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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">8JPSLTHk43WLV4QKQkSvKDL</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00012</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2021000100012</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20200561</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20200561</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Treinamento Resistido de Intensidade Moderada Melhora o Estresse Oxidativo no Cora&#231;&#227;o</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4829-9606</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Cezar</surname>
            <given-names>Marcelo Diarcadia Mariano</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8895-9456</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Silvio Assis de</given-names>
            <suffix>Junior</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7623-8918</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Damatto</surname>
            <given-names>Ricardo Luiz</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias Sociais e Agr&#225;rias de Itapeva</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Itapeva</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias Sociais e Agr&#225;rias de Itapeva (FAIT), Itapeva, SP - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Campo Grande</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">MS</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Marcelo Diarcadia Mariano Cezar &#8226; Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias Sociais e Agr&#225;rias de Itapeva (FAIT) - Rodovia Francisco Alves Negr&#227;o, km 285 Bairro Pil&#227;o D&#8217;&#225;gua Itapeva, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>marcelocezar@fait.edu.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>03</day>
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>116</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>12</fpage>
      <lpage>13</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Estresse Oxidativo</kwd>
        <kwd>Remodela&#231;&#227;o Ventricular</kwd>
        <kwd>Treinamento de Resist&#234;ncia</kwd>
        <kwd>Press&#227;o Arterial/preven&#231;&#227;o e controle</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="15"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A hipertens&#227;o renovascular (HRV) &#233; uma das principais causas de hipertens&#227;o secund&#225;ria, muitas vezes levando &#224; hipertens&#227;o resistente, ou seja, que n&#227;o responde bem ao tratamento m&#233;dico agressivo. Essa condi&#231;&#227;o &#233; definida como hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica que se manifesta em decorr&#234;ncia do comprometimento do suprimento sangu&#237;neo para os rins.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> No contexto epidemiol&#243;gico, a HRV &#233; respons&#225;vel por 1 a 5% de todos os casos de hipertens&#227;o e 5,4% da hipertens&#227;o secund&#225;ria em adultos jovens.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Estudos demonstram associa&#231;&#227;o da doen&#231;a com baixos n&#237;veis de atividade f&#237;sica ou aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica em hipertensos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Sabe-se que o treinamento f&#237;sico tem a&#231;&#227;o protetora contra doen&#231;as cardiovasculares.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Em 2016, a 7&#170; Diretriz Brasileira de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial, da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> reportou que a redu&#231;&#227;o da press&#227;o arterial &#233; a medida mais eficaz para diminuir o risco cardiovascular e retardar a progress&#227;o dos danos renais, independentemente do anti-hipertensivo utilizado. O treinamento de resist&#234;ncia/exerc&#237;cio aer&#243;bio promove importante efeito hipotensor em pacientes hipertensos e, portanto, tem sido recomendado como o tipo de exerc&#237;cio preferencial para preven&#231;&#227;o e tratamento da hipertens&#227;o arterial.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
    <p>No entanto, &#233; visto agora um interesse cient&#237;fico crescente nos efeitos cardiovasculares de outro tipo de exerc&#237;cio: o treinamento resistido.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Treinamento resistido/for&#231;a &#233; uma atividade cujo esfor&#231;o &#233; realizado contra uma for&#231;a oposta espec&#237;fica gerada pela resist&#234;ncia, projetada especificamente para aumentar a for&#231;a e resist&#234;ncia muscular.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Os efeitos ben&#233;ficos do treinamento resistido abrangem a melhora do consumo m&#225;ximo de oxig&#234;nio, da for&#231;a e resist&#234;ncia muscular, al&#233;m de ser um poderoso modulador do estresse oxidativo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Na edi&#231;&#227;o atual da ABC, lemos com grande interesse o importante estudo entitulado &#8220;Treino de for&#231;a reduz o estresse oxidativo card&#237;aco e renal em ratos com hipertens&#227;o renovascular&#8221;<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> que aborda o impacto potencial de um protocolo de treinamento resistido sobre os danos oxidativos e nos sistemas enzim&#225;ticos antioxidantes end&#243;genos no cora&#231;&#227;o e rim contralateral em resposta &#224; HRV. De fato, os animais com HRV induzida apresentaram caracter&#237;sticas importantes da hipertens&#227;o, incluindo aumento da press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica (PAS) e diast&#243;lica (PAD), press&#227;o arterial m&#233;dia (PAM) e frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (FC). Animais sedent&#225;rios hipertensos apresentavam elevada concentra&#231;&#227;o de hidroper&#243;xidos e n&#237;veis reduzidos de grupos sulfidrila.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Os autores utilizaram um protocolo de treinamento resistido com 70% de sobrecarga de uma repeti&#231;&#227;o m&#225;xima (1RM), com quatro s&#233;ries de 12 repeti&#231;&#245;es e intervalos de noventa segundos no decorrer de 12 semanas. Como consequ&#234;ncia, os animais do grupo de hipertensos submetidos ao protocolo apresentaram redu&#231;&#227;o nos valores de PAS, PAD, PAM e FC.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> &#201; poss&#237;vel que o treinamento resistido tenha aumentado a disponibilidade de &#243;xido n&#237;trico e sua s&#237;ntese pelas c&#233;lulas endoteliais, contribuindo assim para a modula&#231;&#227;o do t&#244;nus vascular.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> Como consequ&#234;ncia, o aumento da resposta bradic&#225;rdica poderia diminuir a atividade simp&#225;tica no cora&#231;&#227;o, levando a uma redu&#231;&#227;o na FC de repouso, no d&#233;bito card&#237;aco e nos n&#237;veis press&#243;ricos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Outros achados foram: redu&#231;&#227;o na concentra&#231;&#227;o de hidroper&#243;xidos e preserva&#231;&#227;o de grupos sulfidrila no rim direito e no cora&#231;&#227;o em animais hipertensos submetidos aos treinos. O grupo treinado apresentou aumento das atividades da super&#243;xido dismutase (SOD), catalase e glutationa peroxidase no cora&#231;&#227;o. Quanto ao rim em animais hipertensos, as atividades de SOD e catalase melhoraram em resposta ao treinamento resistido, embora a atividade da glutationa peroxidase n&#227;o tenha se alterado.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> Exerc&#237;cios regulares elevam a produ&#231;&#227;o de esp&#233;cies reativas de oxig&#234;nio (ERO) a um n&#237;vel que pode induzir danos toler&#225;veis, que, por sua vez, podem induzir adapta&#231;&#245;es ben&#233;ficas ao regular positivamente os sistemas antioxidantes celulares e estimular os sistemas de reparo de danos oxidativos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Portanto, os resultados encontrados pelos autores indicam que o treinamento resistido de intensidade moderada pode ser uma interven&#231;&#227;o eficaz no tratamento das doen&#231;as cardiometab&#243;licas, principalmente a hipertens&#227;o renovascular. Por&#233;m, mais estudos s&#227;o necess&#225;rios para que possamos compreender os mecanismos moleculares relacionados ao balan&#231;o oxidativo em resposta aos treinos de for&#231;a.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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    </ref-list>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Treino de For&#231;a Reduz Stress Oxidativo Card&#237;aco e Renal em Ratos com Hipertens&#227;o Renovascular</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Moderate-Intensity Resistance Training Improves Oxidative Stress in Heart</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4829-9606</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Cezar</surname>
            <given-names>Marcelo Diarcadia Mariano</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8895-9456</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Silvio Assis de</given-names>
            <suffix>Junior</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7623-8918</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Damatto</surname>
            <given-names>Ricardo Luiz</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias Sociais e Agr&#225;rias de Itapeva (FAIT), Itapeva, SP - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001"><bold>Mailing Address: Marcelo Diarcadia Mariano Cezar</bold> &#8226; Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias Sociais e Agr&#225;rias de Itapeva (FAIT) - Rodovia Francisco Alves Negr&#227;o, km 285 Bairro Pil&#227;o D&#8217;&#225;gua Itapeva, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil E-mail: marcelocezar@fait.edu.br </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Hypertension</kwd>
        <kwd>Oxidative, Stress</kwd>
        <kwd>Ventricular Remodeling</kwd>
        <kwd>Resistance Training</kwd>
        <kwd>Blood Pressure/prevention and control</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Renovascular hypertension (RVHT) is one of the main causes of secondary hypertension, often leading to resistant hypertension, that is, that does not respond well to aggressive medical treatment. This condition is defined as systemic hypertension that manifests as a result of compromised blood supply to the kidneys.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> In an epidemiological context, RVHT accounts for 1 to 5% of all cases of hypertension and 5.4% of secondary hypertension among young adults.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Studies have shown an association this disease with low levels of physical activity or physical fitness in hypertensive individuals.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> It is known that physical training has a protective action against cardiovascular diseases.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> In 2016, the 7<sup>th</sup> Brazilian Guideline of Arterial Hypertension, by the Brazilian Society of Cardiology,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> stated that blood pressure reduction is the most effective measure to decrease cardiovascular risk and slow kidney damage progression, regardless of the antihypertensive drug used. Endurance/aerobic exercise training promotes an important hypotensive effect in hypertensive patients and, therefore, has been recommended as the preferential type of exercise for arterial hypertension prevention and treatment.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
      <p>However, there is now a growing scientific interest in the cardiovascular effects of another type of exercise: the resistance exercise training.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Resistance/strength training is an activity whose effort is performed against a specific opposing force generated by resistance and which is designed specifically to increase muscular strength, resistance, and/or endurance.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> The beneficial effects of resistance training encompass improved maximum oxygen consumption, muscle strength and endurance, in addition to being a powerful oxidative stress modulator.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In the current edition of ABC, we read with great interest the important study &#8220;Strength Training Reduces Cardiac and Renal Oxidative Stress in Rats with Renovascular Hypertension&#8221;,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> which addresses the potential impact of a resistance training protocol on oxidative damage and endogenous antioxidant enzymatic systems in the heart and contralateral kidney in response to RVHT. Indeed, the animals submitted to RVHT induction showed important characteristics of hypertension, including increase in systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, mean blood pressure (MBP) and heart rate (HR). Sedentary hypertensive animals presented with an elevated concentration of hydroperoxides and reduced levels of sulfhydryl groups.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The authors used a resistance training protocol with 70% overload of 1-repetition maximum (1RM), with four sets of 12 repetitions and ninety seconds intervals over a period of 12 weeks. As a result, the animals in the hypertensive group submitted to the resistance training protocol showed a reduction in the values of SBP, DBP, MBP, and HR.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> Possibly, the resistance training has increased the availability of nitric oxide and its synthesis by endothelial cells, thus contributing to the modulation of vascular tone.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> As a consequence, increased bradycardic response could decrease the sympathetic activity in the heart, leading to a reduction in HR at rest, in cardiac output, and in blood pressure levels.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Other findings were reduction in the concentration of hydroperoxides and preservation of sulfhydryl groups in the right kidney and heart in trained hypertensive animals. The trained group presented enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities in the heart. Regarding kidney in hypertensive animals, SOD and catalase activities were improved in response to resistance training, although glutathione peroxidase activity was unchanged.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> Regular exercise elevates reactive oxygen species (ROS) production to a level that may induce tolerable damage, which in turn, can induce beneficial adaptations by upregulating cellular antioxidant systems and stimulating oxidative damage repair systems.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Therefore, the results found by the authors indicate that resistance training of moderate intensity can be an effective intervention in the treatment of cardiometabolic diseases, especially renovascular hypertension. However, further studies are needed so we can understand the molecular mechanisms related to oxidative balance in response to resistance training.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Strength Training Reduces Cardiac and Renal Oxidative Stress in Rats with Renovascular Hypertension</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
