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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">ZZMhzx7vFQ9GCj79rRk9PPg</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2020001300860</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20200563</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20200563</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Resultado Evolutivo de Infartos Agudos do Mioc&#225;rdio em Cinco Regi&#245;es Geogr&#225;ficas Brasileiras ao Longo de Duas D&#233;cadas</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6904-3039</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Mansur</surname>
            <given-names>Alfredo Jos&#233;</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Alfredo Jos&#233; Mansur</bold> &#8226; Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo - Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44. CEP <postal-code>05403-000</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil. E-mail: <email>ajmansur@cardiol.br</email>, <email>ajmansur@incor.usp.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>07</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>115</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <fpage>860</fpage>
      <lpage>861</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares/complica&#231;&#245;es</kwd>
        <kwd>Infarto do Mioc&#225;rdio</kwd>
        <kwd>Mortalidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Morbidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Epidemiologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Administra&#231;&#227;o em Sa&#250;de P&#250;blica</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="9"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Este &#233; um m&#233;todo de pesquisa atual para avaliar o desfecho de doen&#231;as ao longo de d&#233;cadas, principalmente nas doen&#231;as mais prevalentes, como o infarto do mioc&#225;rdio, um problema de sa&#250;de p&#250;blica com impacto significativo na morbidade e mortalidade da popula&#231;&#227;o. Al&#233;m de evoluir ao longo do tempo, as condi&#231;&#245;es locais tamb&#233;m podem contribuir para diferen&#231;as de desfecho, principalmente em pa&#237;ses com dimens&#245;es continentais como o Brasil, bem como com grandes popula&#231;&#245;es (206.081.432 habitantes em 2016; 210.147.125 habitantes em 2019).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> Outras vari&#225;veis epidemiol&#243;gicas, como idade, sexo, acesso a tratamento, comorbidades, etc., fazem parte do espectro cont&#237;nuo da aten&#231;&#227;o &#224; sa&#250;de e dos fatores de risco para doen&#231;as cardiovasculares.</p>
    <p>No presente estudo<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref> os autores avaliaram dados de mortalidade do Sistema de Informa&#231;&#227;o sobre Mortalidade em cinco regi&#245;es geogr&#225;ficas brasileiras entre 1996 e 2016. Os pesquisadores corrigiram dados obtidos de atestados de &#243;bito ajustando-os para: a) causas mal definidas de morte; b) causas b&#225;sicas inespec&#237;ficas ou incompletas (<italic>garbage codes</italic>) sem sentido para um estudo de causalidade; c) corre&#231;&#227;o por sub-registro ou notifica&#231;&#227;o. A an&#225;lise foi realizada em uma s&#233;rie temporal com regress&#227;o linear segmentada.</p>
    <p>Inconsist&#234;ncias refletem limita&#231;&#245;es nas instala&#231;&#245;es e recursos de tratamento, no diagn&#243;stico e nos detalhes operacionais na coleta, processamento e notifica&#231;&#227;o de dados nos atestados de &#243;bito. Esfor&#231;os para melhor qualifica&#231;&#227;o dos dados de sa&#250;de s&#227;o um objetivo constante na aten&#231;&#227;o &#224; sa&#250;de e continuamente estimulados nos diferentes n&#237;veis de organiza&#231;&#227;o do Sistema<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref> coleta e an&#225;lise de dados.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref> </p>
    <p>Os resultados do estudo demonstraram diferen&#231;as na qualidade dos dados examinados entre as capitais e algumas cidades do interior. Houve tend&#234;ncia de diminui&#231;&#227;o da mortalidade por infarto do mioc&#225;rdio. No entanto, essa queda n&#227;o foi homog&#234;nea em todas as regi&#245;es do pa&#237;s no per&#237;odo do estudo. Na regi&#227;o Nordeste n&#227;o foi este o caso.</p>
    <p>Al&#233;m das diferen&#231;as regionais, surgiu uma diferen&#231;a adicional em rela&#231;&#227;o ao sexo: houve um aumento da mortalidade em mulheres na regi&#227;o Nordeste entre 2002 a 2006. As apresenta&#231;&#245;es fisiopatol&#243;gicas, cl&#237;nicas e os desfechos podem ter caracter&#237;sticas espec&#237;ficas nas mulheres em rela&#231;&#227;o aos homens.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref> Em alguns estudos foi sugerido que o acesso ao tratamento pode ser otimizado.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref> </p>
    <p>Algumas outras vari&#225;veis relacionadas ao desfecho est&#227;o fora do escopo dessas investiga&#231;&#245;es, conforme reconhecidos pelos autores, como hipertens&#227;o, obesidade, diabetes, tabagismo, hipercolesterolemia, hist&#243;rico familiar de doen&#231;a cardiovascular e infarto do mioc&#225;rdio. No entanto, elas n&#227;o chegam a atingir um ponto de aprendizado com a contribui&#231;&#227;o dos achados deste estudo.</p>
    <p>Os autores conclu&#237;ram que, apesar de uma tend&#234;ncia de queda na mortalidade por infarto do mioc&#225;rdio em diferentes regi&#245;es do Brasil, essa queda foi heterog&#234;nea no decorrer desta pesquisa e em rela&#231;&#227;o ao sexo. Significa que h&#225; avan&#231;os a serem trabalhados neste campo da sa&#250;de.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>
          <italic>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Mortalidade por Infarto Agudo do Mioc&#225;rdio no Brasil de 1996 a 2016: 21 Anos de Contrastes nas Regi&#245;es Brasileiras</italic>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Evolving Outcome of Acute Myocardial Infarctions in Five Brazilian Geographic Regions Over Two Decades</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6904-3039</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Mansur</surname>
            <given-names>Alfredo Jos&#233;</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Alfredo Jos&#233; Mansur</bold> &#8226; Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo - Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44. Postal Code <postal-code>05403-000</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil. E-mail: <email>ajmansur@cardiol.br</email>, <email>ajmansur@incor.usp.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases/complication</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial Infarction</kwd>
        <kwd>Mortality</kwd>
        <kwd>Morbidity</kwd>
        <kwd>Epidemiology</kwd>
        <kwd>Public Health Administration</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>It is a current research method to evaluate the outcome of diseases over decades, mainly in most prevalent diseases such as myocardial infarction, a public health issue with a significant toll in morbidity and mortality of the population. In addition to evolving over time, local conditions may also contribute to differences in outcome, mainly in countries with continental dimensions as Brazil is, as well as with large populations (206.081.432 habitants in 2016; 210.147.125 habitants in 2019).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> Other epidemiologic variables, such as age, sex, access to treatment, co-morbidities, etc. &#8211; are part of the continuous spectrum of health care and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.</p>
      <p>In the current study<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref> authors evaluated mortality data from a National Database System on Mortality in five geographic Brazilian regions between 1996 and 2016. Researchers corrected obtained from death certificates adjusting for: a) ill defined causes of death; b) codes-garbage without meaning for a causality study; c) correction for under registry or notification. The analysis was made in time series with segmented linear regression.</p>
      <p>Inconsistencies would reflect limitations in treatment facilities and resources, in diagnosis and operational details in data collecting, processing and reporting in the deaths certificates. Efforts for better qualifying health data is a constant drive in health care and is continuously stimulated at the different levels of organization of the system,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref> data collection and analysis.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref> </p>
      <p>The results of the study demonstrated differences in the quality of examined data between State capitals and some cities in the countryside. There was a tendency to decrease in mortality due to myocardial infarction. However, such a decrease was not homogeneous in every region of the country in the study period. In the Northeast region that was not the case.</p>
      <p>In addition to the regional differences, an additional difference emerged relative to sex: there was an increase in mortality in women in the Northeast region between 2002 to 2006. Pathophysiological, clinical presentations, and outcome may have specific characteristic in women relative to men.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref> In some studies, it was suggested that access to treatment might be optimizes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref> </p>
      <p>Some other variables related to outcome are out of the scope of this investigations as the authors recognized such as hypertension, obesity, diabetes, smoking, hypercholesterolemia, family history of cardiovascular disease and myocardial infarction. However, they are not to the point of learning with the contribution of the findings of this study.</p>
      <p>The authors concluded that in spite of a tendency in decrease in mortality due to myocardial infarction in different regions of Brazil, such a decrease was heterogeneous in the time course of this research and relative to sex. It means that there is progress to be worked out in this field of health care.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>
            <italic>Short Editorial related to the article: Mortality Due to Acute Myocardial Infarction in Brazil from 1996 to 2016: 21 Years of Disparities in Brazilian Regions</italic>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
