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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">bzXzmkXDVnyzgcQqRjxJbrf</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2020001300862</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20200436</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20200436</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigo Original</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Repercuss&#245;es da Pandemia de COVID-19 na Pr&#225;tica Assistencial de um Hospital Terci&#225;rio</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1777-477X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Almeida</surname>
            <given-names>Andr&#233; Luiz Cerqueira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Santo</surname>
            <given-names>Thyago Monteiro do Esp&#237;rito</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mello</surname>
            <given-names>Maur&#237;cio Silva Santana</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Cedro</surname>
            <given-names>Alexandre Viana</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lopes</surname>
            <given-names>Nilson Lima</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ribeiro</surname>
            <given-names>Ana Paloma Martins Rocha</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mota</surname>
            <given-names>Jo&#227;o Gustavo Cerqueira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mendes</surname>
            <given-names>Rodrigo Serapi&#227;o</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Almeida</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo Andr&#233; Abreu</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>5</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ferreira</surname>
            <given-names>Murilo Ara&#250;jo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Arruda</surname>
            <given-names>Diego Moreira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Santos</surname>
            <given-names>Adriana Aguiar Pepe</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rios</surname>
            <given-names>Vin&#237;cius Guedes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3141-2310</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Dantas</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Rosa Nascimento</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Viviane Almeida</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Marcos Gomes da</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Sampaio</surname>
            <given-names>Patrick Harrison Santana</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Guimar&#227;es</surname>
            <given-names>Andr&#233; Raimundo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3380-9338</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Santos</surname>
            <given-names>Edval Gomes</given-names>
            <suffix>Jr</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Santa Casa de Miseric&#243;rdia de Feira de Santana</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Feira de Santana</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Santa Casa de Miseric&#243;rdia de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, BA - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Escola de Ecocardiografia da Bahia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Feira de Santana</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Escola de Ecocardiografia da Bahia, Feira de Santana, BA - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto Nobre de Cardiologia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Feira de Santana</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto Nobre de Cardiologia,Feira de Santana, BA - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>4</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Feira de Santana</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, BA - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff5">
        <label>5</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">UNIFACS</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Salvador</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">UNIFACS Curso de Medicina, Salvador, BA - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Andr&#233; Luiz Cerqueira Almeida &#8226; Santa Casa de Misericordia de Feira de Santana &#8211; Cardiologia - Rua Edelvira de Oliveira, 192. CEP 44001-032, Feira de Santana, BA &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>andrealmeida@cardiol.br</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos Autores</p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Almeida ALC, Santo TME, Santos Jr. EG; Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Almeida ALC, Santo TME, Mello MSS, Cedro AV, Lopes NL, Ribeiro APMR, Mota JGC, Mendes RS, Ferreira MA, Arruda DM, Santos AAP, Rios VG, Dantas MRN, Silva VA, Silva MG, Sampaio PHS, Guimar&#227;es AR, Santos Jr. EG; An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Almeida ALC, Santos Jr. EG; An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica: Almeida ALC; Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Almeida ALC, Almeida PAA, Santos Jr. EG; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Almeida ALC, Santo TME, Mello MSS, Cedro AV, Sampaio PHS, Guimar&#227;es AR, Santos Jr. EG.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potencial Conflito de Interesses</p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>21</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>115</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <fpage>862</fpage>
      <lpage>870</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>15</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>22</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>01</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento</title>
          <p> Ainda n&#227;o temos informa&#231;&#245;es acerca do impacto da pandemia da COVID-19 sobre a atividade m&#233;dica assistencial no Brasil.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivo</title>
          <p> Descrever as repercuss&#245;es da pandemia da COVID-19 na rotina de atendimentos em um hospital terci&#225;rio, refer&#234;ncia regional em cardiologia e oncologia.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos</title>
          <p> Estudo de corte transversal. Foi realizado levantamento dos atendimentos no per&#237;odo de 23/03/2020 (fechamento do com&#233;rcio local) at&#233; 23/04/2020 (P20) e comparado com o mesmo per&#237;odo em 2019 (P19).Resultados: Detectamos redu&#231;&#227;o no n&#250;mero de consultas cardiol&#243;gicas, teste ergom&#233;trico, Holter, monitoriza&#231;&#227;o ambulatorial da press&#227;o arterial, eletrocardiograma e ecocardiograma (90%, 84%, 94%, 92%, 94% e 81%, respectivamente). Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; cirurgia card&#237;aca e cateterismo card&#237;aco, houve redu&#231;&#227;o de 48% e 60%, respectivamente. Aumento no n&#250;mero de angioplastia transluminal coron&#225;ria (33%) e de implante de marca-passo definitivo (29%). Houve 97 internamentos na UTI em P19, contra 78 em P20, redu&#231;&#227;o de 20%. Diminui&#231;&#227;o dos atendimentos no pronto-socorro cardiol&#243;gico (45%) e nos internamentos na enfermaria de cardiologia (36%). Houve diminui&#231;&#227;o nas consultas oncol&#243;gicas de 30%. Sess&#245;es de quimioterapia reduziram de 1.944 para 1.066 (45%). Sess&#245;es de radioterapia diminu&#237;ram 19%.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
          <p> A COVID-19 provocou redu&#231;&#227;o consider&#225;vel no n&#250;mero de consultas nos ambulat&#243;rios de cardiologia, oncologia e demais especialidades. Houve uma preocupante diminui&#231;&#227;o no n&#250;mero de cirurgias card&#237;acas e nas sess&#245;es de quimioterapia e radioterapia nas semanas iniciais da pandemia. A procura por atendimento no pronto-socorro cardiol&#243;gico, assim como as interna&#231;&#245;es na UTI e enfermaria cardiol&#243;gicas, tamb&#233;m reduziram, gerando preocupa&#231;&#227;o acerca da evolu&#231;&#227;o e progn&#243;stico destes pacientes portadores de outras patologias, que n&#227;o a COVID-19, nestes tempos de pandemia. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>COVID-19</kwd>
        <kwd>Pandemia</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronavirus</kwd>
        <kwd>Betacoronav&#237;rus</kwd>
        <kwd>Oncologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Servi&#231;os M&#233;dicos de Emerg&#234;ncia</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="14"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="22"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>Em dezembro de 2019, foram descritos os primeiros casos de indiv&#237;duos infectados pelo novo coronav&#237;rus (SARS-COV 2) em Wuhan, China, que rapidamente alastrou-se pelo pa&#237;s, levando a grande n&#250;mero de mortes e de hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Em curto per&#237;odo de tempo, a doen&#231;a pelo coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) ultrapassou os limites da China e alcan&#231;ou outros pa&#237;ses da &#193;sia, Europa e Am&#233;ricas. At&#233; meados do ano 2020 cerca de 8,5 milh&#245;es de pessoas tinham testado positivo para o novo coronavirus em mais de 187 pa&#237;ses e 200 territ&#243;rios, sendo 960 mil testes positivos no Brasil. Na mesma &#233;poca, registrava-se pr&#243;ximo de 450 mil mortes no mundo atribu&#237;das &#224; COVID-19 (47 mil no Brasil).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> O primeiro caso de COVID-19 no Brasil foi confirmado em S&#227;o Paulo, em 26/02/2020.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Em 06/03/2020, a Secretaria da Sa&#250;de do Estado da Bahia confirmou o diagn&#243;stico do 1&#186; caso da COVID-19 na Bahia, mais precisamente na cidade de Feira de Santana. Tratava-se de uma mulher de 34 anos, que retornou da It&#225;lia em 25 de fevereiro, com passagens por Mil&#227;o e Roma, onde aconteceu a contamina&#231;&#227;o. Em 11 de mar&#231;o de 2020, a Organiza&#231;&#227;o Mundial da Sa&#250;de classificou a COVID-19 como uma pandemia, sendo que em 20 de mar&#231;o de 2020 o Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de do Brasil declarou, em todo o territ&#243;rio nacional, estado de transmiss&#227;o comunit&#225;ria da doen&#231;a.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Isso significa que o v&#237;rus j&#225; circulava em todo o pa&#237;s. Na mesma data, o gestor p&#250;blico local de Feira de Santana emitiu um decreto normativo decretando o fechamento de todo o com&#233;rcio varejista e atacado, no &#226;mbito do munic&#237;pio, a partir do dia 23/03/2020.</p>
      <p>Investiga&#231;&#245;es cient&#237;ficas est&#227;o em andamento em todo o mundo e, por se tratar de um evento ainda novo, muitos esfor&#231;os est&#227;o sendo despendidos para respaldar os profissionais de sa&#250;de e os gestores. No Brasil, em particular, toda e qualquer condi&#231;&#227;o sanit&#225;ria precisa considerar a dimens&#227;o territorial e as diferen&#231;as regionais do pa&#237;s. Durante uma pandemia como a atual, o formato de gest&#227;o tripartite do Sistema &#218;nico de Sa&#250;de (SUS) ganha import&#226;ncia, visto que as decis&#245;es devem ser compartilhadas entre o governo federal, os estados e os munic&#237;pios.</p>
      <p>Durante a pandemia, alguns autores registraram mudan&#231;as na estrutura do sistema de sa&#250;de em pa&#237;ses da Europa e nos EUA, com importante decl&#237;nio no n&#250;mero de atendimentos e procedimentos m&#233;dicos n&#227;o associados &#224; COVID-19, incluindo aqueles de alta complexidade.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Estas mudan&#231;as podem gerar, como efeito colateral, atraso diagn&#243;stico e/ou terap&#234;utico e consequente aumento no risco de descompensa&#231;&#227;o de doen&#231;as cr&#244;nicas.</p>
      <p>Ainda n&#227;o temos informa&#231;&#245;es acerca do impacto desta pandemia, e subsequentes a&#231;&#245;es governamentais, sobre a atividade m&#233;dica assistencial no Brasil. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever as repercuss&#245;es da pandemia da COVID-19 sobre o n&#250;mero de consultas, exames, interna&#231;&#245;es e procedimentos m&#233;dicos realizados em um hospital terci&#225;rio, refer&#234;ncia regional em cardiologia e oncologia.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>M&#233;todos</title>
      <p>Estudo de corte transversal realizado em um hospital terci&#225;rio com 110 leitos de enfermaria e 12 leitos de UTI. Trata-se de uma unidade refer&#234;ncia regional em cardiologia (cirurgia card&#237;aca, cateterismo, angioplastia, dispositivos eletr&#244;nicos implant&#225;veis, ecocardiograma e pronto-socorro [PS] cardiol&#243;gico) e oncologia (quimioterapia, radioterapia e cirurgias oncol&#243;gicas), que presta atendimento a pacientes tanto do SUS quanto do sistema de sa&#250;de suplementar. Para analisarmos a repercuss&#227;o da pandemia da COVID-19 sobre as pr&#225;ticas assistenciais do hospital, foi feito um levantamento do n&#250;mero de atendimentos nos v&#225;rios setores da unidade no per&#237;odo de 23/03/2020 (data do fechamento do com&#233;rcio local) at&#233; 23/04/2020 (P20) e comparamos com os atendimentos realizados no mesmo per&#237;odo do ano de 2019 (P19). Trata-se de uma amostra de conveni&#234;ncia, com a inclus&#227;o de todos os pacientes com dados dispon&#237;veis em registros eletr&#244;nicos nos per&#237;odos supracitados. Foram coletados dados acerca das pr&#225;ticas assistenciais e admiss&#245;es nos seguintes setores do hospital: UTI (predominantemente cardiol&#243;gica), cirurgia card&#237;aca, cirurgia n&#227;o card&#237;aca, cateterismo card&#237;aco, angioplastia transluminal coron&#225;ria (ATC), implante de marca-passo, consulta em cardiologia, ecocardiografia, monitoriza&#231;&#227;o ambulatorial da press&#227;o arterial (MAPA), Holter, eletrocardiograma (ECG), teste ergom&#233;trico, PS cardiol&#243;gico, internamento na unidade de cardiologia, laborat&#243;rio de an&#225;lises cl&#237;nicas, consulta em oncologia, sess&#245;es de quimioterapia, sess&#245;es de radioterapia, ultrassonografia, tomografia computadorizada, endoscopia, colonoscopia e retossigmoidoscopia.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>An&#225;lise Estat&#237;stica</title>
        <p>Realizamos uma an&#225;lise descritiva dos dados obtidos na amostra. As vari&#225;veis nominais ou categ&#243;ricas foram descritas por seus valores absolutos. As diferen&#231;as de eventos observada entre os dois per&#237;odos investigados foram descritas pelas raz&#245;es absolutas e relativas. A an&#225;lise dos dados, assim como a constru&#231;&#227;o dos gr&#225;ficos, foi feita com o aux&#237;lio do Excel&#174;, Microsoft 365&#174;.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Aspectos &#201;ticos</title>
        <p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica em Pesquisa da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana sob o n&#250;mero de protocolo CAAE: 31056220.0.0000.0053. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo est&#227;o de acordo com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013. O levantamento foi realizado atrav&#233;s da pesquisa direta dos registros do hospital, ap&#243;s autoriza&#231;&#227;o expressa da institui&#231;&#227;o hospitalar. O pesquisador respons&#225;vel assinou um termo de compromisso para utiliza&#231;&#227;o dos dados dos registros do hospital.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Resultados</title>
      <p>No P19, o ambulat&#243;rio de cardiologia realizou 379 consultas, sendo que este n&#250;mero caiu para 38 no P20, com uma redu&#231;&#227;o de 90% ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura 1</xref> ). Observou-se ainda uma redu&#231;&#227;o no n&#250;mero de teste ergom&#233;trico (84%), Holter (94%), MAPA (92%) e ECG (94%). Em rela&#231;&#227;o ao ecocardiograma, foram 509 exames a menos em P20, o que corresponde a uma redu&#231;&#227;o de 81% ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura 1</xref> ). A redu&#231;&#227;o foi de 470 ecocardiogramas ambulatoriais (88%) e de 39 exames realizados em pacientes internados no hospital (41%).</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f01">
          <label>Figura 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; N&#250;mero de consultas e exames em cardiologia. Cardio: cardiologia; TE: teste ergom&#233;trico; ECO: ecocardiograma; MAPA: monitoramento ambulatrorial da press&#227;o arterial; ECG: eletrocardiograma.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-115-05-0862-00436-gf01.tif"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; cirurgia card&#237;aca e cateterismo card&#237;aco, a redu&#231;&#227;o foi de 48% e 60%, respectivamente ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figura 2</xref> ).</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f02">
          <label>Figura 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Movimento no setor de cardiologia intervencionista. CATE: cateterismo card&#237;aco; ATC: angioplastia transluminal coron&#225;ria; MP: marcapasso.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-115-05-0862-00436-gf02.tif"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>Houve um aumento no n&#250;mero de ATC na ordem de 33% e de implante de marca-passo definitivo (29%) ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figura 2</xref> ).</p>
      <p>Noventa e sete pacientes foram internados na UTI em P19, contra 78 em P20, redu&#231;&#227;o de 20%. A redu&#231;&#227;o tamb&#233;m foi observada nos atendimentos realizados no PS cardiol&#243;gico (45%) e nos internamentos na enfermaria de cardiologia do hospital (36%) ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03">Figura 3</xref> ).</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f03">
          <label>Figura 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; N&#250;mero de internamentos na unidade de cardiologia. PS: pronto socorro; Int CV: internamento na unidade de cardiologia.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-115-05-0862-00436-gf03.tif"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>O setor de oncologia tamb&#233;m sofreu redu&#231;&#227;o consider&#225;vel nos atendimentos durante a fase inicial da pandemia da COVID-19. Os oncologistas realizaram 1.688 consultas em P19. Este n&#250;mero caiu para 1.184 consultas em P20, uma redu&#231;&#227;o de 30%. O n&#250;mero de sess&#245;es de quimioterapia caiu de 1.944 para 1.066, decl&#237;nio de 45%. J&#225; as sess&#245;es de radioterapia diminu&#237;ram 19% ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f04">Figura 4</xref> ).</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f04">
          <label>Figura 4</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Movimento no setor da oncologia. Onco: oncologia; QTR: quimioterapia; RTX: radioterapia.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-115-05-0862-00436-gf04.tif"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>A redu&#231;&#227;o no n&#250;mero de exames de an&#225;lises cl&#237;nicas foi na ordem de 42%. Esta diminui&#231;&#227;o ocorreu tanto entre os pacientes ambulatoriais quanto entre os internados, sendo que a queda foi maior entre os primeiros ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f05">Figura 5</xref> ). Foram realizadas 337 dosagens da troponina em 2019, contra apenas 59 em 2020, decl&#237;nio de 82%.</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f05">
          <label>Figura 5</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Movimento do laborat&#243;rio de an&#225;lises cl&#237;nicas. LAB: laborat&#243;rio.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-115-05-0862-00436-gf05.tif"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>Houve diminui&#231;&#227;o tamb&#233;m no n&#250;mero de endoscopia/colonoscopia/retossigmoidoscopia (52%), ultrassonografia (94%) e tomografias computadorizada (35%) ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f06">Figura 6</xref> ).</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f06">
          <label>Figura 6</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Movimento nos servi&#231;os de exames de imagem. Endoscopia: endoscopia digestiva alta; Reto: retosigmoidoscopia; Colona: colonoscopia; USG: ultrassonografia; CT: tomografia computadorizada.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-115-05-0862-00436-gf06.tif"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>As cirurgias n&#227;o card&#237;acas (geral, oncol&#243;gica, cabe&#231;a e pesco&#231;o, ortop&#233;dica, entre outras) sofreram redu&#231;&#227;o de 40% no primeiro m&#234;s em que foi recomendado o distanciamento social devido &#224; pandemia da COVID-19 na regi&#227;o estudada. O n&#250;mero de cirurgias oncol&#243;gicas ligadas &#224; urologia diminuiu de 82 para 57 (30%). J&#225; as consultas n&#227;o-cardiol&#243;gicas e n&#227;o-oncol&#243;gicas reduziram 92% ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f07">Figura 7</xref> ).</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f07">
          <label>Figura 7</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; N&#250;mero de consultas e cirurgias n&#227;o card&#237;acas.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-115-05-0862-00436-gf07.tif"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>O hospital onde os dados foram coletados n&#227;o &#233; um centro de refer&#234;ncia para atendimento de pacientes com a COVID-19. At&#233; a conclus&#227;o da coleta dos dados nenhum paciente com a COVID-19 havia sido admitido na unidade.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <p>O presente estudo demostrou que a pandemia da COVID-19 provocou uma redu&#231;&#227;o consider&#225;vel no n&#250;mero de consultas nos ambulat&#243;rios de cardiologia, oncologia e demais especialidades em nosso hospital. Al&#233;m disso, observamos uma preocupante diminui&#231;&#227;o no n&#250;mero de cirurgias card&#237;acas, assim como no n&#250;mero de sess&#245;es de quimioterapia e de radioterapia nas semanas iniciais da pandemia. Estas redu&#231;&#245;es podem trazer consequ&#234;ncias desastrosas para os pacientes que necessitam desses tratamentos. A procura por atendimento no PS cardiol&#243;gico, assim como o n&#250;mero de interna&#231;&#245;es na UTI e enfermaria cardiol&#243;gicas, tamb&#233;m sofreu importante decl&#237;nio, deixando um inquietante questionamento aos cardiologistas e outros profissionais da sa&#250;de no primeiro momento: para onde est&#227;o indo os pacientes com complica&#231;&#245;es card&#237;acas, associadas ou n&#227;o &#224; pandemia da COVID-19?</p>
      <p>Detectamos uma redu&#231;&#227;o de 45% no n&#250;mero de atendimentos no PS de cardiologia do nosso hospital, com 82% de redu&#231;&#227;o na dosagem da troponina. Isto foi acompanhado por um encolhimento nas taxas de admiss&#227;o na UTI e enfermaria cardiol&#243;gicas de 20% e 36%, respectivamente. De modo semelhante, Metzler B et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> demonstraram uma redu&#231;&#227;o de 39,4% na admiss&#227;o de pacientes com s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda, durante o primeiro m&#234;s do surto da COVID-19 na &#193;ustria. Nos EUA, houve um decl&#237;nio de 38% no n&#250;mero de coronariografias em casos de IAM com supra de ST (IAMCSST) no primeiro m&#234;s da pandemia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Em nossa casu&#237;stica, observamos uma redu&#231;&#227;o de 60% no n&#250;mero de cateterismo card&#237;aco e de 48% nas cirurgias card&#237;acas. Na Espanha, durante a primeira semana da quarentena devido &#224; COVID-19, notou-se uma diminui&#231;&#227;o de 56% nos procedimentos diagn&#243;sticos cardiovasculares, 48% nos procedimentos terap&#234;uticos coron&#225;rios, 81% nos terap&#234;uticos estruturais (implante percut&#226;neo de v&#225;lvula a&#243;rtica, fechamento de persist&#234;ncia do canal arterial e comunica&#231;&#227;o interatrial) e 40% nos casos tratados de IAMCSST.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> A redu&#231;&#227;o que observamos na procura por atendimento m&#233;dico por motivos cardiol&#243;gicos durante a pandemia, fato que se repetiu em outros pa&#237;ses, vai de encontro ao que, habitualmente, costumamos ver em per&#237;odos de trag&#233;dias. &#201; conhecido o aumento consider&#225;vel na incid&#234;ncia de IAM e AVC ap&#243;s terremotos e tsunamis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> Talvez como resultado desta redu&#231;&#227;o na procura espont&#226;nea por atendimento m&#233;dico em casos n&#227;o relacionados &#224; COVID-19, a regi&#227;o da Lombardia, It&#225;lia, apresentou um aumento de 58% na ocorr&#234;ncia de parada card&#237;aca fora do hospital, no per&#237;odo que abrangeu os primeiros 40 dias do surto da COVID-19.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Este achado mostrou forte associa&#231;&#227;o com a incid&#234;ncia cumulativa de COVID-19 na regi&#227;o estudada. Similarmente, dados publicados no Angioplasty.Org relatam um aumento de 800% na incid&#234;ncia de morte s&#250;bita ocorrida em domic&#237;lio na cidade de Nova York quando era o epicentro da pandemia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> Muitos destes pacientes podem ter evitado ir ao hospital com receio de se infectarem com a COVID-19.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Diferente dos dados obtidos na Espanha,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> observamos um aumento de 33% na realiza&#231;&#227;o de ATC. Atribu&#237;mos este aumento a uma maior disponibilidade de vagas de UTI do nosso hospital na fase inicial da pandemia da COVID-19. Isto permitiu que pud&#233;ssemos realizar o procedimento e encaminhar o paciente para observa&#231;&#227;o na UTI, diferente do que ocorria na fase pr&#233;-COVID, quando a UTI estava, invariavelmente, sem disponibilidade de leitos.</p>
      <p>A redu&#231;&#227;o que observamos no n&#250;mero de consultas em oncologia (30%), sess&#245;es de quimioterapia (45%) e sess&#245;es de radioterapia (19%) &#233; um cap&#237;tulo &#224; parte. Recente estudo, realizado na Inglaterra e Irlanda do Norte, observou que a maioria dos pacientes com c&#226;ncer, ou suspeitos de terem c&#226;ncer, n&#227;o estavam acessando os servi&#231;os de sa&#250;de durante a pandemia da COVID-19.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup> Como consequ&#234;ncia, estima-se que este surto da COVID-19 tem o potencial de aumentar a mortalidade em cerca 20%, nos pr&#243;ximos 12 meses, nos pacientes com diagn&#243;stico recente de c&#226;ncer, apenas na Inglaterra.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup> Al&#233;m disso, pacientes com c&#226;ncer t&#234;m um risco quase quatro vezes maior de apresentar complica&#231;&#245;es graves secund&#225;rias &#224; COVID-19, comparados aos indiv&#237;duos sem c&#226;ncer.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup> Portanto, a monitoriza&#231;&#227;o dos pacientes oncol&#243;gicos deve ser redobrada, e n&#227;o diminu&#237;da, durante o curso da pandemia. O desafio de identificar e tratar complica&#231;&#245;es associadas a alguns quimioter&#225;picos, como miocardite e/ou pneumonite severas, &#233; outra quest&#227;o a ser enfrentada pelos especialistas em tempos de pandemia da COVID-19.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Os nossos resultados s&#227;o de grande aux&#237;lio para os pacientes, os profissionais de sa&#250;de e os gestores hospitalares. Eles trazem &#224; tona um problema grave, que est&#225; cursando em paralelo &#224; pandemia da COVID-19: a redu&#231;&#227;o consider&#225;vel no n&#250;mero de consultas, cirurgias card&#237;acas e oncol&#243;gicas, atendimentos em PS cardiol&#243;gico, cateterismo card&#237;aco, sess&#245;es de quimioterapia e de radioterapia, exames laboratoriais, entre outros procedimentos m&#233;dicos importantes e necess&#225;rios para aqueles que n&#227;o est&#227;o com a COVID-19. Uma redu&#231;&#227;o no acesso aos cuidados m&#233;dicos &#233; associada a um decl&#237;nio no estado de sa&#250;de da popula&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref></sup> O retardo no diagn&#243;stico e tratamento do infarto do mioc&#225;rdio ou do AVC aumenta o risco de morte.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref></sup> A interrup&#231;&#227;o do uso de anti-hipertensivos, mesmo por curtos per&#237;odos, pode ocasionar graves complica&#231;&#245;es cardiovasculares.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref></sup> A retirada das estatinas aumenta as taxas de eventos em pacientes com s&#237;ndromes coron&#225;rias agudas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref></sup> A descompensa&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o diagnosticada do diabetes tem consequ&#234;ncias graves. A demora na realiza&#231;&#227;o da cirurgia oncol&#243;gica pode levar &#224; progress&#227;o da doen&#231;a e piora do progn&#243;stico. O mesmo se aplica em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224;s sess&#245;es de quimioterapia adjuvantes ou neoadjuvantes. O fato dos pacientes se absterem de ir ao hospital, n&#227;o significa que as outras doen&#231;as desapareceram. Em absoluto! Elas continuam acometendo os pacientes, mas estes n&#227;o est&#227;o procurando o atendimento m&#233;dico na medida adequada. A quest&#227;o &#233;: por qu&#234;? Entre outros motivos porque, provavelmente, est&#227;o com medo de irem ao hospital devido ao risco de contra&#237;rem a COVID-19. &#201; poss&#237;vel, ainda, que alguns pacientes com problemas cardiovasculares estejam procurando atendimento m&#233;dico, mas os sintomas apresentados podem estar sendo confundidos com os da COVID-19. A recomenda&#231;&#227;o expressa para as pessoas ficarem em casa, assim como a restri&#231;&#227;o na liberdade de tr&#226;nsito e movimenta&#231;&#227;o, tamb&#233;m contribuem para o cen&#225;rio que detectamos em nosso hospital. N&#227;o seria exagero dizer que estes indiv&#237;duos tamb&#233;m se tornaram v&#237;timas da COVID-19, mesmo sem terem sido acometidos da doen&#231;a.</p>
      <p>Independente da causa, os resultados da nossa pesquisa s&#227;o um espelho do que est&#225; acontecendo em v&#225;rios outros locais. Tais fatos t&#234;m o potencial de gerar um efeito colateral preocupante: um substancial incremento na morbidade e na mortalidade, a curto e m&#233;dio prazo, por causas outras que n&#227;o a infec&#231;&#227;o causada pelo SARS-COV 2.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> Esta seria a outra face da trag&#233;dia da COVID-19. &#201; poss&#237;vel que, em breve, nos deparemos com uma curva ascendente, p&#243;s-pandemia, composta por pacientes com graves complica&#231;&#245;es secund&#225;rias a patologias que poderiam ter sido adequadamente tratadas, caso tivessem sido atendidas previamente e em um momento, teoricamente, mais favor&#225;vel.</p>
      <p>Os nossos resultados abrem perspectivas para que outros pesquisadores investiguem qual o real desfecho destes pacientes que n&#227;o est&#227;o comparecendo &#224;s consultas m&#233;dicas eletivas, &#224;s sess&#245;es de quimioterapia e radioterapia, ao PS de cardiologia, assim como aqueles que n&#227;o est&#227;o realizando os exames de rotina e/o as cirurgias oncol&#243;gicas ou card&#237;acas no per&#237;odo da pandemia da COVID-19. Isto complementaria os nossos achados e traria importantes informa&#231;&#245;es para a comunidade m&#233;dica e para os pr&#243;prios pacientes.</p>
      <p>Nosso trabalho apresenta algumas limita&#231;&#245;es. Trata-se de um estudo unic&#234;ntrico e o per&#237;odo de observa&#231;&#227;o foi relativamente curto. N&#227;o acompanhamos o desfecho dos pacientes que deixaram de comparecer &#224;s consultas e/ou procedimentos em nosso hospital. Observamos as repercuss&#245;es da pandemia da COVID-19 na pr&#225;tica assistencial de um hospital terci&#225;rio como um todo, mas n&#227;o caracterizamos as patologias que levaram os pacientes ao hospital.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
      <p>A pandemia da COVID-19 provocou importante redu&#231;&#227;o no n&#250;mero de consultas nos ambulat&#243;rios de cardiologia, oncologia e demais especialidades no nosso hospital. Notamos tamb&#233;m uma diminui&#231;&#227;o consider&#225;vel no n&#250;mero de cirurgias card&#237;acas e nas sess&#245;es de quimioterapia e de radioterapia nas semanas iniciais da pandemia. A procura por atendimento no PS cardiol&#243;gico, assim como o n&#250;mero de interna&#231;&#245;es na UTI e enfermaria cardiol&#243;gicas, tamb&#233;m reduziu, gerando preocupa&#231;&#227;o acerca da evolu&#231;&#227;o e progn&#243;stico destes pacientes portadores de outras patologias, que n&#227;o a COVID-19, nestes tempos de pandemia.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
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        <mixed-citation>21. Beeftink MM, van der Sande NG, Bots ML, Doevendans PA, Blankestijn PJ, Visseren FL, et al. Safety of Temporary Discontinuation of Antihypertensive Medication in Patients With Difficult-to-Control Hypertension. Hypertension. 2017;69(5):927-32.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Beeftink</surname>
              <given-names>MM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>van der Sande</surname>
              <given-names>NG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bots</surname>
              <given-names>ML</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Doevendans</surname>
              <given-names>PA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Blankestijn</surname>
              <given-names>PJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Visseren</surname>
              <given-names>FL</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Safety of Temporary Discontinuation of Antihypertensive Medication in Patients With Difficult-to-Control Hypertension</article-title>
          <source>Hypertension</source>
          <year>2017</year>
          <volume>69</volume>
          <issue>5</issue>
          <fpage>927</fpage>
          <lpage>932</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B22">
        <label>22</label>
        <mixed-citation>22 - Heeschen C, Hamm CW, Laufs U, Snapinn S, Bohm M, White HD, et al. Withdrawal of statins increases event rates in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Circulation. 2002;105(12):1446-52.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Heeschen</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hamm</surname>
              <given-names>CW</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Laufs</surname>
              <given-names>U</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Snapinn</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bohm</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>White</surname>
              <given-names>HD</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
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          <article-title>Withdrawal of statins increases event rates in patients with acute coronary syndromes</article-title>
          <source>Circulation</source>
          <year>2002</year>
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        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Vincula&#231;&#227;o Acad&#234;mica</p>
        <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <p>Fontes de Financiamento</p>
        <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Repercussions of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Care Practices of a Tertiary Hospital</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1777-477X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Almeida</surname>
            <given-names>Andr&#233; Luiz Cerqueira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Santo</surname>
            <given-names>Thyago Monteiro do Esp&#237;rito</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mello</surname>
            <given-names>Maur&#237;cio Silva Santana</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Cedro</surname>
            <given-names>Alexandre Viana</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3001">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lopes</surname>
            <given-names>Nilson Lima</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ribeiro</surname>
            <given-names>Ana Paloma Martins Rocha</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4001">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mota</surname>
            <given-names>Jo&#227;o Gustavo Cerqueira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mendes</surname>
            <given-names>Rodrigo Serapi&#227;o</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Almeida</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo Andr&#233; Abreu</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5001">
            <sup>5</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ferreira</surname>
            <given-names>Murilo Ara&#250;jo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Arruda</surname>
            <given-names>Diego Moreira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Santos</surname>
            <given-names>Adriana Aguiar Pepe</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rios</surname>
            <given-names>Vin&#237;cius Guedes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3141-2310</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Dantas</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Rosa Nascimento</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Viviane Almeida</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Marcos Gomes da</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Sampaio</surname>
            <given-names>Patrick Harrison Santana</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3001">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Guimar&#227;es</surname>
            <given-names>Andr&#233; Raimundo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3001">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3380-9338</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Santos</surname>
            <given-names>Edval Gomes</given-names>
            <suffix>Jr</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4001">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Santa Casa de Miseric&#243;rdia de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, BA - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Escola de Ecocardiografia da Bahia, Feira de Santana, BA - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3001">
        <label>3</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto Nobre de Cardiologia, Feira de Santana, BA - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4001">
        <label>4</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, BA - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff5001">
        <label>5</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">UNIFACS Curso de Medicina, Salvador, BA - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Andr&#233; Luiz Cerqueira Almeida &#8226; Santa Casa de Misericordia de Feira de Santana &#8211; Cardiologia - Rua Edelvira de Oliveira, 192. Postal Code 44001-032, Feira de Santana, BA &#8211; Brazil E-mail: andrealmeida@cardiol.br</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>Author Contributions</p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Almeida ALC, Santo TME, Santos Jr. EG; Acquisition of data: Almeida ALC, Santo TME, Mello MSS, Cedro AV, Lopes NL, Ribeiro APMR, Mota JGC, Mendes RS, Ferreira MA, Arruda DM, Santos AAP, Rios VG, Dantas MRN, Sil va VA, Silva MG, Sampaio PHS, Guimar&#227;es AR, Santos Jr. EG; Analysis and interpretation of the data: Almeida ALC, Santos Jr. EG; Statistical analysis: Almeida ALC; Writing of the manuscript: Almeida ALC, Almeida PAA, Santos Jr. EG; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Almeida ALC, Santo TME, Mello MSS, Cedro AV, Sampaio PHS, Guimar&#227;es AR, Santos Jr. EG.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potential Conflict of Interest</p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background</title>
          <p>We still do not have information regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical care activity in Brazil.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective</title>
          <p>To describe the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on the care routine of a tertiary hospital, which is a regional reference in cardiology and oncology.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods</title>
          <p>Cross-sectional cohort study. We conducted a survey of medical visits from March 23, 2020 (when local commerce was closed) to April 23, 2020 (P20), in comparison with the same period in 2019 (P19).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results</title>
          <p>We found decreases in the number of cardiology consultations, exercise tests, Holter, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, electrocardiogram, and echocardiogram (90%, 84%, 94%, 92%, 94%, and 81%, respectively). In relation to cardiac surgery and cardiac catheterization, there were 48% and 60% decreases, respectively. There was an increase in the number of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasties (33%) and definitive pacemaker implantations (29%). There were 97 admissions to the ICU during P19, in contrast with 78 during P20, a 20% decrease. Visits to the cardiac emergency room (45%) and admissions to the cardiology ward (36%) also decreased. The decrease in oncology consultations was 30%. Chemotherapy sessions decreased from 1,944 to 1,066 (45%), and radiotherapy sessions decreased by 19%.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion</title>
          <p>COVID-19 has led to a considerable decrease in the number of consultations in outpatient clinics for cardiology, oncology, and other specialties. There was a concerning decrease in the number of cardiac surgeries, chemotherapy sessions, and radiotherapy sessions during the initial weeks of the pandemic. The number of people seeking care in the cardiac emergency room and the number of admissions to the cardiology ward and ICU also decreased, generating concern regarding the evolution and prognosis of these patients with pathologies other than COVID-19 during this pandemic time. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>COVID-19</kwd>
        <kwd>Pandemics</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronavirus, Betacoronavirus, Oncology</kwd>
        <kwd>Hospitalization</kwd>
        <kwd>Emergency Medical services</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>In December 2019, the first cases of individuals infected with the new coronavirus (SARS-COV 2) were reported in Wuhan, China; the virus rapidly spread throughout the country, leading to a large number of deaths and hospitalizations.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Within a short period of time, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) went beyond the limits of China, reaching other countries in Asia, Europe, and the Americas. By the middle of 2020, approximately 8.5 million people had tested positive for the new coronavirus in more than 187 countries and 200 territories, with 960,000 positive tests in Brazil. During this time, there were close to 450,000 deaths in the world attributed to COVID-19 (47,000 in Brazil).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> The first case of COVID-19 in Brazil was confirmed in S&#227;o Paulo, on February 26, 2020.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> On March 6, 2020, the Secretary of Health of the State of Bahia confirmed the diagnosis of the first case of COVID-19 in Bahia, specifically, in the city of Feira de Santana. The patient was a 34-year-old woman, who had returned from Italy on February 25, having visited Milan and Rome, where contamination occurred. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization classified COVID-19 as a pandemic, and, on March 20, 2020, the Brazilian Ministry of Health declared community transmission of the disease throughout the national territory.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> This means that the virus was already circulating throughout the country. On the same date, the local public administrator of Feira de Santana issued a decree closing all wholesale and retail trade in the municipality, starting on March 23, 2020.</p>
        <p>Scientific investigations are underway worldwide, and, as this is still a new incident, many efforts are being made to support health professionals and administrators. In Brazil in particular, any and all health conditions need to take into consideration the size of the country and its regional differences. During a pandemic like this one, the tripartite management structure of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS, acronym in Portuguese) becomes even more important, given that decisions must be shared between federal, state, and municipal governments.</p>
        <p>During the pandemic, some authors have reported changes in the structures of healthcare systems in Europe and the USA, with an important decrease in the number of medical visits and procedures that are associated with COVID-19, including those of high complexity.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> As a collateral effect, these changes may lead to delayed diagnosis and/or therapy, with a consequent increase in the risk of decompensation of chronic diseases.</p>
        <p>We still do not have information regarding the impact of the pandemic and subsequent government actions on medical care activity in Brazil. The objective of this study was to describe the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on the number of consultations, tests, hospitalizations, and medical procedures carried out in a tertiary hospital, which is a regional reference for cardiology and oncology.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>Methods</title>
        <p>This was a cross-sectional cohort study carried out in a tertiary hospital with 110 ward beds and 12 ICU beds. It is a regional reference unit in cardiology (cardiac surgery, catheterization, angioplasty, implantable electronic devices, echocardiogram, and cardiac emergency room [ER]) and oncology (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and oncology surgery), and it provides care to both the SUS and the supplementary health system. In order to analyze the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on the hospital&#8217;s care practices, a survey was carried out regarding the number of visits in the various sectors of the unit during the period from March 23, 2020 (the date when local commerce was closed) to April 23, 2020 (P20), in comparison with the services provided during the same period in 2019 (P19). This was a convenience sample, including all patients with data available from electronic records during the periods mentioned above. Data were collected on care practices and admission to the following sectors of the hospital: ICU (mainly cardiology), cardiac surgery, non-cardiac surgery, cardiac catheterization, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), pacemaker implantation, cardiology consultations, echocardiography, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), Holter, electrocardiogram, exercise test, cardiac ER, admission to the cardiology unit, clinical laboratory analysis, oncology consultations, chemotherapy sessions, radiotherapy sessions, ultrasound, computerized tomography, endoscopy, colonoscopy, and rectosigmoidoscopy.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Statistical Analysis</title>
          <p>We carried out descriptive analysis of the data obtained in the sample. Nominal or categorical variables were described by their absolute values. The differences in events observed between the two study periods were described as absolute and relative ratios. Data analysis and graph construction were performed with the aid of Excel&#174;, Microsoft 365&#174;.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Ethical Aspects</title>
          <p>This study received approval from the Research Ethics Committee of the State University of Feira de Santana, under protocol number CAAE: 31056220.0.0000.0053. All of the procedures involved in this study are in accordance with the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki, revised in 2013. The survey was conducted by means of direct research of hospital records, following express authorization from the hospital. The researcher responsible signed an agreement form regarding use of data from hospital records.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Results</title>
        <p>During P19, there were 379 consultations at the cardiology outpatient clinic; this number decreased to 38 during P20, representing a 90% drop ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01001">Figure 1</xref> ). Decreases were also observed in the number of exercise tests (84%), Holter (94%), ABPM (92%), and electrocardiogram (94%). In relation to echocardiogram, there were 509 fewer exams during P20, corresponding to an 81% decrease ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01001">Figure 1</xref> ). This number comprised 470 outpatient echocardiograms (88%) and 39 exams carried out in patients who were hospitalized (41%).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f01001">
            <label>Figure 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Number of cardiology consultations and exams. ABPM: ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; ECG: electrocardiogram; Echo: echocardiogram; ET: exercise test</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-115-05-0862-00436-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>In relation to cardiac surgery and cardiac catheterization, there were 48% and 60% decreases, respectively ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02001">Figure 2</xref> ).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f02001">
            <label>Figure 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Movement in the interventional cardiology sector. CC: cardiac catheterization; PM: pacemaker; PTCA: percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-115-05-0862-00436-gf02-en.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>There was a 33% increase in the number of PCTA and a 29% increase in definitive pacemaker implantations ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02001">Figure 2</xref> ).</p>
        <p>During P19, 97 patients were admitted to the ICU, in comparison to 78 during P20, representing a 20% decrease. A decrease was also observed in the number of visits to the cardiac ER (45%) and in the number of admissions to the hospital&#8217;s cardiology ward (36%) ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f04001">Figure 3</xref> ).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f04001">
            <label>Figure 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Number of admissions to the cardiology unit. CW: cardiology ward; ER: emergency room; ICU: intensive care unit</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-115-05-0862-00436-gf03-en.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>The oncology sector also saw a considerable decrease in visits during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Oncologists carried out 1,688 consultations during P19. This number dropped to 1,184 consultations during P20, a 30% decrease. The number of chemotherapy sessions dropped from 1,944 to 1,066, a 45% decrease. Radiotherapy sessions also decreased by 19% ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03001">Figure 4</xref> ).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f03001">
            <label>Figure 4</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Movement in the oncology sector. CTS: chemotherapy sessions; RTS: radiotherapy sessions</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-115-05-0862-00436-gf04-en.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>There was a 42% decrease in the number of clinical analysis exams. This decrease comprises both outpatients and hospitalized patients; it was greater among the former ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f05001">Figure 5</xref> ). There were 337 troponin assays in 2019, in contrast with only 59 in 2020, a 82% decrease.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f05001">
            <label>Figure 5</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Movement of clinical laboratory analyses. Lab: laboratory exams</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-115-05-0862-00436-gf05-en.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>There was also a decrease in the number of the following procedures: endoscopy/colonoscopy/rectosigmoidoscopy (52%), ultrasound (94%), and computerized tomography (35%) ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f06001">Figure 6</xref> ).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f06001">
            <label>Figure 6</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Movement of imaging exams. Colono: colonoscopy; CT: computerized tomography; endo: upper digestive endoscopy; recto: rectosigmoidoscopy; US: ultrasound</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-115-05-0862-00436-gf06-en.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>Non-cardiac surgeries (general, oncology, head and neck, orthopedic, among others) saw a 40% reduction during the first month when social distancing was recommended due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the study region. The number of oncology surgeries related to urology decreased from 82 to 57 (30%). Non-cardiology and non-oncology consultations decreased by 92% ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f07001">Figure 7</xref> ).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f07001">
            <label>Figure 7</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Number of non-cardiac consultations and surgeries.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-115-05-0862-00436-gf07-en.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>The hospital where data were collected is not a reference center for providing care for patients with COVID-19. Up to the moment when data collection was completed, no patients with COVID-19 had been admitted to the unit.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <p>This study has shown that the COVID-19 pandemic led to a considerable decrease in the number of consultations at our hospital&#8217;s outpatient clinics in cardiology, oncology, and other specialties. Furthermore, we observed a concerning decrease in the number of cardiac surgeries, chemotherapy sessions, and radiotherapy sessions during the initial weeks of the pandemic. These decreases can lead to disastrous consequences for the patients who need these treatments. The number of people seeking care in the cardiac ER and the number of admissions to the cardiology ward and ICU also saw an important decline, leaving cardiologists and other healthcare professionals with a concerning question during this initial moment, namely: Where are patients with cardiac complications, whether or not they are associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, going?</p>
        <p>We observed a 45% decrease in the number of visits to the cardiac ER in our hospital, with a 82% decrease in troponin assays. This was accompanied by 20% and 36% decreases in the rates of admission to the cardiology ICU and the cardiology ward, respectively. Similarly, Metzler B et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> demonstrated a 39.4% decrease in the admission of patients with acute coronary syndrome during the first month of the COVID-19 outbreak in Austria. In the USA, there was a 38% drop in coronary angiography in cases of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) during the first month of the pandemic.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> In our study sample, we observed a 60% decrease in the number of cardiac catheterization procedures and a 48% decrease in the number of cardiac surgeries. In Spain, during the first week of quarantine due to COVID-19, researchers observed a 56% decrease in diagnostic cardiovascular procedures, a 48% decrease in coronary therapy procedures, an 81% decrease in structural therapy procedures (transcatheter aortic valve implantation, patent ductus arteriosus closure, and interatrial communication closure), and a 40% decrease in cases treated for STEMI.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> The decrease that we observed in individuals seeking medical attention for cardiac reasons during the pandemic, which has also been seen in other countries, goes against what we usually see during periods of tragedy. It is known that there is a considerable increase in the incidence of acute myocardial infarction and stroke following earthquakes and tsunamis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> Perhaps, as a result of this decrease in spontaneous demand for medical care in cases that not related to COVID-19, the region of Lombardy, Italy, showed a 58% increase in the occurrence of cardiac arrest outside the hospital during the period that included the first 40 days of the COVID-19 outbreak.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> This finding showed a strong association with the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 in the region studied. Similarly, data published on Angioplasty.Org report an 800% increase in the incidence of sudden deaths occurring at home in the city of New York when it was the epicenter of the pandemic.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> Many of these patients may have avoided going to the hospital due to fear of becoming infected with COVID-19.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup></p>
        <p>In contrast with the data obtained in Spain,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> we observed a 33% increase in PCTA. We attribute this increase to the greater availability of beds in our hospital&#8217;s ICU during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. This made it possible for us to carry out the procedure and transfer patients to the ICU for observation, which is a different scenario from the pre-COVID phase, when the ICU, invariably, had no beds available.</p>
        <p>The decrease which we observed in the number of oncology consultations (30%), chemotherapy sessions (45%), and radiotherapy sessions (19%) is a different case. A recent study, carried out in England and North Ireland, observed that the majority of patients with cancer or suspicion of cancer were not accessing health services during the COVID-19 pandemic.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup> As a consequence, it is estimated that this COVID-19 outbreak has the potential to increase mortality by approximately 20%, over the coming 12 months, in patients with recent diagnosis of cancer, in England alone.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup> Moreover, patients with cancer have an almost four-fold risk of presenting severe complications secondary to COVID-19, when compared to individuals without cancer.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup> Therefore, monitoring of patients in oncology should be doubled, rather than decreased, during the pandemic. The challenge in identifying and treating complications associated with some chemotherapy drugs, such as severe myocarditis and/or pneumonitis, is another issue which specialists need to face during the COVID-19 pandemic.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Our results are of great assistance to patients, healthcare professionals, and hospital managers. They shine a light on a serious problem, which is occurring in parallel to the COVID-19 pandemic, namely, a considerable decrease in the number of consultations, cardiac and oncological surgeries, visits to the cardiac ER, cardiac catheterization, chemotherapy and radiotherapy sessions, laboratory tests, and other medical procedures that are important and necessary for patients who do not have COVID-19. Decreased access to medical care is associated with a decline in the population&#8217;s health status.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref></sup> Delayed diagnosis and treatment of myocardial infarction or stroke increase the risk of death.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref></sup> Interrupting the use of anti-hypertensive medication, even for short periods of time, may lead to severe cardiovascular complications.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref></sup> Withdrawal of statins increases rates of events in patients with acute coronary syndromes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref></sup> Undiagnosed decompensation of diabetes has severe consequences. Delayed performance of oncological surgery can lead to disease progression and worsened prognosis. The same applies to adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy sessions. The fact that patients are abstaining from going to the hospital does mean that other diseases have disappeared. By any means! They continue affecting patients, but patients are not seeking medical care to the appropriate extent. The question is: Why? Among other reasons, they are probably afraid of going to the hospital on account of the risk of contracting COVID-19. It is also possible that some patients with cardiovascular problems are seeking medical attention, but the symptoms they present may be confused with those of COVID-19. Express recommendations for people to stay home, in addition to restrictions on traffic and movement, also contribute to the scenario that we have detected in our hospital. It would not be an exaggeration to say that these individuals have also become victims of COVID-19, even without having contracted the disease.</p>
        <p>Regardless of the cause, the results of our study reflect what is happening in several other places. These facts have the potential to generate a worrying collateral effect, namely, a substantial increase in morbidity and mortality, both short and medium term, due to causes other than the infection caused by SARS-COV 2.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> This would be the other side of the COVID-19 tragedy. It is possible that, soon, we will face an ascending, post-pandemic curve composed of patients with serious complications secondary to pathologies that could have been adequately treated, had they been previously attended at a time which would have, theoretically, been more favorable.</p>
        <p>Our results open perspectives for other researchers to investigate the real outcomes of patients who are not attending elective medical consultations, chemotherapy sessions, radiotherapy sessions, and the cardiac ER, as well as those who are not undergoing routine examinations and/or oncological or cardiac surgeries during the COVID-19 pandemic. This would complement our findings and bring important information to the medical community and to patients themselves.</p>
        <p>There are some limitations to this study. It was a single center study, and the observation period was relatively short. We did not follow up the outcomes of patients who stopped coming to consultations and/or procedures in our hospital. We observed the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on the care practice of a tertiary hospital as a whole, but we did not characterize the pathologies that brought patients to the hospital.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclusion</title>
        <p>The COVID-19 pandemic caused an important reduction in the number of consultations in the cardiology, oncology and other specialties outpatient clinics at our hospital. We also noticed a considerable decrease in the number of cardiac surgeries and in chemotherapy and radiotherapy sessions in the initial weeks of the pandemic. The demand for care in the cardiac ER, as well as the number of hospitalizations in the ICU and cardiology ward, also reduced, generating concern about the evolution and prognosis of these patients with other pathologies, other than COVID-19, in these pandemic times.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Study Association</p>
          <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <p>Sources of Funding</p>
          <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
