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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">FHRcpqd3sjN6v7XgV7CQVBq</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2020001300936</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20200517</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20200517</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta Cient&#237;fica</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Infec&#231;&#227;o por COVID-19 em Gestante Cardiopata</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5087-7041</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Holanda</surname>
            <given-names>Lucianna Serfaty de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Vieira</surname>
            <given-names>La&#237;ses</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Campos</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Talita</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2031-3827</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Holanda</surname>
            <given-names>Vitor Bruno Teixeira de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Ivy Almeida Cavalcante e</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Serfaty</surname>
            <given-names>Daniel</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Vieira</surname>
            <given-names>Feliciano Mendes</given-names>
            <suffix>Junior</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Funda&#231;&#227;o Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas Gaspar Vianna do Par&#225;</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Bel&#233;m</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">PA</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Funda&#231;&#227;o Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas Gaspar Vianna do Par&#225;, Bel&#233;m, PA - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Centro Universit&#225;rio do Estado do Par&#225;</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Bel&#233;m</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">PA</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Centro Universit&#225;rio do Estado do Par&#225;, Bel&#233;m, PA - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>3</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Par&#225;</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Bel&#233;m</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">PA</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Par&#225;, Bel&#233;m, PA - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>4</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Metropolitano de Urg&#234;ncia e Emerg&#234;ncia do Par&#225;</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Bel&#233;m</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">PA</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Metropolitano de Urg&#234;ncia e Emerg&#234;ncia do Par&#225;, Bel&#233;m, PA &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Lucianna Serfaty de Holanda</bold> &#8226; Funda&#231;&#227;o Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas Gaspar Vianna do Par&#225; - Travessa Alferes Costas, 2000. CEP <postal-code>66083-106</postal-code>, Bel&#233;m, PA &#8211; Brasil. E-mail: <email>lu_serfaty@hotmail.com</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos Autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Holanda LS e Vieira Junior FM; Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Holanda LS; An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Vieira L, Campos MT; Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Holanda LS, Silva IAC; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Holanda VBT, Serfaty D, Vieira Junior FM.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesses</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>07</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>115</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <fpage>936</fpage>
      <lpage>938</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>26</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>21</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>24</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Gravidez de Alto Risco</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiopatias/complica&#231;&#245;es</kwd>
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia Respirat&#243;ria</kwd>
        <kwd>COVID-19</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronav&#237;rus</kwd>
        <kwd>S&#237;ndrome Respirat&#243;ria Aguda Grave</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="4"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="6"/>
        <page-count count="3"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>Sobre os aspectos obst&#233;tricos da infec&#231;&#227;o COVID-19, &#233; necess&#225;rio considerar que ela &#233; uma doen&#231;a recente, n&#227;o havendo conhecimento espec&#237;fico acerca do assunto para a elabora&#231;&#227;o de protocolos assistenciais. Em decorr&#234;ncia disso, v&#225;rias orienta&#231;&#245;es baseiam-se na compara&#231;&#227;o com infec&#231;&#245;es causadas por outros v&#237;rus (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV e H1N1); portanto, tudo o que existe de evid&#234;ncias atualmente est&#225; sujeito a modifica&#231;&#245;es a partir de novas descobertas.</p>
      <p>As infec&#231;&#245;es causadas por SARS-CoV e MERS-CoV foram limitadas regionalmente, mas os poucos casos obst&#233;tricos publicados apontam a necessidade de suporte avan&#231;ado de vida para as gestantes com grave comprometimento do progn&#243;stico materno. Todos real&#231;am a import&#226;ncia dos cuidados com a dispers&#227;o do v&#237;rus.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref> </p>
      <p>Em uma revis&#227;o publicada, foram selecionados 23 estudos, somando 32 gestantes e 30 rec&#233;m-nascidos. As gestantes se apresentaram assintom&#225;ticas em 22% dos casos, mas 6% necessitaram de cuidados de suporte avan&#231;ado de vida em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI). A via de parto foi a ces&#225;rea em 27 mulheres, e 47% dos partos ocorreram antes de 36 semanas de gesta&#231;&#227;o. Os autores informaram que nenhum caso de morte materna foi observado nessa revis&#227;o. Al&#233;m disso, outra extensa revis&#227;o apontou que at&#233; o momento n&#227;o foi confirmado nenhum caso de transmiss&#227;o vertical desse v&#237;rus.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref> </p>
      <p>H&#225; relatos limitados de s&#233;ries de casos sobre o impacto dos Coronav&#237;rus durante a gravidez. Nas mulheres afetadas por s&#237;ndrome respirat&#243;ria aguda grave (SRAG) ou s&#237;ndrome respirat&#243;ria do Oriente M&#233;dio (SROM), a taxa de mortalidade apareceu mais alta nas que foram afetadas durante a gesta&#231;&#227;o, em compara&#231;&#227;o com as n&#227;o gr&#225;vidas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> </p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Descri&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>Paciente gestante, 26 anos, G3P1A1, com antecedente de valvopatia mitral reum&#225;tica com troca de valva mitral biol&#243;gica h&#225; 9 anos. Hist&#243;rico de interna&#231;&#245;es anteriores, em 2014, para realiza&#231;&#227;o de parto pr&#233;-termo cesariana. Naquele momento, a paciente encontrava-se assintom&#225;tica, do ponto de vista cardiovascular; por isso, n&#227;o houve indica&#231;&#227;o de contracep&#231;&#227;o definitiva por parte da equipe que a avaliou.</p>
      <p>Depois disso, a paciente seguiu em acompanhamento ambulatorial na cardiologia. Em uso de Carvedilol, 3,125 mg 12/12h; AAS, 100 mg/dia; e Penicilina G benzatina, 1.200.000 UI a cada 21 dias.</p>
      <p>Em 31 de outubro de 2019, a mulher apresentou necessidade de interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar, dando entrada no servi&#231;o de pronto-atendimento cardiol&#243;gico devido a novo quadro gestacional de 16 semanas, evoluindo com taquicardia ventricular sustentada com frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca de 140 batimentos por minuto (bpm), press&#227;o arterial de 120 x 70 mmHg, sem sinais cl&#237;nicos de instabilidade hemodin&#226;mica.</p>
      <p>O resultado dos exames laboratoriais do dia da interna&#231;&#227;o estava sem sinais de anemia, dist&#250;rbios da coagula&#231;&#227;o, infec&#231;&#227;o, dist&#250;rbios hidroeletrol&#237;ticos e disfun&#231;&#227;o hep&#225;tica ou renal. Em ultrassonografia (USG) obst&#233;trica de feto &#250;nico, n&#227;o havia sinais de sofrimento fetal.</p>
      <p>Ap&#243;s compensa&#231;&#227;o da arritmia e do quadro cl&#237;nico, a gestante permaneceu internada, foi acompanhada pela equipe de obstetr&#237;cia e avaliada pela cardiologia. Ela realizou um ecocardiograma que evidenciou &#225;trio esquerdo de tamanho aumentado (50 mm), fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o de 64%, &#225;rea valvar da pr&#243;tese de 1,0 cm<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref>, gradiente ventr&#237;culo esquerdo-&#225;trio esquerdo (VE-AE) 12 e press&#227;o sist&#243;lica de art&#233;ria pulmonar 40. A paciente recebeu alta m&#233;dica no dia 5 de novembro de 2019, com orienta&#231;&#227;o de seguimento em ambulat&#243;rio de pr&#233;-natal de alto risco do servi&#231;o.</p>
      <p>N&#227;o obstante, no dia 9 de mar&#231;o de 2020, ela deu entrada na emerg&#234;ncia do servi&#231;o, apresentando quadro de taquicardia com frequ&#234;ncia de 200 bpm e dor em baixo-ventre. O eletrocardiograma evidenciou taquicardia parox&#237;stica supraventricular.</p>
      <p>Naquela data, o exame f&#237;sico da gestante, de 33 semanas e 5 dias, estava sem altera&#231;&#227;o na ausculta pulmonar, sem sinais de instabilidade hemodin&#226;mica, com eupneia em ar ambiente, altura uterina de 33 cm, batimento card&#237;aco fetal de 129 bpm, colo uterino fechado, posterior e grosso, sem perdas ginecol&#243;gicas ou sinais de sangramento. Ap&#243;s medidas cl&#237;nicas, ela retornou ao ritmo sinusal e foi encaminhada &#224; enfermaria obst&#233;trica, onde permaneceu em seguimento com a obstetr&#237;cia, sendo avaliada pela cardiologia. Esta indicou escolha do momento de parto a crit&#233;rio da obstetr&#237;cia e via de parto cesariana com laqueadura depois, devido ao risco cardiovascular da paciente. Al&#233;m disso, indicou digit&#225;lico em caso de novo evento de taquiarritmia. Assim, a gestante recebeu alta m&#233;dica no dia 23 de mar&#231;o 2020, com prescri&#231;&#227;o de carvedilol, 3,125 mg 12/12 h e AAS, 100 mg/dia, bem como manuten&#231;&#227;o da Penicilina G benzatina a cada 21 dias.</p>
      <p>Em 30 de mar&#231;o de 2020, a mulher, agora com 36 semanas e 5 dias de gesta&#231;&#227;o, deu entrada no servi&#231;o de emerg&#234;ncia cardiovascular da Funda&#231;&#227;o Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas Gaspar Vianna (FHCGV), com quadro de febre, tosse produtiva e insufici&#234;ncia respirat&#243;ria aguda. O exame f&#237;sico evidenciou taquipneia em ar ambiente, press&#227;o arterial de 100 x 70 mmHg e ausculta pulmonar com murm&#250;rio vesicular aud&#237;vel com roncos difusos.</p>
      <p>O laborat&#243;rio admissional mostrou as seguintes taxas: hemoglobina, 12,3; hemat&#243;crito, 31,6%; leuc&#243;citos, 20.900, com segmentados, 87,9%; linf&#243;citos, 5%, sem desvio &#224; esquerda; plaquetas, 137.000; &#237;ndice internacional normalizado (INR), 1; tempo de protrombina, 11,7 segundos; tempo de tromboplastina parcial ativada (TTPA), 35 segundos; gasometria arterial p&#243;s-intuba&#231;&#227;o orotraqueal com pH 7,26; press&#227;o parcial de g&#225;s carb&#244;nico sangu&#237;neo (PCO<sub>2</sub>), 50 mmHg; press&#227;o parcial de oxig&#234;nio sangu&#237;neo (PO<sub>2</sub>), 136 mmHg; bicarbonato sangu&#237;neo (HOC3), 22 mEq/L; Excesso de base, &#8722;4; satura&#231;&#227;o de oxig&#234;nio sangu&#237;neo (SatO<sub>2</sub>), 98%; lactato, 1,2 mmol/l; creatinina, 0,7 g/dl; s&#243;dio, 135 mmol/l; pot&#225;ssio, 3,5; magn&#233;sio, 1,8; c&#225;lcio i&#244;nico, 1,13; bilirrubinas totais, 1,36; bilirrubina direta, 0,85; bilirrubina indireta, 0,51; transaminase glut&#226;mico-oxalac&#233;tica (TGO), 27; transaminase glut&#226;mico-pir&#250;vica (TGP), 20; rea&#231;&#227;o em cadeia da polimerase (PCR), 5 (VR &lt; 5).</p>
      <p>Tomografia de t&#243;rax da paciente, com por&#231;&#227;o do &#225;pice com evid&#234;ncia de vidro fosco difuso, predom&#237;nio perif&#233;rico e derrame pleural bilateral (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1</xref>), al&#233;m de 1/3 m&#233;dio com evid&#234;ncia de vidro fosco difuso, tamb&#233;m perif&#233;rico e derrame pleural bilateral (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 2</xref>).</p>
      <fig id="f1">
        <label>Figura 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Tomografia de t&#243;rax da paciente, por&#231;&#227;o do &#225;pice com evid&#234;ncia de vidro fosco difuso, predom&#237;nio perif&#233;rico e derrame pleural bilateral.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-115-05-0936-00517-gf01.tif"/></fig>
      <fig id="f2">
        <label>Figura 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Tomografia de t&#243;rax da paciente, 1/3 m&#233;dio com evid&#234;ncia de vidro fosco difuso, tamb&#233;m com perif&#233;rico e derrame pleural bilateral.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-115-05-0936-00517-gf02.tif"/></fig>
      <p>Foi realizada intuba&#231;&#227;o orotraqueal, colocada em press&#227;o controlada, press&#227;o expirat&#243;ria final positiva (PEEP) 9, frequ&#234;ncia respirat&#243;ria de 20 irpm, volume corrente 300, fra&#231;&#227;o inspirada de oxig&#234;nio (FiO) 30%, com uma rela&#231;&#227;o PO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> de 388. Tamb&#233;m se coletou <bold>swab</bold> nasofar&#237;ngeo e oral, e foi feito PCR para COVID-19 e H1N1. Posteriormente, a paciente foi encaminhada para cesariana e laqueadura de urg&#234;ncia. A cirurgia foi feita sob anestesia geral.</p>
      <p>Depois disso, a mulher foi encaminhada &#224; UTI, permanecendo sedada e com escala de RASS &#8722;5. Ela evoluiu com instabilidade hemodin&#226;mica e tempo de enchimento capilar de mais de 2 segundos, requerendo a introdu&#231;&#227;o de subst&#226;ncias vasoativas (norepinefrina e dobutamina). Foi iniciada, ent&#227;o, prescri&#231;&#227;o de olsetamivir, 75 mg 12/12 h, azitromicina, 500 mg/dia, hidroxicloroquina, 400 mg 12/12 h, piperacilina-tazobactam, 4,5 g 6/6 h, furosemida, 2 ampolas 8/8 h, carbegolina dose &#250;nica para inibir lacta&#231;&#227;o e profilaxia para tromboembolismo pulmonar (TEP) com enoxaparina, 40 mg/dia.</p>
      <p>Ap&#243;s o parto, foi realizada tomografia de t&#243;rax, que evidenciou presen&#231;a de consolida&#231;&#227;o, broncograma a&#233;reo e padr&#227;o em vidro fosco em lobos superiores bilaterais, com derrame pleural discreto bilateralmente.</p>
      <p>No dia 1&#186; de abril de 2020, a paciente teve melhora cl&#237;nica, estabilidade hemodin&#226;mica, com possibilidade de suspens&#227;o dos f&#225;rmacos vasoativos, ainda sob ventila&#231;&#227;o mec&#226;nica, mas j&#225; em press&#227;o de suporte, apresentando aumento da rela&#231;&#227;o PO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> de 644. A seda&#231;&#227;o foi pausada pela manh&#227;.</p>
      <p>Em 2 de abril de 2020, a paciente foi extubada e colocada em cateter de oxig&#234;nio com baixo fluxo. O laborat&#243;rio do dia mostrou: hemoglobina, 8,4; hemat&#243;crito, 255; leuc&#243;citos, 10.190; segmentados, 68%; plaquetas, 137.000; gasometria arterial, 7,43; PCO<sub>2</sub>, 35; PO<sub>2</sub>, 119; base excess, 1; bicarbonato, 24; SatO<sub>2</sub>, 99%; lactato, 1,0.</p>
      <p>No mesmo dia, o exame de PCR para COVID-19 deu positivo. Em 2 de abril de 2020, a paciente foi transferida para a Funda&#231;&#227;o Santa Casa de Miseric&#243;rdia do Par&#225;, servi&#231;o referenciado para manejo de pacientes com COVID-19. L&#225;, deu-se seguimento ao tratamento com olsetamivir, 150 mg/dia, difosfato de cloroquina, 450 mg/dia, azitromicina, 500 mg/dia, e piperacilina-tazobactam, 18 g/dia. No dia 4 de abril de 2020, ela evoluiu com taquiarritmia do tipo supraventricular; no dia 7 entrou em insufici&#234;ncia respirat&#243;ria aguda, necessitando novamente de ventila&#231;&#227;o mec&#226;nica invasiva, al&#233;m de seda&#231;&#227;o e curariza&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      <p>A paciente foi colocada em prona&#231;&#227;o no dia 9 de abril de 2020, por 16 horas, mas manteve assincronia ventilat&#243;ria e baixa rela&#231;&#227;o PO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub>, mesmo ap&#243;s altos t&#237;tulos de PEEP e FiO<sub>2</sub>. No dia 11 de abril de 2020, ela manteve assincronia ventilat&#243;ria, SatO<sub>2</sub> de 50% e baixa rela&#231;&#227;o PO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub>. Ent&#227;o, evoluiu para parada cardiorrespirat&#243;ria em assistolia, sem sucesso ante manobras de reanima&#231;&#227;o, indo a &#243;bito &#224;s 10h10.</p>
      <p>O rec&#233;m-nascido nasceu em sofrimento fetal e bradic&#225;rdico, necessitando de manobras de reanima&#231;&#227;o; Apgar 2/6/7, l&#237;quido amni&#243;tico claro e sem grumos, peso ao nascer 2,750 kg, estatura 50 cm, per&#237;metro cef&#225;lico, tor&#225;cico e abdominal de 34, 32 e 31 cm, respectivamente. Ele foi encaminhado para UTI neonatal ao nascer e permaneceu em ventila&#231;&#227;o mec&#226;nica do dia 30 de mar&#231;o at&#233; o dia 8 de abril de 2020. Continuou internado at&#233; o dia 21 de abril de 2020, recebendo alta m&#233;dica restabelecido. Foi feito exame para COVID-19 no RN no dia 21 de abril de 2020, ap&#243;s confirma&#231;&#227;o do diagn&#243;stico materno por PCR, mas o resultado foi negativo.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclus&#245;es</title>
      <p>Existem poucos estudos sobre o impacto do novo Coronav&#237;rus na gesta&#231;&#227;o, uma vez que as pandemias de SARS e MERS que ocorreram antes foram limitadas geograficamente. Esse foi o primeiro caso de gestante com SARS COVID-19 no norte do estado do Par&#225;, fato esse agravado pela cardiopatia gestacional associada ao quadro infeccioso.</p>
      <p>Diante da escassez de dados sobre a infec&#231;&#227;o por COVID-19 em gestantes e, em especial, gestantes cardiopatas, torna-se imprescind&#237;vel o estudo e o conhecimento de como essa doen&#231;a se comporta nesse grupo de pacientes e quais as poss&#237;veis consequ&#234;ncias tanto para a m&#227;e como para o rec&#233;m-nascido.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by" id="fn1">
        <p>
          <bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>
        </p>
        <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
        <p>
          <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
        </p>
        <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn3">
        <p>
          <bold>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#201;tica e Consentimento Informado</bold>
        </p>
        <p>Este artigo n&#227;o cont&#233;m estudos com humanos ou animais realizados por nenhum dos autores.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Letter</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>COVID-19 Infection in a Cardiopatic Pregnant Woman</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5087-7041</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Holanda</surname>
            <given-names>Lucianna Serfaty de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Vieira</surname>
            <given-names>La&#237;ses</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Campos</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Talita</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2031-3827</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Holanda</surname>
            <given-names>Vitor Bruno Teixeira de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Ivy Almeida Cavalcante e</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Serfaty</surname>
            <given-names>Daniel</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Vieira</surname>
            <given-names>Feliciano Mendes</given-names>
            <suffix>Junior</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff5">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Bel&#233;m</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">PA</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Funda&#231;&#227;o Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas Gaspar Vianna do Par&#225;, Bel&#233;m, PA - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff6">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Bel&#233;m</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">PA</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Centro Universit&#225;rio do Estado do Par&#225;, Bel&#233;m, PA - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff7">
          <label>3</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Bel&#233;m</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">PA</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Par&#225;, Bel&#233;m, PA - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff8">
          <label>4</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Bel&#233;m</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">PA</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Metropolitano de Urg&#234;ncia e Emerg&#234;ncia do Par&#225;, Bel&#233;m, PA &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Lucianna Serfaty de Holanda</bold> &#8226; Funda&#231;&#227;o Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas Gaspar Vianna do Par&#225; - Travessa Alferes Costas, 2000. Postal Code <postal-code>66083-106</postal-code>, Bel&#233;m, PA &#8211; Brazil. E-mail: <email>lu_serfaty@hotmail.com</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author Contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research and Acquisition of data: Holanda LS and Vieira Junior FM; Acquisition of data: Holanda LS; Analysis and interpretation of the data: Vieira L, Campos MT; Writing of the manuscript: Holanda LS, Silva IAC; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Holanda VBT, Serfaty D, Vieira Junior FM.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Pregnancy, High-Risk</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Diseases/complications, Respiratory Insufficiency</kwd>
        <kwd>COVID-19</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronavirus</kwd>
        <kwd>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>Regarding the obstetric aspects of COVID-19 infection, one should consider that it is a recent disease, with no specific knowledge on the theme to draft medical care protocols. For this reason, various guidelines are based on its comparison with infections caused by other viruses (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and H1N1); therefore, all information concerning current evidence on the issue is subject to change due to new discoveries.</p>
        <p>Infections caused by SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV have tended to be regionally bound, but the few obstetric cases published in the literature point to the need for advanced medical support for pregnant women with severe involvements identified in maternal prognoses. All of these highlight the importance of care against the dissemination of the virus.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref> </p>
        <p>In a recently published literature review, 23 studies were selected, including 32 pregnant women and 30 newborns. The pregnant women were asymptomatic in 22% of the cases, but 6% required advanced life support medical care in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Births were performed through Caesarean section (C-section) in 27 women, and 47% of the births occurred before 36 weeks of gestation. The authors informed that no case of maternal death was observed in this review. Likewise, another extensive literature review pointed out that, to date, no case of the vertical transmission of this virus has been confirmed.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref> </p>
        <p>Case series on the impact of Coronavirus during pregnancy are scarce in the literature. In women affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) or Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), the mortality rate proved to be higher in those affected during pregnancy, as compared to those women who were not pregnant.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> </p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Description</title>
        <p>This study examines a 26-year-old, pregnant woman, G3P1A1, with a medical history of rheumatic mitral valve disease, who underwent a biological mitral valve replacement nine years ago. This patient presented a medical history of previous hospitalizations, in 2014, for a C-section, pre-term birth. At that moment, the patient was asymptomatic, from the cardiovascular point of view, and for this reason, there was no recommendation of a definitive contraception prescribed by the team that evaluated the patient.</p>
        <p>After, the patient underwent an outpatient cardiologic follow-up, prescribed with Carvedilol, 3,125 mg 12/12h; AAS, 100 mg/day; and Benzathine Penicillin G, 1.200.000 UI, every 21 days.</p>
        <p>On October 31, 2019, the woman required hospitalization, and received medical care at the cardiologic emergency clinic due to a new 16-week gestational condition, evolving to sustained ventricular tachycardia, with a heart rate of 140 beats per minute (BPM), blood pressure of 120 x 70 mmHg, with no clinical signs of hemodynamic instability.</p>
        <p>The result of the laboratory exams on the day of hospitalization showed no signs of anemia, coagulation disorders, infection, hydro-electrolyte imbalance, or hepatic or renal dysfunction. In an obstetric ultrasound (US) of a single fetus, no signs of fetal distress were observed.</p>
        <p>After compensating for both the arrhythmia and the clinical condition, the pregnant woman remained in the hospital, receiving medical care from the obstetrics team and evaluation from the cardiology team. She was submitted to an echocardiogram, which showed evidence of a swollen left atrium (50mm), an ejection fraction of 64%, a prosthesis valve area of 1.0 cm<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref>, a left ventricle-left atrium (LV-LA) gradient of 12 and a pulmonary artery systolic blood pressure of 40. The patient received hospital discharge on November 5, 2019, with the medical advice to continue in outpatient follow-up for high-risk pre-natal care.</p>
        <p>Nonetheless, on November 9, 2020, the patient was once again admitted to the emergency clinic, with a medical condition of tachycardia, with a heart rate of 200 BPM and lower abdominal pain. The electrocardiogram revealed paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.</p>
        <p>On that date, the patient's physical exam, of 33 weeks and 5 days, showed no change in pulmonary auscultation, with no signs of hemodynamic instability, with eupnea in ambient air, a uterine height of 33 cm, a fetal heartbeat of 129 BPM, a closed posterior and thick cervix, with no gynecological losses or signs of bleeding. After the clinical measures, she returned to the sinus rhythm and was referred to the obstetric infirmary, where she remained in follow-up with the obstetrics team and was evaluated by the cardiology team. The cardiology team recommended choosing the birth time according to the criteria established by the obstetrics team and through a C-section, with subsequent sterilization due to the patient's cardiovascular risk. This team also recommended the use of cardiac glycosides should a new event of tachycardia occur. Thus, the patient received hospital discharge on March 23, 2020, with a prescription of carvedilol, 3.125 mg 12/12 h and AAS, 100 mg/day, as well as the continuance of Benzathine Penicillin G, every 21 days.</p>
        <p>On March 30, 2020, the patient, now at 36 weeks and 5 days of gestation, was admitted to the cardiovascular emergency clinic at Funda&#231;&#227;o Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas Gaspar Vianna (FHCGV), with a fever, a productive cough, and severe respiratory insufficiency. The physical exam showed evidence of tachypnea in ambient air, with a blood pressure of 100 x 70 mmHg, and pulmonary auscultation with an audible vesicular murmur with diffuse rumbles.</p>
        <p>The admissions laboratory reported the following rates: hemoglobin, 12.3; hematocrit, 31.6%; leukocytes, 20,900, segmented, 87.9%; lymphocytes, 5%; with no left deviation; platelets, 137,000; normalized international ratio (INR), 1; prothrombin time, 11.7 seconds; partial thromboplastin time (PTT), 35 seconds; post-orotreacheal intubation arterial-blood gas, with a pH of 7.26; partial pressure of blood carbon dioxide (PCO<sub>2</sub>), 50 mmHg; partial pressure of blood oxygen (PO<sub>2</sub>), 136 mmHg; blood bicarbonate (HOC3), 22 mEq/L; base excess, &#8722;4; saturation of blood oxygen (SatO<sub>2</sub>), 98%; lactate, 1.2 mmol/l; creatinine, 0.7 g/dl; sodium, 135 mmol/l; patassium, 3.5; magnesium, 1.8; ionized calcium, 1.13; total bilirubin, 1.36; direct bilirubin, 0.85; indirect bilirubin, 0.51; aspartate transaminase (AST), 27; glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), 20; polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 5 (VR &lt; 5).</p>
        <p>Tomography of the patient's chest, with apex portion with evidence of diffuse ground glass, peripheral predominance and bilateral pleural effusion (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">figure 1</xref>), in addition to 1/3 medium with evidence of diffuse ground glass, also peripheral and bilateral pleural effusion (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">figure 2</xref>).</p>
        <fig id="f3">
          <label>Figure 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Patient's chest X-ray, portion of the apex with evidence of a diffuse ground-glass pattern, peripheral predominance, and bilateral pleural effusion.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-115-05-0936-00517-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
        <fig id="f4">
          <label>Figure 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Patient's chest X-ray, 1/3 average with evidence of a diffuse ground-glass pattern, also with peripheral predominance and bilateral pleural effusion.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-115-05-0936-00517-gf02-en.tif"/></fig>
        <p>An orotracheal intubation was performed, placed under controlled blood pressure, positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) 9, respiratory rate of 20 irpm, tidal volume of 300, fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO) of 30%, with a PO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> relation of 388. Nasopharyngeal and oral swabs were also collected, and a PCR was performed to detect COVID-19 and H1N1. Later, the patient was referred for a C-section and urgent sterilization. The surgery was performed under general anesthesia.</p>
        <p>After the operation, the patient was sent to the ICU, remaining sedated, considering a &#8722;5 Rass scale. She evolved with hemodynamic instability and a capillary refill time of more than 2 seconds, requiring the introduction of vasoactive substances (norepinephrine and dobutamine). The following prescription was then begun: olsetamivir, 75 mg 12/12 h; azithromycin, 500 mg/day; hydroxychloroquine, 400 mg 12/12 h; piperacillin-tazobactam, 4.5 g 6/6 h; furosemide, 2 ampoules 8/8 h; carbegoline in a single dose to inhibit lactation; and prophylaxis for pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) with enoxaparin, 40 mg/day.</p>
        <p>After the birth, a chest X-ray was performed, which showed the presence of consolidation, standard air bronchogram in a ground-glass pattern in the bilateral superior lobes, with discrete bilateral pleural effusion.</p>
        <p>On April 1, 2020, the patient showed clinical improvement, hemodynamic stability, with the possibility to suspend the vasoactive drugs, still under mechanical ventilation, but now on pressure support, presenting an increase in the PO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> relation of 644. Sedation was paused in the morning.</p>
        <p>On April 2, 2020, the patient was extubated, and a catheter for low-flow oxygen was implemented. The daytime laboratory showed: hemoglobin, 8.4; hematocrit, 255; leukocytes, 10.190, segmented, 68%; platelets, 137.000; arterial-blood gas, 7.43; PCO<sub>2</sub>, 35; PO<sub>2</sub>, 119; base excess, 1; bicarbonate, 24; SatO<sub>2</sub>, 99%; lactate, 1.0.</p>
        <p>On the same day, the PCR exam for COVID-19 was positive. On April 2, 2020, the patient was transferred to the Funda&#231;&#227;o Santa Casa de Miseric&#243;rdia do Par&#225;, a reference service for the handling of COVID-19 patients. There, the patient underwent treatment with olsetamivir, 150 mg/day, chloroquine diphosphate, 450 mg/day; azithromycin, 500 mg/day; and piperacillin-tazobactam, 18 g/day. On April 4, 2020, she evolved to a supraventricular tachyarrhythmia, and on April 7<sup>th</sup>, she presented acute respiratory failure, again requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, in addition to sedation and curarization.</p>
        <p>The patient was placed in pronation on April 9, 2020, for 16 hours, but the ventilatory asynchrony and a low PO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> relation were maintained, even after high PEEP and FiO<sub>2</sub> levels. On April 11, 2020, the patient was kept on ventilatory asynchrony, SatO<sub>2</sub> of 50%, and a low PO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> relation. She then evolved to a cardiac arrest with asystole, with an unsuccessful attempt to revive the patient, who died at 10:10am.</p>
        <p>The newborn was born in bradycardia and fetal distress, requiring resuscitation; Apgar 2/6/7, clear and smooth amniotic liquid, with a birth weight of 2.750 kg, birth length of 50 cm, cephalic, thoracic, and abdominal perimeter de 34, 32, and 31 cm, respectively. He was sent to the neonatal ICU upon birth and remained under mechanical ventilation from March 30<sup>th</sup> to April 8<sup>th</sup>, 2020. He continued to be hospitalized until April 21, 2020, when, fully recovered, he received hospital discharge. A COVID-19 exam was performed in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, on April 21, 2020, after confirmation from the maternal diagnosis by PCR, but the result was negative.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclusions</title>
        <p>Few studies exist in the literature about the impact of the new Coronavirus in pregnant women, given that the SARS and MERTS pandemics, which occurred before the COVID-19 pandemic, were geographically limited. This was the first case of a pregnant woman with SARS COVID-19 in the northern region of the state of Par&#225;, a fact that was aggravated by gestational cardiopathy associated with an infectious clinical condition.</p>
        <p>The lack of data on infections caused by COVID-19 in cardiopathic pregnant women makes it imperative to study and understand how this disease behaves in this patient group and what the possible consequences both for the mother and the newborn are.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by" id="fn4">
          <p>
            <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
          </p>
          <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn5">
          <p>
            <bold>Study Association</bold>
          </p>
          <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn6">
          <p>
            <bold>Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate</bold>
          </p>
          <p>This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
