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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">WNB3pGkMQxwYXWm6kCNcF6B</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">01102</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2020001401102</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20201219</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20201219</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Disfun&#231;&#227;o Microvascular Coronariana: Isso Realmente Importa na Doen&#231;a de Chagas?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8801-1828</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Nunes</surname>
            <given-names>Maria do Carmo Pereira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Maria do Carmo Pereira Nunes &#8226; Departamento de Cl&#237;nica M&#233;dica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - Av. Professor Alfredo Balena, 190. CEP 30130-100, Santa Efig&#234;nia, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>mcarmo@waymail.com.br</email>
				</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>18</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>115</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>1102</fpage>
      <lpage>1103</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a de Chagas/fisiopatologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Microcircula&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Fatores de Risco</kwd>
        <kwd>Inflama&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Aterosclerose</kwd>
        <kwd>Isquemia Mioc&#225;rdica</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="12"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>H&#225; um crescente reconhecimento de que os dist&#250;rbios que afetam a estrutura e a fun&#231;&#227;o da microcircula&#231;&#227;o coronariana podem agir como mediadores-chave dos sintomas e progn&#243;stico dos pacientes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> O subconjunto de dist&#250;rbios que afetam a microcircula&#231;&#227;o &#233; denominado disfun&#231;&#227;o microvascular coronariana (DMC), que &#233; expressa como a incapacidade das art&#233;rias coron&#225;rias de se dilatarem de forma adequada para atender &#224; demanda de oxig&#234;nio do mioc&#225;rdio e/ou como a redu&#231;&#227;o abrupta no fluxo sangu&#237;neo coron&#225;rio relacionado ao espasmo coron&#225;rio.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Nas &#250;ltimas 2 d&#233;cadas, a DMC tem sido investigada ativamente em v&#225;rias condi&#231;&#245;es card&#237;acas em um amplo espectro de fatores de risco cardiovascular.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> A disfun&#231;&#227;o microvascular &#233; desencadeada por inflama&#231;&#227;o sist&#234;mica de baixo grau induzida por fatores de risco cardiovascular convencionais, incluindo hipertens&#227;o, diabetes, obesidade, dislipidemia e idade avan&#231;ada.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Esse espectro de anormalidades provavelmente pode ser ampliado pela presen&#231;a de aterosclerose epic&#225;rdica.</p>
    <p>Apesar de extensas investiga&#231;&#245;es, os mecanismos subjacentes &#224; DMC n&#227;o s&#227;o totalmente compreendidos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> V&#225;rios mecanismos funcionando isoladamente ou em combina&#231;&#227;o foram propostos para explicar a patog&#234;nese desse dist&#250;rbio. H&#225; evid&#234;ncias crescentes demonstrando que as anormalidades funcionais, incluindo disfun&#231;&#227;o endotelial e das c&#233;lulas musculares lisas, t&#234;m papel fundamental na regula&#231;&#227;o do fluxo sangu&#237;neo coronariano em resposta &#224;s necessidades card&#237;acas de oxig&#234;nio.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Al&#233;m disso, a aterosclerose difusa nas art&#233;rias coron&#225;rias epic&#225;rdicas tamb&#233;m desempenha um papel ao afetar a fun&#231;&#227;o da microvasculatura. De fato, as evid&#234;ncias contempor&#226;neas apoiam a coexist&#234;ncia da DMC com aterosclerose coronariana obstrutiva na maioria dos pacientes afetados.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Embora n&#227;o haja uma defini&#231;&#227;o universalmente aceita para a DMC,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> ela geralmente &#233; definida como a s&#237;ndrome cl&#237;nica da angina, evid&#234;ncia de isquemia mioc&#225;rdica na aus&#234;ncia de doen&#231;a arterial coronariana obstrutiva.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Como a microcircula&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria est&#225; al&#233;m da resolu&#231;&#227;o da angiografia coronariana, o diagn&#243;stico de DMC &#233; baseado na avalia&#231;&#227;o funcional das art&#233;rias coron&#225;rias, que pode ser realizada por m&#233;todos invasivos e n&#227;o-invasivos. A angiografia coron&#225;ria invasiva com testes de fun&#231;&#227;o da art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria &#233; a abordagem preferencial para avaliar pacientes com DMC. Uma avalia&#231;&#227;o abrangente da fun&#231;&#227;o microvascular inclui o teste dos dois principais mecanismos de disfun&#231;&#227;o microvascular. A vasodilata&#231;&#227;o microvascular do endot&#233;lio deficiente &#233; medida pela reserva de fluxo coronariano (RFC) e pelo &#237;ndice de resist&#234;ncia microcirculat&#243;ria (IRM) e disfun&#231;&#227;o dependente do endot&#233;lio deficiente, que avalia a indu&#231;&#227;o de espasmo epic&#225;rdico ou microvascular ap&#243;s uma inje&#231;&#227;o intracoron&#225;ria de acetilcolina.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> O teste n&#227;o-invasivo pode avaliar apenas marcadores substitutos da fun&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria.</p>
    <p>Em contraste com a doen&#231;a arterial coronariana obstrutiva em que as anormalidades da perfus&#227;o t&#234;m distribui&#231;&#227;o regional, o comprometimento mioc&#225;rdico na DMC pode ser um processo generalizado, resultando em anormalidades difusas da perfus&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> A tomografia por emiss&#227;o de p&#243;sitrons (PET) &#233; o padr&#227;o de refer&#234;ncia para avalia&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o-invasiva do fluxo sangu&#237;neo mioc&#225;rdico.</p>
    <p>Na doen&#231;a de Chagas, estudos experimentais e cl&#237;nicos sustentam a hip&#243;tese de que a DMC pode estar implicada na patog&#234;nese do dano mioc&#225;rdico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> A infec&#231;&#227;o por <italic>T. cruzi</italic> pode levar a anormalidades microvasculares funcionais e estruturais, que contribuem para a isquemia mioc&#225;rdica e sintomas. Semelhante &#224; doen&#231;a arterial coronariana, a cardiomiopatia chag&#225;sica pode afetar o mioc&#225;rdio de maneira regional com anormalidades segmentares da contratilidade. Entretanto, apesar desses achados sugerirem isquemia mioc&#225;rdica, a angiografia coronariana invariavelmente demonstra aus&#234;ncia de aterosclerose obstrutiva afetando as art&#233;rias coron&#225;rias epic&#225;rdicas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Al&#233;m disso, o comprometimento da vasodilata&#231;&#227;o coronariana dependente do endot&#233;lio em resposta &#224; acetilcolina foi relatado em pacientes com cardiomiopatia chag&#225;sica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Ademais, estudos anteriores mostraram anormalidades de perfus&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica em pacientes com art&#233;rias coron&#225;rias epic&#225;rdicas normais, refor&#231;ando o conceito de regula&#231;&#227;o anormal do fluxo mioc&#225;rdico em n&#237;vel microvascular.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Com essa revis&#227;o em mente, &#233; interessante ler o artigo de Campos et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> nesta edi&#231;&#227;o dos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia. Neste estudo, os investigadores avaliaram pacientes encaminhados para angiografia coron&#225;ria invasiva apresentando angina e suspeita de isquemia mioc&#225;rdica. Entre os 1.292 pacientes submetidos &#224; angiografia coron&#225;ria, 247 apresentavam doen&#231;a arterial coronariana epic&#225;rdica n&#227;o-significativa, 101 pacientes preencheram os crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o e foram inclu&#237;dos no estudo. Posteriormente, esses pacientes com suspeita de DMC foram estratificados em dois grupos de acordo com o diagn&#243;stico de doen&#231;a de Chagas, sendo 15 pacientes com doen&#231;a de Chagas e 86 com doen&#231;a n&#227;o-Chagas. Os pacientes com doen&#231;a de Chagas apresentaram maior preval&#234;ncia de anormalidades regionais da contratilidade mioc&#225;rdica e menor fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo em compara&#231;&#227;o com aqueles que tinham suspeita de DMC relacionada aos outros fatores de risco cardiovascular. Este estudo destacou a import&#226;ncia da doen&#231;a de Chagas como potencial etiologia para DMC, independentemente dos fatores de risco convencionais para esse dist&#250;rbio.</p>
    <p>No presente estudo, o diagn&#243;stico de DMC foi baseado na aus&#234;ncia de doen&#231;a coronariana epic&#225;rdica obstrutiva. No entanto, a DMC &#233; definida pela presen&#231;a da reserva de fluxo coronariano limitado e /ou disfun&#231;&#227;o endotelial coronariana associada &#224; tr&#237;ade cl&#225;ssica de dor tor&#225;cica persistente, aus&#234;ncia de doen&#231;a arterial coronariana obstrutiva e evid&#234;ncia objetiva de isquemia mioc&#225;rdica induzida por testes de estresse. De fato, a perfus&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica avaliada pela cintilografia (SPECT) foi realizada apenas em um subgrupo de 19 pacientes (18,8%), o que foi uma limita&#231;&#227;o do estudo. Portanto, mais estudos sobre DMC no contexto da cardiomiopatia chag&#225;sica s&#227;o necess&#225;rios para avan&#231;ar nosso entendimento nesta &#225;rea.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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              <surname>Rabelo</surname>
              <given-names>DR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Rocha</surname>
              <given-names>MO</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Barros</surname>
              <given-names>MV</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Silva</surname>
              <given-names>JL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Tan</surname>
              <given-names>TC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Nunes</surname>
              <given-names>MC</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Impaired coronary flow reserve in patients with indeterminate form of chagas&#8217; disease</article-title>
          <source>Echocardiography</source>
          <year>2014</year>
          <volume>31</volume>
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              <surname>Acquatella</surname>
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            </name>
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              <surname>Condado</surname>
              <given-names>JA</given-names>
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            <name>
              <surname>Dinsmore</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Palacios</surname>
              <given-names>IF</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
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          <year>1995</year>
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        <mixed-citation>12. Campos FA, Magalh&#227;es ML, Moreira HT, Pav&#227;o RB, Lima-Filho MO, Lago IM, et al. Estudo Comparativo da Doen&#231;a Coronariana Microvascular Causada por Doen&#231;a de Chagas e por Outras Etiologias. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(6):1094-1101.</mixed-citation>
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              <surname>Campos</surname>
              <given-names>FA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Magalh&#227;es</surname>
              <given-names>ML</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Moreira</surname>
              <given-names>HT</given-names>
            </name>
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              <surname>Pav&#227;o</surname>
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            </name>
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              <surname>Lima-Filho</surname>
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    </ref-list>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Estudo Comparativo da Doen&#231;a Coronariana Microvascular Causada por Doen&#231;a de Chagas e por Outras Etiologias</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction: Does it Really Matter in Chagas Disease?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8801-1828</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Nunes</surname>
            <given-names>Maria do Carmo Pereira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001"><bold>Mailing Address: Maria do Carmo Pereira Nunes &#8226;</bold> Departamento de Cl&#237;nica M&#233;dica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - Av. Professor Alfredo Balena, 190. Postal Code 30130-100, Santa Efig&#234;nia, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brazil E-mail: mcarmo@waymail.com.br</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Chagas Diseases/physiopathology</kwd>
        <kwd>Microcirculation</kwd>
        <kwd>Risk Factors</kwd>
        <kwd>Inflammation</kwd>
        <kwd>Atherosclerosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial Ischemia</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>There is a growing recognition that disorders affecting the structure and function of the coronary microcirculation can act as key mediators of patient symptoms and prognosis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> The subset of disorders affecting the microcirculation is termed coronary microvascular disease (CMD), which is expressed as either the inability of the coronary arteries to dilate appropriately to meet myocardial oxygen demand and/or as the abrupt reduction in coronary blood flow related to coronary spasm.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>For the past 2 decades, CMD has been actively investigated in various cardiac conditions across a broad spectrum of cardiovascular risk factors.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Microvascular dysfunction is triggered by low-grade systemic inflammation induced by conventional cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, and older age.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> This spectrum of abnormalities may likely be magnified by the presence of epicardial atherosclerosis.</p>
      <p>Despite extensive investigations, the mechanisms underlying CMD are not fully understood.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Several mechanisms operating alone or in combination have been proposed to explain the pathogenesis of this disorder. There is increasing evidence demonstrating that functional abnormalities including endothelial and smooth muscle cell dysfunction have a fundamental role in the regulation of coronary blood flow in response to cardiac oxygen requirements.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Additionally, diffuse atherosclerosis in the epicardial coronary arteries also plays a role in affecting the microvasculature function. Indeed, contemporary evidence supports the coexistence of CMD with obstructive coronary atherosclerosis in most affected patients.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Although there is no universally accepted definition for CMD,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> it is usually defined as the clinical syndrome of angina, evidence of myocardial ischemia in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Since coronary microcirculation is beyond the resolution of coronary angiography, the diagnosis of CMD is based on the functional assessment of the coronary arteries, which can be performed using both invasive and non-invasive methods. Invasive coronary angiography with tests of coronary artery function is the preferential approach to evaluate patients with CMD. A comprehensive assessment of microvascular function includes testing the two main mechanisms of microvascular dysfunction. Impaired endothelium microvascular vasodilatation is measured by coronary flow reserve (CFR) and by the index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR), and impaired endothelium-dependent dysfunction, which evaluates the induction of epicardial or microvascular spasm after an intracoronary injection of acetylcholine.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Non-invasive testing can only evaluate surrogate markers of coronary function.</p>
      <p>In contrast to obstructive coronary artery disease, in which perfusion abnormalities have regional distribution, myocardial impairment in CMD may be a generalized process resulting in diffuse myocardial perfusion abnormalities.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Positron-emission tomography (PET) is the reference standard for non-invasive assessment of myocardial blood flow.</p>
      <p>In the setting of Chagas disease, experimental and clinical studies support the hypothesis that CMD may be implicated in the pathogenesis of myocardial damage.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> . <italic>T. cruzi</italic> infection may lead to functional and structural microvascular abnormalities, which contribute to myocardial ischemia and symptoms. Similar to coronary artery disease, Chagas cardiomyopathy may affect the myocardium in a regional manner, with localized segmental wall motion abnormalities. However, despite these findings suggesting myocardial ischemia, coronary angiography invariably demonstrate the absence of obstructive atherosclerosis affecting the epicardial coronary arteries.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Additionally, impairment of endothelium-dependent coronary vasodilatation in response to acetylcholine has been reported in patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Moreover, previous studies showed myocardial perfusion abnormalities in patients with normal epicardial coronary arteries, supporting the concept of abnormal myocardial flow regulation at the microvascular level.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
      <p>With this revision in mind, it is interesting to read the paper from Campos et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> in this issue of <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</italic> . In this study, the investigators evaluated patients referred for invasive coronary angiography presenting with angina and suspected of myocardial ischemia. Of the 1,292 patients undergoing coronary angiography, 247 had non-significant epicardial coronary artery disease, 101 patients met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in the study. Subsequently, these patients with suspected CMD were stratified into two groups according to the diagnosis of Chagas disease, being 15 patients with Chagas and 86 with non-Chagas disease. The patients with Chagas disease showed a higher prevalence of regional wall motion abnormalities and lower left ventricular ejection fraction, when compared with those who had suspected CMD related to other cardiovascular risk factors. This study highlighted the importance of Chagas disease as a potential etiology for CMD, regardless of conventional risk factors for this disorder.</p>
      <p>In the current study, the diagnosis of CMD was based on the absence of obstructive epicardial coronary obstructive disease. However, CMD is defined by the presence of limited coronary flow reserve and/or coronary endothelial dysfunction associated with the classic triad of persistent chest pain, absence of obstructive coronary artery disease and objective evidence of myocardial ischemia induced by stress tests. Indeed, myocardial perfusion assessed with SPECT scintigraphy was performed only in a subset of 19 patients (18.8%), which was a limitation of the study. Therefore, further studies on CMD in the context of Chagas cardiomyopathy are needed to advance our understanding on this field.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Chagas Cardiomyopathy as the Etiology of Suspected Coronary Microvascular Disease. A Comparison Study with Suspected Coronary Microvascular Disease of Other Etiologies</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
