<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="editorial" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="pt">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">nLmXPhZyrf73rhSsgPkj39d</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">01142</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2020001401142</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20201176</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20201176</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Droga Heroica de Dreser x Sinfonia Eroica de Beethoven</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4200-9380</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pinho</surname>
            <given-names>Claudio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Pontif&#237;cia Universidade Cat&#243;lica de Campinas</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Campinas</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Pontif&#237;cia Universidade Cat&#243;lica de Campinas, Campinas, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Cl&#237;nica Pinho</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Valinhos</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Cl&#237;nica Pinho, Valinhos, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Claudio Pinho &#8226; Pontif&#237;cia Universidade Cat&#243;lica de Campinas &#8211; Cardiologia &#8211; Av. John Boyd Dunlop, s/n. CEP 13086-900, Campinas, SP &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>drcpinho@uol.com.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>18</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>115</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>1142</fpage>
      <lpage>1143</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Drogas Il&#237;citas</kwd>
        <kwd>Heroina</kwd>
        <kwd>Cocaina</kwd>
        <kwd>Farmacologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Eletrocardiografia/m&#233;todos</kwd>
        <kwd>Analg&#233;sicos Opioides/uso terap&#234;utico</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="7"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Como amante da m&#250;sica cl&#225;ssica, frequento a sala S&#227;o Paulo de Concertos com regularidade. Para l&#225; chegar, obrigatoriamente passo por uma regi&#227;o de concentra&#231;&#227;o de usu&#225;rios de drogas chamada de cracol&#226;ndia. Nesses momentos encontro de perto os importantes efeitos sociais e danosos da drogadi&#231;&#227;o na sa&#250;de de seus usu&#225;rios. No entanto, agora me deparo de um modo diferente atrav&#233;s deste artigo &#8220;Heroin and Electrocardiography- Effect of Heroin on Electrocardigraphy parameters&#8221;<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> que se soma a pequena literatura m&#233;dica que procura acrescentar conhecimento aos efeitos card&#237;acos da hero&#237;na no cora&#231;&#227;o e buscar sinais de sua ocorr&#234;ncia.</p>
    <p>Os autores de &#8220;Heroin and Electrocardiography- Effect of Heroin on Electrocardigraphy parameters&#8221;<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> deixam claro a pequena quantidade de informa&#231;&#245;es sobre o assunto. Pesquisa no Pubmed mostra refer&#234;ncia de 1980 intitulada &#8220;ECG examinations 115 heroin addicts&#8221;<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> sem acesso ao seu conte&#250;do. Muito pouco encontramos desde ent&#227;o sobre este tema. Como explicar esse pouco interesse cient&#237;fico nesse interim sabendo que a drogadi&#231;&#227;o cresce em n&#250;meros alarmantes. Fica aqui o primeiro questionamento: Pouco interesse dos pesquisadores nessa &#225;rea? Pouca destina&#231;&#227;o de fomento financeiro para esta &#225;rea? Dificuldades log&#237;sticas de pesquisas nesse campo? Desinteresse por esse grupo social?</p>
    <p>A magnitude dos n&#250;meros &#233; impactante, dados de 2019 da <italic>World Drug Report</italic> , publica&#231;&#227;o da <italic>United Nations Office on Drugs and C</italic> rime (UNODC) revelam que cerca de 35 milh&#245;es de pessoas tiveram alguma desordem em decorr&#234;ncia do uso de drogas sendo que apenas 1 em cada sete recebeu tratamento.</p>
    <p>A depend&#234;ncia leva ao uso desenfreado com riscos de consequ&#234;ncias letais. No caso da hero&#237;na a mortalidade gira em torno de 1% a 3% dos usu&#225;rios, sendo mais frequentemente relatada como consequ&#234;ncia de depress&#227;o respirat&#243;ria.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> No entanto, agress&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica e arritmias podem ocorrer e estarem subdiagnosticadas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Os autores de &#8220;Heroin and Electrocardiography- Effect of Heroin on Electrocardigraphy parameters&#8221;<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> mostram a ocorr&#234;ncia de altera&#231;&#227;o na repolariza&#231;&#227;o ventricular dos usu&#225;rios de hero&#237;na, mais precisamente diminui&#231;&#227;o do intervalo QT e QTc al&#233;m da medida Tpe. Estas altera&#231;&#245;es foram encontradas nos eletrocardiogramas (ECGs) realizados em at&#233; 12 h ap&#243;s uso da hero&#237;na, tempo de a&#231;&#227;o de seu metabolito ativo a 6-acetilmorfina. Estas altera&#231;&#245;es encontradas poderiam sinalizar a predisposi&#231;&#227;o de eventos arr&#237;tmicos nesse grupo levando a originar a&#231;&#245;es diagn&#243;sticas e terap&#234;uticas voltadas aos dist&#250;rbios do ritmo e seus riscos.</p>
    <p>Como a depend&#234;ncia a hero&#237;na &#233; muito elevada e sua abstin&#234;ncia insuport&#225;vel, o objetivo terap&#234;utico sempre foi a troca de opioides procurando um menor dano. Com isso a metadona foi utilizada para contrabalan&#231;ar os efeitos danosos da hero&#237;na. Isto fez com que o uso associado impedisse de conhecermos as a&#231;&#245;es card&#237;acas exclusivas da hero&#237;na. Tamb&#233;m &#233; relevante salientar que o uso mais frequente n&#227;o &#233; o inalat&#243;rio e sim o endovenoso, que frequentemente est&#225; associado a adulterantes de a&#231;&#227;o cardiovascular, motivo pelo qual as a&#231;&#245;es card&#237;acas exclusivas da hero&#237;na eram desconhecidas em grande parte at&#233; agora. Os autores de &#8220;Heroin and Electrocardiography- Effect of Heroin on Electrocardigraphy parameters&#8221;<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> conseguiram isolar as a&#231;&#245;es exclusivas da hero&#237;na em par&#226;metros eletrocardiogr&#225;ficos da repolariza&#231;&#227;o ventricular ao incluir no estudo pacientes em tratamento da drogadi&#231;&#227;o que estavam utilizando a buprenorphine que &#233; um opioide agonista parcial sem a&#231;&#245;es que interfiram no ECG. Com isso puderam comparar o ECG de 16 pacientes em uso de hero&#237;na antes e ap&#243;s a parada do seu uso e encontrar como consequ&#234;ncia o aumento do QT e QTc com o afastamento da drogadi&#231;&#227;o. Vale ressaltar que foram apenas 16 de 66 pacientes que finalizaram a proposta terap&#234;utica para a drogadi&#231;&#227;o de hero&#237;na, ou seja 24,24% mostrando a baixa ades&#227;o a esta terapia.</p>
    <p>Os autores de &#8220;Heroin and Electrocardiography- Effect of Heroin on Electrocardigraphy parameters&#8221;<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> agregaram conhecimento a este tema com eleg&#226;ncia deixando claro que novos estudos necessitam ser feitos.</p>
    <p>No campo da m&#250;sica erudita este ano comemoramos o marco de 250 anos do nascimento de Ludwig Van Beethoven, compositor da Sinfonia Eroica apresentada ao mundo em 1804, sendo que a partir de 1895 a &#8220;droga heroica&#8221; compartilhou o mesmo nome, que foi dado por Heinrich Dreser, pesquisador da empresa farmac&#234;utica Friedrich Bayer &amp; Co, fazendo com que o nome comercial adotado por esta droga quando lan&#231;ada no mercado em 1898 fosse Hero&#237;na, at&#233; ser proibida em 1924.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Quanto a Beethoven, n&#243;s continuamos ouvindo sua m&#250;sica at&#233; hoje.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <title>Refer&#234;ncias</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>1. Yildirim E, Selcuk M, Saylik F, Mutluer FO, Deniz O. Efeitos da Hero&#237;na nos Par&#226;metros Eletrocardiogr&#225;ficos. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(6):1135-1141.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Yildirim</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Selcuk</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Saylik</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mutluer</surname>
              <given-names>FO</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Deniz</surname>
              <given-names>O</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Efeitos da Hero&#237;na nos Par&#226;metros Eletrocardiogr&#225;ficos</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>115</volume>
          <issue>6</issue>
          <fpage>1135</fpage>
          <lpage>1141</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation>2. Benos J, Kutsampelas K. ECG examinations in 115 heroin addicts. Med Welt. 1980 26:31(39):1440-2.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Benos</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kutsampelas</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>ECG examinations in 115 heroin addicts</article-title>
          <source>Med Welt</source>
          <year>1980</year>
          <day>26</day>
          <volume>31</volume>
          <issue>39</issue>
          <fpage>1440</fpage>
          <lpage>1442</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B3">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation>3. Hosztafi S, Furst Z. Therapy in heroin addiction. Neuropsychopharmacol Hung. 2014;16(3):127-40.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Hosztafi</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Furst</surname>
              <given-names>Z</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Therapy in heroin addiction</article-title>
          <source>Neuropsychopharmacol Hung</source>
          <year>2014</year>
          <volume>16</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>127</fpage>
          <lpage>140</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B4">
        <label>4</label>
        <mixed-citation>4. Demaret I, Lemaitre A, Ansseau M. Heroin. Rev Med Liege. 2013;68(5-6):287-93.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Demaret</surname>
              <given-names>I</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lemaitre</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ansseau</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Heroin</article-title>
          <source>Rev Med Liege</source>
          <year>2013</year>
          <volume>68</volume>
          <season>5-6</season>
          <fpage>287</fpage>
          <lpage>293</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B5">
        <label>5</label>
        <mixed-citation>5. Nerantzis CE, Couvaris CM, Pastromas SC, Marianou SK, Boghiokas ID, Koutsaftis PN. Histological findings of atrioventricular conductive system in street heroin addicts victims of sudden unexpected death. J Foresnsic Sci. 2013;58(Suppl 1):S99-S104.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Nerantzis</surname>
              <given-names>CE</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Couvaris</surname>
              <given-names>CM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pastromas</surname>
              <given-names>SC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Marianou</surname>
              <given-names>SK</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Boghiokas</surname>
              <given-names>ID</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Koutsaftis</surname>
              <given-names>PN</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Histological findings of atrioventricular conductive system in street heroin addicts victims of sudden unexpected death</article-title>
          <source>J Foresnsic Sci</source>
          <year>2013</year>
          <volume>58</volume>
          <supplement>Suppl 1</supplement>
          <fpage>S99</fpage>
          <lpage>S104</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B6">
        <label>6</label>
        <mixed-citation>6. Nerantzis CE, Koulouris SN, Marianou SK, Pastromas SC, Koutsaftis PN, Agapitos EB. Histologic findings of the sinus node and the perinodal area in street eroin addictis, victims f sudden unexpected death. J Forensic Sci 2011;56(3):645-8.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Nerantzis</surname>
              <given-names>CE</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Koulouris</surname>
              <given-names>SN</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Marianou</surname>
              <given-names>SK</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pastromas</surname>
              <given-names>SC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Koutsaftis</surname>
              <given-names>PN</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Agapitos</surname>
              <given-names>EB</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Histologic findings of the sinus node and the perinodal area in street eroin addictis, victims f sudden unexpected death</article-title>
          <source>J Forensic Sci</source>
          <year>2011</year>
          <volume>56</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>645</fpage>
          <lpage>648</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B7">
        <label>7</label>
        <mixed-citation>7. L&#243;pez-Munoz F, &#193;lamo Gonzalez C. C&#243;mo la hero&#237;na, la coca&#237;na y otras drogas comenzaron siendo medicamentos saludables. [Internet]-Cited in 2020 june 25] Available from: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://theconversation.com/como-la-heroina-la-cocaina-y-otras-drogas-comenzaron-siendo-medicamentos-saludables-140222">https://theconversation.com/como-la-heroina-la-cocaina-y-otras-drogas-comenzaron-siendo-medicamentos-saludables-140222</ext-link>
				</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="webpage">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>L&#243;pez-Munoz</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>&#193;lamo Gonzalez</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <source>C&#243;mo la hero&#237;na, la coca&#237;na y otras drogas comenzaron siendo medicamentos saludables</source>
          <comment>Internet</comment>
          <date-in-citation content-type="cited-date">Cited in 2020 june 25</date-in-citation>
          <comment>
            <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://theconversation.com/como-la-heroina-la-cocaina-y-otras-drogas-comenzaron-siendo-medicamentos-saludables-140222">https://theconversation.com/como-la-heroina-la-cocaina-y-otras-drogas-comenzaron-siendo-medicamentos-saludables-140222</ext-link>
          </comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Efeitos da Hero&#237;na nos Par&#226;metros Eletrocardiogr&#225;ficos</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Heroin by Dreser x Eroica by Beethoven</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4200-9380</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pinho</surname>
            <given-names>Claudio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Pontif&#237;cia Universidade Cat&#243;lica de Campinas, Campinas, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Cl&#237;nica Pinho, Valinhos, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001"><bold>Mailing Address: Claudio Pinho &#8226;</bold> Pontif&#237;cia Universidade Cat&#243;lica de Campinas &#8211; Cardiologia &#8211; Av. John Boyd Dunlop, s/n. Postal Code 13086-900, Campinas, SP &#8211; Brazil E-mail: drcpinho@uol.com.br</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Street Drugs</kwd>
        <kwd>Heroin</kwd>
        <kwd>Cocaine</kwd>
        <kwd>Pharmacology</kwd>
        <kwd>Electrocardiography/methods</kwd>
        <kwd>Analgesics Opioid/therapeutic use</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>As a Classical Music lover, I go to the S&#227;o Paulo Concert Hall frequently. On my way to get there it&#8217;s necessary to drive through an area with high density of addicts on streets, known as Crackland. In that moment I get to see closely the important negative social effects and damage of addiction in its users. Now I meet this issue in a different way, reading the paper: &#8220;Heroin and Electrocardiography- Effect of Heroin on Electrocardiography parameters&#8221;<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> that adds an incremental knowledge in the medical literature about heroin cardiac effects and searches for signals of when this occurs.</p>
      <p>The authors of &#8220;Heroin and Electrocardiography- Effect of Heroin on Electrocardiography parameters&#8221;<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> make it clear that there is little scientific information published in this field. Research in the PubMed shows a 1980 reference called &#8220;ECG examinations 115 heroin addicts&#8221;<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> with no access to the abstract or the full-text contents. Very little was found about this specific topic since then. How can this be explained considering addiction has since then increased in alarming scale? Is there lack of interest by researchers in this area? Are there little financial resources for researchers? Logistical difficulties for studies in this field? Lack of interest in this social group?</p>
      <p>The magnitude of the numbers is striking. Data from the &#8220;World Drug Report&#8221; published in 2019 by &#8220;The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) reveals that 35 million people had some kind of disorder as a consequence of substance abuse and only one person in each seven received treatment.</p>
      <p>Addiction leads to rampant use with risk of death. In the case of heroin, the risk of death is about 1-3% among the addicts and it is most frequently related to respiratory depression<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> although myocardial injury and arrhythmia can occur and may probably be underdiagnosed.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The authors of &#8220;Heroin and Electrocardiography- Effect of Heroin on Electrocardiography parameters&#8221;<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> show an occurrence of abnormalities in the ventricular repolarization of heroin users, specifically decreased QT and QTc interval plus Tpe measure. These abnormalities were found in electrocardiograms performed in up to 12 hours after the use of heroin, the time of action of its active metabolit 6-acethilmorphine. These electrocardiograms abnormalities can be signalizing the predisposition to arrhythmic events in this group leading to therapeutic actions concerning to the rhythm disorders and the specific risks.</p>
      <p>As the heroin dependence is high and its abstinence is unbearable, the therapeutic choice has always been the replacement by other less damaging opioids. In this way, methadone has been used as a substitute with less harmful effects than heroin. This fact has made it difficult to differentiate cardiac effects caused exclusively by heroin. It is also important to mention that the most frequent way of heroin use is intravenous and that many times it is mixed with adulterants which have cardiac effects. There are therefore multiple reasons why the exclusive cardiac actions of heroin were mostly unknown until now. The authors of &#8220;Heroin and Electrocardiography- Effect of Heroin on Electrocardiography parameters&#8221;<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> succeeded in isolating the heroin exclusive actions in ventricular repolarization electrocardiographic parameters by including in the study patients under treatment for addiction who were using buprenorphine, that is a partial agonist opioid that doesn&#8217;t change the parameters of repolarization in the electrocardiogram. In this manner, they could compare the electrocardiogram of 16 patients in the use of heroin before and after they stopped the drug and they were able to find an increase of duration of QT and QTc after discontinuing the addiction. It is important to say that only 16 from 66 (24,24%) patients followed the therapy until the end, showing the low adherence to the treatment.</p>
      <p>The authors of &#8220;Heroin and Electrocardiography- Effect of Heroin on Electrocardiography parameters&#8221;<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> have given us, in an elegant way, a new contribution for the knowledge in this area and they have made it clear that other studies will be necessary to clarify this issue completely.</p>
      <p>In the field of Classical Music, this year we are celebrating 250 years of Ludwig Van Beethoven&#8217;s birthday. He composed the famous &#8220;Eroica Symphony&#8220; in 1804. In 1895, a German researcher named Heinrich Dreser working for the pharmaceutic industry Friedrich Bayer &amp; Co became interested in the potential therapeutic benefits of the diacetylmorphine and called it the &#8220;heroic drug&#8221;. In 1898, the drug was launched in the market and it was called Heroin. This commercial name was adopted until 1924<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> when it was finally prohibited. And about Beethoven, we still keep on listening to his music until today.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Effect of Heroin on Electrocardiographic Parameters</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
