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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">MdnrNBbjcFk3rFqKvLgcLPy</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2020001300905</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20200574</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20200574</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Os Estudos da Reatividade Microvascular Contribuem na Pr&#225;tica Cl&#237;nica?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2806-743X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Cunha</surname>
            <given-names>Claudio Leinig Pereira da</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Paran&#225;</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Cl&#237;nica M&#233;dica</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Curitiba</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Paran&#225; - Cl&#237;nica M&#233;dica, Curitiba, PR &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Claudio Leinig Pereira da Cunha</bold> &#8226; Universidade Federal do Paran&#225; - Cl&#237;nica M&#233;dica - Rua Olavo Bilac, 181. CEP <postal-code>80440-040</postal-code>, Curitiba, PR &#8211; Brasil. E-mail: <email>cpcunha@cardiol.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>07</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>115</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <fpage>905</fpage>
      <lpage>906</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Obesidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Adiposidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Biomarcadores</kwd>
        <kwd>Endot&#233;lio/fun&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Estresse Oxidativo</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="17"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Apreciamos nesta publica&#231;&#227;o o artigo &#8220;<italic>Estudo da reatividade microvascular em pacientes hipertensos com adiposidade corporal elevada&#8221;,</italic> por D'El-Rei et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> Trata-se de investiga&#231;&#227;o complexa, abordando pacientes com hipertens&#227;o arterial sob tratamento, com inclus&#227;o de v&#225;rios modelos para avalia&#231;&#227;o da obesidade e diversos par&#226;metros hemodin&#226;micos e circulat&#243;rios que s&#227;o estudados neste cen&#225;rio. A reatividade microvascular foi avaliada utilizando o m&#233;todo <italic>Laser Speckle Contrast Image</italic> em combina&#231;&#227;o com a hiperemia reativa p&#243;s-oclus&#227;o, estudando a fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial nesta popula&#231;&#227;o de pacientes.</p>
    <p>As c&#233;lulas endoteliais constituem um &#243;rg&#227;o que se distribui por todo o corpo, formando uma interface din&#226;mica com todos os outros &#243;rg&#227;os. O endot&#233;lio mede o t&#244;nus vasomotor, regula o tr&#225;fego de c&#233;lulas e nutrientes, mant&#233;m a fluidez do corpo, contribui para o balan&#231;o entre mediadores pr&#243;- e anti-inflamat&#243;rios, modula a atividade pr&#243;-coagulante e anticoagulante, participa na forma&#231;&#227;o de novos vasos sangu&#237;neos, orquestra o desenvolvimento de &#243;rg&#227;os, participa da imunidade, interage com as c&#233;lulas sangu&#237;neas circulantes e se submete &#224; morte celular programada.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref> </p>
    <p>A camada endotelial possui caracter&#237;sticas aut&#243;crinas, par&#225;crinas e end&#243;crinas diversas; o que se designa <italic>fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial</italic> engloba uma s&#233;rie de propriedades favor&#225;veis &#224; sa&#250;de vascular, constitu&#237;das por: t&#244;nus vascular relaxado, baixo n&#237;vel de estresse oxidativo, efeitos anti-inflamat&#243;rios, efeitos anti-proliferativos da musculatura lisa, inibi&#231;&#227;o da ades&#227;o e migra&#231;&#227;o leucocit&#225;rias, inibi&#231;&#227;o da agrega&#231;&#227;o plaquet&#225;ria, efeitos anticoagulantes e pr&#243;-fibrinol&#237;ticos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref> </p>
    <p>Em decorr&#234;ncia da ampla distribui&#231;&#227;o do endot&#233;lio no organismo e das v&#225;rias atividades desempenhadas, com fisiopatologia extremamente complexa, &#233; f&#225;cil entender que existam v&#225;rias formas de se avaliar a fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial, com diferentes est&#237;mulos aplicados em vasos de diferentes s&#237;tios. A disfun&#231;&#227;o endotelial &#233; o passo inicial para a aterosclerose e participa no seu desenvolvimento, aumentando o risco de doen&#231;as cardiovasculares. Portanto &#233; clinicamente importante que se avalie a fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial por uma determinada t&#233;cnica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref> </p>
    <p>A primeira demonstra&#231;&#227;o de disfun&#231;&#227;o endotelial foi feita nas art&#233;rias coron&#225;rias em 1986 por Ludmer et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref> usando infus&#227;o intracoron&#225;ria de acetilcolina.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref> Posteriormente, t&#233;cnicas menos invasivas foram desenvolvidas usando principalmente a circula&#231;&#227;o do antebra&#231;o como substituta da coronariana. O princ&#237;pio b&#225;sico das v&#225;rias t&#233;cnicas &#233; similar: as art&#233;rias saud&#225;veis (coron&#225;rias, braquiais ou digitais) dilatam em resposta a est&#237;mulos como a hiperemia reativa ou a infus&#227;o intra-arterial de vasodilatadores dependentes do endot&#233;lio (acetilcolina, bradicinina ou serotonina, via libera&#231;&#227;o de &#243;xido n&#237;trico, prostaciclina ou outras subst&#226;ncias vasodilatadoras).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> A resposta vasodilatadora &#224; hiperemia reativa (vasodilata&#231;&#227;o fluxo-mediada) ocorre por um mecanismo denominado estresse de cisalhamento (<italic>shear stress</italic>), em que o fluxo sangu&#237;neo aumentado ap&#243;s um represamento e s&#250;bita libera&#231;&#227;o, atua como for&#231;a de tra&#231;&#227;o, atrav&#233;s de um vetor perpendicular ao eixo vascular. O endot&#233;lio nesta ocasi&#227;o funciona como um mecanotransdutor, percebe o <italic>shear stress</italic> e modifica sua constitui&#231;&#227;o par&#225;crina, liberando fatores vasoativos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref> Na doen&#231;a, esta dilata&#231;&#227;o dependente do endot&#233;lio est&#225; reduzida ou ausente.</p>
    <p>Na sequ&#234;ncia do desenvolvimento cient&#237;fico e tecnol&#243;gico, v&#225;rias t&#233;cnicas foram descritas para o estudo da fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial: Pletismografia com <italic>strain gauge</italic> no antebra&#231;o (1990),<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> Vasodilata&#231;&#227;o fluxo-mediada com ultrassom de alta resolu&#231;&#227;o no antebra&#231;o (1992),<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref> Hiperemia reativa no dedo estudada com Tonometria arterial perif&#233;rica (2003),<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref> Vasodilata&#231;&#227;o fluxo-mediada avaliada por oscilometria (2013)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref> e pelo &#205;ndice de perfus&#227;o derivado da oximetria de pulso (2014).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref> </p>
    <p>Na investiga&#231;&#227;o reportada nesta revista<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> foi empregada a hiperemia reativa p&#243;s-oclus&#227;o, sendo a perfus&#227;o avaliada pelo m&#233;todo <italic>Laser Speckle Contrast Image</italic>. Esta t&#233;cnica &#233; baseada nas altera&#231;&#245;es din&#226;micas da luz dispersa por sua intera&#231;&#227;o com os gl&#243;bulos vermelhos ao iluminar determinado tecido biol&#243;gico, e tem sido utilizada em diversas &#225;reas m&#233;dicas como reumatologia, dermatologia, queimaduras, oftalmologia, neurologia, cirurgia gastrointestinal. Sua aplica&#231;&#227;o na an&#225;lise cardiovascular &#233; recente.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref> </p>
    <p>O estudo da fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial tem sido foco de muitas observa&#231;&#245;es nos &#250;ltimos 30 anos e tem posi&#231;&#227;o sedimentada na &#225;rea da investiga&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dica. Novos horizontes de pesquisa t&#234;m sido buscados, com muitos cientistas se dedicando ao estudo do metabolismo do endot&#233;lio, &#224; caracteriza&#231;&#227;o de varia&#231;&#245;es gen&#233;ticas em genes ateroprotetores e na procura de novas estrat&#233;gias terap&#234;uticas dirigidas &#224; disfun&#231;&#227;o endotelial.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref> </p>
    <p>A ampla gama de conhecimento cient&#237;fico sobre a fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial, t&#227;o importante conceito fisiol&#243;gico, busca a sua melhor aplica&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dica. Alguns pontos que implicam em associa&#231;&#227;o com o cen&#225;rio cl&#237;nico podem ser salientados:</p>
    <list list-type="order">
      <list-item>
        <p><bold>A fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial contribui como um marcador de risco cardiovascular:</bold> extensa literatura documenta que a disfun&#231;&#227;o endotelial &#233; associada com quase todas as condi&#231;&#245;es que predisp&#245;e &#224; aterosclerose e doen&#231;a cardiovascular (hipertens&#227;o arterial, fumo, dislipidemia, envelhecimento, diabetes, obesidade, hiperhomocisteinemia, doen&#231;as inflamat&#243;rias ou infecciosas).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref> </p>
      </list-item>
      <list-item>
        <p><bold>A fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial fornece informa&#231;&#245;es progn&#243;sticas:</bold> Nos estudos <italic>Cardiovascular Health Study</italic><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref> e o <italic>Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis</italic><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16"><sup>16</sup></xref> a avalia&#231;&#227;o da fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial com a vasodilata&#231;&#227;o fluxo-mediada previu eventos cardiovasculares adversos a longo prazo em adi&#231;&#227;o &#224; an&#225;lise dos fatores de risco tradicionais. Conforme Menezes et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref> pacientes com choque s&#233;ptico tiveram informa&#231;&#245;es progn&#243;sticas segundo os achados do &#237;ndice de perfus&#227;o durante o teste de oclus&#227;o vascular.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref> </p>
      </list-item>
      <list-item>
        <p><bold>A fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial contribui ao acompanhamento da terap&#234;utica:</bold> Interven&#231;&#245;es terap&#234;uticas por agentes farmacol&#243;gicos (estatinas, inibidores da enzima conversora da angiotensina, bloqueadores dos receptores da angiotensina, bloqueadores dos canais do c&#225;lcio, alguns betabloqueadores) ou modifica&#231;&#245;es de estilo de vida (exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico, redu&#231;&#227;o do peso, aboli&#231;&#227;o do fumo, medidas diet&#233;ticas) podem melhorar a fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial, o que pode ser constatado com melhora evolutiva dos &#237;ndices que avaliam este par&#226;metro.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> As medidas da fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial podem ajudar a diferenciar os respondedores dos n&#227;o-respondedores &#224;s terapias pesquisadas.</p>
      </list-item>
    </list>
    <p>Assim, o estudo da fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial se mostra com muitas propriedades que a qualificam para o emprego cl&#237;nico, o que, todavia, n&#227;o tem ocorrido. A recente Diretriz de Preven&#231;&#227;o Cardiovascular da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17"><sup>17</sup></xref> n&#227;o analisa esta possibilidade de investiga&#231;&#227;o para os pacientes cardiol&#243;gicos, assim como as diretrizes americanas ou europeias. Entendemos que tal ocorra justamente por existirem pesquisas dispersas, com diferentes metodologias aplicadas. Busca-se um teste ideal para a an&#225;lise da fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial. Entre suas caracter&#237;sticas, recomenda-se: 1) deve refletir o estado da doen&#231;a; 2) ser revers&#237;vel com interven&#231;&#245;es; 3) melhorar a estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco; 4) reprodut&#237;vel; 5) operador independente; 6) n&#227;o-invasivo; 7) f&#225;cil de usar; 8) baixo custo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> </p>
    <p>Entende-se que os estudos da fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial possam propiciar uma melhor avalia&#231;&#227;o do risco cardiovascular que os escores atuais, conduzindo a uma an&#225;lise funcional integrada. Julga-se que o m&#233;todo se aplica &#224; melhor caracteriza&#231;&#227;o dos pacientes classificados como risco intermedi&#225;rio pelos sistemas de escores. Existe potencial para contribuir na escolha de terap&#234;uticas e no acompanhamento destes pacientes.</p>
    <p>Em conclus&#227;o, s&#227;o necess&#225;rios estudos com grande n&#250;mero de pacientes, com desenhos cuidadosamente planejados e meticulosa escolha do teste ou combina&#231;&#227;o de testes da fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial a serem inclu&#237;dos, buscando uma padroniza&#231;&#227;o da metodologia para maior introdu&#231;&#227;o da t&#233;cnica na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>
          <italic>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Estudo da Reatividade Microvascular em Pacientes Hipertensos com Adiposidade Corporal Elevada</italic>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Do Microvascular Reactivity Studies Contribute to Clinical Practice?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2806-743X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Cunha</surname>
            <given-names>Claudio Leinig Pereira da</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Curitiba</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Paran&#225; - Cl&#237;nica M&#233;dica, Curitiba, PR &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Claudio Leinig Pereira da Cunha</bold> &#8226; Universidade Federal do Paran&#225; - Cl&#237;nica M&#233;dica - Rua Olavo Bilac, 181. Postal Code <postal-code>80440-040</postal-code>, Curitiba, PR &#8211; Brazil. E-mail: <email>cpcunha@cardiol.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Hypertension</kwd>
        <kwd>Obesity</kwd>
        <kwd>Adiposity</kwd>
        <kwd>Biomarkers</kwd>
        <kwd>Endothelium/function</kwd>
        <kwd>Oxidative Stress</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>We appraise in this publication the article &#8220;<italic>Microvascular Reactivity in Hypertensive Patients with High Body Adiposity&#8221;</italic>, by D'El-Rei et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> This is a complex investigation, assessing patients with Arterial Hypertension undergoing treatment, with the inclusion of several models for obesity assessment and several hemodynamic and circulatory parameters, which are studied in this scenario. Microvascular reactivity was evaluated using the Laser Speckle Contrast Image method in combination with Post-occlusive Reactive Hyperemia, therefore studying the endothelial function in this patient population.</p>
      <p>Endothelial cells constitute an organ that is distributed throughout the body, comprising a dynamic interface with all other organs. The endothelium mediates vasomotor tone, regulates cell and nutrient traffic, maintains body fluidity, contributes to the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators, modulates procoagulant and anticoagulant activity, participates in the formation of new blood vessels, orchestrates organ development, participates in immunity, interacts with circulating blood cells and undergoes programmed cell death.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref> </p>
      <p>The endothelial layer has diverse autocrine, paracrine and endocrine characteristics; what is called endothelial function encompasses a series of properties favorable to vascular health, consisting of: relaxed vascular tone, low level of oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory effects, anti-proliferative effects of smooth muscle, inhibition of leukocyte adhesion and migration, platelet aggregation inhibition, anticoagulant and pro-fibrinolytic effects.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref> </p>
      <p>Due to the wide distribution of the endothelium in the body and the several activities performed, with extremely complex pathophysiology, it is easy to understand that there are several ways to evaluate the endothelial function, with different stimuli applied to vessels in different sites. Endothelial dysfunction is the initial step towards atherosclerosis and participates in its development, increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases, so it is clinically important to evaluate endothelial function using a certain technique.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref> </p>
      <p>The first demonstration of endothelial dysfunction was performed in the coronary arteries in 1986 by Ludmer et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref> using intra-coronary infusion of acetylcholine.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref> Subsequently, less invasive techniques were developed using mainly the forearm circulation as a replacement for the coronary artery. The basic principle of the several techniques is similar: healthy arteries (coronary, brachial or digital) dilate in response to stimuli, such as reactive hyperemia or intra-arterial infusion of endothelium-dependent vasodilators (acetylcholine, bradykinin or serotonin, via the release of nitric oxide, prostacyclin or other vasodilating substances).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> The vasodilation response to reactive hyperemia (flow-mediated vasodilation) occurs by a mechanism called shear stress, in which the increased blood flow after a blocking and sudden release, acts as stress force through a vector perpendicular to the vascular axis. The endothelium on this occasion acts as a mechanotransducer, perceives the shear stress and modifies its paracrine constitution, releasing vasoactive factors.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref> In the presence of disease, this endothelium-dependent dilation is reduced or absent.</p>
      <p>Following scientific and technological development, several techniques have been described for the study of endothelial function: Plethysmography with strain gauge on the forearm (1990),<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> Flow-mediated vasodilation with high resolution ultrasound on the forearm (1992),<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref> Reactive hyperemia on the finger studied with peripheral arterial tonometry (2003),<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref> flow-mediated vasodilation assessed by oscillometry (2013)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref> and the perfusion index derived from pulse oximetry (2014).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref> </p>
      <p>In the investigation reported in this journal,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> post-occlusive reactive hyperemia was used, and the perfusion was evaluated using the Laser Speckle Contrast Image method. This technique is based on dynamic changes in scattered light due to its interaction with red blood cells when illuminating certain biological tissue and it has been used in several medical areas such as rheumatology, dermatology, burns, ophthalmology, neurology, and gastrointestinal surgery. Its application in cardiovascular analysis is recent.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref> </p>
      <p>The study of endothelial function has been the focus of many observations in the last 30 years and has a solid position in the area of medical research. New research horizons have been sought, with many scientists dedicated to the study of the endothelial metabolism, the characterization of genetic variations in atheroprotective genes and the search for new therapeutic strategies aimed at endothelial dysfunction.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref> </p>
      <p>The wide range of scientific knowledge on endothelial function, an important physiological concept, seeks its best medical application. Some points that imply in the association with the clinical scenario can be highlighted:</p>
      <list list-type="order">
        <list-item>
          <p><bold>Endothelial function contributes as a marker of cardiovascular risk:</bold> extensive literature has documented that endothelial dysfunction is associated with almost all conditions predisposing to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (hypertension, smoking, dyslipidemia, aging, diabetes, obesity, hyperhomocysteinemia, inflammatory or infectious diseases).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref> </p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <p><bold>Endothelial function provides prognostic information:</bold> In the Cardiovascular Health Study<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref> and the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16"><sup>16</sup></xref> the evaluation of endothelial function with flow-mediated vasodilation predicted long-term adverse cardiovascular events in addition to the analysis of traditional risk factors. According to Menezes et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref> patients with septic shock had prognostic information according to the perfusion index findings during the vascular occlusion test.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref> </p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <p><bold>Endothelial function contributes to the monitoring of therapy:</bold> Therapeutic interventions by pharmacological agents (statins, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, calcium-channel blockers, some betablockers) or lifestyle changes (physical exercise, weight reduction, smoking cessation, dietary measures) can improve endothelial function, which can be seen with the evolutionary improvement in the indexes that evaluate this parameter.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> Measurements of endothelial function can help to differentiate responders from non-responders to the researched therapies.</p>
        </list-item>
      </list>
      <p>Therefore, the study of endothelial function has many properties that qualify it for clinical use, which, however, has not occurred. The recent Cardiovascular Prevention Guideline of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17"><sup>17</sup></xref> does not analyze this possibility of investigation of patients with cardiological diseases, as well as the American or European guidelines. We understand that this occurs precisely because there are dispersed researches, with different applied methodologies. We have sought an ideal test for the analysis of endothelial function. Among its characteristics, it is recommended that: 1) it must reflect the status of the disease; 2) it must be reversible with interventions; 3) it must improve risk stratification; 4) it must be reproducible; 5) it must be operator independent; 6) it must be non-invasive; 7) it must be easy to use; 8) it must be low cost.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> </p>
      <p>It is understood that studies on endothelial function may provide a better assessment of cardiovascular risk than the current scores, leading to an integrated functional analysis. It is believed that the method applies to the better characterization of patients classified as intermediate risk by the scoring systems. There is potential for it to contribute to the choice of therapies and to the follow-up of these patients.</p>
      <p>In conclusion, studies with a large number of patients are necessary, with carefully planned designs and meticulous choice of endothelial function test or combination of tests to be included, seeking a standardization of the methodology for further introduction of the technique in clinical practice.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>
            <italic>Short Editorial related to the article: Microvascular Reactivity in Hypertensive Patients with High Body Adiposity</italic>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
