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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">rhwD6cQhpzVvvnc8GbmwrJv</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2020001000034</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20190489</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20190489</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Correla&#231;&#227;o Cl&#237;nico-radiogr&#225;fica</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Caso 5/2020 &#8211; Transposi&#231;&#227;o Corrigida das Grandes Art&#233;rias em Boa Evolu&#231;&#227;o Natural em Mulher de 65 Anos</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>Case 5/2020 &#8211; Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries, with Good Natural Evolution in a 65-Year-Old Woman</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7773-4174</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Atik</surname>
            <given-names>Edmar</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Auge</surname>
            <given-names>Renato Maluf</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Barreto</surname>
            <given-names>Alessandra Costa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Binotto</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Ang&#233;lica</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo,S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Edmar Atik &#8226; Consult&#243;rio privado. Rua Dona Adma Jafet, 74, conj.73, Bela Vista. CEP 01308-050, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>conatik@incor.usp.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>14</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>115</volume>
      <issue>1 suppl 1</issue>
      <fpage>34</fpage>
      <lpage>36</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Bloqueio Atrioventricular</kwd>
        <kwd>Disfun&#231;&#227;o Ventricular</kwd>
        <kwd>Transposi&#231;&#227;o Cong&#234;nita Corrigida de Grandes Art&#233;rias/cirurgia</kwd>
        <kwd>Marca-Passo Artificial</kwd>
        <kwd>Adulto</kwd>
        <kwd>Diagn&#243;stico por Imagem</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="2"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="4"/>
        <page-count count="3"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec>
      <title>Dados cl&#237;nicos</title>
      <p>Paciente evolui sem sintomas, nos afazeres habituais como dom&#233;stica e costureira, quando foi identificado em avalia&#231;&#227;o de rotina bloqueio atrioventricular total com frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca de 66 bpm. Nesta ocasi&#227;o foi feito diagn&#243;stico de transposi&#231;&#227;o corrigida das grandes art&#233;rias (TCGA) por ecocardiograma, com insufici&#234;ncia discreta da valva atrioventricular esquerda. Por insuficiente cronotropismo e doen&#231;a binodal, foi colocado, aos 59 anos de idade, marcapasso atrioventricular &#224; direita. Permanece assintom&#225;tica em uso de medica&#231;&#227;o anti-hipertensiva, anlodipina, enalapril e hidroclorotiazida. Nega qualquer sintoma como palpita&#231;&#245;es, dor precordial ou cansa&#231;o.</p>
      <p>Exame f&#237;sico: bom estado geral, eupneica, acian&#243;tica, pulsos normais nos 4 membros. Peso: 61 Kg, Alt.: 147 cm, PAMSD: 118 x 70 mmHg, FC: 72 bpm.</p>
      <p>Prec&#243;rdio: <italic>Ictus cordis</italic> na linha hemiclavicular esquerda e algo impulsivo, sem impuls&#245;es sist&#243;licas na borda esternal esquerda. Bulhas card&#237;acas hiperfon&#233;ticas, estando a segunda bulha desdobrada. Sopro sist&#243;lico +/++/4, suave, mais aud&#237;vel na ponta card&#237;aca. Cicatriz na regi&#227;o infraclavicular esquerda pela loja do marcapasso. F&#237;gado n&#227;o palpado e pulm&#245;es limpos.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Exames complementares</title>
      <p><bold>Eletrocardiograma:</bold> Ritmo comandado por marcapasso no &#225;trio direito e sinais de bloqueio do ramo direito pela coloca&#231;&#227;o do marcapasso &#224; direita a n&#237;vel do ventr&#237;culo anatomicamente esquerdo ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura 1</xref> ).</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f01">
          <label>Figura 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Radiografia de t&#243;rax salienta a &#225;rea card&#237;aca discretamente aumentada pelo arco ventricular esquerdo mais saliente e trama vascular pulmonar normal. O arco a&#243;rtico se situa &#224; esquerda. Eletrocardiograma demonstra a boa funcionalidade do marcapasso atrioventricular &#224; direita, com bloqueio do ramo direito e posicionado no ventr&#237;culo esquerdo &#224; direita.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-115-1suppl1-0034-90489-gf01.tif"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p><bold>Radiografia de t&#243;rax:</bold> Aumento discreto a moderado da &#225;rea card&#237;aca a custa do arco ventricular esquerdo alongado (ICT=0,68). Trama vascular pulmonar aumentada com arco a&#243;rtico &#224; esquerda ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura 1</xref> ).</p>
      <p><bold>Ecocardiograma</bold>:  Conex&#227;o atrioventricular e ventr&#237;culo-arterial discordantes. Valva tric&#250;spide &#224; esquerda displ&#225;sica e redundante. Aumento discreto do &#225;trio esquerdo (46 mm com volume= 36 ml/m<sup>2</sup>), e do ventr&#237;culo direito &#224; esquerda, estando normais as outras cavidades (VD= 44, VE= 31, Ao= 36) assim como as outras v&#225;lvulas card&#237;acas. N&#227;o havia hipertrofia mioc&#225;rdica com septo e parede posterior= 8 mm. A press&#227;o sist&#243;lica da art&#233;ria pulmonar foi estimada pelo <italic>Doppler</italic> em 26 mmHg. A fun&#231;&#227;o biventricular era normal e a fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo de 60%. TAPSE de VD= 1,6 cm e FAC de VD= 40%. ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figura 2</xref> ).</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f02">
          <label>Figura 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Ecocardiograma demonstra as imagens caracter&#237;sticas da transposi&#231;&#227;o corrigida das grandes art&#233;rias com dilata&#231;&#227;o discreta do ventr&#237;culo direito &#224; esquerda e discreta insufici&#234;ncia da valva tric&#250;spide &#224; esquerda. A valva mitral &#224; direita &#233; superior e a valva tric&#250;spide mais baixa &#224; esquerda.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-115-1suppl1-0034-90489-gf02.tif"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p><bold>Ventriculografia radioisot&#243;pica:</bold> Fun&#231;&#227;o biventricular normal (VD= 55% e VE= 53%).</p>
      <p><bold>Diagn&#243;stico cl&#237;nico:</bold> TCGA com insufici&#234;ncia da valva atrioventricular &#224; esquerda, discreta a moderada intensidade e bloqueio atrioventricular total em evolu&#231;&#227;o natural em paciente de 65 anos, assintom&#225;tica e com preserva&#231;&#227;o da fun&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica. Houve coloca&#231;&#227;o de marcapasso atrioventricular &#224; direita aos 59 anos.</p>
      <p><bold>Racioc&#237;nio cl&#237;nico:</bold> Havia elementos cl&#237;nicos de orienta&#231;&#227;o diagn&#243;stica da cardiopatia cong&#234;nita, apesar da aus&#234;ncia de sintomas evidentes. A segunda bulha hiperfon&#233;tica na express&#227;o da transposi&#231;&#227;o das grandes art&#233;rias e o sopro sist&#243;lico na ponta referente &#224; insufici&#234;ncia da valva atrioventricular &#224; esquerda seriam os dois elementos diagn&#243;sticos da anomalia cong&#234;nita. Acresce ainda a evolu&#231;&#227;o natural para bloqueio atrioventricular total como elemento tamb&#233;m orientador do diagn&#243;stico. Outro elemento seria extra&#237;do do eletrocardiograma com potenciais inversos da despolariza&#231;&#227;o e repolariza&#231;&#227;o ventricular, mas n&#227;o dispon&#237;veis. Esse diagn&#243;stico cl&#237;nico elaborado n&#227;o pode ser realizado anteriormente &#224; coloca&#231;&#227;o do marcapasso pela falta de sintomas, mas tamb&#233;m pela neglig&#234;ncia de um exame cl&#237;nico semiol&#243;gico devidamente realizado e avaliado com a acur&#225;cia adequada. O diagn&#243;stico no caso foi estabelecido pelo ecocardiograma.</p>
      <p><bold>Diagn&#243;stico diferencial:</bold> Outras cardiopatias que se acompanham de hiperfonese de segunda bulha e sopro sist&#243;lico sem expressividade poderiam orientar no adulto a cardiopatias que s&#227;o acompanhadas de hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica. Dentre as cardiopatias cong&#234;nitas, lembro as que se operadas conservam a anatomia da transposi&#231;&#227;o arterial como na transposi&#231;&#227;o das grandes art&#233;rias submetida &#224; opera&#231;&#227;o de Senning, assim como as operadas sob a t&#233;cnica cavopulmonar total.</p>
      <p><bold>Conduta:</bold> Em face da boa evolu&#231;&#227;o da paciente na preserva&#231;&#227;o da fun&#231;&#227;o normal ventricular direita e sem defeitos card&#237;acos dignos de signific&#226;ncia, a conduta expectante &#233; facilmente adotada com os controles adequados do marcapasso inserido h&#225; cerca de 6 anos. Espera-se da&#237; uma continuidade da boa evolu&#231;&#227;o ao longo de muitos anos adiante.</p>
      <p><bold>Coment&#225;rios:</bold> A TCGA se apresenta de maneira diversa quando se exterioriza com defeitos associados em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; aus&#234;ncia dos mesmos. Ela simula a tetralogia de Fallot quando a ela se associam a comunica&#231;&#227;o interventricular (CIV) e a estenose pulmonar, &#224; CIV em presen&#231;a do mesmo defeito associado e a insufici&#234;ncia valvar mitral em presen&#231;a da insufici&#234;ncia da valva atrioventricular esquerda. Quando a TCGA se mostra sem defeitos associados (15% dos casos) a evolu&#231;&#227;o natural se caracteriza pela evolu&#231;&#227;o do dist&#250;rbio da condu&#231;&#227;o atrioventricular, alterado pelo feixe direito muito longo, que favorece o aparecimento do bloqueio atrioventricular total. Ademais, pelo surgimento da insufici&#234;ncia do ventr&#237;culo direito, que pela hipertrofia e dilata&#231;&#227;o propicia a insufici&#234;ncia coron&#225;ria relativa com fibrose e consequente disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular. No entanto, raros casos evoluem de maneira mais favor&#225;vel, como no caso em discuss&#227;o.</p>
      <p>Na literatura, alguns desses casos tamb&#233;m tem apresentado tal evolu&#231;&#227;o favor&#225;vel, citando oito deles recentemente descritos com pouca manifesta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> . Al&#233;m destes, o de maior idade descrito com 83 anos e assintom&#225;tico<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> e ainda outro paciente com 70 anos assintom&#225;tico e com estenose valvar pulmonar associada, com gradiente protetor de 49,9 mmHg entre o ventr&#237;culo esquerdo e o tronco pulmonar<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> . O manejo destes pacientes depende da presen&#231;a de sintomas, do grau da disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular e das intercorr&#234;ncias relacionadas &#224; pr&#243;pria evolu&#231;&#227;o natural do defeito cong&#234;nito<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> .</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Clinicoradiological Correlation</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Case 5/2020 &#8211; Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries, with Good Natural Evolution in a 65-Year-Old Woman</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7773-4174</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Atik</surname>
            <given-names>Edmar</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Auge</surname>
            <given-names>Renato Maluf</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Barreto</surname>
            <given-names>Alessandra Costa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Binotto</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Ang&#233;lica</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001"><bold>Mailing Address: Edmar Atik &#8226;</bold> Private office. Rua Dona Adma Jafet, 74, conj.73, Bela Vista. Postal Code 01308-050, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil E-mail: conatik@incor.usp.br</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Atrioventricular Block</kwd>
        <kwd>Ventricular Dysfunction</kwd>
        <kwd>Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries/surgery</kwd>
        <kwd>Pacemaker Artificial</kwd>
        <kwd>Adult</kwd>
        <kwd>Diagnostic Imaging</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec>
        <title>Clinical data</title>
        <p>The patient evolved without symptoms, doing her usual activities of daily living, such as housekeeping and dressmaking, when total atrioventricular block was identified during a routine evaluation with a heart rate of 66 bpm. At this time, a diagnosis of corrected transposition of the great arteries was made through the echocardiogram, with mild left atrioventricular valve regurgitation. Due to insufficient chronotropism and binodal disease, an atrioventricular pacemaker was placed on the right when she was 59 years old. She remained asymptomatic using antihypertensive medication, amlodipine, enalapril and hydrochlorothiazide. She denied any symptoms such as palpitations, chest pain or fatigue.</p>
        <p>Physical examination: good overall status, eupneic, acyanotic, normal pulses in the four limbs. Weight: 61 Kgs, Height: 147 cm, BP=118x70 mmHg: 118 x 70 mm Hg, HR: 72 bpm.</p>
        <p>Precordium: apical impulse on the left hemiclavicular line and somewhat impulsive, without systolic impulses on the left sternal border. Hyperphonetic heart sounds, with splitting of the second sound. Mild systolic murmur +/++/4, more audible at the cardiac apex. Scar in the left infraclavicular region by the pacemaker implantation. Nonpalpable liver and clear lungs.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Complementary examinations</title>
        <p><bold>Electrocardiogram:</bold> Cardiac rhythm controlled by a pacemaker in the right atrium and signs of right bundle-branch block due to pacemaker implantation on the right at the level of the anatomically left ventricle ( <xref rid="f01001" ref-type="fig">Figure 1</xref> ).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f01001">
            <label>Figure 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Chest radiography highlights the slightly enlarged cardiac area due to a more prominent left ventricular arch and normal pulmonary vascular network. The aortic arch is located on the left. The electrocardiogram shows the good right atrioventricular pacemaker functionality, with right bundle-branch block and positioned in the left ventricle on the right.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-115-1suppl1-0034-90489-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p><bold>Chest X-ray:</bold> Mild to moderate increase in the cardiac area due to an elongated left ventricular arch (CTI = 0.68). Increased pulmonary vascular network with aortic arch on the left ( <xref rid="f01001" ref-type="fig">Figure 1</xref> ).</p>
        <p><bold>Echocardiogram</bold>:  Discordant atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial connections. Dysplastic and redundant tricuspid valve on the left. Slight enlargement of the left atrium (46 mm with volume = 36 mL/m<sup>2</sup>), and of the right ventricle on the left, whereas the other cavities were normal (RV=44, LV=31, Ao=36 mm), as well as the other heart valves. There was no myocardial hypertrophy with septum and posterior wall = 8 mm. The pulmonary artery systolic pressure was estimated by Doppler at 26 mm Hg. Biventricular function was normal, and the left ventricular ejection fraction was 60%. RV TAPSE = 1.6 cm and RV FAC = 40%. ( <xref rid="f02001" ref-type="fig">figure 2</xref> ).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f02001">
            <label>Figure 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Echocardiogram shows the characteristic images of corrected transposition of the great arteries with slight right ventricle dilation on the left and mild tricuspid valve regurgitation on the left. The mitral valve on the right is upper and the tricuspid valve is lower, on the left.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-115-1suppl1-0034-90489-gf02-en.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p><bold>Radioisotope ventriculography:</bold> normal biventricular function (RV = 55% and LV = 53%).</p>
        <p><bold>Clinical Diagnosis:</bold> Corrected transposition of the great arteries with left atrioventricular valve regurgitation, of mild to moderate intensity, and total atrioventricular block showing natural evolution in an asymptomatic 65-year-old patient, with myocardial function preservation. An atrioventricular pacemaker was implanted on the right at 59 years of age.</p>
        <p><bold>Clinical Reasoning:</bold> There were clinical elements that led to a diagnosis of congenital heart disease, despite the absence of evident symptoms. The second hyperphonetic sound in the expression of the transposition of the great arteries and the systolic murmur at the apex related to the atrioventricular valve regurgitation on the left would be the two diagnostic elements of the congenital anomaly. Moreover, there was a natural evolution to total atrioventricular block during patient evolution as an element that also led to the diagnosis. Another element would be extracted from the ECG with inverse potentials of ventricular depolarization and repolarization, but these are not available. This intricate clinical diagnosis could be performed prior to the pacemaker placement due to the lack of symptoms, but also due to the lack of a semiological clinical examination adequately performed and evaluated with adequate accuracy. The diagnosis in this case was established by the echocardiogram.</p>
        <p><bold>Differential diagnosis:</bold> Other cardiopathies that are accompanied by a hyperphonetic second sound and systolic murmur without significance could lead to heart disease in adults that are accompanied by systemic arterial hypertension. Among the cardiopathies, one might recall the ones that, when operated, preserve the anatomy of arterial transposition, as in the transposition of the great arteries submitted to Senning&#8217;s operation, as well as those operated using the total cavopulmonary technique.</p>
        <p><bold>Conduct:</bold> Considering the patient&#8217;s good evolution in the preservation of good right ventricular function and with no significant heart defects, the expectant conduct is easily adopted, with the adequate controls of the pacemaker implanted approximately 6 years ago. Hence, the good evolution is expected to continue for many years to come.</p>
        <p><bold>Comments:</bold> The corrected transposition of the great arteries (CTGA) presents itself in a different way when externalized with associated defects in relation to their absence. It simulates Tetralogy of Fallot when it is associated with interventricular septal defect and pulmonary stenosis, VSD in the presence of the same associated defect and mitral valve regurgitation in the presence of left atrioventricular valve regurgitation. When CTGA shows no associated defects (15% of cases), the natural evolution is characterized by the evolution of the atrioventricular conduction disorder, altered by the very long right bundle, which favors the appearance of total atrioventricular block. Moreover, due to the emergence of the right ventricular insufficiency, which, due to hypertrophy and dilation, leads to relative coronary insufficiency with fibrosis and consequent ventricular dysfunction. However, rare cases have a more favorable evolution, as in the case discussed here.</p>
        <p>In the literature, some of these cases have also shown such a favorable evolution, citing eight of them recently described with little clinical manifestation<sup><xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref></sup>. In addition to these, the oldest one was described at 83 years old and asymptomatic<sup><xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref></sup>and yet another patient at 70 years old, asymptomatic and with associated pulmonary valve stenosis, with a protective gradient of 49.9 mmHg between the left ventricle and the pulmonary trunk<sup><xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref></sup>. The management of these patients depends on the presence of symptoms, the degree of ventricular dysfunction and the complications related to the natural evolution of the congenital defect<sup><xref rid="B4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref></sup>.</p>
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