula&#231;&#245;es que n&#227;o se enquadrem nessas caracter&#237;sticas (p. ex., unidades de sa&#250;de com menos recursos, especialmente nas regi&#245;es Norte, Nordeste e Centro-Oeste). De qualquer maneira, mesmo em locais com condi&#231;&#245;es mais favor&#225;veis, foram identificadas lacunas relevantes na aplica&#231;&#227;o das pr&#225;ticas baseadas em evid&#234;ncia. Outras limita&#231;&#245;es incluem: outros poss&#237;veis fatores associados a eventos cardiovasculares, visto que n&#227;o foram coletados como vari&#225;veis socioecon&#244;micas e culturais dos pacientes; dados de desfecho cl&#237;nico n&#227;o foram adjudicados e n&#227;o foram obtidos em 12 meses em 407 pacientes. Entretanto, a avalia&#231;&#227;o de desfecho cl&#237;nico em estudos observacionais pragm&#225;ticos habitualmente &#233; realizada por notifica&#231;&#227;o do m&#233;dico investigador, sem utiliza&#231;&#227;o de um comit&#234; espec&#237;fico para adjudica&#231;&#227;o, e o REACT representaria um cen&#225;rio mais pr&#243;ximo &#224; forma de identifica&#231;&#227;o de eventos que ocorre na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica real. Com rela&#231;&#227;o ao seguimento de 12 meses, tendo em vista que as perdas de dados ocorreram em momentos distintos, as an&#225;lises foram realizadas por modelo de Cox e, por consequ&#234;ncia, os pacientes foram censurados no &#250;ltimo contato registrado como forma de minimizar as varia&#231;&#245;es na dura&#231;&#227;o de seguimento. Finalmente, a avalia&#231;&#227;o da ades&#227;o terap&#234;utica se baseou na prescri&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dica e n&#227;o foram coletados dados sobre a elegibilidade, sobre a real utiliza&#231;&#227;o das terapias prescritas e sobre as principais barreiras para a prescri&#231;&#227;o e a utiliza&#231;&#227;o das terapias. Dessa maneira, os resultados do REACT refletem a ades&#227;o geral do m&#233;dico em termos de prescri&#231;&#227;o de terapias baseadas em evid&#234;ncia, por&#233;m sem informa&#231;&#227;o da utiliza&#231;&#227;o efetiva dessas terapias.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
      <p>Em um grande estudo prospectivo de pacientes de alto risco cardiovascular, foram identificadas falhas na prescri&#231;&#227;o de terapias baseadas em evid&#234;ncia acima do que seria esperado em registros internacionais, e tais falhas se intensificaram durante o seguimento de 1 ano. Identificou-se tamb&#233;m uma taxa de eventos cardiovasculares acima de 5% ao ano nos pacientes inclu&#237;dos j&#225; em preven&#231;&#227;o secund&#225;ria, a qual foi preditora independente de risco, assim como idade e nefropatia. Essas informa&#231;&#245;es poder&#227;o ser utilizadas no desenvolvimento de projetos de melhoria de qualidade assistencial e de outras pol&#237;ticas de assist&#234;ncia &#224; sa&#250;de, a fim de reduzir o risco dos eventos cardiovasculares na popula&#231;&#227;o brasileira.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
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    <fn-group>
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        <p>Vincula&#231;&#227;o Acad&#234;mica</p>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Evaluation of 1-Year Follow-up of Patients Included in the Registry of Clinical Practice in Patients at High Cardiovascular Risk (REACT)</article-title>
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      <contrib-group>
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          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1940-4470</contrib-id>
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            <surname>Silva</surname>
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            <sup>1</sup>
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            <sup>2</sup>
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        </contrib>
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          <name>
            <surname>Berwanger</surname>
            <given-names>Otavio</given-names>
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            <sup>3</sup>
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          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1187-8690</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Precoma</surname>
            <given-names>Dalton Bertolim</given-names>
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            <sup>4</sup>
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          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5001">
            <sup>5</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Cavalcante</surname>
            <given-names>Margaret Assad</given-names>
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            <sup>6</sup>
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            <sup>7</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6960-2825</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Vilela-Martin</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; Fernando</given-names>
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            <sup>8</sup>
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            <sup>9</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5420-2482</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Figueiredo</surname>
            <given-names>Est&#234;v&#227;o Lanna</given-names>
          </name>
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            <sup>10</sup>
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        </contrib>
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          <name>
            <surname>Lopes</surname>
            <given-names>Renato Delascio</given-names>
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          <name>
            <surname>Bodanese</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Carlos</given-names>
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            <sup>12</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Guimar&#227;es</surname>
            <given-names>Jorge Ilha</given-names>
          </name>
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            <sup>13</sup>
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        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Andrade</surname>
            <given-names>Jadelson Pinheiro de</given-names>
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            <sup>14</sup>
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        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Paola</surname>
            <given-names>Angelo Amato Vincenzo de</given-names>
          </name>
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            <sup>15</sup>
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        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8171-3920</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Malachias</surname>
            <given-names>Marcus Vinicius Bolivar</given-names>
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            <sup>17</sup>
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        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mattos</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Alberto Piva e</given-names>
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        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bacal</surname>
            <given-names>Fernando</given-names>
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            <given-names>Oscar Pereira</given-names>
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        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto de Pesquisa HCor, Sao Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Samaritano Paulista, Sao Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
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      <aff id="aff3001">
        <label>3</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4001">
        <label>4</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Pontificia Universidade Cat&#243;lica do Paran&#225; - Escola de Medicina, Curitiba, PR - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff5001">
        <label>5</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Sociedade Hospitalar Angelina Caron &#8211; Cardiologia, Campina Grande do Sul, PR - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff6001">
        <label>6</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade do Oeste Paulista (Unoeste), Presidente Prudente, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff7001">
        <label>7</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Regional de Presidente Prudente, Presidente Prudente, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff8001">
        <label>8</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina de S&#227;o Jos&#233; do Rio Preto (FAMERP), S&#227;o Jos&#233; do Rio Preto, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff9001">
        <label>9</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff10001">
        <label>10</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Lifecenter, Belo Horizonte, MG - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff11001">
        <label>11</label>
        <country country="US">EUA</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina - EUA</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff12001">
        <label>12</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital S&#227;o Lucas, Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff13001">
        <label>13</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff14001">
        <label>14</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital da Bahia, Salvador, BA - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff15001">
        <label>15</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo Escola Paulista de Medicina, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff16001">
        <label>16</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias M&#233;dicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff17001">
        <label>17</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial - Diretoria Cl&#237;nica, Belo Horizonte, MG - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff18001">
        <label>18</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Rede D&#8217;or de Hospitais, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff19001">
        <label>19</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff20001">
        <label>20</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto de Cardiologia &#8211; Funda&#231;&#227;o Universit&#225;ria de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001"><bold>Mailing Address: Pedro Gabriel Melo de Barros e Silva &#8226;</bold> R. Ab&#237;lio Soares, 250, 12-andar. Postal Code 04004-050, Paraiso, S&#227;o Paulo-SP &#8211; Brazil E-mail:pedro.barros@bcri.org.br</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>Author Contributions</p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Barros e Silva PGM, Berwanger O, Lopes RD, Guimar&#227;es JI, Andrade JP, Paola AAV, Malachias MVB, Mattos LAP, Bacal F, Dutra OP; Acquisition of data: Barros e Silva PGM, Precoma DB, Cavalcante MA, Vilela-Martin JF, Figueiredo EL, Lopes RD, Bodanese LC; Analysis and interpretation of the data and Writing of the manuscript: Barros e Silva PGM; Obtaining financing: Berwanger O, Guimar&#227;es JI, Andrade JP, Paola AAV, Malachias MVB, Mattos LAP, Bacal F, Dutra OP; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Berwanger O, Precoma DB, Cavalcante MA, Vilela-Martin JF, Figueiredo EL, Lopes RD, Bodanese LC, Guimar&#227;es JI, Andrade JP, Paola AAV, Malachias MVB, Mattos LAP, Bacal F, Dutra OP.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potential Conflict of Interest</p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background</title>
          <p>In clinical practice, there is evidence of failure to prescribe evidence-based therapies for patients at high cardiovascular risk. However, in Brazil, data on 1-year outcomes of these patients remain insufficient.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objectives</title>
          <p>To describe the use of evidence-based therapies and the occurrence of major cardiovascular outcomes and their major predictors in a 12-month follow-up of a Brazilian multicenter registry of patients at high cardiovascular risk.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods</title>
          <p>This prospective observational study documented the outpatient clinical practice of managing patients over 45 years of age and of high cardiovascular risk in both primary and secondary prevention. Patients were followed-up for 1 year, and the prescription of evidence-based therapies and the occurrence of major cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiac arrest, and cardiovascular death) were assessed. P-values &lt; 0.05 were considered statistically significant.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results</title>
          <p>From July 2010 to August 2014, a total of 5076 individuals were enrolled in 48 centers, 91% of the 4975 eligible patients were followed-up in cardiology centers, and 68.6% were in secondary prevention. At 1 year, the concomitant use of antiplatelet agents, statins, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors reduced from 28.3% to 24.2% (p &lt; 0.001). Major cardiovascular event rate was 5.46%, and the identified predictors were age, patients in secondary prevention, and diabetic nephropathy.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusions</title>
          <p>In this large national registry of patients at high cardiovascular risk, risk predictors similar to those of international registries were identified, but medical prescription adherence to evidence-based therapies was inferior and significantly worsened at 1 year. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases</kwd>
        <kwd>Risk Factors</kwd>
        <kwd>Prescription Drugs</kwd>
        <kwd>Multicenter Studies as Topic</kwd>
        <kwd>Medical Record Linkage</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>Cardiovascular diseases are usually manifestations arising from an arterial atherosclerotic substrate.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Together, they affect more than 4% of the global population and their acute complications, known as cardiovascular events, are the leading cause of death and disability in both men and women worldwide.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> In Brazil, as in other developing countries, the frequency of those diseases continues to increase over the years, which reinforces the need for a better understanding of the outcomes of those patients in clinical practice.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Despite the high morbidity and mortality, several strategies to reduce the risk of complications in those patients have been developed.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Among the options, patients at high cardiovascular risk may benefit from antithrombotic (antiplatelet) therapies, statins, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> However, the use of those therapies in clinical practice has proved to be insufficient, especially in developing countries.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> In Brazil, previously reported partial data from the Registry of Clinical Practice in Patients at High Cardiovascular Risk (REACT) showed that the combined use of antiplatelet agents, statins, and ACEIs was identified in only 34% of this population.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> Despite the relevance of those data, there are limitations in the analysis because information on medical prescription adherence to evidence-based therapies was collected in a cross-sectional fashion and changes in prospective follow-up have not been reported yet. Furthermore, there remains the need to identify the actual expected event rate and the predictors associated with such events in a Brazilian population of individuals at high cardiovascular risk.</p>
        <p>The present study aimed to assess, in patients at high cardiovascular risk treated at Brazilian centers over 12 months, the proportion of those continuously receiving interventions with proven benefit and the factors associated with late clinical outcomes, particularly major cardiovascular event rate during follow-up.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>Methods</title>
        <p>The REACT registry is a project to document the actual care of patients at high cardiovascular risk in centers across all Brazilian regions, including both public and private hospitals as well as primary health care units.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Study Design and Implementation</title>
          <p>The REACT registry is a Brazilian Society of Cardiology (SBC) project whose operation was conducted by the HCor Research Institute (IP-HCor) and whose methods were reported elsewhere.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> Briefly, this is an observational, prospective, multicenter study whose inclusion of patients occurred voluntarily from July 2010 to August 2014 in 48 health care facilities that included both public and private hospitals as well as primary health care units. All 5 Brazilian regions were covered with the following distribution of participating centers: Southeast (45.8%), North (6.3%), Northeast (14.6%), South (29.2%), and Midwest (4.2%). For the selection of participating centers, open invitations were sent to interested centers by the SBC and the coordinating center (IP-HCor). The study was initiated after approval by the relevant Research Ethics Committee, and data were collected after individual patient consent was obtained. Nationwide data from the cross-sectional analysis that documented the clinical practice of managing patients at high cardiovascular risk have been reported elsewhere.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> Additionally, longitudinal follow-up of these patients at 6 and 12 months had the following objectives: to measure medical prescription adherence to recommended evidence-based therapies, to evaluate the occurrence of major cardiovascular events, and to identify their respective predictors.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Study Participants</title>
          <p>Briefly, study participants should be over 45 years of age and have at least one of the following factors:<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> 1) any clinical evidence of arterial disease (coronary artery, cerebrovascular, or peripheral artery disease); 2) diabetes mellitus (DM); 3) 3 cardiovascular risk factors, except DM: hypertension, smoking, dyslipidemia, age over 70 years, diabetic nephropathy, family history of coronary artery disease, asymptomatic (subclinical) carotid artery disease. The first group had known arterial disease and consisted of patients considered to be in a stage of secondary prevention regardless of having other inclusion criteria. Other participants were considered as primary prevention with DM (second inclusion criterion) or without DM (those included only by the third inclusion criterion). Because this was a clinical practice study with pragmatic criteria, the exclusion criteria were refusal to provide informed consent, a psychiatric or neurocognitive condition that prevented obtaining reliable clinical data (at the investigators&#8217; discretion), and life expectancy less than 6 months.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Study Procedures and Analyzed Variables15,16</title>
          <p>Data were collected at admission for baseline data (index visit) and also at two follow-up visits at 6 and 12 months to measure medical prescription adherence to recommended evidence-based therapies and to assess occurrence of major cardiovascular events. These follow-up visits could be conducted in person at the centers or by telephone. Because this was a pragmatic study, the identification of comorbidities (e.g., hypertension, dyslipidemia) could be performed as follows: report by patient, use of (antihypertensive, lipid-lowering) drugs, or at the investigators&#8217; discretion (in the latter, the centers were advised to follow the recommended diagnostic criteria adopted in the current SBC guidelines). Data on drug prescriptions were collected to assess medical prescription adherence to evidence-based recommendations. The evidence-based therapy regimen that was considered in the REACT registry was consistent with current guidelines.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> No data were collected on the effective use of drugs by patients.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Study Outcomes</title>
          <p>As described in previously reported REACT methods,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> the primary outcome was related to prescription of interventions with proven benefit (e.g., aspirin, statins, ACEIs) and impact on late clinical outcomes. Late clinical outcomes included myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiac arrest, and overall and cardiovascular mortality.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> These outcomes were reported by the investigator, with no participation of an independent event adjudication committee.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Statistical Analysis</title>
          <p>The distribution of continuous variables was assessed for normality using histograms. Normally distributed continuous variables were described as mean &#177; standard deviation. Categorical variables were described as absolute and relative frequencies, and proportions were compared by the chi-square test or the Fisher-Freeman-Halton exact test. Independent predictors of combined events (death, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, or stroke) were identified using Cox proportional hazards models, as data on the dates of the events were collected. This predictor analysis was initially performed in a univariate fashion to assess the following factors: age, sex, history of coronary artery disease, previous acute myocardial infarction, history of stroke/transient ischemic attack, history of peripheral artery disease, DM, hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, smoking, asymptomatic carotid artery disease, and combined use of antiplatelet agent, statin, and ACEI at baseline. Variables with p-value &lt; 0.15 were included in a multivariate analysis. Reported p-values are two-tailed, and p &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant in the final analyses. The assumptions of proportionality for each predictor and global variable were assessed using standardized Schoenfeld residuals.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup> Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used to assess drug therapy over time. All analyses were conducted using the software R, version 3.6.1.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Results</title>
        <p>Between July 2010 and August 2014, 5076 patients were recruited in this national registry; however, excluding patients without eligibility and baseline data, 4975 patients remained for analysis, 91% of whom were followed-up at cardiology centers ( <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1001">Table 1</xref> ). For 407 patients (8.2%), obtaining 12-month follow-up data was not possible (loss to follow-up).</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t1001">
            <label>Table 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Baseline characteristics</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Baseline characteristics</th>
                  <th>Total (n = 4975)</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>Age; mean &#177; SD</td>
                  <td align="center">65.4 &#177; 10 (n = 4975)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Sex (male)</td>
                  <td align="center">2614/4975 (52.5%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Ethnicity</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>White</td>
                  <td align="center">3422/4975 (68.8%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Black</td>
                  <td align="center">571/4975 (11.5%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Yellow (Asian)</td>
                  <td align="center">76/4975 (1.5%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Brown</td>
                  <td align="center">900/4975 (18.1%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Red (native Brazilian)</td>
                  <td align="center">6/4975 (0.1%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Type of center</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Cardiology</td>
                  <td align="center">4505/4950 (91%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Neurology</td>
                  <td align="center">7/4950 (0.1%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Vascular surgery</td>
                  <td align="center">3/4950 (0.1%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Endocrinology</td>
                  <td align="center">114/4950 (2.3%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Internal medicine</td>
                  <td align="center">99/4950 (2%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Primary care</td>
                  <td align="center">222/4950 (4.5%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Prevention</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Primary</td>
                  <td align="center">428/4975 (8.6%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Primary with DM</td>
                  <td align="center">1135/4975 (22.8%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Secondary</td>
                  <td align="center">3412/4975 (68.6%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>BMI; mean &#177; SD</td>
                  <td align="center">28.5 &#177; 5.2 (n = 4959)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>BMI &#8805; 25</td>
                  <td align="center">3660/4959 (73.8%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>CAD</td>
                  <td align="center">2867/4975 (57.6%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Previous acute myocardial infarction</td>
                  <td align="center">1510/4975 (30.4%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Stroke</td>
                  <td align="center">710/4975 (14.3%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Peripheral artery disease</td>
                  <td align="center">799/4975 (16.1%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>DM</td>
                  <td align="center">2814/4975 (56.6%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Multiple risk factors (at least 3)</td>
                  <td align="center">3057/4975 (61.4%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Hypertension</td>
                  <td align="center">4451/4975 (89.5%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Dyslipidemia</td>
                  <td align="center">3638/4975 (73.1%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Diabetic nephropathy</td>
                  <td align="center">406/4975 (8.2%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Age &gt; 70 years</td>
                  <td align="center">1700/4975 (34.2%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Current smoking</td>
                  <td align="center">515/4975 (10.4%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Family history of CAD</td>
                  <td align="center">2478/4975 (49.8%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Asymptomatic carotid artery disease</td>
                  <td align="center">605/4975 (12.2%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Blood pressure</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Systolic</td>
                  <td align="center">132.3 &#177; 19.7 (n = 4975)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Diastolic</td>
                  <td align="center">79.5 &#177; 11.4 (n = 4975)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Laboratory tests</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Total cholesterol (mg/dL)</td>
                  <td align="center">178 &#177; 58.5 (n = 3041)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)</td>
                  <td align="center">99.6 &#177; 39 (n = 2834)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)</td>
                  <td align="center">45.4 &#177; 14.4 (n = 2996)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Triglycerides (mg/dL)</td>
                  <td align="center">159.8 &#177; 116.3 (n = 3049)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Blood glucose (mg/dL)</td>
                  <td align="center">126.7 &#177; 55.2 (n = 3327)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Glycated hemoglobin (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">7.2 &#177; 2.1 (n = 1953)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Creatinine (mg/dL)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.1 &#177; 0.8 (n = 3305)</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN1001">
                <p>
                  <italic>BMI: body mass index; CAD: coronary artery disease; DM: diabetes mellitus; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; SD: standard deviation.</italic>
                </p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <sec>
          <title>Baseline Characteristics</title>
          <p>The patients&#8217; clinical profile showed that mean age was 65.4 (&#177; 10), 52.5% were male, and 68.6% were patients in secondary prevention ( <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1001">Table 1</xref> ). Coronary artery disease was the most common diagnosis of established cardiovascular disease and was found in almost 60% of the sample ( <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1001">Table 1</xref> ).</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Medical Prescription Adherence to Evidence-based Therapies</title>
        <p>Among the patients included in the study, 74.6% used antiplatelet agents, 72.2% used statins, and 42.5% used ACEIs ( <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2001">Table 2</xref> ). The percentage varied according to the inclusion criterion and was higher in the secondary prevention group, in which the use of antiplatelet agents and the use of statins was close to 80% ( <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2001">Table 2</xref> ). Among the patients with history of myocardial infarction, 73.8% received beta-blockers at baseline. At follow-up, the concomitant use of antiplatelet agents, statins, and ACEIs reduced from 28.3% to 24.2% (p &lt; 0.001), and the most evident reduction was found in ACEI users ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01001">Figure 1</xref> ).</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t2001">
            <label>Table 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Use of therapies for cardiovascular prevention and control of risk factors according to population characteristics</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                  <th>Primary (n = 428)</th>
                  <th>Primary with DM (n = 1135)</th>
                  <th>Secondary (n = 1733)</th>
                  <th>Secondary and DM (n = 1679)</th>
                  <th>Total (n = 4975)</th>
                  <th>p</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Drug (baseline)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Antiplatelet agent</td>
                  <td align="center">225/428 (52.6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">731/1135 (64.4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">1403/1733 (81%)</td>
                  <td align="center">1354/1679 (80.6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">3713/4975 (74.6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Statin</td>
                  <td align="center">276/428 (64.5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">720/1135 (63.4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">1347/1733 (77.7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">1249/1679 (74.4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">3592/4975 (72.2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>ACEI</td>
                  <td align="center">171/428 (40%)</td>
                  <td align="center">519/1135 (45.7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">758/1733 (43.7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">787/1679 (46.9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">2235/4975 (44.9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.043</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Combination</td>
                  <td align="center">64/428 (15%)</td>
                  <td align="center">263/1135 (23.2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">527/1733 (30.4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">554/1679 (33%)</td>
                  <td align="center">1408/4975 (28.3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Beta-blocker (patient with AMI)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">607/816 (74.4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">507/694 (73.1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">1114/1510 (73.8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Thiazide diuretic (patients with hypertension)</td>
                  <td align="center">174/387 (45%)</td>
                  <td align="center">555/1038 (53.5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">496/1481 (33.5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">642/1545 (41.6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">1867/4451 (41.9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Control of risk factors (baseline)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Glycated hemoglobin</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>&lt; 7%</td>
                  <td align="center">146/150 (97.3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">321/655 (49%)</td>
                  <td align="center">361/408 (88.5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">292/740 (39.5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">1120/1953 (57.3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>7% to 8%</td>
                  <td align="center">1/150 (0.7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">144/655 (22%)</td>
                  <td align="center">22/408 (5.4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">150/740 (20.3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">317/1953 (16.2%)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>&#8805; 8%</td>
                  <td align="center">3/150 (2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">190/655 (29%)</td>
                  <td align="center">25/408 (6.1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">298/740 (40.3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">516/1953 (26.4%)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Blood glucose</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>&lt; 100 mg/dL</td>
                  <td align="center">185/284 (65.1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">137/838 (16.3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">664/1074 (61.8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">236/1131 (20.9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">1222/3327 (36.7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>100 to 125 mg/dL</td>
                  <td align="center">90/284 (31.7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">268/838 (32%)</td>
                  <td align="center">342/1074 (31.8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">310/1131 (27.4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">1010/3327 (30.4%)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>&#8805; 126 mg/dL</td>
                  <td align="center">9/284 (3.2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">433/838 (51.7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">68/1074 (6.3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">585/1131 (51.7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">1095/3327 (32.9%)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Blood pressure</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>&lt; 130/80 mm Hg</td>
                  <td align="center">274/428 (64%)</td>
                  <td align="center">582/1135 (51.3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">1066/1733 (61.5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">904/1679 (53.8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">2826/4975 (56.8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>130/80 to 139/89 mm Hg</td>
                  <td align="center">97/428 (22.7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">322/1135 (28.4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">432/1733 (24.9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">466/1679 (27.8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">1317/4975 (26.5%)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>&#8805; 140/90 mm Hg</td>
                  <td align="center">57/428 (13.3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">231/1135 (20.4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">235/1733 (13.6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">309/1679 (18.4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">832/4975 (16.7%)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>LDL-cholesterol</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>&lt; 50 mg/dL</td>
                  <td align="center">1/269 (0.4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">40/712 (5.6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">53/939 (5.6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">93/914 (10.2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">187/2834 (6.6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>50 to 69 mg/dL</td>
                  <td align="center">25/269 (9.3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">97/712 (13.6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">145/939 (15.4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">173/914 (18.9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">440/2834 (15.5%)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>&#8805; 70 mg/dL</td>
                  <td align="center">243/269 (90.3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">575/712 (80.8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">741/939 (78.9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">648/914 (70.9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">2207/2834 (77.9%)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN2001">
                <p>
                  <italic>P-value (chi-square test) &lt; 0.05 indicates that preventive therapy/risk factor are dependent on the population characteristic. ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; AMI: acute myocardial infarction; DM: diabetes mellitus; LDL: low-density lipoprotein.</italic>
                </p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f01001">
            <label>Figure 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Prescription of cardiovascular prevention therapies according to follow-up time. To compare the continuity of drug prescription between follow-ups and baseline, a generalized estimating equation (EEG) model was adjusted for binary data to account for dependence between observations. &#8225; p-value &lt; 0.001; comparison between follow-up and baseline. &#8224; p-value &lt; 0.01; comparison between follow-up and baseline. * p-value &lt; 0.05; comparison between follow-up and baseline. ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme; AMI: acute myocardial infarction.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-01-0108-90885-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Control of Risk Factors</title>
        <p>Overall, 16.7% of patients had blood pressure &#8805; 140 x 90 mm Hg. In baseline laboratory assessment, glycated hemoglobin was &lt; 7% in 47.5% of diabetic patients, with control being more frequent in primary prevention patients. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol level was &gt; 70 mg/dL in 76.6% of patients, and &gt; 90% of secondary prevention patients had LDL-cholesterol &gt; 50 mg/dL. Among the patients without previous diagnosis of hypertension and/or DM, 17.9% (94/524) had blood pressure &#8805; 140 x 90 mm Hg, 3.6% (77/2161) had fasting blood glucose &#8805; 126 mg/dL, and 4.1% (88/2161) had glycated hemoglobin &#8805; 6.5%. In a combined fashion, 10.3% (247/2392) of the patients without previous diagnosis of hypertension or DM had pathological levels of blood pressure or blood glucose.</p>
        <p>Guidance for nonpharmacological measures was reported in about 80% of prescriptions, being similar in both primary and secondary prevention groups for smoking cessation, but higher in primary prevention group for physical activity and cardioprotective diet.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Clinical Outcomes</title>
        <p>Overall (either cardiovascular or not) mortality at 12 months was 4.92%; this was higher in the Northeast region (9.33%; 95% CI 6.1%-12.6%) followed by the Midwest (8.6%; 95% CI 3.0%-14.1%), South (4.9%; 95% CI 3.7%-6.1%), and Southeast (4.3%; 95% CI 3.5%-5.1%) regions. The analysis of the North region was compromised by low inclusion (99 patients) with 30% loss to follow-up, with report of only 1 death (1.5%; 95% CI 0.0%-4.3%).</p>
        <p>Major cardiovascular event rate in the total population was 5.46 per 100 patient-years in the secondary prevention group ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02001">Figure 2</xref> ), and the predictors identified for cardiovascular events were age, secondary prevention, and diabetic nephropathy ( <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3001">Table 3</xref> ).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f02001">
            <label>Figure 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; One-year event rate according to inclusion criterion. AMI: acute myocardial infarction; DM: diabetes mellitus; HR: hazard ratio.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-116-01-0108-90885-gf02-en.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t3001">
            <label>Table 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Predictive factors for cardiovascular risk. Univariate and multivariate analyses</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left" rowspan="2">Variables</th>
                  <th colspan="2">Univariate analysis</th>
                  <th colspan="2">Multivariate analysis</th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th>HR [95% CI]</th>
                  <th>p-value</th>
                  <th>HR [95% CI]</th>
                  <th>p-value</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>Age (1-year increment)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.036 [1.025; 1.047]</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                  <td align="center">1.035 [1.024; 1.046]</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Sex (male)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.123 [0.900; 1.401]</td>
                  <td align="center">0.303</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>History of CAD (yes)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.686 [1.329; 2.139]</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                  <td align="center">1.324 [0.989; 1.772]</td>
                  <td align="center">0.059</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Previous AMI (yes)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.672 [1.338; 2.090]</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                  <td align="center">1.515 [1.155; 1.988]</td>
                  <td align="center">0.003</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>History of stroke/TIA (yes)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.738 [1.335; 2.263]</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                  <td align="center">1.481 [1.132; 1.938]</td>
                  <td align="center">0.004</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>History of PAD (yes)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.951 [1.520; 2.503]</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                  <td align="center">1.651 [1.271; 2.143]</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>DM (yes)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.191 [0.951; 1.492]</td>
                  <td align="center">0.127</td>
                  <td align="center">1.227 [0.967; 1.557]</td>
                  <td align="center">0.093</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Hypertension (yes)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.829 [0.593; 1.159]</td>
                  <td align="center">0.272</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Diabetic nephropathy (yes)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.826 [1.324; 2.518]</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                  <td align="center">1.438 [1.021; 2.025]</td>
                  <td align="center">0.037</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Smoker (yes)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.950 [0.656; 1.376]</td>
                  <td align="center">0.785</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Asymptomatic carotid artery disease (yes)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.008 [0.724; 1.404]</td>
                  <td align="center">0.963</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Combined drugs (yes)*</td>
                  <td align="center">1.083 [0.852; 1.377]</td>
                  <td align="center">0.513</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN3001">
                <p>
                  <italic>Combined drugs: combined use of antiplatelet agent, statin, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor at baseline. AMI: acute myocardial infarction; CAD: coronary artery disease; HR: hazard ratio; PAD: peripheral artery disease; TIA: transient ischemic attack; DM: diabetes mellitus.</italic>
                </p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <p>The REACT registry followed-up for 1 year approximately 5000 patients at high cardiovascular risk, almost 70% of whom were in secondary prevention. The patients&#8217; profile shows a balance between male and female, and hypertension and dyslipidemia were the most common risk factors (found in &gt; 70% of patients). Antiplatelet prescription was not identified in about 20% of secondary prevention patients, and the combined use of antiplatelet agent, statin, and ACEI in the entire high-risk population ranged from 28.3% at baseline to 24.2% at 1 year. The risk of major cardiovascular events at 1 year was 5.46 per 100 patient-years, and the three most important factors associated with such events were inherent to patient clinical status: age, secondary prevention, and diabetic nephropathy.</p>
        <p>Although heterogeneous, the group of patients included in the REACT registry is in line with the current concept of cardiovascular prevention, in which characterizing individuals in terms of cardiovascular risk is more important than classifying them as having DM, hypertension, or dyslipidemia. Previously reported partial results of the REACT registry from 2013<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> had included 2403 patients and analyzed data from 2364 after baseline data quality analysis. In the present analysis, 2673 patients were added to the previous sample, leading to a total of 5076 participants at the end of the study (4975 patients eligible for analysis). In the current report, in addition to the sample being more than double the previously reported sample, prospective data on 12-month follow-up were included.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> Thus, in addition to allowing greater precision in the assessment of baseline data, this report included data on patient outcomes. There were limited data on 12-month follow-up from a large contemporary population of patients at high cardiovascular risk because, even in large international studies that included Latin America such as the REACH trial,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup> the sample size of patients from our continent in this study,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup> represented less than half of the cases included in the REACT study.</p>
        <p>Regarding prescribed evidence-based therapies to reduce cardiovascular risk, this study found that well-established therapies such as antiplatelet agents for secondary prevention were not prescribed for a significant portion of the high-risk population. In international registries of high-risk patients,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref></sup> there was great variability in adherence to therapy and control of risk factors. In the REACT study, even with 90% of patients being followed-up at cardiology centers, important gaps in the control of cardiovascular risk were identified. Regarding medical prescription, in addition to a significant proportion of nonadherence at baseline, there was an absolute reduction of approximately 4% in the combined prescription of antiplatelet agent, statin, and ACEI at 12-month follow-up. These differences demonstrate the need to develop strategies for a better control of risk factors with greater prescription of evidence-based therapies in the Brazilian population.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Twelve-month follow-up in the REACT study allowed an analysis of the rate of major cardiovascular events and their major predictors. The factors with stronger association were related to patient status, such as age, secondary prevention, and nephropathy, and are consistent with previously established concepts in international studies.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref></sup> In view of such findings, having primary cardiovascular and kidney disease prevention as a priority in public health policies is required. Adequate screening and control of risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and DM are crucial in this primary cardiovascular disease prevention strategy. In the REACT registry, 10.3% of patients without previous diagnosis of hypertension or DM had blood pressure and/or blood glucose levels within pathological parameters. Thus, in addition to the search for efficient models to improve adherence to evidence-based recommendations,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref></sup> there is a need to improve the identification of these risk conditions in the population and work together to control them. This is because, although evidence-based therapy reduces the risk of events, event rate will remain higher in the secondary prevention group regardless of other variables. This joint systematic approach reinforces the concept that preventive efforts are not related only to the risks attributable to the elevation of isolated factors, such as blood pressure or serum cholesterol, but also to the action of multiple factors, affecting the overall absolute risk of each individual.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Study Limitations</title>
          <p>Although the invitation was open to interested centers across Brazil, the North, Northeast, and Midwest regions had a proportionally low representation. Additionally, the participating centers were mostly cardiology centers and had a structure for clinical research, and the participants were included voluntarily. Thus, the results may not be applicable to populations that do not fit these characteristics (e.g., health care facilities with fewer resources, especially in the North, Northeast, and Midwest regions). Nonetheless, even in facilities with more favorable conditions, relevant gaps were identified in the application of evidence-based practices. Another limitation is related to possible factors associated with cardiovascular events, as patient socioeconomic and cultural variables were not collected and clinical outcome data were not adjudicated, with missing 12-month data from 407 patients. However, clinical outcome review in pragmatic observational studies is usually conducted by investigator&#8217;s report, without any specific adjudication committee, and the REACT registry represents a scenario closer to the identification of events in actual clinical practice. Regarding the 12-month follow-up, considering that data losses occurred at different time points, analyses were performed using the Cox model and, therefore, patients were censored at the last recorded contact to minimize variations in follow-up duration. Finally, adherence to therapy was assessed based on medical prescriptions and no data were collected on eligibility, on the actual use of prescribed therapies, and on the main barriers to the prescription and use of therapies. Thus, the REACT results reflect physicians&#8217; overall adherence in terms of prescribing evidence-based therapies, but without data on the actual use of these therapies.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclusion</title>
        <p>In a large prospective study of patients at high cardiovascular risk, failures in the prescription of evidence-based therapies were higher than what is expected in international registries, and these failures increased during the 1-year follow-up. A cardiovascular event rate &gt; 5% per year was also identified in patients included as secondary prevention, which was an independent predictor of risk, as well as age and nephropathy. These findings can be used in the development of projects to improve quality of care and other health care policies in order to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in the Brazilian population.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Study Association</p>
          <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <p><bold>Sources of Funding</bold> .This study was funded by Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
