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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">FSh5nV6rp5fQhDXSqdrxmDq</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2020001200776</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20201004</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20201004</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Posicionamento</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Posicionamento &#8211; Protocolo de Reconex&#227;o dos Servi&#231;os de Cardiologia com os Pacientes Durante a Pandemia de COVID-19 &#8211; 2020</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3711-1754</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Bittencourt</surname>
            <given-names>Marcio Sommer</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1010-2428</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Generoso</surname>
            <given-names>Giuliano</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6928-1179</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Melo</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro Henrique M. Craveiro de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9454-5236</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Peixoto</surname>
            <given-names>Driele</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1455-4074</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Miranda</surname>
            <given-names>&#201;rique Jos&#233; Farias Peixoto de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7452-3870</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Mesquita</surname>
            <given-names>Evandro Tinoco</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>5</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>6</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7040-396X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Brand&#227;o</surname>
            <given-names>Andr&#233;a Araujo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
            <sup>7</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3345-8862</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Saraiva</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; Francisco Kerr</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
            <sup>8</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0711-7995</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Barberato</surname>
            <given-names>Silvio Henrique</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">
            <sup>9</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7603-2752</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Bacal</surname>
            <given-names>Fernando</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">
            <sup>10</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">
            <sup>11</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1253-1514</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Lopes</surname>
            <given-names>Marcelo Ant&#244;nio Cartaxo Queiroga</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12">
            <sup>12</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital Universit&#225;rio</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Universit&#225;rio da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo (USP), S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital S&#237;rio Liban&#234;s</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital S&#237;rio Liban&#234;s, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>3</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto do C&#226;ncer do Estado de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do C&#226;ncer do Estado de S&#227;o Paulo (ICESP), S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>4</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Bayer Pharmaceuticals SA</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Bayer Pharmaceuticals SA, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff5">
          <label>5</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal Fluminense</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Niter&#243;i</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niter&#243;i, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff6">
          <label>6</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Centro de Ensino e Treinamento Edson de Godoy Bueno / UHG</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Centro de Ensino e Treinamento Edson de Godoy Bueno / UHG, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff7">
          <label>7</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias M&#233;dicas</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias M&#233;dicas da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FCM/UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff8">
          <label>8</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Sociedade Campineira de Educa&#231;&#227;o e Instru&#231;&#227;o</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">campinas</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Sociedade Campineira de Educa&#231;&#227;o e Instru&#231;&#227;o, campinas, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff9">
          <label>9</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">CardioEco Centro de Diagn&#243;stico Cardiovascular</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Curitiba</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">CardioEco Centro de Diagn&#243;stico Cardiovascular, Curitiba, PR &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff10">
          <label>10</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff11">
          <label>11</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff12">
          <label>12</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Alberto Urquiza Wanderley</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Jo&#227;o Pessoa</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">PB</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Alberto Urquiza Wanderley, Jo&#227;o Pessoa, PB &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia:</bold> Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia &#8211; Av. Marechal C&#226;mara, 360/330 &#8211; Centro &#8211; Rio de Janeiro &#8211; CEP: <postal-code>20020-907</postal-code>. E-mail: <email>diretrizes@cardiol.br</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>23</day>
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>115</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>776</fpage>
      <lpage>799</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="6"/>
        <table-count count="48"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="28"/>
        <page-count count="24"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p><bold>Realiza&#231;&#227;o:</bold> Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</p>
    <p><bold>Conselho de Normatiza&#231;&#245;es e Diretrizes (2020-2021):</bold> Brivaldo Markman Filho, Antonio Carlos Sobral Sousa, Aurora Felice Castro Issa, Bruno Ramos Nascimento, Harry Correa Filho, Marcelo Luiz Campos Vieira</p>
    <p><bold>Coordenador de Normatiza&#231;&#245;es e Diretrizes (2020-2021):</bold> Brivaldo Markman Filho</p>
    <table-wrap id="t25">
      <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
        <colgroup width="50%">
          <col/>
          <col/>
        </colgroup>
        <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
          <tr style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <th align="center" valign="middle" colspan="2">O relat&#243;rio abaixo lista as declara&#231;&#245;es de conflito de interesse conforme relatadas &#224; SBC pelos especialistas durante o per&#237;odo de desenvolvimento desta diretriz, 2020.</th>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <th align="left" valign="middle">Especialista</th>
            <th align="left" valign="middle">Tipo de relacionamento com a ind&#250;stria</th>
          </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
          <tr>
            <td align="left" valign="middle">Andr&#233;a Araujo Brand&#227;o</td>
            <td align="left" valign="middle">DECLARA&#199;&#195;O FINANCEIRA<break/> A - PAGAMENTO DE QUALQUER ESP&#201;CIE E DESDE QUE ECONOMICAMENTE APRECI&#193;VEIS, FEITOS A (i) VOC&#202;, (ii) AO SEU C&#212;NJUGE/COMPANHEIRO OU A QUALQUER OUTRO MEMBRO QUE RESIDA COM VOC&#202;, (iii) A QUALQUER PESSOA JUR&#205;DICA EM QUE QUALQUER DESTES SEJA CONTROLADOR, S&#211;CIO, ACIONISTA OU PARTICIPANTE, DE FORMA DIRETA OU INDIRETA, RECEBIMENTO POR PALESTRAS, AULAS, ATUA&#199;&#195;O COMO PROCTOR DE TREINAMENTOS, REMUNERA&#199;&#213;ES, HONOR&#193;RIOS PAGOS POR PARTICIPA&#199;&#213;ES EM CONSELHOS CONSULTIVOS, DE INVESTIGADORES, OU OUTROS COMIT&#202;S, ETC. PROVENIENTES DA IND&#218;STRIA FARMAC&#202;UTICA, DE &#211;RTESES, PR&#211;TESES, EQUIPAMENTOS E IMPLANTES, BRASILEIRAS OU ESTRANGEIRAS:<break/> - Servier: Palestras<break/> - Libbs: Hipertens&#227;o arterial<break/> - Novartis: Insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca<break/> - EMS: Hipertens&#227;o arterial<break/> - Sandoz: Hipertens&#227;o arterial<break/> - Abbott: Hipertens&#227;o arterial<break/> OUTROS RELACIONAMENTOS:<break/> FINANCIAMENTO DE ATIVIDADES DE EDUCA&#199;&#195;O M&#201;DICA CONTINUADA, INCLUINDO VIAGENS, HOSPEDAGENS E INSCRI&#199;&#213;ES PARA CONGRESSOS E CURSOS, PROVENIENTES DA IND&#218;STRIA FARMAC&#202;UTICA, DE &#211;RTESES, PR&#211;TESES, EQUIPAMENTOS E IMPLANTES, BRASILEIRAS OU ESTRANGEIRAS:<break/> - Servier: Hipertens&#227;o arterial</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <td align="left" valign="middle">Driele Peixoto</td>
            <td align="left" valign="middle">Nada a ser declarado</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left" valign="middle">&#201;rique Jos&#233; Farias Peixoto de Miranda,</td>
            <td align="left" valign="middle">DECLARA&#199;&#195;O FINANCEIRA<break/> A - PAGAMENTO DE QUALQUER ESP&#201;CIE E DESDE QUE ECONOMICAMENTE APRECI&#193;VEIS, FEITOS A (i) VOC&#202;, (ii) AO SEU C&#212;NJUGE/COMPANHEIRO OU A QUALQUER OUTRO MEMBRO QUE RESIDA COM VOC&#202;, (iii) A QUALQUER PESSOA JUR&#205;DICA EM QUE QUALQUER DESTES SEJA CONTROLADOR, S&#211;CIO, ACIONISTA OU PARTICIPANTE, DE FORMA DIRETA OU INDIRETA, RECEBIMENTO POR PALESTRAS, AULAS, ATUA&#199;&#195;O COMO PROCTOR DE TREINAMENTOS, REMUNERA&#199;&#213;ES, HONOR&#193;RIOS PAGOS POR PARTICIPA&#199;&#213;ES EM CONSELHOS CONSULTIVOS, DE INVESTIGADORES, OU OUTROS COMIT&#202;S, ETC. PROVENIENTES DA IND&#218;STRIA FARMAC&#202;UTICA, DE &#211;RTESES, PR&#211;TESES, EQUIPAMENTOS E IMPLANTES, BRASILEIRAS OU ESTRANGEIRAS:w<break/> - Bayer: Xarelto<break/> OUTROS RELACIONAMENTOS<break/> V&#205;NCULO EMPREGAT&#205;CIO COM A IND&#218;STRIA FARMAC&#202;UTICA, DE &#211;RTESES, PR&#211;TESES,<break/> EQUIPAMENTOS E IMPLANTES, BRASILEIRAS OU ESTRANGEIRAS, ASSIM COMO SE TEM<break/> RELA&#199;&#195;O V&#205;NCULO EMPREGAT&#205;CIO COM OPERADORAS DE PLANOS DE SA&#218;DE OU EM<break/> AUDITORIAS M&#201;DICAS (INCLUINDO MEIO PER&#205;ODO) DURANTE O ANO PARA O QUAL VOC&#202; EST&#193; DECLARANDO:<break/> - Bayer</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="border-top: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <td align="left" valign="middle">Evandro Tinoco Mesquita</td>
            <td align="left" valign="middle">OUTROS RELACIONAMENTOS<break/> V&#205;NCULO EMPREGAT&#205;CIO COM A IND&#218;STRIA FARMAC&#202;UTICA, DE &#211;RTESES, PR&#211;TESES,<break/> EQUIPAMENTOS E IMPLANTES, BRASILEIRAS OU ESTRANGEIRAS, ASSIM COMO SE TEM<break/> RELA&#199;&#195;O V&#205;NCULO EMPREGAT&#205;CIO COM OPERADORAS DE PLANOS DE SA&#218;DE OU EM<break/> AUDITORIAS M&#201;DICAS (INCLUINDO MEIO PER&#205;ODO) DURANTE O ANO PARA O QUAL VOC&#202; EST&#193; DECLARANDO:<break/> - UnitedHealth Group</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left" valign="middle">Fernando Bacal</td>
            <td align="left" valign="middle">DECLARA&#199;&#195;O FINANCEIRA<break/> A - PAGAMENTO DE QUALQUER ESP&#201;CIE E DESDE QUE ECONOMICAMENTE APRECI&#193;VEIS, FEITOS A (i) VOC&#202;, (ii) AO SEU C&#212;NJUGE/COMPANHEIRO OU A QUALQUER OUTRO MEMBRO QUE RESIDA COM VOC&#202;, (iii) A QUALQUER PESSOA JUR&#205;DICA EM QUE QUALQUER DESTES SEJA CONTROLADOR, S&#211;CIO, ACIONISTA OU PARTICIPANTE, DE FORMA DIRETA OU INDIRETA, RECEBIMENTO POR PALESTRAS, AULAS, ATUA&#199;&#195;O COMO PROCTOR DE TREINAMENTOS, REMUNERA&#199;&#213;ES, HONOR&#193;RIOS PAGOS POR PARTICIPA&#199;&#213;ES EM CONSELHOS CONSULTIVOS, DE INVESTIGADORES, OU OUTROS COMIT&#202;S, ETC. PROVENIENTES DA IND&#218;STRIA FARMAC&#202;UTICA, DE &#211;RTESES, PR&#211;TESES, EQUIPAMENTOS E IMPLANTES, BRASILEIRAS OU ESTRANGEIRAS<break/> - Novartis: Entresto</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="border-top: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <td align="left" valign="middle">Giuliano Generoso</td>
            <td align="left" valign="middle">Nada a ser declarado</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="border-top: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <td align="left" valign="middle">Jos&#233; Francisco Kerr Saraiva</td>
            <td align="left" valign="middle">Nada a ser declarado</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="border-top: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <td align="left" valign="middle">Marcelo Ant&#244;nio Cartaxo Queiroga Lopes</td>
            <td align="left" valign="middle">Nada a ser declarado</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="border-top: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <td align="left" valign="middle">Marcio Sommer Bittencourt</td>
            <td align="left" valign="middle">DECLARA&#199;&#195;O FINANCEIRA<break/> A - PAGAMENTO DE QUALQUER ESP&#201;CIE E DESDE QUE ECONOMICAMENTE APRECI&#193;VEIS, FEITOS A (i) VOC&#202;, (ii) AO SEU C&#212;NJUGE/COMPANHEIRO OU A QUALQUER OUTRO MEMBRO QUE RESIDA COM VOC&#202;, (iii) A QUALQUER PESSOA JUR&#205;DICA EM QUE QUALQUER DESTES SEJA CONTROLADOR, S&#211;CIO, ACIONISTA OU PARTICIPANTE, DE FORMA DIRETA OU INDIRETA, RECEBIMENTO POR PALESTRAS, AULAS, ATUA&#199;&#195;O COMO PROCTOR DE TREINAMENTOS, REMUNERA&#199;&#213;ES, HONOR&#193;RIOS PAGOS POR PARTICIPA&#199;&#213;ES EM CONSELHOS CONSULTIVOS, DE INVESTIGADORES, OU OUTROS COMIT&#202;S, ETC. PROVENIENTES DA IND&#218;STRIA FARMAC&#202;UTICA, DE &#211;RTESES, PR&#211;TESES, EQUIPAMENTOS E IMPLANTES, BRASILEIRAS OU ESTRANGEIRAS:<break/> - Sanofi: Pesquisa<break/> - EMS: Palestras<break/> Novo Nordisk: Palestras<break/> C - FINANCIAMENTO DE PESQUISA (PESSOAL), CUJAS RECEITAS TENHAM SIDO PROVENIENTES DA IND&#218;STRIA FARMAC&#202;UTICA, DE &#211;RTESES, PR&#211;TESES, EQUIPAMENTOS E IMPLANTES, BRASILEIRAS OU ESTRANGEIRAS:<break/> - Sanofi: Pesquisa</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="border-top: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <td align="left" valign="middle">Pedro Henrique M. Craveiro de Melo</td>
            <td align="left" valign="middle">Nada a ser declarado</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="border-top: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <td align="left" valign="middle">Silvio Henrique Barberato</td>
            <td align="left" valign="middle">Nada a ser declarado</td>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
      </table>
    </table-wrap>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>1. Introdu&#231;&#227;o e Conceitos Gerais</title>
      <p>A pandemia resultante da infec&#231;&#227;o pelo novo coronav&#237;rus (SARS-CoV-2), denominada COVID-19, teve in&#237;cio em Wuhan, na China, em dezembro de 2019.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref> J&#225; acometeu milh&#245;es de pessoas em todo o mundo, resultando em centenas de milhares de mortes.</p>
      <p>A transmiss&#227;o do v&#237;rus ocorre principalmente de pessoa a pessoa<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref> de forma direta pelas vias respirat&#243;rias ou pelo contato indireto com superf&#237;cies e objetos contaminados. As infec&#231;&#245;es respirat&#243;rias acontecem atrav&#233;s da transmiss&#227;o de got&#237;culas contendo v&#237;rus (&gt; 5 <italic>&#956;</italic>m com extens&#227;o aproximada de 1,5 m) ou aeross&#243;is (&#8804; 5 <italic>&#956;</italic>m com extens&#227;o aproximada de 8 m) exalados por indiv&#237;duos infectados.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref> Dados recentes sugerem poss&#237;vel transmiss&#227;o pelo ar. O contato de got&#237;culas respirat&#243;rias contaminadas, eliminadas pela respira&#231;&#227;o, fala, espirro e tosse de pessoas infectadas, com as mucosas de olhos, boca e nariz de indiv&#237;duos suscet&#237;veis resulta na transmiss&#227;o do SARS-CoV-2. Com a expans&#227;o da pandemia de COVID-19 e o r&#225;pido aumento de casos, estudos demonstraram a viabilidade do v&#237;rus no ambiente e o papel das superf&#237;cies contaminadas na transmiss&#227;o hospitalar da COVID-19.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref> Com base na transmiss&#227;o por got&#237;culas, os Centros para Controle e Preven&#231;&#227;o de Doen&#231;as dos Estados Unidos recomendam distanciamento f&#237;sico de no m&#237;nimo 1,5 m e higieniza&#231;&#227;o das m&#227;os para redu&#231;&#227;o da propaga&#231;&#227;o do v&#237;rus.</p>
      <p>A apresenta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica da COVID-19 pode variar desde uma forma leve a moderada, que &#233; mais frequente e acomete 80% dos casos, at&#233; uma mais grave, que acomete os outros 20% com quadro compar&#225;vel ao que no Brasil se define como s&#237;ndrome respirat&#243;ria aguda grave (SRAG).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> Os sintomas mais sens&#237;veis da forma leve/moderada s&#227;o tosse n&#227;o produtiva e febre, que pode ou n&#227;o ocorrer no momento da apresenta&#231;&#227;o, ao passo que os mais espec&#237;ficos s&#227;o altera&#231;&#227;o do olfato e do paladar.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> A SRAG &#233; definida como uma s&#237;ndrome gripal (SG) associada a dispneia/desconforto respirat&#243;rio ou press&#227;o persistente no t&#243;rax ou satura&#231;&#227;o de O<sub>2</sub> menor que 95% em ar ambiente ou colora&#231;&#227;o azulada dos l&#225;bios ou rosto, com taquipneia, cianose e grave acometimento pulmonar.</p>
      <p>Devido ao potencial de dissemina&#231;&#227;o do v&#237;rus, &#224; apresenta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica grave em uma parte dos casos e &#224; inexist&#234;ncia de tratamento viral espec&#237;fico, ou mesmo de vacina, medidas n&#227;o farmacol&#243;gicas s&#227;o as interven&#231;&#245;es mais eficazes at&#233; o presente momento.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref> Essas interven&#231;&#245;es n&#227;o farmacol&#243;gicas t&#234;m como objetivo reduzir a transmiss&#227;o interpessoal do v&#237;rus por diminui&#231;&#227;o do contato entre infectados e suscet&#237;veis, quer seja por aumento da dist&#226;ncia entre as pessoas, redu&#231;&#227;o da intensidade e da dura&#231;&#227;o do contato, quer seja pelo uso de medidas e dispositivos f&#237;sicos ou qu&#237;micos que impe&#231;am a passagem do v&#237;rus de uma pessoa para outra.</p>
      <p>As interven&#231;&#245;es n&#227;o farmacol&#243;gicas podem ser divididas em:</p>
      <list list-type="bullet">
        <list-item>
          <p>Distanciamento f&#237;sico: consiste no afastamento f&#237;sico de no m&#237;nimo 2,0 m entre os indiv&#237;duos, tendo como exemplo o fechamento de escolas e de espa&#231;os de alta concentra&#231;&#227;o de pessoas e restri&#231;&#227;o de viagens.</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <p>Medidas de bloqueio de transmiss&#227;o: higieniza&#231;&#227;o das m&#227;os com &#225;gua e sab&#227;o ou &#225;lcool, etiqueta da tosse e utiliza&#231;&#227;o de m&#225;scaras ou outras barreiras f&#237;sicas de contato.</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <p>Identifica&#231;&#227;o e isolamento de casos suspeitos ou confirmados: manter os casos em isolamento individual.</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <p>Quarentena de contatos: rastreamento ativo dos contatos do caso e institui&#231;&#227;o de isolamento social, al&#233;m de observa&#231;&#227;o da evolu&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica para casos suspeitos.</p>
        </list-item>
      </list>
      <p>Infelizmente, a popula&#231;&#227;o sofre as repercuss&#245;es dessa crise humanit&#225;ria n&#227;o apenas pela COVID-19, como tamb&#233;m pelos danos colaterais associados a atrasos e redu&#231;&#227;o no atendimento de outras doen&#231;as em ambiente de pronto-socorro, redu&#231;&#227;o do acesso a cuidados de doen&#231;as cr&#244;nicas em ambiente ambulatorial e maior exposi&#231;&#227;o aos fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de doen&#231;as (sedentarismo, obesidade, ansiedade e estresse emocional). Somem-se a isso perdas econ&#244;micas, impacto psicol&#243;gico e <italic>burnout</italic> associado &#224; pandemia. S&#227;o duas as principais circunst&#226;ncias em que ocorre essa diminui&#231;&#227;o no cuidado adequado &#224; sa&#250;de. Primeiro, h&#225; redu&#231;&#227;o de consultas m&#233;dicas e exames de rotina. Essa disrup&#231;&#227;o no atendimento de pacientes cr&#244;nicos pode levar a descompensa&#231;&#227;o aguda de condi&#231;&#245;es como hipertens&#227;o arterial, diabetes e insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca. Da mesma forma, podem ser enfrentadas consequ&#234;ncias graves relacionadas &#224; redu&#231;&#227;o da procura e &#224; demora no atendimento hospitalar de urg&#234;ncia e emerg&#234;ncia em circunst&#226;ncias como s&#237;ndromes coronarianas agudas, insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca aguda e acidentes vasculares encef&#225;licos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref></p>
      <p>Buscando minimizar essas adversidades, a Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia (SBC) compilou orienta&#231;&#245;es baseadas em evid&#234;ncias recentes, mesmo que limitadas e por vezes fundamentadas em opini&#245;es de especialistas ou relatos preliminares, para criar um direcionamento estruturado visando &#224; reconex&#227;o do m&#233;dico com os pacientes de forma planejada na reabertura de servi&#231;os de cardiologia. Tal direcionamento tem por objetivo diminuir o risco tanto para pacientes e acompanhantes quanto para profissionais de sa&#250;de envolvidos nas atividades cl&#237;nicas da Cardiologia.</p>
      <p>As recomenda&#231;&#245;es contidas neste documento s&#227;o baseadas nas evid&#234;ncias dispon&#237;veis no momento da sua elabora&#231;&#227;o e na opini&#227;o de especialistas. O conhecimento em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; COVID-19 evolui de forma din&#226;mica e r&#225;pida, logo, os protocolos para reintrodu&#231;&#227;o com seguran&#231;a de atendimentos m&#233;dicos, procedimentos invasivos e procedimentos n&#227;o invasivos est&#227;o em constante evolu&#231;&#227;o e adapta&#231;&#227;o. Este projeto foi idealizado pela SBC como uma fonte de refer&#234;ncia para seus associados. As recomenda&#231;&#245;es apresentadas, contudo, n&#227;o devem ser usadas como &#250;nica base para a defini&#231;&#227;o de protocolos locais, devendo outras fontes atualizadas ser consideradas &#224; medida que o conhecimento na &#225;rea evolui.</p>
      <p>O presente posicionamento busca alinhar as seguintes demandas:</p>
      <list list-type="bullet">
        <list-item>
          <p>Minimizar o risco de transmiss&#227;o do SARS-CoV-2 entre pacientes, profissionais de sa&#250;de e outros envolvidos no atendimento.</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <p>Identificar precocemente casos suspeitos de COVID-19 e implementar procedimento de triagem para atribuir n&#237;veis adequados de atendimento, reduzir o risco de complica&#231;&#245;es da COVID-19 e das doen&#231;as cardiovasculares presentes, assim como diminuir o risco de transmiss&#227;o.</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <p>Fornecer informa&#231;&#245;es sobre cuidados relacionados &#224; COVID-19 de maneira segura e confi&#225;vel para pacientes e profissionais de sa&#250;de.</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <p>Reduzir os impactos negativos nos pronto-atendimentos e interna&#231;&#245;es hospitalares pela falta do tratamento ambulatorial de condi&#231;&#245;es pr&#233;-existentes.</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <p>Otimizar a utiliza&#231;&#227;o de equipamento de prote&#231;&#227;o individual (EPI).</p>
        </list-item>
      </list>
      <p>Assim, para promover atendimento de excel&#234;ncia, mantendo a seguran&#231;a do profissional de sa&#250;de e do paciente com doen&#231;a cardiovascular, devemos admitir as seguintes premissas:</p>
      <list list-type="bullet">
        <list-item>
          <p>Como a apresenta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica &#233; vari&#225;vel, a defini&#231;&#227;o da presen&#231;a ou aus&#234;ncia de infec&#231;&#227;o por SARS-CoV-2 pode n&#227;o ser poss&#237;vel apenas com a avalia&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica inicial. Protocolos claros de triagem devem ser utilizados para minimizar o risco de pacientes suspeitos circularem no ambiente de sa&#250;de, salvo para atendimento de urg&#234;ncia ou emerg&#234;ncia. Caso necess&#225;ria, essa circula&#231;&#227;o deve acontecer com o menor risco de contamina&#231;&#227;o poss&#237;vel.</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <p>Todos os profissionais de sa&#250;de devem ser continuadamente treinados com rela&#231;&#227;o a boas pr&#225;ticas, protocolos institucionais e fluxogramas de atendimento.</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <p>Os atendimentos de emerg&#234;ncia devem seguir o mesmo protocolo dos cuidados com pacientes com COVID-19 confirmada/suspeita, pois n&#227;o &#233; poss&#237;vel descartar COVID-19 em tempo h&#225;bil para o atendimento adequado, que deve continuar dispon&#237;vel em sua capacidade total.</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <p>Os procedimentos eletivos e semi-eletivos ser&#227;o retomados ap&#243;s planejamento, em menor escala do que sua capacidade pr&#233;via, com reavalia&#231;&#227;o cont&#237;nua de comit&#234; diretor respons&#225;vel, sempre respeitando as autoriza&#231;&#245;es e eventuais restri&#231;&#245;es &#224; circula&#231;&#227;o, com abertura de servi&#231;os m&#233;dicos definida pelas autoridades competentes.</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <p>As rotas de acesso aos equipamentos diagn&#243;sticos devem ser destacadas para os servi&#231;os de transporte e indicadas para pacientes e demais funcion&#225;rios que n&#227;o perten&#231;am ao setor m&#233;dico de atendimento com o objetivo de minimizar o contato entre profissionais da sa&#250;de e pacientes e a sua exposi&#231;&#227;o. Para pacientes com suspeita ou confirma&#231;&#227;o de COVID-19 em que o exame ou procedimento seja necess&#225;rio, os fluxos e as rotas de atendimento, bem como as &#225;reas de espera correspondentes, devem ser separados das vias normais do paciente sem suspeita de infec&#231;&#227;o por SARS-CoV-2.</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <p>Redu&#231;&#227;o do fluxo de pessoal e da exposi&#231;&#227;o da equipe (profissionais administrativos da recep&#231;&#227;o, profissionais de higiene, profissionais de sa&#250;de).</p>
        </list-item>
      </list>
      <p>Finalmente, para hierarquiza&#231;&#227;o dos fluxos de atendimento nas diversas &#225;reas da assist&#234;ncia m&#233;dica em cardiologia, &#233; necess&#225;rio definir o perfil cl&#237;nico do paciente, a proximidade f&#237;sica do paciente com a equipe de sa&#250;de e o tipo de contato durante o atendimento, al&#233;m do n&#237;vel de urg&#234;ncia para o tratamento da doen&#231;a card&#237;aca.</p>
      <p>O momento da reintrodu&#231;&#227;o do atendimento em cardiologia deve estar alinhado com as pol&#237;ticas institucionais e seguir as recomenda&#231;&#245;es das autoridades competentes. Considera&#231;&#245;es importantes incluem a incid&#234;ncia local de pacientes com infec&#231;&#227;o por SARS-CoV-2 e a tend&#234;ncia do n&#250;mero de casos, bem como recursos institucionais dispon&#237;veis, incluindo instala&#231;&#245;es, recursos humanos e cadeias de suprimento de EPI. Por exemplo, pode ser necess&#225;ria a suspens&#227;o tempor&#225;ria de atendimentos eletivos se o estoque de EPI estiver limitado, a fim de evitar o desabastecimento do atendimento de urg&#234;ncia e emerg&#234;ncia.</p>
      <p>&#192; medida que as regi&#245;es do pa&#237;s caminhem para situa&#231;&#227;o de controle da epidemia de COVID-19 ap&#243;s o impacto transformador imposto aos servi&#231;os de sa&#250;de, tais orienta&#231;&#245;es poder&#227;o sofrer flexibiliza&#231;&#227;o regionalizada. Al&#233;m disso, o acompanhamento de casos de pacientes e prestadores de servi&#231;o &#233; crucial para a identifica&#231;&#227;o da progress&#227;o de poss&#237;vel transmiss&#227;o local e necessidade de aumento do n&#237;vel de resposta dentro de institui&#231;&#245;es m&#233;dicas, particularmente as que possuem leitos de interna&#231;&#227;o. Portanto, &#233; essencial que a comunidade m&#233;dica permane&#231;a vigilante e atenta ao car&#225;ter din&#226;mico das recomenda&#231;&#245;es tanto na esfera estadual ou municipal como at&#233; mesmo dentro de seu consult&#243;rio, cl&#237;nica ou institui&#231;&#227;o hospitalar.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>2. Perfis do Atendimento, Cl&#237;nico do Paciente e do Ambiente de Atendimento</title>
      <sec>
        <title>a. Orienta&#231;&#245;es Gerais Aplic&#225;veis a Todos os Ambientes de Atendimento</title>
        <p>Para obter &#234;xito na retomada das atividades, &#233; essencial que todo servi&#231;o de atendimento m&#233;dico defina um plano local elaborado com participa&#231;&#227;o ativa dos membros da equipe m&#233;dica, dos profissionais com experi&#234;ncia no controle de infec&#231;&#245;es e seguran&#231;a do paciente e de demais profissionais de sa&#250;de envolvidos na pr&#225;tica assistencial. Assim, destacamos um plano de medidas iniciais aplic&#225;vel a todos os n&#237;veis de atendimento.</p>
        <list list-type="bullet">
          <list-item>
            <p>Iniciar o retorno &#224;s atividades com capacidade reduzida, por exemplo algo pr&#243;ximo de 25% da capacidade m&#225;xima pr&#233;-pandemia, permitindo a implementa&#231;&#227;o controlada das interven&#231;&#245;es e a avalia&#231;&#227;o do fluxo de atendimento. Ap&#243;s constata&#231;&#227;o de que o fluxo ocorre de forma adequada, pode-se realizar o aumento escalonado no volume de atendimentos. No entanto, n&#227;o h&#225; expectativa de que o fluxo atinja volumes pr&#233;-pandemia durante o per&#237;odo de flexibiliza&#231;&#227;o em raz&#227;o das adapta&#231;&#245;es necess&#225;rias. Deve-se considerar esse aspecto dentro do potencial impacto na sustentabilidade financeira do servi&#231;o de sa&#250;de.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Devem-se priorizar os pacientes mais sintom&#225;ticos e com doen&#231;as de maior probabilidade de descompensa&#231;&#227;o nas pr&#243;ximas semanas ou meses, reduzindo a chance de interna&#231;&#245;es e de complica&#231;&#245;es a curto e m&#233;dio prazo e auxiliando no combate &#224; sobrecarga do sistema de interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Adequar estrutura f&#237;sica, com o objetivo de garantir distanciamento f&#237;sico, como demarca&#231;&#245;es sinalizadas no ch&#227;o, associadas &#224; utiliza&#231;&#227;o de barreiras f&#237;sicas no ambiente, como pain&#233;is de acr&#237;lico ou vidro.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Garantir que os suprimentos de higiene e limpeza, tais como &#225;lcool gel, len&#231;os de papel e sabonete para as m&#227;os, estejam prontamente dispon&#237;veis e facilmente acess&#237;veis, al&#233;m de assegurar o descarte adequado de res&#237;duos.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Elaborar lembretes visuais, como cartazes, placas e <italic>posters</italic>, que devem ser disponibilizados para os pacientes tanto por via digital quanto afixados na entrada do servi&#231;o e em locais estrat&#233;gicos com informa&#231;&#245;es principais sobre higieniza&#231;&#227;o das m&#227;os, etiqueta da tosse e principais sinais e sintomas da COVID-19.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Manter toda a equipe com uso cont&#237;nuo de EPI adequado durante todo o tempo de atendimento (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1</xref>).</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Certificar-se de que todos os pacientes e acompanhantes com mais de 2 anos estejam com o rosto coberto com m&#225;scara e, para aqueles que n&#227;o estejam, oferecer m&#225;scaras faciais no momento da triagem. &#201; importante ressaltar que alguns locais de atendimento de sa&#250;de com caracter&#237;sticas pr&#243;prias, como hospitais, podem ter regulamenta&#231;&#227;o espec&#237;fica que torne obrigat&#243;rio o uso de m&#225;scaras cir&#250;rgicas descart&#225;veis. Essas especifica&#231;&#245;es devem ser consideradas pelos servi&#231;os de assist&#234;ncia na defini&#231;&#227;o de qual m&#225;scara exigir do paciente durante o atendimento.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Para servi&#231;os m&#233;dicos de maior porte com equipe de funcion&#225;rios maior, deve-se definir um comit&#234; de retomada para discuss&#227;o continuada de ajustes nas interven&#231;&#245;es e no volume de atendimento a fim de reduzir o risco de transmiss&#227;o.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>No dia anterior &#224; consulta, aplicar o Question&#225;rio de Sintomas e Exposi&#231;&#227;o (<xref ref-type="app" rid="app1">Suplemento A</xref>) por meio eletr&#244;nico ou contato telef&#244;nico. Todo paciente deve preencher o question&#225;rio de sintomas por telefone (verbal) ou por via eletr&#244;nica ou impressa.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Aferir a temperatura corporal de todos os pacientes na chegada para o atendimento.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Caso seja necess&#225;ria a realiza&#231;&#227;o de consulta ou exame em paciente com suspeita ou confirma&#231;&#227;o de COVID-19, deve-se reservar uma sala separada para o atendimento.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>No ambiente hospitalar, gerenciar mecanismos de barreira para os pacientes ambulatoriais, criando entradas e sa&#237;das &#8220;limpas&#8221;, ou seja, sem contato com os pacientes internados.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Nos atendimentos de urg&#234;ncia e emerg&#234;ncia (defini&#231;&#227;o na se&#231;&#227;o 2b), onde n&#227;o &#233; poss&#237;vel realizar triagem pr&#233;via nem adiar o atendimento, aplicar de forma objetiva, ap&#243;s avalia&#231;&#227;o cardiol&#243;gica padr&#227;o, o Question&#225;rio de Sintomas e Exposi&#231;&#227;o para definir o <italic>status</italic> epidemiol&#243;gico.</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
        <fig id="f1">
          <label>Figura 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Orienta&#231;&#245;es de EPI de acordo com os n&#237;veis de risco. Para o N&#237;vel 2, os &#243;culos de prote&#231;&#227;o podem ser substitu&#237;dos por protetor facial. No N&#237;vel 3, o protetor facial &#233; obrigat&#243;rio e n&#227;o pode ser substitu&#237;do por &#243;culos de prote&#231;&#227;o. Fonte adaptada: GVIMS/GGTES/ANVISA.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-115-04-0776-01004-gf01.tif"/></fig>
        <p>Em caso de qualquer resposta positiva ao question&#225;rio (<xref ref-type="app" rid="app1">Suplemento A</xref>):</p>
        <list list-type="bullet">
          <list-item>
            <p>Assegurar que o paciente esteja usando m&#225;scara cir&#250;rgica.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Manter o paciente em uma sala de espera separada, com portas fechadas e, se poss&#237;vel, sinalizada.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Manter distanciamento f&#237;sico de 2,0 m.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>O supervisor respons&#225;vel e o prestador do tratamento m&#233;dico devem ser comunicados e o atendimento deve ser realizado com a utiliza&#231;&#227;o de EPI adequado por todos os membros da equipe.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Servi&#231;os que ofere&#231;am atendimento de urg&#234;ncia e emerg&#234;ncia devem definir fluxo de atendimento espec&#237;fico de acordo com a estrutura local dispon&#237;vel.</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>b. Defini&#231;&#227;o do Perfil de Atendimento Cardiol&#243;gico Quanto &#224; sua Urg&#234;ncia</title>
        <p>Para defini&#231;&#227;o do protocolo de atendimento, &#233; necess&#225;rio considerar a condi&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica e a urg&#234;ncia do paciente atendido. Definimos aqui quatros perfis de atendimento de acordo com as caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas do paciente e risco de piora por adiamento do cuidado:</p>
        <list list-type="bullet">
          <list-item>
            <p>Perfil A: Situa&#231;&#227;o de atendimento de emerg&#234;ncia: quando o atendimento, a avalia&#231;&#227;o e a interven&#231;&#227;o devem ser realizados nos pr&#243;ximos <bold>minutos ou horas</bold>.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Perfil B: Situa&#231;&#227;o de atendimento de urg&#234;ncia: quando o atendimento, a avalia&#231;&#227;o e a interven&#231;&#227;o devem ser realizados nos pr&#243;ximos <bold>dias</bold>.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Perfil C: Situa&#231;&#227;o de atendimento semi-eletivo: quando o atendimento, a avalia&#231;&#227;o e a interven&#231;&#227;o devem ser realizados nas pr&#243;ximas <bold>semanas,</bold> idealmente antes de 3 meses.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Perfil D: Situa&#231;&#227;o de atendimento eletivo: quando n&#227;o h&#225; necessidade de atendimento, avalia&#231;&#227;o e interven&#231;&#227;o a curto prazo, podendo ser postergados para al&#233;m de 3 meses.</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
        <p>A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref> detalha as principais apresenta&#231;&#245;es de doen&#231;as cardiovasculares de acordo com a classifica&#231;&#227;o acima.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t1">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Principais apresenta&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas de doen&#231;as cardiovasculares de acordo com a situa&#231;&#227;o de urg&#234;ncia do atendimento</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <colgroup width="100%">
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Situa&#231;&#245;es de atendimento de emerg&#234;ncia</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Infarto do mioc&#225;rdio com eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">S&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda de alto risco</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Arritmia ventricular refrat&#225;ria</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">FA por s&#237;ndrome de pr&#233;-excita&#231;&#227;o ventricular</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">S&#237;ndromes a&#243;rticas agudas</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Corre&#231;&#245;es de disfun&#231;&#245;es anat&#244;micas card&#237;acas levando a choque cardiog&#234;nico</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Disfun&#231;&#227;o em DACM intra- ou extracorp&#243;reo</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Bradiarritmias e taquiarritmias com repercuss&#227;o hemodin&#226;mica</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Tamponamento card&#237;aco</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Edema agudo de pulm&#227;o</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Situa&#231;&#245;es de atendimento de urg&#234;ncia</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">S&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda de moderado risco</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">S&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda de baixo risco</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Disfun&#231;&#227;o valvar anatomicamente importante, sintom&#225;tica</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">FA e taquicardia supraventricular recorrente com repercuss&#227;o cl&#237;nica</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca descompensada classe funcional NYHA IV</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Transplante card&#237;aco de urg&#234;ncia</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Tumores card&#237;acos de alto risco</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Cardiopatia cong&#234;nita grave, sintom&#225;tica</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Hipertrigliceridemia grave &gt; 1.000 mg/l</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Disfun&#231;&#227;o de qualquer componente de DCEI</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">DCEI com bateria em fim de vida</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Situa&#231;&#245;es de atendimento semi-eletivo</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Angina est&#225;vel</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Hipertens&#227;o n&#227;o controlada</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca descompensada classe funcional NYHA III</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Diabetes n&#227;o controlado</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Disfun&#231;&#227;o valvar anatomicamente moderada</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Aneurisma de aorta</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Disfun&#231;&#227;o valvar anatomicamente importante, assintom&#225;tica</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Pacientes em avalia&#231;&#227;o para implante de DACM</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Nova altera&#231;&#227;o anat&#244;mica card&#237;aca em paciente previamente h&#237;gido</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">DCEI com bateria apresentando indica&#231;&#227;o de substitui&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o urgente</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Situa&#231;&#245;es de atendimento eletivo</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Demais casos</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN1">
              <p>DACM: dispositivo de assist&#234;ncia circulat&#243;ria mec&#226;nica; DCEI: dispositivo card&#237;aco eletr&#244;nico implant&#225;vel; FA: fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial; NYHA: New York Heart Association.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>c. Defini&#231;&#227;o do Perfil Cl&#237;nico do Paciente (<italic>Status</italic> para COVID-19)</title>
        <p>A apresenta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica compat&#237;vel com COVID-19 suspeita ou confirmada deve considerar a defini&#231;&#227;o de SG e de SRAG conforme detalhado na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Tabela 2</xref>.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t2">
          <label>Tabela 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Defini&#231;&#227;o de s&#237;ndrome gripal e s&#237;ndrome respirat&#243;ria aguda grave</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <colgroup width="50%">
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <th align="left" valign="middle">Classifica&#231;&#227;o</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">S&#237;ndrome gripal</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">Sintomas respirat&#243;rios, como tosse, coriza, dor de garganta, com ou sem febre<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">*</xref></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">S&#237;ndrome Respirat&#243;ria Aguda Grave</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">Satura&#231;&#227;o de O<sub>2</sub> &lt; 95% em ar ambiente E/OU frequ&#234;ncia respirat&#243;ria &#8805; 24 ipm</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN2">
              <label>*</label>
              <p>Febre pode n&#227;o estar presente em alguns casos, como idosos e imunodeprimidos. Nessas situa&#231;&#245;es, a avalia&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica deve ser levada em considera&#231;&#227;o.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>O crit&#233;rio cl&#237;nico, entretanto, n&#227;o permite estabelecer a etiologia, devendo outros agentes entrar no diagn&#243;stico diferencial, conforme evid&#234;ncias epidemiol&#243;gicas, dos exames laboratoriais e dos achados radiol&#243;gicos.</p>
        <p>Com rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; infec&#231;&#227;o por SARS-CoV-2, o perfil cl&#237;nico de um paciente pode ser classificado como:</p>
        <list list-type="bullet">
          <list-item>
            <p><italic>Com suspeita de COVID-19</italic>: caso suspeito de SG ou SRAG por crit&#233;rio cl&#237;nico, radiol&#243;gico ou laboratorial presuntivo.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p><italic>Com confirma&#231;&#227;o de COVID-19 ativa</italic>: caso suspeito de SG ou SRAG com infec&#231;&#227;o pelo SARS-CoV-2 confirmada por m&#233;todo laboratorial definitivo (RT-PCR para SARS-CoV-2 detectado) ou sorologia IgM E:</p>
            <list list-type="simple">
              <list-item>
                <label>&#9702;</label>
                <p>Menos de 10 dias da data de in&#237;cio dos sintomas ou da data do exame, se assintom&#225;tico; OU</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <label>&#9702;</label>
                <p>Menos de 3 dias do &#250;ltimo sintoma relacionado &#224; COVID-19.</p>
              </list-item>
            </list>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p><italic>Com confirma&#231;&#227;o de COVID-19 curada</italic>: COVID-19 confirmada com evid&#234;ncias de melhora do quadro cl&#237;nico, definida por aus&#234;ncia de febre por &gt; 3 dias e melhora dos sintomas respirat&#243;rios (tosse, falta de ar) E:</p>
            <list list-type="simple">
              <list-item>
                <label>&#9702;</label>
                <p>Pelo menos de 10 dias decorridos desde os primeiros sintomas; OU</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <label>&#9702;</label>
                <p>Sorologia IgG reagente com hist&#243;ria cl&#237;nica compat&#237;vel com COVID-19 pr&#233;via.</p>
              </list-item>
            </list>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p><italic>Contato de caso suspeito ou confirmado</italic>: aquele que esteve em contato (no trabalho, domic&#237;lio) h&#225; menos de 14 dias com indiv&#237;duo classificado em um dos tr&#234;s <italic>status</italic> acima.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p><italic>Assintom&#225;tico sem contato recente com caso</italic>: aquele que n&#227;o apresenta nenhum sintoma sugestivo de infec&#231;&#227;o por SARS-CoV-2 nos &#250;ltimos 10 dias nem contato com caso suspeito ou confirmado nos &#250;ltimos 14 dias.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p><italic>Caso descartado</italic><bold>:</bold> Caso suspeito de SG ou SRAG sem confirma&#231;&#227;o da infec&#231;&#227;o pelo SARS-CoV-2 por m&#233;todo laboratorial definitivo (RT-PCR para SARS-CoV-2 detectado) durante a janela de oportunidade de diagn&#243;stico <bold>OU</bold> confirma&#231;&#227;o laboratorial para outro agente etiol&#243;gico, como v&#237;rus influenza ou v&#237;rus sincicial respirat&#243;rio. Em casos de alta suspei&#231;&#227;o, pode ser necess&#225;rio repetir o teste de RT-PCR em 48 horas em raz&#227;o de sua sensibilidade limitada.</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>d. Defini&#231;&#227;o do Ambiente de Atendimento</title>
        <p>O perfil cl&#237;nico descrito acima &#233; &#250;til n&#227;o somente para definir a urg&#234;ncia da realiza&#231;&#227;o do atendimento m&#233;dico, mas tamb&#233;m seu modelo estrutural de abordagem. Sempre que poss&#237;vel, o risco de exposi&#231;&#227;o da equipe de sa&#250;de e do paciente e seus acompanhantes deve ser minimizado, priorizando-se o atendimento mais seguro, por&#233;m efetivo. Para isso, o ambiente de atendimento foi classificado de acordo com a dist&#226;ncia e o tempo de contato entre o paciente e a equipe de sa&#250;de:</p>
        <list list-type="bullet">
          <list-item>
            <p><italic>Ambiente I: Atendimento remoto,</italic> onde n&#227;o h&#225; qualquer contato f&#237;sico entre o paciente e a equipe.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p><italic>Ambiente II: Ambiente de contato moderado,</italic> onde h&#225; contato presencial entre paciente e equipe, com curto tempo de exposi&#231;&#227;o (&lt; 15 minutos) e/ou maior distanciamento f&#237;sico (&gt; 1,5 m).</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p><italic>Ambiente III: Ambiente de contato pr&#243;ximo,</italic> h&#225; contato f&#237;sico entre paciente e equipe pr&#243;ximo ou prolongado (&gt; 15 minutos, em ambiente fechado).</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p><italic>Ambiente IV: Contato invasivo e manipula&#231;&#227;o potencial de vias a&#233;reas,</italic> h&#225; contato direto com o paciente ou manipula&#231;&#227;o de vias a&#233;reas do paciente e exposi&#231;&#227;o a aeross&#243;is.</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
        <p>Para tornar mais objetivo, exemplos de diversos perfis de ambiente para atendimentos cardiol&#243;gicos de rotina encontram-se detalhados na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Tabela 3</xref>. &#201; importante enfatizar o est&#237;mulo &#224; emiss&#227;o de laudos/diagn&#243;sticos, sempre que poss&#237;vel, via acesso remoto.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t3">
          <label>Tabela 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Classifica&#231;&#227;o dos ambientes de atendimento cardiol&#243;gico de acordo com o contato interpessoal</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <colgroup width="100%">
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Ambientes de trabalho da equipe de cardiologia</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Atendimento remoto</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Sistemas de suporte &#224; decis&#227;o</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Teleconsultoria, incluindo orienta&#231;&#227;o telef&#244;nica</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Telerregula&#231;&#227;o</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Telediagn&#243;stico e laudos &#224; dist&#226;ncia</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Teleduca&#231;&#227;o</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Ambiente de contato moderado</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Estacionamento (servi&#231;o de manobrista)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Profissionais da recep&#231;&#227;o e equipe administrativo em geral</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Profissionais de seguran&#231;a</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Ambiente de contato pr&#243;ximo</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Consultas m&#233;dicas presenciais</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Equipe presencial em exames de medicina nuclear</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Equipe presencial em exames de imagem (tomografia computadorizada, resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica, ecocardiograma)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Equipe presencial em m&#233;todos gr&#225;ficos em cardiologia</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Contato invasivo e manipula&#231;&#227;o potencial de vias &#225;reas</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Oroscopia em exame f&#237;sico, teste de esfor&#231;o</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Ecocardiograma transesof&#225;gico</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Procedimentos invasivos em eletrofisiologia</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Procedimentos invasivos em cardiologia intervencionista</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>3. Medidas de Precau&#231;&#227;o e Isolamento COVID-19</title>
      <p>O risco ocupacional de exposi&#231;&#227;o ao SARS-CoV-2 pode ser dividido em quatro n&#237;veis: muito alto, alto, m&#233;dio e baixo risco (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 2</xref>). A avalia&#231;&#227;o do risco ocupacional depende da dist&#226;ncia e do tempo de contato entre o profissional e o paciente, do tipo de procedimento realizado e do seu risco de gera&#231;&#227;o de aeross&#243;is, al&#233;m do perfil cl&#237;nico do paciente com rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; infec&#231;&#227;o pelo SARS-CoV-2.</p>
      <fig id="f2">
        <label>Figura 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Pir&#226;mide de risco ocupacional para COVID-19 (adaptada de Occupational Safety and Health Administration - OSHA).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref></title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-115-04-0776-01004-gf02.tif"/></fig>
      <p>Dessa forma, al&#233;m das precau&#231;&#245;es-padr&#227;o, as seguintes devem ser implementadas pelos servi&#231;os de sa&#250;de:</p>
      <list list-type="simple">
        <list-item>
          <label>&#9702;</label>
          <p>Precau&#231;&#245;es contra contato.</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <label>&#9702;</label>
          <p>Precau&#231;&#245;es contra got&#237;culas.</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <label>&#9702;</label>
          <p>Precau&#231;&#245;es contra aeross&#243;is.</p>
        </list-item>
      </list>
      <p>Alguns procedimentos que podem gerar aeross&#243;is s&#227;o: entuba&#231;&#227;o ou aspira&#231;&#227;o traqueal, ventila&#231;&#227;o mec&#226;nica n&#227;o invasiva, ressuscita&#231;&#227;o cardiopulmonar, ventila&#231;&#227;o manual antes da entuba&#231;&#227;o, coleta de amostras nasotraqueais, broncoscopia. Para os atendimentos em que esses procedimentos s&#227;o rotineiros ou potencialmente necess&#225;rios, as precau&#231;&#245;es contra got&#237;culas devem ser substitu&#237;das pelas precau&#231;&#245;es contra aeross&#243;is.</p>
      <p>Portanto, os EPI necess&#225;rios para o atendimento de casos suspeitos ou confirmados consistem em:</p>
      <sec>
        <title>a. Medidas de Precau&#231;&#227;o-Padr&#227;o</title>
        <p>Institu&#237;das para todos os pacientes e englobam:</p>
        <list list-type="bullet">
          <list-item>
            <p>Higieniza&#231;&#227;o das m&#227;os.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Uso de m&#225;scara &#8211; durante a vig&#234;ncia da epidemia conforme detalhado abaixo para o n&#237;vel 1 de EPI.</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
        <p>Se houver risco de exposi&#231;&#227;o a sangue ou secre&#231;&#245;es:</p>
        <list list-type="bullet">
          <list-item>
            <p>Uso de luvas de procedimento.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Uso de &#243;culos de prote&#231;&#227;o e avental.</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
        <p>Compreendem tamb&#233;m o descarte adequado.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>b. Medidas de Precau&#231;&#227;o contra Contato + Got&#237;culas</title>
        <list list-type="bullet">
          <list-item>
            <p>M&#225;scara cir&#250;rgica.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>&#211;culos de prote&#231;&#227;o ou protetor facial (<italic>face shield</italic>).</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Avental com gramatura m&#237;nima de 30 g/m<sup>2</sup>.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Luvas de procedimentos.</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>c. Medidas de Precau&#231;&#227;o contra Contato + Aeross&#243;is</title>
        <list list-type="bullet">
          <list-item>
            <p>M&#225;scara N95/PPF2 ou equivalente.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Protetor facial (<italic>face shield</italic>).</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Avental imperme&#225;vel.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Gorro.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Luvas de procedimentos.</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
        <p>Al&#233;m dos procedimentos geradores de aeross&#243;is, quando o paciente estiver com expectora&#231;&#227;o abundante, sangramento, v&#244;mitos ou diarreia, o profissional de sa&#250;de deve usar avental imperme&#225;vel. O uso racional do EPI nos servi&#231;os de sa&#250;de &#233; necess&#225;rio e, por ser o EPI considerado um recurso finito, pode haver altera&#231;&#227;o nas recomenda&#231;&#245;es de sua utiliza&#231;&#227;o em raz&#227;o de planos de conting&#234;ncia durante a pandemia.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>d. Recomenda&#231;&#227;o de EPI de Acordo com a Complexidade dos Procedimentos e o Perfil Cl&#237;nico do Paciente <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figuras 1</xref> e <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">2</xref>, <xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Tabela 4</xref>)</title>
        <table-wrap id="t4">
          <label>Tabela 4</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Defini&#231;&#227;o do n&#237;vel de EPI a ser utilizado de acordo com o risco apresentado</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup width="25%">
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <th align="left" valign="middle">Risco</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Tipo de exposi&#231;&#227;o</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Tipo de atendimento</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">N&#237;vel de EPI</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle" style="background-color:#FF0000;">Muito alto risco</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">Exposi&#231;&#227;o a pacientes com confirma&#231;&#227;o ou suspeita de COVID-19</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="2">Oroscopia e oftalmoscopia<break/>ETE, teste de esfor&#231;o<break/>Procedimentos invasivos em eletrofisiologia e em cardiologia intervencionista</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="2">N&#237;vel 3</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                <td align="left" valign="middle" style="background-color:#FF0000;">Contato invasivo de vias a&#233;reas</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">Procedimentos que geram aeross&#243;is</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle" style="background-color:#FFC000;">Alto risco</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="2">Exposi&#231;&#227;o a pacientes com confirma&#231;&#227;o ou suspeita de COVID-19</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="2">Exames de medicina nuclear<break/>Exames de imagem (TC, RM, ETT)<break/>M&#233;todos gr&#225;ficos em cardiologia</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="2">N&#237;vel 2</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                <td align="left" valign="middle" style="background-color:#FFC000;">Ambiente de contato pr&#243;ximo</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle" style="background-color:#FFFF00;">M&#233;dio risco</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="2">Contato frequente e pr&#243;ximo</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="2">Profissionais da recep&#231;&#227;o<break/><italic>Staff</italic> administrativo em geral<break/>Estacionamento<break/>Consultas presenciais</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="2">N&#237;vel 1</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                <td align="left" valign="middle" style="background-color:#FFFF00;">Ambiente de contato moderado</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle" style="background-color:#2F5496;">Baixo risco</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="2">Sem contato com pacientes</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="2">Telerregula&#231;&#227;o<break/>Telediagn&#243;stico<break/>Teleduca&#231;&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="2">Sem EPI espec&#237;fico</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle" style="background-color:#2F5496;">Atendimento remoto</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN3">
              <p>ETE: ecocardiograma transesof&#225;gico; ETT: ecocardiograma transtor&#225;cico; RM: resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica; TC: tomografia computadorizada. Para pacientes com suspeita ou confirma&#231;&#227;o de COVID-19, as consultas presenciais devem ser realizadas com EPI n&#237;vel 2. Algumas diretrizes consideram que exames de imagem e m&#233;todos gr&#225;ficos, exceto teste ergom&#233;trico, podem ser realizados somente com m&#225;scara cir&#250;rgica, particularmente quando h&#225; baixa probabilidade de COVID-19 ativa, como quando o caso &#233; de paciente com COVID-19 curada ou em casos sem sintomas ou contato recente e exame negativo para COVID-19 recente.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p><bold>N&#237;vel 1 de EPI:</bold> Para m&#233;dio risco, ambiente de contato moderado.</p>
        <p>
          <bold>Medidas de Precau&#231;&#227;o-Padr&#227;o</bold>
        </p>
        <p>Indicadas para procedimentos N&#195;O invasivos quando realizados em car&#225;ter eletivo E em pacientes sem suspeita de COVID-19.</p>
        <list list-type="bullet">
          <list-item>
            <p>Profissionais respons&#225;veis por atividades que n&#227;o envolvam contato a menos de 2,0 m com os pacientes poder&#227;o utilizar m&#225;scara de tecido.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Se n&#227;o for garantido o distanciamento de 2,0 m do paciente, deve-se utilizar m&#225;scara cir&#250;rgica durante as atividades (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Tabela 5</xref>).</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Instituir barreiras f&#237;sicas, de forma a favorecer o distanciamento maior que 2,0 m, por exemplo, placas de acr&#237;lico e faixas no piso (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Tabela 5</xref>).</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
        <table-wrap id="t5">
          <label>Tabela 5</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Precau&#231;&#245;es-padr&#227;o de acordo com o distanciamento</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <colgroup width="50%">
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <th align="left" valign="middle">Tipo de precau&#231;&#227;o</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Padr&#227;o</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Profissionais &gt; 2,0 m do paciente</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">M&#225;scara de tecido</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Profissionais &lt; 2,0 m do paciente</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">M&#225;scara cir&#250;rgica</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN4">
              <p>A m&#225;scara de tecido n&#227;o deve ser utilizada pela equipe de sa&#250;de no atendimento.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p><bold>N&#237;vel 2 de EPI</bold>: Para alto risco, ambiente de contato pr&#243;ximo.</p>
        <p>
          <bold>Medidas de Precau&#231;&#227;o contra Contato + Got&#237;culas</bold>
        </p>
        <p>Indicadas para procedimentos N&#195;O invasivos em car&#225;ter de emerg&#234;ncia OU em pacientes com confirma&#231;&#227;o OU suspeita de infec&#231;&#227;o por SARS-CoV-2.</p>
        <p><bold>N&#237;vel 3 de EPI</bold>: Para muito alto risco, contato invasivo de vias a&#233;reas.</p>
        <p>
          <bold>Medidas de Precau&#231;&#227;o contra Contato + Aeross&#243;is</bold>
        </p>
        <p>Indicadas para procedimentos invasivos e potencialmente <bold>geradores de aeross&#243;is</bold> quando realizados:</p>
        <list list-type="bullet">
          <list-item>
            <p>em car&#225;ter eletivo E em pacientes sem suspeita de COVID-19.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>em car&#225;ter de emerg&#234;ncia OU em pacientes com confirma&#231;&#227;o OU suspeita de infec&#231;&#227;o por SARS-CoV-2.</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
        <p>Nota: Em procedimentos invasivos, substituir os EPI (luvas, aventais) por equipamento devidamente esterilizado.</p>
        <p>Importante destacar que a m&#225;scara de tecido n&#227;o &#233; um EPI, por isso n&#227;o deve ser usada por profissionais de sa&#250;de ou de apoio em situa&#231;&#245;es em que haja indica&#231;&#227;o de uso de m&#225;scara cir&#250;rgica (durante a assist&#234;ncia ou contato direto, a menos de 2,0 m de pacientes) ou de m&#225;scara N95/PFF2 (durante a realiza&#231;&#227;o de procedimentos potencialmente geradores de aeross&#243;is).</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>e. Limpeza e Desinfec&#231;&#227;o de Superf&#237;cies</title>
        <p>N&#227;o h&#225; recomenda&#231;&#227;o diferenciada para a limpeza e a desinfec&#231;&#227;o de superf&#237;cies ap&#243;s o contato com casos suspeitos ou confirmados de COVID-19. Por&#233;m, &#233; fundamental que os servi&#231;os revisem os procedimentos operacionais de limpeza e desinfec&#231;&#227;o de ambientes e superf&#237;cies para garantir melhores pr&#225;ticas e aumento da periodicidade de limpeza.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16"><sup>16</sup></xref></p>
        <list list-type="bullet">
          <list-item>
            <p>Com rela&#231;&#227;o aos equipamentos espec&#237;ficos no manejo cardiol&#243;gico, todos dever&#227;o ser limpos a cada t&#233;rmino de jornada de trabalho, ainda com os profissionais usando EPI e evitando contato com os materiais infectados.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Monitores e superf&#237;cies de m&#225;quina de ultrassom poder&#227;o ser cobertos com filme pl&#225;stico para diminuir risco de contamina&#231;&#227;o e facilitar a limpeza.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Ap&#243;s a sa&#237;da do paciente com suspeita ou confirma&#231;&#227;o, realizar a limpeza/desinfec&#231;&#227;o, com saneante de uso habitual, dos equipamentos e de todas as &#225;reas que entraram em contato com o paciente, al&#233;m das &#225;reas tocadas pelos profissionais de sa&#250;de durante o atendimento.</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>4. Estrat&#233;gia de Abordagem no Contexto do Ambiente de Atendimento</title>
      <sec>
        <title>a. Ambiente de Atendimento Presencial</title>
        <table-wrap id="t26">
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <colgroup width="100%">
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Classifica&#231;&#227;o: Ambiente II (contato moderado)</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Risco: Baixo a moderado</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Os ambientes de atendimento presencial s&#227;o aqueles onde os servi&#231;os de sa&#250;de s&#227;o prestados no &#226;mbito extra-hospitalar. Incluem unidades b&#225;sicas de sa&#250;de, ambulat&#243;rios m&#233;dicos de especialidades, ambulat&#243;rios hospitalares, cl&#237;nicas e consult&#243;rios m&#233;dicos. S&#227;o parte essencial na resposta do sistema de sa&#250;de, j&#225; que h&#225; um potencial aumento de desfechos cardiovasculares a m&#233;dio prazo em raz&#227;o do d&#233;ficit na assist&#234;ncia m&#233;dica a essa popula&#231;&#227;o. As adapta&#231;&#245;es do protocolo de atendimento devem incluir as seguintes modifica&#231;&#245;es na rotina:<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16"><sup>16</sup></xref></p>
        <sec>
          <title>Agendamento</title>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>A marca&#231;&#227;o de consultas deve ser realizada prioritariamente por meios n&#227;o presenciais (telef&#244;nico ou on-line), em plataformas dedicadas ou via aplicativos de mensagens.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Os agendamentos devem iniciar com hor&#225;rios espa&#231;ados e intervalos entre os atendimentos, permitindo que um paciente deixe o ambiente, incluindo a sala de espera, antes da chegada do pr&#243;ximo atendimento, minimizando o contato entre pacientes.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>A triagem de pacientes com sintomas respirat&#243;rios deve ser realizada no agendamento e na confirma&#231;&#227;o da consulta, utilizando question&#225;rio (<xref ref-type="app" rid="app1">Suplemento A</xref>).</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Deve-se orientar e exigir o uso de m&#225;scara pelo paciente e acompanhante independentemente da presen&#231;a de sintomas ou das respostas ao question&#225;rio.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Deve-se orientar quanto ao comparecimento ao atendimento sem acompanhante, sempre que poss&#237;vel. Quando estritamente necess&#225;rio, indicar a aceita&#231;&#227;o de apenas um acompanhante, que tamb&#233;m deve responder ao mesmo question&#225;rio de sintomas.</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Estrutura F&#237;sica/ Sala de Espera</title>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>Manter os ambientes ventilados (ar condicionado com exaust&#227;o, que garanta as trocas de ar, ou manter as janelas abertas).</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Reduzir o n&#250;mero de pessoas da equipe da recep&#231;&#227;o que ter&#225; contato f&#237;sico com o paciente.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Utilizar barreiras f&#237;sicas na recep&#231;&#227;o para reduzir contato, como placas de acr&#237;lico e demarca&#231;&#245;es no ch&#227;o para distanciamento f&#237;sico de no m&#237;nimo 2,0 m.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Adicionar alertas visuais nas entradas e em locais estrat&#233;gicos com instru&#231;&#245;es sobre higiene das m&#227;os, etiqueta da tosse e sinais e sintomas suspeitos para COVID-19.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Disponibilizar len&#231;o descart&#225;vel para higiene nasal ou etiqueta da tosse na sala de espera. Prover lixeira com acionamento por pedal para o descarte de len&#231;os de papel.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Disponibilizar dispensadores com prepara&#231;&#245;es alco&#243;licas para a higiene das m&#227;os e lavat&#243;rio/pia com dispensador de sabonete l&#237;quido, suporte para papel toalha, papel toalha, lixeira com tampa e abertura sem contato manual.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Estimular espera em ambiente aberto ou externo, respeitando o distanciamento f&#237;sico de 2,0 m.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Sinalizar dist&#226;ncia m&#237;nima entre os assentos de 2,0 m.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Utilizar copos descart&#225;veis para &#225;gua e caf&#233;.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Retirar objetos compartilhados, como revistas e jornais.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Orientar higieniza&#231;&#227;o das m&#227;os antes e ap&#243;s o preenchimento de fichas, o uso de canetas e o pagamento com cart&#227;o. Higienizar a m&#225;quina de cart&#227;o e, para facilitar o processo, a m&#225;quina poder&#225; ser envolvida em pl&#225;stico filme, sempre procedendo &#224; higieniza&#231;&#227;o ap&#243;s cada uso.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Fornecer m&#225;scara cir&#250;rgica para pacientes com sintomas respirat&#243;rios e orientar o uso correto durante toda a sua perman&#234;ncia na unidade, caso o atendimento seja estritamente necess&#225;rio. Pacientes com atendimentos eletivos ou semi-eletivos devem ser orientados a retornar ao seu domic&#237;lio para isolamento individual e investiga&#231;&#227;o de COVID-19, com reagendamento para atendimento posterior. As m&#225;scaras devem ser trocadas sempre que estiverem sujas ou &#250;midas.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Caso o paciente apresente sintomas respirat&#243;rios, encaminh&#225;-lo para uma sala de isolamento ou &#225;rea separada, isolada dos demais pacientes.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Aumentar a frequ&#234;ncia de limpeza e desinfec&#231;&#227;o do ambiente, objetos e superf&#237;cies mais tocados.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>N&#227;o h&#225; recomenda&#231;&#227;o do uso de tapetes com solu&#231;&#245;es saneantes na entrada do servi&#231;o ou cabines de desinfec&#231;&#227;o, pois n&#227;o t&#234;m efic&#225;cia documentada.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Nenhum tipo de produto deve ser borrifado nos pacientes, acompanhantes ou equipe assistencial, pelo alto risco de intoxica&#231;&#227;o e falta de evid&#234;ncia cient&#237;fica para uso.</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Acompanhante</title>
          <p>Recomendar que os pacientes compare&#231;am sem acompanhantes.</p>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>Caso identificada a necessidade de acompanhante para paciente com autocuidado limitado ou por outra raz&#227;o, permitir presen&#231;a de apenas uma pessoa n&#227;o pertencente ao grupo de risco (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Tabela 6</xref>).</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>No dia anterior &#224; consulta, aplicar o Question&#225;rio de Sintomas e Exposi&#231;&#227;o tamb&#233;m ao acompanhante.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>N&#227;o se recomenda a realiza&#231;&#227;o de consultas de pacientes que necessitem de atendimento eletivo ou semi-eletivo e que tenham acompanhantes sintom&#225;ticos ou com contato recente com casos suspeitos ou confirmados de COVID-19.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Os acompanhantes devem seguir todas as orienta&#231;&#245;es e recomenda&#231;&#245;es fornecidas aos pacientes.</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
          <table-wrap id="t6">
            <label>Tabela 6</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Avalia&#231;&#227;o de grupo de risco para triagem dos acompanhantes</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
              <colgroup width="100%">
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Idade &gt; 65 anos</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Obesidade</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Diabetes mellitus</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Tabagismo</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Doen&#231;a pulmonar obstrutiva cr&#244;nica</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Anemia falciforme</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Estados de imunossupress&#227;o cont&#237;nua (transplantes, infec&#231;&#227;o pelo HIV, doen&#231;a oncol&#243;gica, uso cr&#244;nico de imunossupressores)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Asma (moderada a grave)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Doen&#231;a cerebrovascular</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Gravidez</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Doen&#231;a hep&#225;tica</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
          </table-wrap>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>b. Atendimento Via Telemedicina</title>
        <table-wrap id="t27">
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <colgroup width="100%">
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Classifica&#231;&#227;o: Ambiente I (remoto)</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Risco: Nenhum</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>O atendimento via telemedicina &#233; pe&#231;a fundamental no retorno racional &#224;s atividades e foi pormenorizado na <italic>Diretriz da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia sobre Telemedicina na Cardiologia - 2019</italic>.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17"><sup>17</sup></xref> No contexto dessa diretriz, devemos enfatizar o conceito de teleconsulta e telemonitoramento e destacar que seu uso &#233; recomendado, exceto em casos de urg&#234;ncia e emerg&#234;ncia, onde o atendimento presencial &#233; necess&#225;rio. Al&#233;m da recomenda&#231;&#227;o geral para seu uso, vale salientar que o atendimento &#224; dist&#226;ncia deve ser preferido tamb&#233;m quando o prestador de servi&#231;os de sa&#250;de &#233; do grupo de risco.</p>
        <list list-type="bullet">
          <list-item>
            <p>Todas as consultas m&#233;dicas por telemedicina devem obrigatoriamente ocorrer via teleatendimento com sincronia de &#225;udio e v&#237;deo, al&#233;m de equipamentos que garantam o sigilo m&#233;dico do atendimento e o registro adequado da consulta em prontu&#225;rio.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>A telemedicina pode ser utilizada rotineiramente para a realiza&#231;&#227;o de pr&#233;-consulta pelo m&#233;dico, que deve avaliar a necessidade de o paciente comparecer presencialmente, definir o risco do quadro cl&#237;nico, encaminhar para hospital ou mesmo resolver o caso com atendimento completo por telemedicina.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>O atendimento remoto deve ser feito preferencialmente com ferramentas de certifica&#231;&#227;o digital e assinatura eletr&#244;nica, configurando originalidade das informa&#231;&#245;es, bem como seguran&#231;a para o m&#233;dico e o paciente.</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>c. Acompanhamento Remoto</title>
        <table-wrap id="t28">
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <colgroup width="100%">
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Classifica&#231;&#227;o: Ambiente I (remoto)</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Risco: Nenhum</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>O telemonitoramento de sinais vitais necess&#225;rios e de resultados de exames pode ocorrer por outros meios de acesso remoto. S&#227;o exemplos de telemonitoramento: seguimento de sintomas na insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, n&#237;veis press&#243;ricos, telemetria de dispositivo card&#237;aco eletr&#244;nico implant&#225;vel. Encaixam-se no atendimento de telemonitoramento o controle de exames laboratoriais &#224; dist&#226;ncia, como fun&#231;&#227;o renal, controle de anticoagula&#231;&#227;o etc.</p>
        <p>O telemonitoramento pode e deve ser utilizado para acompanhamento remoto de pacientes com o objetivo de diminuir o n&#250;mero de consultas presenciais, reduzindo o tr&#226;nsito e a mobilidade dos pacientes, sempre que poss&#237;vel.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>5. Estrat&#233;gia de Abordagem no Contexto dos Exames N&#227;o Invasivos</title>
      <sec>
        <title>a. M&#233;todos Gr&#225;ficos em Cardiologia</title>
        <p>Os exames complementares que compreendem os m&#233;todos gr&#225;ficos, de acordo com a proximidade entre paciente e profissional, podem ser classificados com rela&#231;&#227;o ao ambiente da seguinte forma:</p>
        <p>
          <italic>Atendimento Remoto/ &#224; Dist&#226;ncia</italic>
        </p>
        <list list-type="bullet">
          <list-item>
            <p>Monitoriza&#231;&#227;o Residencial da Press&#227;o Arterial (MRPA).</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
        <p>
          <italic>Ambiente de Contato Moderado</italic>
        </p>
        <list list-type="bullet">
          <list-item>
            <p>Eletrocardiografia de repouso.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Holter.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Monitoriza&#231;&#227;o Ambulatorial da Press&#227;o Arterial (MAPA).</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
        <p>
          <italic>Ambiente de Contato Pr&#243;ximo</italic>
        </p>
        <list list-type="bullet">
          <list-item>
            <p>Teste da inclina&#231;&#227;o (<italic>Tilt-table test</italic>).</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
        <p>Assim como orientado para as demais &#225;reas da cardiologia, deve-se realizar o agendamento, por vias n&#227;o presenciais, em hor&#225;rios programados para reduzir o n&#250;mero de pessoas ao mesmo tempo na sala de espera. O Question&#225;rio de Sintomas e Exposi&#231;&#227;o deve ser aplicado no dia anterior ao procedimento, tanto para o paciente quanto para o acompanhante. Esse &#250;ltimo deve estar presente apenas se imprescind&#237;vel ao atendimento e n&#227;o deve pertencer ao grupo de risco para infec&#231;&#227;o por SARS-CoV-2 (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Tabela 6</xref>).</p>
        <p>No contexto espec&#237;fico dos m&#233;todos gr&#225;ficos, devem-se estimular os meios n&#227;o presenciais de diagn&#243;stico, como o acesso remoto e o telediagn&#243;stico em tempo real, ferramentas que reduzem tanto o n&#250;mero de profissionais de sa&#250;de expostos como o seu tempo de contato com o paciente. Em casos em que esses exames n&#227;o podem ser postergados, a orienta&#231;&#227;o para a reabertura inclui:</p>
        <list list-type="bullet">
          <list-item>
            <p>Emitir laudo por meio n&#227;o presencial de eletrocardiograma, Holter, MAPA, MRPA.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Dar prioridade ao uso da MRPA no lugar do MAPA, quando poss&#237;vel.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Seguir os protocolos institucionais de contato e higieniza&#231;&#227;o/limpeza para instala&#231;&#227;o e devolu&#231;&#227;o dos aparelhos de Holter e MAPA.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Considerar outro m&#233;todo alternativo ao teste ergom&#233;trico para avaliar isquemia mioc&#225;rdica, com associa&#231;&#227;o de t&#233;cnicas de imagem ao estresse farmacol&#243;gico para reduzir a exposi&#231;&#227;o da equipe a got&#237;culas e aeross&#243;is.</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>b. Teste de Esfor&#231;o</title>
        <table-wrap id="t29">
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <colgroup width="100%">
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Classifica&#231;&#227;o: Contato invasivo de vias a&#233;reas</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Risco: Muito alto risco</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>&#201; ferramenta importante, visto sua ampla utiliza&#231;&#227;o, sendo o principal m&#233;todo de avalia&#231;&#227;o de isquemia em diversos servi&#231;os no pa&#237;s. No entanto, deve-se ter cautela durante o per&#237;odo de transmiss&#227;o comunit&#225;ria sustentada, pois h&#225; maior risco de transmiss&#227;o pelo aumento da frequ&#234;ncia respirat&#243;ria durante o teste, aumento da emiss&#227;o de got&#237;culas, ambiente fechado e longo tempo de perman&#234;ncia em sala. Portanto, exames eletivos e semi-eletivos devem ser avaliados caso a caso. Recomenda-se considerar o adiamento desse teste durante a fase de maior transmiss&#227;o comunit&#225;ria do SARS-CoV-2.</p>
        <p>Ainda, nos casos raros em que o exame possa ser considerado necess&#225;rio em pacientes com suspeita ou confirma&#231;&#227;o de infec&#231;&#227;o por SARS-CoV-2 recente, realiz&#225;-lo observando-se as precau&#231;&#245;es espec&#237;ficas, N&#237;vel 3 (precau&#231;&#227;o contato + aeross&#243;is). Devido ao fato de as evid&#234;ncias cient&#237;ficas ainda serem incertas com rela&#231;&#227;o a esse tipo de exposi&#231;&#227;o, h&#225; a possibilidade de mudan&#231;a na recomenda&#231;&#227;o em futuras publica&#231;&#245;es.</p>
        <p>Com rela&#231;&#227;o ao teste de inclina&#231;&#227;o, embora haja exposi&#231;&#227;o prolongada do profissional de sa&#250;de, n&#227;o h&#225; aumento de trabalho respirat&#243;rio, podendo-se inferir que o risco de transmiss&#227;o n&#227;o &#233; t&#227;o aumentando. Assim, orienta-se precau&#231;&#227;o N&#237;vel 2.</p>
        <list list-type="bullet">
          <list-item>
            <p>No caso de realiza&#231;&#227;o de teste ergom&#233;trico, o paciente deve permanecer com m&#225;scara cir&#250;rgica durante toda a dura&#231;&#227;o do exame.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18"><sup>18</sup></xref></p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>N&#227;o se recomenda a presen&#231;a de outras pessoas (familiares, pais, treinadores etc.) na sala de ergometria.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Devem-se priorizar manguitos autom&#225;ticos de press&#227;o arterial sempre que dispon&#237;veis.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>As equipes de sa&#250;de devem utilizar os EPI preconizados conforme a proximidade com o paciente, precau&#231;&#227;o espec&#237;fica de n&#237;vel 3.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>As equipes de sa&#250;de devem realizar o exame mantendo o maior distanciamento f&#237;sico poss&#237;vel do paciente, que deve ser, no m&#237;nimo, de 2,0 m.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Recomenda-se que a sala de ergometria seja ventilada ativamente, al&#233;m de intervalo de tempo entre os testes ergom&#233;tricos individuais idealmente de pelo menos 60 minutos em cada esteira para permitir tempo suficiente para a adequada higieniza&#231;&#227;o dos equipamentos.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Todo o equipamento utilizado para a realiza&#231;&#227;o do exame deve ser adequadamente higienizado entre cada paciente avaliado.</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>c. Ecocardiograma</title>
        <p>A reabertura dos servi&#231;os de ecocardiograma deve contemplar as medidas j&#225; descritas em rela&#231;&#227;o ao agendamento n&#227;o presencial, ao maior intervalo entre os agendamentos, &#224;s recomenda&#231;&#245;es para acompanhantes, &#224; limpeza e higieniza&#231;&#227;o do ambiente e ao distanciamento f&#237;sico. Em virtude da grande proximidade entre o operador respons&#225;vel pelo exame e o paciente durante a aquisi&#231;&#227;o das imagens, deve-se considerar o adiamento de exames eletivos e semi-eletivos durante o per&#237;odo de transmiss&#227;o comunit&#225;ria sustentada, particularmente para pacientes de grupos de risco (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t7">Tabela 7</xref>).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t7">
          <label>Tabela 7</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Classifica&#231;&#227;o de prioridade para realiza&#231;&#227;o do ecocardiograma</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <colgroup width="100%">
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Situa&#231;&#227;o de atendimento de urg&#234;ncia e emerg&#234;ncia</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Sintomas cardiovasculares recentes clinicamente relevantes (insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca CF III ou IV, s&#237;ncope de prov&#225;vel origem card&#237;aca, dor tor&#225;cica, arritmias)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Procedimento recente que requer acompanhamento urgente</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Arritmias p&#243;s-implante de dispositivo</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Derrame peric&#225;rdico</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Avalia&#231;&#227;o no p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio de cirurgia card&#237;aca</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Avalia&#231;&#227;o inicial antes do in&#237;cio do tratamento medicamentoso oncol&#243;gico (quimioterapia/imunoterapia)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Suspeita de endocardite infecciosa com alta probabilidade pr&#233;-teste</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Situa&#231;&#227;o de atendimento semi-eletivo</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Paciente assintom&#225;tico, por&#233;m com doen&#231;a card&#237;aca cr&#244;nica que requer monitoramento para progress&#227;o</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Avalia&#231;&#227;o de doen&#231;a valvar est&#225;vel (estenose ou insufici&#234;ncia das valvas a&#243;rtica e mitral)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Hipertens&#227;o pulmonar</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Progress&#227;o da doen&#231;a ap&#243;s interven&#231;&#227;o (coarcta&#231;&#227;o recorrente, estenose de condutos)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Terapia n&#227;o cardiol&#243;gica que exige monitoramento cont&#237;nuo</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Estimativa da press&#227;o sist&#243;lica da art&#233;ria pulmonar em pacientes recebendo terapia espec&#237;fica</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Avalia&#231;&#227;o de rejei&#231;&#227;o ap&#243;s transplante card&#237;aco</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Tratamento para a doen&#231;a de Kawasaki</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Avalia&#231;&#227;o de acompanhamento da fun&#231;&#227;o do DAV em pacientes est&#225;veis</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Ecocardiograma pr&#233;-operat&#243;rio, n&#227;o urgente</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Situa&#231;&#227;o de atendimento eletivo</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Acompanhamento de rotina para doen&#231;as cr&#244;nicas: hipertens&#227;o, doen&#231;a arterial coronariana, avalia&#231;&#227;o anual da doen&#231;a da aorta ou fun&#231;&#227;o prot&#233;tica da v&#225;lvula (fun&#231;&#227;o normal no exame pr&#233;vio e sem novos sintomas)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN5">
              <p>CF: classe funcional; DAV: dispositivo de assist&#234;ncia ventricular.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>d. Ecocardiograma Transtor&#225;cico (ETT)</title>
        <table-wrap id="t30">
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <colgroup width="100%">
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Classifica&#231;&#227;o: Ambiente de contato pr&#243;ximo</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Risco: Alto Risco</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
        <list list-type="bullet">
          <list-item>
            <p>Na fase inicial da reabertura, agendar primeiro os exames de alta prioridade e, na sequ&#234;ncia, os de m&#233;dia prioridade, conforme momento epidemiol&#243;gico local e sucesso da reabertura.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Aplicar com anteced&#234;ncia os question&#225;rios de sintomas e exposi&#231;&#227;o e repetir a triagem antes dos procedimentos.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Utiliza&#231;&#227;o de EPI adequado pela equipe.</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>e. Ecocardiograma Transesof&#225;gico (ETE)</title>
        <table-wrap id="t31">
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <colgroup width="100%">
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Classifica&#231;&#227;o: Contato invasivo de vias a&#233;reas</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Risco: Muito Alto Risco</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>As considera&#231;&#245;es gerais para realiza&#231;&#227;o de ETE seguem os mesmos princ&#237;pios descritos acima. Entretanto, s&#227;o recomendadas precau&#231;&#245;es adicionais em virtude do potencial de dispers&#227;o de aeross&#243;is relacionada a est&#237;mulo do reflexo da tosse em pacientes com via a&#233;rea n&#227;o protegida, recomendando-se a utiliza&#231;&#227;o adequada de EPI completo e universal e higieniza&#231;&#227;o meticulosa da sala de exames e dos equipamentos.</p>
        <p>Idealmente, os procedimentos que podem gerar aeross&#243;is devem ser realizados em uma unidade de isolamento respirat&#243;rio com press&#227;o negativa e filtro HEPA (<italic>High Efficiency Particulate Arrestance</italic>). Na aus&#234;ncia desse tipo de unidade, deve-se colocar o paciente em um quarto individual com portas fechadas e restringir o n&#250;mero de profissionais durante esses procedimentos. Em raz&#227;o do alto risco que o ETE representa, sua indica&#231;&#227;o deve ser avaliada caso a caso durante a pandemia.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>EPI Recomendados</title>
          <p>Utiliza&#231;&#227;o de precau&#231;&#227;o espec&#237;fica de n&#237;vel 3 (precau&#231;&#227;o contra contato + aeross&#243;is) para todos os operadores em contato com a via a&#233;rea do paciente e a equipe de apoio que estiver na sala.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Higieniza&#231;&#227;o do Equipamento</title>
          <p>O detalhamento da higieniza&#231;&#227;o do equipamento de ETE est&#225; al&#233;m do escopo do presente documento. Outros documentos de protocolos de higieniza&#231;&#227;o e desinfec&#231;&#227;o fornecidos pelos servi&#231;os de controle de infec&#231;&#227;o hospitalar e normativas t&#233;cnicas institucionais devem ser seguidos de forma rotineira.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>f. Ecocardiograma de Estresse</title>
        <table-wrap id="t32">
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <colgroup width="100%">
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Classifica&#231;&#227;o: Ambiente de contato pr&#243;ximo</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Risco: Alto Risco</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>O ecocardiograma realizado com estresse f&#237;sico promove as mesmas altera&#231;&#245;es da frequ&#234;ncia respirat&#243;ria descritas para o teste ergom&#233;trico, com o agravante de que o operador n&#227;o pode se distanciar adequadamente do paciente. Por esses motivos, o estresse f&#237;sico deve ser considerado procedimento de exce&#231;&#227;o e n&#227;o ser realizado rotineiramente at&#233; o controle adequado da transmiss&#227;o comunit&#225;ria da COVID-19. Considera-se alternativa adequada a realiza&#231;&#227;o do ecocardiograma de estresse com agentes farmacol&#243;gicos ou a realiza&#231;&#227;o de outros m&#233;todos de imagem quando necess&#225;rio. Em caso de exce&#231;&#227;o em que o ecocardiograma com estresse f&#237;sico tenha que ser realizado, recomenda-se a utiliza&#231;&#227;o de precau&#231;&#227;o espec&#237;fica de n&#237;vel 3 (precau&#231;&#227;o contra contato + aeross&#243;is) por todos os profissionais presentes no ambiente.</p>
        <p>O ecocardiograma de estresse com dobutamina ou outros agentes farmacol&#243;gicos deve ser a alternativa preferencial durante o per&#237;odo vigente, devendo-se seguir todas as precau&#231;&#245;es recomendadas para a realiza&#231;&#227;o do ecocardiograma de repouso.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Pacientes com COVID-19 Confirmada ou Suspeita</title>
          <p>Os exames de ecocardiograma em pacientes com quadro agudo e diagn&#243;stico de COVID-19 confirmado ou suspeito devem ser realizados apenas em casos de urg&#234;ncia e emerg&#234;ncia, nos quais se espera que o resultado do exame tenha real impacto na conduta cl&#237;nica. Recomenda-se preferencialmente o uso de aparelhos port&#225;teis com aten&#231;&#227;o especial &#224; prote&#231;&#227;o da equipe.</p>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>Planejar com anteced&#234;ncia o ecocardiograma para an&#225;lise apenas das janelas necess&#225;rias para a tomada de decis&#227;o.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Utilizar o tempo ao lado do paciente apenas para adquirir as imagens e v&#237;deos, realizando-se posteriormente as medidas em <italic>software</italic> dedicado.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Remanejar os profissionais em forma&#231;&#227;o e ecocardiografistas menos experientes para as &#225;reas n&#227;o COVID-19 no intuito de minimizar o tempo de realiza&#231;&#227;o do exame.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>As equipes de sa&#250;de devem utilizar os EPI preconizados conforme a proximidade com o paciente, precau&#231;&#227;o espec&#237;fica de n&#237;vel 3 (precau&#231;&#227;o contato + aeross&#243;is).</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>g. Tomografia Computadorizada (TC) e Resson&#226;ncia Magn&#233;tica (RM) do Cora&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <table-wrap id="t33">
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <colgroup width="100%">
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Classifica&#231;&#227;o: Ambiente de contato moderado</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Risco: M&#233;dio Risco</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Em todo o mundo, os departamentos de radiologia e suas salas de modalidade de imagem n&#227;o foram projetadas com medidas restritivas de transmiss&#227;o de doen&#231;as infecciosas. Entretanto, os exames de imagem s&#227;o ferramentas essenciais no diagn&#243;stico e tratamento da COVID-19 e suas complica&#231;&#245;es.</p>
        <p>S&#227;o obrigat&#243;rias as medidas iniciais j&#225; descritas para outros exames relacionadas ao agendamento n&#227;o presencial, ao maior intervalo entre os atendimentos da agenda, &#224;s recomenda&#231;&#245;es para acompanhantes, &#224; limpeza/higieniza&#231;&#227;o do ambiente e ao distanciamento f&#237;sico.</p>
        <p>No processo de adapta&#231;&#227;o para o funcionamento sob as atuais condi&#231;&#245;es incomuns, os pacientes com suspeita ou confirma&#231;&#227;o de COVID-19 devem ser submetidos preferencialmente aos exames em equipamentos dedicados a esse perfil cl&#237;nico, a fim de evitar a contamina&#231;&#227;o cruzada entre popula&#231;&#245;es de pacientes infectados e n&#227;o infectados. Esse aspecto &#233; de particular import&#226;ncia, pois a realiza&#231;&#227;o de TC para a investiga&#231;&#227;o de pacientes com suspeita ou quadro confirmado de COVID-19 &#233; frequente. Caso isso n&#227;o seja poss&#237;vel, &#233; necess&#225;rio definir, no equipamento dispon&#237;vel, intervalos de tempo dedicados ao perfil cl&#237;nico &#8220;COVID-19 suspeita ou confirmada&#8221;, de prefer&#234;ncia no final do dia. Devido &#224; viabilidade do SARS-CoV-2 em v&#225;rios tipos de superf&#237;cies e condi&#231;&#245;es ambientais, &#233; obrigat&#243;ria a limpeza da instala&#231;&#227;o de imagem ap&#243;s cada paciente com COVID-19 suspeita ou confirmada antes da obten&#231;&#227;o de imagens de um paciente sem suspeita ou confirma&#231;&#227;o de COVID-19, devendo a limpeza ser realizada de acordo com os protocolos institucionais.</p>
        <p>Deve-se considerar o reagendamento de exames eletivos e semi-eletivos durante o per&#237;odo de transmiss&#227;o comunit&#225;ria mais intensa da COVID-19. Exames de urg&#234;ncia e emerg&#234;ncia devem ser considerados conforme necessidade cl&#237;nica e expectativa de defini&#231;&#227;o de conduta de tratamento baseada no resultado dos exames.</p>
        <p>Nos casos de pacientes internados, a imagem cardiovascular pode ser usada para substituir exames invasivos ou com manipula&#231;&#227;o de vias a&#233;reas, como o ETE e a cineangiocoronariografia. Assim, em casos selecionados, pode-se lan&#231;ar m&#227;o da TC card&#237;aca para pesquisa de trombo em ap&#234;ndice atrial esquerdo ou angiotomografia de coron&#225;rias em s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda sem eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST. Para pacientes com perfil cl&#237;nico A ou B, em que o exame seja considerado necess&#225;rio e n&#227;o substitu&#237;vel, ou em casos selecionados de pacientes com perfil cl&#237;nico C em que o exame seja necess&#225;rio, os protocolos de cuidado de n&#237;vel 2 devem ser recomendados. Devido ao baixo grau de evid&#234;ncia, esta recomenda&#231;&#227;o &#233; feita por seguran&#231;a e outras diretrizes podem recomendar somente o uso de m&#225;scara cir&#250;rgica em pacientes sem suspeita de COVID-19. Esta estrat&#233;gia &#233; particularmente aceit&#225;vel em casos de COVID-19 curada ou em casos sem sintomas e exame negativo recente.</p>
        <p>A RM card&#237;aca, pelo seu tempo prolongado de execu&#231;&#227;o e, consequentemente, maior exposi&#231;&#227;o da equipe, deve ser indicada de forma seletiva em casos suspeitos ou confirmados de COVID-19, como no diagn&#243;stico diferencial entre miocardite, s&#237;ndrome de Takotsubo e infarto do mioc&#225;rdio sem les&#245;es coronarianas obstrutivas (MINOCA). As indica&#231;&#245;es e os n&#237;veis de prioridade para TC e RM est&#227;o detalhados na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t8">Tabela 8</xref>.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t8">
          <label>Tabela 8</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Indica&#231;&#245;es de tomografia computadorizada / resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica de cora&#231;&#227;o durante a pandemia por COVID-19</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <colgroup width="99%">
              <col width="1%"/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">
                  <bold>Situa&#231;&#227;o de atendimento de urg&#234;ncia/alternativa</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">S&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda sem eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST &#8211; diagn&#243;stico diferencial, descartar:</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Doen&#231;a arterial coronariana</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Miocardite aguda</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">MINOCA</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">S&#237;ndrome de Takotsubo</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">Descartar embolia pulmonar (em protocolos de triplo descarte)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">Detec&#231;&#227;o de trombo em &#225;trio esquerdo na FA em paciente hospitalizado</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">Disfun&#231;&#227;o valvar com descompensa&#231;&#227;o aguda</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">Suspeita de endocardite valvar</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">Planejamento pr&#233;-TAVI</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">Avalia&#231;&#227;o de disfun&#231;&#227;o de DAV</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">Tumores card&#237;acos com suspeita de malignidade em programa&#231;&#227;o de cirurgia ou bi&#243;psia</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">
                  <bold>Situa&#231;&#227;o de atendimento semi-eletivo</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">Detec&#231;&#227;o de trombo em &#225;trio esquerdo na FA persistente</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">Disfun&#231;&#227;o valvar com apresenta&#231;&#227;o subaguda ou cr&#244;nica</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">Pesquisa de doen&#231;a arterial coronariana em angina est&#225;vel</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">Doen&#231;a card&#237;aca estrutural est&#225;vel</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">Tumores card&#237;acos provavelmente benignos sem programa&#231;&#227;o de cirurgia ou bi&#243;psia</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">
                  <bold>Situa&#231;&#227;o de atendimento eletivo</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">Demais condi&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN6">
              <p>DAV: dispositivo de assist&#234;ncia ventricular; FA: fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial; MINOCA: infarto do mioc&#225;rdio sem les&#245;es coronarianas obstrutivas; TAVI: implanta&#231;&#227;o percut&#226;nea de valva a&#243;rtica.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>h. Medicina Nuclear</title>
        <table-wrap id="t34">
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <colgroup width="100%">
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Classifica&#231;&#227;o: Ambiente de contato moderado</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Risco: M&#233;dio Risco</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Como na se&#231;&#227;o de ecocardiografia, &#233; importante definir o escalonamento de prioridades dos exames de medicina nuclear, observando-se o perfil cl&#237;nico do paciente. Exames eletivos e semi-eletivos (perfis C e D) devem ser considerados para reagendamento posterior enquanto a transmiss&#227;o comunit&#225;ria da COVID-19 esteja ocorrendo de forma sustentada. Esse aspecto &#233; particularmente importante para pacientes de risco para COVID-19, incluindo idade &gt; 60 anos, hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica, diabetes, doen&#231;a pulmonar cr&#244;nica e demais doen&#231;as cr&#244;nicas, um perfil bastante comum entre aqueles que realizam exames de medicina nuclear. Para pacientes com perfil cl&#237;nico A ou B, em que o exame seja considerado necess&#225;rio e n&#227;o substitu&#237;vel, ou em casos selecionados de pacientes com perfil cl&#237;nico C em que o exame seja necess&#225;rio, os protocolos de cuidado de n&#237;vel 2 devem ser recomendados. Considerar sempre os riscos descritos para o teste ergom&#233;trico, caso o estresse f&#237;sico seja aventado. Devido ao baixo grau de evid&#234;ncia, esta recomenda&#231;&#227;o &#233; feita por seguran&#231;a e outras diretrizes podem recomendar somente o uso de m&#225;scara cir&#250;rgica em pacientes sem suspeita de COVID-19. Esta estrat&#233;gia &#233; particularmente aceit&#225;vel em casos de COVID-19 curado ou em casos sem sintomas e exame negativo recente. Assim, as orienta&#231;&#245;es abaixo buscam alinhar o planejamento com as diretrizes mundiais:</p>
        <list list-type="bullet">
          <list-item>
            <p>
              <bold>Com o intuito de abreviar o tempo do exame</bold>
            </p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Selecionar o protocolo com a menor dura&#231;&#227;o de tempo de aquisi&#231;&#227;o;</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Considerar o in&#237;cio do protocolo pela fase de estresse e realiza&#231;&#227;o do exame em apenas um dia, principalmente em pacientes com baixa probabilidade de isquemia mioc&#225;rdica;</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Considerar protocolos restritos &#224; imagem de estresse;</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Considerar agente farmacol&#243;gico com menor tempo de infus&#227;o.</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
        <list list-type="bullet">
          <list-item>
            <p>
              <bold>Com o intuito de reduzir o risco de exposi&#231;&#227;o do profissional de sa&#250;de</bold>
            </p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Avaliar rigorosamente o crit&#233;rio para o estresse f&#237;sico com teste ergom&#233;trico para, nesse momento, minimizar seu uso, assim priorizando protocolos com estresse farmacol&#243;gico;</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Considerar uso de manguitos autom&#225;ticos de press&#227;o arterial quando dispon&#237;veis;</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Considerar manter a vigil&#226;ncia por v&#237;deo durante o teste;</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Em protocolos de estresse com adenosina e dipiridamol, extensores podem ser usados para manter o distanciamento entre a equipe e o paciente;</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>O PET com 18F-FDG deve ser considerado para endocardite como uma alternativa ao ETE, que apresenta uma exposi&#231;&#227;o muito alta ao risco de got&#237;culas para os operadores.</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
        <p>Al&#233;m das medidas implementadas no contexto da pandemia, a r&#225;pida evolu&#231;&#227;o e o seu impacto no mundo podem resultar em uma poss&#237;vel escassez ou dificuldade de distribui&#231;&#227;o de medicamentos e radiof&#225;rmacos. Sendo assim, um controle de fluxo mais restrito &#233; essencial, principalmente durante o per&#237;odo de alto n&#250;mero de novos casos de COVID-19 ou em situa&#231;&#245;es de poss&#237;vel disrup&#231;&#227;o da log&#237;stica de distribui&#231;&#227;o das medica&#231;&#245;es.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>6. Hemodin&#226;mica e Cardiologia Intervencionista</title>
      <table-wrap id="t35">
        <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
          <colgroup width="100%">
            <col/>
          </colgroup>
          <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">
                <bold>Classifica&#231;&#227;o: Contato invasivo de vias a&#233;reas</bold>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">
                <bold>Risco: Muito Alto Risco</bold>
              </td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </table-wrap>
      <sec>
        <title>a. Procedimentos Eletivos</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Recomenda&#231;&#245;es Gerais</title>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>Pacientes eletivos devem seguir fluxos distintos no setor de hemodin&#226;mica em rela&#231;&#227;o aos casos emergenciais.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Em servi&#231;os com mais de uma sala de interven&#231;&#227;o, deve-se manter sala exclusiva para casos eletivos.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Manter <italic>Heart Team</italic> atuante durante a pandemia e envolvido na fase de reabertura.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Aplicar o Question&#225;rio de Sintomas e Exposi&#231;&#227;o antes da realiza&#231;&#227;o de procedimentos intervencionistas eletivos (<xref ref-type="app" rid="app1">Suplemento A</xref>).</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>No in&#237;cio do processo de reabertura, selecionar os pacientes com maior potencial de benef&#237;cio com a interven&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria percut&#226;nea ou interven&#231;&#227;o em cardiopatia estrutural (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t9">Tabela 9</xref>).</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
          <table-wrap id="t9">
            <label>Tabela 9</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Pacientes com maior potencial de benef&#237;cio com a interven&#231;&#227;o</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
              <colgroup width="100%">
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Doen&#231;a coronariana sintom&#225;tica de dif&#237;cil manejo cl&#237;nico</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Doen&#231;a coronariana e achados de alto risco em prova funcional</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Doen&#231;a coronariana e achados anat&#244;micos de alto risco, como les&#227;o obstrutiva grave do tronco da art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria esquerda ou do ter&#231;o proximal da art&#233;ria descendente anterior</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Estenose a&#243;rtica grave sintom&#225;tica ou assintom&#225;tica com FEVE reduzida</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Insufici&#234;ncia mitral em CF III/IV e progress&#227;o recente, com queda recente da FEVE, ou nos servi&#231;os com programas estabelecidos de tratamento percut&#226;neo da insufici&#234;ncia mitral por <italic>clip</italic> mitral</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN7">
                <p>CF: classe funcional; FEVE: fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o de ventr&#237;culo esquerdo.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
          <p>Apesar de controversa, a utiliza&#231;&#227;o de exames de RT-PCR para diagn&#243;stico de COVID-19 em pacientes assintom&#225;ticos que internem no hospital para procedimentos eletivos pode ser considerada adequada para redu&#231;&#227;o de risco de transmiss&#227;o nosocomial. Nesses casos, pode-se coletar o <italic>swab</italic> nasofar&#237;ngeo/orofar&#237;ngeo, em car&#225;ter ambulatorial, para RT-PCR para SARS-CoV-2 nas 48 horas que antecedem os procedimentos, devendo a coleta ser realizada preferencialmente em regime domiciliar. Essa pr&#225;tica facilita a aloca&#231;&#227;o hospitalar dos pacientes durante a interna&#231;&#227;o, racionaliza a utiliza&#231;&#227;o de EPI espec&#237;fico e minimiza os riscos de exposi&#231;&#227;o da equipe. Se a coleta de RT-PCR para SARS-CoV-2 n&#227;o estiver dispon&#237;vel, sugerimos fluxograma alternativo (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figura 3</xref>).</p>
          <fig id="f3">
            <label>Figura 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Fluxograma de conduta para procedimentos eletivos de cardiologia intervencionista e eletrofisiologia de acordo com a presen&#231;a e aus&#234;ncia do exame de RT-PCR para SARS-CoV-2.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-115-04-0776-01004-gf03.tif"/></fig>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Recomenda&#231;&#245;es Gerais</title>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>Obten&#231;&#227;o de consentimento informado ap&#243;s esclarecimento dos riscos e benef&#237;cios do procedimento no contexto da pandemia.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Recomenda-se adiar, por no m&#237;nimo 14 dias, os procedimentos eletivos em pacientes sintom&#225;ticos ou com RT-PCR para SARS-CoV-2 positivo. Em pacientes de perfil cl&#237;nico C e D, deve-se considerar o risco-benef&#237;cio de se adiar a realiza&#231;&#227;o do procedimento at&#233; controle da pandemia.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Em implantes de valva a&#243;rtica transcateter, preconizar a abordagem minimalista com seda&#231;&#227;o consciente quando fact&#237;vel, priorizando encurtamento do tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar e reduzindo a utiliza&#231;&#227;o do ETE.</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Recomenda&#231;&#245;es Pr&#233;-procedimento</title>
          <sec>
            <title>1. Local com Coleta de RT-PCR Pr&#233;-interna&#231;&#227;o de Rotina</title>
            <list list-type="bullet">
              <list-item>
                <p>Recomenda-se coletar RT-PCR para SARS-CoV-2 por <italic>swab</italic> nasal e orofar&#237;ngeo em prazo m&#225;ximo de 48 horas antes do procedimento. Preferencialmente oferecer coleta domiciliar.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Todos os pacientes devem ser orientados quanto &#224; manuten&#231;&#227;o de distanciamento social e restri&#231;&#227;o de contatos nos 14 dias que antecedem o procedimento.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Realizar, mediante contato telef&#244;nico ou por meio eletr&#244;nico, rastreio de sintomas e exposi&#231;&#227;o (<xref ref-type="app" rid="app1">Suplemento A</xref>) nas 48 horas que antecedem a realiza&#231;&#227;o do procedimento.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Se houver acompanhante no per&#237;odo de interna&#231;&#227;o, aplicar Question&#225;rio de Sintomas e Exposi&#231;&#227;o e solicitar RT-PCR.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Se o teste de RT-PCR detectar a presen&#231;a do v&#237;rus, aguardar no m&#237;nimo 14 dias com melhora dos sintomas h&#225; pelo menos 3 dias para reagendar o procedimento. N&#227;o &#233; necess&#225;rio coletar novo RT-PCR para libera&#231;&#227;o do procedimento, pois o exame poder&#225; permanecer positivo mesmo com v&#237;rus invi&#225;vel.</p>
              </list-item>
            </list>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>2. Local sem Realiza&#231;&#227;o de RT-PCR Antes da Interna&#231;&#227;o</title>
            <list list-type="bullet">
              <list-item>
                <p>Todos os pacientes devem ser orientados quanto &#224; necessidade de isolamento domiciliar e restri&#231;&#227;o absoluta de contato nos 14 dias que antecedem o procedimento.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Realizar rastreio de sintomas e de exposi&#231;&#227;o de risco (<xref ref-type="app" rid="app1">Suplemento A</xref>) antes do exame para obter a melhor seguran&#231;a.</p>
              </list-item>
            </list>
          </sec>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Recomenda&#231;&#245;es Durante o Procedimento</title>
          <p>Utiliza&#231;&#227;o de EPI de n&#237;vel 3 (precau&#231;&#227;o contra contato + aeross&#243;is) para todos os operadores.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Recomenda&#231;&#245;es P&#243;s-procedimento</title>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>Encaminhar pacientes para o setor de recupera&#231;&#227;o anest&#233;sica conforme resultado da triagem (&#225;rea para COVID-19 positiva e &#225;rea para COVID-19 negativa). Se n&#227;o for poss&#237;vel, a recupera&#231;&#227;o anest&#233;sica poder&#225; ser realizada na pr&#243;pria sala de procedimento.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Priorizar alta no mesmo dia ou, caso isso n&#227;o seja poss&#237;vel, minimizar o tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Quando a interven&#231;&#227;o ou exame for seguida de interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar, utilizar fluxo hospitalar apropriado e leitos reservados para pacientes sem COVID-19.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Ap&#243;s a alta, como indicador de seguran&#231;a, realizar o seguimento dos pacientes quanto ao surgimento de sintomas no per&#237;odo de at&#233; 10 dias ap&#243;s o procedimento. Caso o paciente desenvolva sintomas, deve-se realizar a busca de contatos hospitalares do paciente-&#237;ndice.</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>b. Procedimentos de Urg&#234;ncia e Emerg&#234;ncia</title>
        <p>Com o n&#250;mero elevado de suscet&#237;veis na popula&#231;&#227;o, a retomada dos programas de interven&#231;&#245;es percut&#226;neas eletivas ocorrer&#225; concomitantemente com as admiss&#245;es hospitalares relacionadas &#224; infec&#231;&#227;o por SARS-CoV-2, que reconhecidamente aumenta o risco de fen&#244;menos tromboemb&#243;licos e determina m&#250;ltiplas manifesta&#231;&#245;es cardiol&#243;gicas, como s&#237;ndromes coronarianas agudas, miocardites, infarto do mioc&#225;rdio tipo II e arritmias ventriculares, al&#233;m de cardiomiopatia de estresse (S&#237;ndrome de Takotsubo) desencadeada pela pr&#243;pria doen&#231;a. Dessa forma, &#233; fundamental a manuten&#231;&#227;o de um fluxo pr&#243;prio para atendimento de casos suspeitos ou confirmados de COVID-19, bem como para atendimentos emergenciais de pacientes com s&#237;ndromes coronarianas agudas com <italic>status</italic> infeccioso desconhecido e sem possibilidade de testagem.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Recomenda&#231;&#245;es Gerais</title>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>Reservar uma sala para casos de COVID-19 confirmada ou suspeita e para pacientes de emerg&#234;ncia, em servi&#231;os com duas salas ou mais.</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Recomenda&#231;&#245;es Pr&#233;-procedimento</title>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>N&#227;o retardar o atendimento dos casos de emerg&#234;ncia, como infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio (IAM) com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST;</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Pacientes com diagn&#243;stico pr&#233;-hospitalar via telemedicina de IAM com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST e pacientes referenciados por outras unidades para angioplastia prim&#225;ria ou angioplastia de resgate devem ser encaminhados diretamente ao setor de hemodin&#226;mica, evitando-se fluxo pelo pronto-atendimento.</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Recomenda&#231;&#245;es Durante o Procedimento</title>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>Disponibilizar EPI de n&#237;vel 3 (precau&#231;&#227;o contra contato + aeross&#243;is) para toda a equipe.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Manter equipe treinada em t&#233;cnicas de paramenta&#231;&#227;o e desparamenta&#231;&#227;o.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Manter equipe m&#233;dica e equipe multidisciplinar em n&#250;mero reduzido no interior da sala.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Reduzir materiais sobre as bancadas e checar <italic>tool box</italic> antes dos procedimentos para evitar a abertura da porta.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Remover arm&#225;rios, quando poss&#237;vel, ou manter suas portas fechadas durante todo o procedimento.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Em salas sem press&#227;o negativa, minimizar a abertura da porta e utilizar &#225;udio do sistema de comunica&#231;&#227;o para contato com o meio externo.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Destinar um t&#233;cnico no exterior da sala com paramenta&#231;&#227;o de prote&#231;&#227;o completa para entrega de materiais com aberturas breves da porta;</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Usar seda&#231;&#227;o de modo parcimonioso para evitar instrumentaliza&#231;&#227;o da via a&#233;rea.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Realizar entuba&#231;&#227;o orotraqueal (IOT) com t&#233;cnica de sequ&#234;ncia r&#225;pida, quando necess&#225;rio.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Em pacientes com comprometimento progressivo da mec&#226;nica respirat&#243;ria, priorizar IOT e evitar utiliza&#231;&#227;o de ventila&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o invasiva e de c&#226;nula nasal de alto fluxo.</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Recomenda&#231;&#245;es P&#243;s-procedimento</title>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>Ao t&#233;rmino do procedimento, encaminhar o paciente para interna&#231;&#227;o em zona espec&#237;fica para COVID-19 confirmada ou para pacientes aguardando RT-PCR para COVID-19.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Aguardar o transporte dentro da sala de hemodin&#226;mica para evitar contamina&#231;&#227;o do ambiente de recupera&#231;&#227;o p&#243;s-anest&#233;sica.</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Higieniza&#231;&#227;o P&#243;s-procedimento</title>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>Realizar a desparamenta&#231;&#227;o dentro da sala.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Realizar limpeza terminal da sala de forma rotineira.</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
        </sec>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>7. Eletrofisiologia</title>
      <table-wrap id="t36">
        <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
          <colgroup width="100%">
            <col/>
          </colgroup>
          <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">
                <bold>Classifica&#231;&#227;o: Contato invasivo de vias a&#233;reas</bold>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">
                <bold>Risco: Muito Alto Risco</bold>
              </td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </table-wrap>
      <sec>
        <title>a. Procedimentos Eletivos</title>
        <p>Devem-se observar as recomenda&#231;&#245;es gerais de reabertura do programa de eletivos descrita anteriormente para os procedimentos invasivos em hemodin&#226;mica, com obten&#231;&#227;o de consentimento informado considerando os riscos e os benef&#237;cios do procedimento e o contexto da pandemia, observando-se ainda fluxos distintos para os exames eletivos e os atendimentos de urg&#234;ncia/emerg&#234;ncia.</p>
        <p>Os exames/interven&#231;&#245;es com maior grau de urg&#234;ncia (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t9">Tabela 9</xref>) e maior impacto progn&#243;stico devem ser priorizados para reduzir o risco de morte e prevenir descompensa&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas.</p>
        <list list-type="bullet">
          <list-item>
            <p>Recomenda-se adiar procedimentos eletivos em pacientes sintom&#225;ticos ou com RT-PCR positivo recente mesmo que assintom&#225;ticos.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Apesar de controversa, a utiliza&#231;&#227;o de exames de RT-PCR para diagn&#243;stico de COVID-19 em pacientes assintom&#225;ticos admitidos para procedimentos eletivos em eletrofisiologia pode ser considerada adequada para redu&#231;&#227;o de risco de transmiss&#227;o nosocomial (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figura 3</xref>).</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>b. Procedimentos de Urg&#234;ncia e Emerg&#234;ncia</title>
        <p>Diante de cen&#225;rios cl&#237;nicos com risco iminente de descompensa&#231;&#227;o hemodin&#226;mica ou &#243;bito (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t10">Tabela 10</xref>), pacientes com COVID-19 ou <italic>status</italic> infecioso desconhecido podem ser admitidos para interven&#231;&#245;es de emerg&#234;ncia. Nesses casos, devem ser observadas as recomenda&#231;&#245;es de seguran&#231;a da equipe em concomit&#226;ncia.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t10">
          <label>Tabela 10</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Classifica&#231;&#227;o dos procedimentos de eletrofisiologia durante a pandemia de COVID-1919</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <colgroup width="100%">
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Situa&#231;&#227;o de atendimento eletivo</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Estudo eletrofisiol&#243;gico ou abla&#231;&#227;o de FA, <italic>flutter</italic> ou abla&#231;&#227;o nodal em pacientes est&#225;veis ambulatoriamente</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Estudo eletrofisiol&#243;gico para avaliar taquiarritmias est&#225;veis</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Cardiovers&#227;o de arritmias est&#225;veis com sintomas tolerados</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Fechamento do ap&#234;ndice atrial esquerdo em pacientes com condi&#231;&#227;o de anticoagula&#231;&#227;o oral</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Tilt-table test</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Situa&#231;&#227;o de atendimento semi-eletivo</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Abla&#231;&#227;o de taquicardia ventricular refrat&#225;ria e recorrente em terapia medicamentosa</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Taquicardias supraventriculares determinando m&#250;ltiplas visitas ao pronto-atendimento</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Abla&#231;&#227;o de FA, <italic>flutter</italic> ou abla&#231;&#227;o nodal em pacientes com sintomas recorrentes</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Situa&#231;&#227;o de atendimento de urg&#234;ncia e emerg&#234;ncia</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Abla&#231;&#227;o de taquicardia ventricular por tempestade el&#233;trica refrat&#225;ria &#224; terapia medicamentosa</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">S&#237;ndrome de Wolf-Parkinson-White ou pr&#233;-excita&#231;&#227;o com s&#237;ncope ou parada cardiovascular</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Abla&#231;&#227;o de FA, <italic>flutter</italic> ou abla&#231;&#227;o nodal em casos de comprometimento hemodin&#226;mico significativo e refratariedade &#224; terapia medicamentosa ou &#224; cardiovers&#227;o</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN8">
              <p>FA: fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>As recomenda&#231;&#245;es de cuidados durante e ap&#243;s o procedimento s&#227;o semelhantes &#224;quelas apresentadas para servi&#231;os de hemodin&#226;mica conforme descrito acima.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>8. Considera&#231;&#245;es Especiais Acerca dos Pacientes Envolvidos no Transplante Card&#237;aco</title>
      <p>A COVID-19 tem repercuss&#245;es espec&#237;ficas para os pacientes envolvidos no contexto do transplante card&#237;aco, incluindo doadores e receptores, tanto na lista de espera como ap&#243;s o transplante. Como j&#225; conhecido, trata-se de uma popula&#231;&#227;o de risco aumentado para infec&#231;&#227;o por SARS-CoV-2 e progress&#227;o para doen&#231;a grave em raz&#227;o das comorbidades, do contato constante com unidades e profissionais de sa&#250;de e da imunossupress&#227;o. Por outro lado, trata-se de um perfil de alta ades&#227;o &#224;s recomenda&#231;&#245;es m&#233;dicas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20"><sup>20</sup></xref> Assim, s&#227;o necess&#225;rias estrat&#233;gias de preven&#231;&#227;o e tratamento direcionadas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21"><sup>21</sup></xref></p>
      <p>Com rela&#231;&#227;o ao doador, devemos estar atentos &#224; escolha de indiv&#237;duos n&#227;o infectados, reconhecendo que muitos podem ser portadores assintom&#225;ticos/pr&#233;-sintom&#225;ticos/oligossintom&#225;ticos e que os testes atuais t&#234;m limita&#231;&#245;es importantes. Assim:</p>
      <list list-type="bullet">
        <list-item>
          <p>Recomenda-se realizar o teste RT-PCR para SARS-CoV-2 logo que consentida a doa&#231;&#227;o de &#243;rg&#227;os.</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <p>Sempre que dispon&#237;vel, orienta-se a realiza&#231;&#227;o de TC de t&#243;rax para afastar achados radiogr&#225;ficos suspeitos de infec&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <p>Se o resultado do RT-PCR for positivo, seus &#243;rg&#227;os n&#227;o devem ser utilizados para transplante.</p>
        </list-item>
      </list>
      <p>Quando internados, os pacientes tanto da fila de espera como aqueles em p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio de transplante:</p>
      <list list-type="bullet">
        <list-item>
          <p>Devem ser mantidos em unidades &#8220;n&#227;o COVID-19&#8221;, reservando-lhes atendimento por uma equipe multiprofissional que n&#227;o tenha contato com casos positivos para infec&#231;&#227;o por SARS-CoV-2.</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <p>Devem ter as visitas presenciais controladas e n&#227;o recomendadas. A rotina de comunica&#231;&#227;o com familiares deve ser organizada.</p>
        </list-item>
      </list>
      <p>No contexto ambulatorial, deve-se manter a recomenda&#231;&#227;o deste posicionamento:</p>
      <list list-type="bullet">
        <list-item>
          <p>Reduzir visitas presenciais para pacientes est&#225;veis e sem sintomas.</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <p>Estimular o telemonitoramento dos n&#237;veis s&#233;ricos dos imunossupressores.</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <p>Postergar rotina de bi&#243;psia endomioc&#225;rdica em pacientes est&#225;veis.</p>
        </list-item>
      </list>
      <p>No paciente receptor de transplante card&#237;aco, em raz&#227;o do <italic>status</italic> de imunossupress&#227;o sustentada, pode ocorrer manifesta&#231;&#227;o t&#237;pica (respirat&#243;ria) e at&#237;pica (gastrointestinal) na infec&#231;&#227;o por SARS-CoV-2. Nesses casos, recomenda-se:</p>
      <list list-type="bullet">
        <list-item>
          <p>Considerar reduzir a dose de inibidor de calcineurina (ciclosporina ou tacrolimus).</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <p>Suspender temporariamente os antiproliferativos (micofenolato ou azatioprina).</p>
        </list-item>
      </list>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>9. Orienta&#231;&#245;es ao Paciente com Fatores de Risco para Infec&#231;&#227;o por SARS-CoV-2 e suas Repercuss&#245;es Cl&#237;nicas</title>
      <p>O cardiologista cl&#237;nico cumpre um papel essencial no cuidado dos pacientes com infec&#231;&#227;o pelo SARS-CoV-2, devido &#224; alta preval&#234;ncia de fatores associados a maior risco de repercuss&#245;es cl&#237;nicas mais graves no contexto da infec&#231;&#227;o viral. Assim, o adequado controle dos fatores de risco torna-se objetivo indispens&#225;vel na continuidade do tratamento, na tomada de novas decis&#245;es e na orienta&#231;&#227;o para redu&#231;&#227;o do risco de cont&#225;gio e de infec&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Pacientes com Risco Aumentado para Formas Graves de Infec&#231;&#227;o por SARS-CoV-2</title>
        <p>Na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Tabela 6</xref>, foram apresentados os fatores de risco para formas graves de COVID-19. Esses pacientes devem ser avisados quanto &#224; sua situa&#231;&#227;o e &#224; necessidade de continuidade do tratamento:</p>
        <list list-type="bullet">
          <list-item>
            <p>N&#227;o alterar nem suspender o uso das medica&#231;&#245;es sem antes consultar seu m&#233;dico.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Manter um suprimento de medicamentos pelo menos mensal.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Manter as vacinas atualizadas de acordo com o calend&#225;rio de imuniza&#231;&#245;es (em especial contra influenza e doen&#231;a pneumoc&#243;cica).</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Refor&#231;ar a import&#226;ncia de permanecer fisicamente ativo e praticar h&#225;bitos saud&#225;veis, inclusive como medida de redu&#231;&#227;o de risco de complica&#231;&#245;es da COVID-19.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22"><sup>22</sup></xref> A pr&#225;tica de exerc&#237;cios f&#237;sicos dentro das normas de seguran&#231;a recomendadas para que se evite o cont&#225;gio por COVID-19 deve ser incentivada.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>O combate ao tabagismo deve ser fortemente recomendado, inclusive em popula&#231;&#245;es de menor risco, como indiv&#237;duos jovens, tendo em vista o aumento da chance de complica&#231;&#245;es.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23"><sup>23</sup></xref></p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Nunca postergar a procura por pronto-atendimento em caso de qualquer sinal de alerta, como dor tor&#225;cica, dispneia, sintomas de altera&#231;&#227;o de fala, marcha e/ou for&#231;a muscular localizada ou outra condi&#231;&#227;o que requeira atendimento imediato.</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
        <p>Tais recomenda&#231;&#245;es visam consolidar a ades&#227;o ao tratamento e o controle de fatores de risco cardiovascular (em especial obesidade e tabagismo), uma estrat&#233;gia que pode agregar valor adicional &#224; redu&#231;&#227;o do risco de complica&#231;&#245;es da COVID-19.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24"><sup>24</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25"><sup>25</sup></xref></p>
        <p>Al&#233;m disso, deve-se orientar a manuten&#231;&#227;o de medidas para diminui&#231;&#227;o do risco de cont&#225;gio, tais como:</p>
        <list list-type="bullet">
          <list-item>
            <p>Limitar as intera&#231;&#245;es de proximidade f&#237;sica com outras pessoas, sempre que poss&#237;vel.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Tomar precau&#231;&#245;es devidas ao interagir com outras pessoas:</p>
            <list list-type="simple">
              <list-item>
                <label>&#9702;</label>
                <p>Distanciamento de pelo menos 2,0 m.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <label>&#9702;</label>
                <p>Uso de m&#225;scara facial de tecido.</p>
              </list-item>
            </list>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Higiene das m&#227;os com &#225;gua e sab&#227;o ou &#225;lcool gel.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Entrar em contato com seu m&#233;dico em caso de febre, diarreia ou sintomas respirat&#243;rios.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Em caso de suspeita de COVID-19, contraindicar a automedica&#231;&#227;o e orientar sobre os riscos.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Evitar atividades nas quais n&#227;o &#233; poss&#237;vel tomar medidas de prote&#231;&#227;o, como situa&#231;&#245;es onde o distanciamento social n&#227;o pode ser mantido (reuni&#245;es em ambiente fechado, eventos).</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Evitar aproxima&#231;&#227;o com outras pessoas que n&#227;o estejam tomando medidas de prote&#231;&#227;o.</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Cuidados ap&#243;s a Alta do Paciente Cardiol&#243;gico e Retorno ao Trabalho ap&#243;s Infec&#231;&#227;o por SARS-CoV-2</title>
        <p>Estudos indicam que at&#233; 20% dos pacientes apresentam alguma complica&#231;&#227;o cardiovascular durante a interna&#231;&#227;o por COVID-19, entre elas arritmias, s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda e inj&#250;ria mioc&#225;rdica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21"><sup>21</sup></xref> Esses pacientes t&#234;m apresenta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica da COVID-19 mais grave e mortalidade tr&#234;s vezes maior. Da mesma forma, esses pacientes podem enfrentar diversos obst&#225;culos no ambiente domiciliar ap&#243;s a alta. Para aqueles com limita&#231;&#245;es funcionais ap&#243;s a alta, deve-se refor&#231;ar a necessidade de reabilita&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        <list list-type="bullet">
          <list-item>
            <p>F&#237;sica: muitos pacientes receber&#227;o alta necessitando de cuidados por limita&#231;&#245;es respirat&#243;rias ou cuidados em &#225;rea de feridas/press&#227;o. Tamb&#233;m ser&#227;o necess&#225;rias interven&#231;&#245;es para recuperar a massa muscular e a capacidade funcional naqueles com neuromiopatia do paciente cr&#237;tico.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Psicol&#243;gica e neuropsicol&#243;gica: como resultado de suas experi&#234;ncias de doen&#231;a e tratamento, pacientes em recupera&#231;&#227;o podem desenvolver adversidades psicol&#243;gicas persistentes ou at&#233; mesmo comprometimento cognitivo.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Socioecon&#244;mico: as necessidades e circunst&#226;ncias sociais e econ&#244;micas dos pacientes foram comumente afetadas pela pandemia. O impacto potencial de mudan&#231;as durante o isolamento tamb&#233;m deve ser considerado.</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
        <p>Por esse motivo, nos pacientes que apresentaram manifesta&#231;&#227;o cardiovascular grave da doen&#231;a, deve-se considerar reavalia&#231;&#227;o na primeira semana ap&#243;s a alta hospitalar para verifica&#231;&#227;o dos sintomas cardiovasculares, ades&#227;o medicamentosa e esclarecimento de d&#250;vidas e dificuldades de readapta&#231;&#227;o &#224;s atividades rotineiras, levando-se em conta os procedimentos de reabilita&#231;&#227;o descritos abaixo. Ainda, o tempo m&#237;nimo para o retorno &#224;s atividades laborais deve seguir as diretrizes j&#225; existentes e levar em conta a funcionalidade ap&#243;s a alta e o tempo de isolamento m&#237;nimo necess&#225;rio.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Reabilita&#231;&#227;o Cardiovascular</title>
        <p>Estabelecida cientificamente como importante interven&#231;&#227;o na preven&#231;&#227;o secund&#225;ria, a reabilita&#231;&#227;o cardiovascular &#233; uma das medidas com indica&#231;&#227;o IA pela SBC em diversos contextos de cuidados na doen&#231;a arterial coronariana, no p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio de cirurgias card&#237;acas e na insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, tendo particular import&#226;ncia no per&#237;odo ap&#243;s a alta de interna&#231;&#245;es por quadros agudos, como &#233; o caso da COVID-19.</p>
        <p>No atual momento, onde h&#225; necessidade de se cumprirem as diretrizes de distanciamento social e redu&#231;&#227;o de mobilidade, destaca-se a urg&#234;ncia na implementa&#231;&#227;o de modelos eficazes de combina&#231;&#227;o de atendimento presencial e de telemonitoramento remoto. No &#226;mbito mundial, diferentes meios de comunica&#231;&#227;o t&#234;m sido utilizados nesse processo de reabilita&#231;&#227;o virtual (por exemplo, telefone/celular, aplicativos para <italic>smartphone</italic>, e-mail, mensagem de texto, p&#225;ginas da Internet, videoconfer&#234;ncias). No entanto, &#233; essencial a avalia&#231;&#227;o individual do risco-benef&#237;cio para os atendimentos &#224; dist&#226;ncia, como menor intensidade no treinamento f&#237;sico intensivo, menor apoio social, padr&#245;es de treino remoto ainda em elabora&#231;&#227;o e preocupa&#231;&#245;es de seguran&#231;a em pacientes com maior risco. A adapta&#231;&#227;o do ambiente de reabilita&#231;&#227;o cardiopulmonar durante a pandemia de COVID-19 est&#225; detalhada na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t11">Tabela 11</xref>.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t11">
          <label>Tabela 11</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Recomenda&#231;&#245;es para a adapta&#231;&#227;o dos centros de reabilita&#231;&#227;o cardiopulmonar para a pandemia da COVID-19</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <colgroup width="100%">
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Aplicar o question&#225;rio de rastreamento de sintomas e contato (<xref ref-type="app" rid="app1">Suplemento A</xref>) e cancelar o atendimento presencial em caso de qualquer resposta positiva</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Uso obrigat&#243;rio de m&#225;scaras cir&#250;rgicas pelo paciente e pela equipe durante toda a perman&#234;ncia no centro de reabilita&#231;&#227;o</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Manter dist&#226;ncia m&#237;nima de 2,0 m, sempre que poss&#237;vel, durante o uso de aparelhos (cicloerg&#244;metro, esteira)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Organizar sess&#245;es individuais ou reduzir o n&#250;mero de pacientes por atendimento o m&#225;ximo poss&#237;vel</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Desinfec&#231;&#227;o sistem&#225;tica do material utilizado antes e depois de cada atividade</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Utilizar programas mais curtos, concentrando os esfor&#231;os nos componentes principais de cada paciente atendido</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Substituir, sempre que poss&#237;vel, as sess&#245;es presenciais por avalia&#231;&#227;o e monitoramento remotos, orientando os pacientes de acordo com o equipamento e com o meio de comunica&#231;&#227;o mais adequado para o momento (telefone, mensagens de texto, e-mails, consultas por v&#237;deo-chamada, plataformas e aplicativos dedicados)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Promover estrat&#233;gias especiais para a maioria dos imunocomprometidos, como pacientes transplantados card&#237;acos</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Interromper as atividades comunit&#225;rias que n&#227;o respeitem as regras de distanciamento social</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>10. Seguran&#231;a dos Pacientes e Profissionais de Sa&#250;de na Pandemia</title>
      <p>Proteger pacientes e profissionais de sa&#250;de em todos os n&#237;veis deve ser o objetivo principal na retomada das atividades durante a pandemia. Estudos j&#225; demonstraram a alta taxa de contamina&#231;&#227;o entre profissionais da sa&#250;de, al&#233;m do potencial papel desse grupo na dissemina&#231;&#227;o da COVID-19, como superdisseminadores, tanto no ambiente de trabalho quanto na comunidade.</p>
      <p>A higieniza&#231;&#227;o das m&#227;os e o uso adequado do EPI s&#227;o imprescind&#237;veis para minimizar os riscos de contamina&#231;&#227;o dos trabalhadores de sa&#250;de pelo SARS-CoV-2. Desse modo, &#233; de suma import&#226;ncia que toda a equipe receba treinamento sobre a utiliza&#231;&#227;o correta do EPI, com aten&#231;&#227;o especial &#224; paramenta&#231;&#227;o e &#224; desparamenta&#231;&#227;o, que devem ser padronizadas para reduzir o risco de contamina&#231;&#227;o. Toda a equipe deve receber capacita&#231;&#227;o e demonstrar habilidade para coloca&#231;&#227;o, uso, retirada e descarte correto e seguro do EPI.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26"><sup>26</sup></xref></p>
      <p>A orienta&#231;&#227;o de utiliza&#231;&#227;o do EPI espec&#237;fico deve ser baseada no risco biol&#243;gico a que os profissionais estar&#227;o expostos durante as atividades e deve atender &#224;s seguintes recomenda&#231;&#245;es:</p>
      <list list-type="bullet">
        <list-item>
          <p>Regulariza&#231;&#227;o junto aos &#243;rg&#227;os certificadores e &#224; Anvisa;</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <p>Utiliza&#231;&#227;o adequada, higieniza&#231;&#227;o ou descarte peri&#243;dico, conforme recomenda&#231;&#245;es t&#233;cnicas;</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <p>Inspe&#231;&#227;o, reparo e substitui&#231;&#227;o de acordo com instru&#231;&#245;es do fabricante.</p>
        </list-item>
      </list>
      <p>No entanto, al&#233;m da seguran&#231;a f&#237;sica da equipe, deve-se considerar tamb&#233;m a seguran&#231;a legal, psicol&#243;gica, econ&#244;mica e informacional.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>a. Seguran&#231;a F&#237;sica</title>
        <p>Assegurar a integridade f&#237;sica do profissional de sa&#250;de envolvido &#233; uma das principais metas na implanta&#231;&#227;o de medidas de retorno &#224;s atividades. Al&#233;m do treinamento cont&#237;nuo de toda a equipe, da aplica&#231;&#227;o di&#225;ria do Question&#225;rio de Sintomas e Exposi&#231;&#227;o em toda a equipe e do rastreamento de contatos de casos confirmados, s&#227;o essenciais o fornecimento e o uso racional e sistem&#225;tico de EPI.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Sele&#231;&#227;o da Equipe no Retorno ao Trabalho</title>
          <p>Como os servi&#231;os voltar&#227;o de forma gradual &#224; sua capacidade total, &#233; importante selecionar para o retorno inicialmente os profissionais de sa&#250;de com menor risco e considerar a adequa&#231;&#227;o do risco aos ambientes de trabalho onde o profissional &#233; alocado.</p>
          <p>Primeiramente, evid&#234;ncias sugerem que os profissionais mais jovens e sem fatores de risco sejam priorizados em ambientes de &#8220;contato pr&#243;ximo&#8221; e &#8220;invasivo de vias a&#233;reas&#8221;, onde o risco ocupacional de infec&#231;&#227;o por SARS-CoV-2 &#233; maior. Por outro lado, profissionais idosos ou de meia-idade com fatores de risco devem ser encorajados, at&#233; momento oportuno, a manter-se em ambiente de atendimento remoto e/ou com distanciamento f&#237;sico rigoroso. Para os demais casos, pode-se seguir a <xref ref-type="table" rid="t12">Tabela 12</xref>.</p>
          <table-wrap id="t12">
            <label>Tabela 12</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Classifica&#231;&#227;o das prioridades a serem consideradas para retorno da equipe de trabalho</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
              <colgroup width="25%">
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                <tr>
                  <th align="left" valign="middle"/>
                  <th align="center" valign="middle">Jovem, sem fator de risco</th>
                  <th align="center" valign="middle">Meia-idade ou jovem com fator de risco<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN10">*</xref></th>
                  <th align="center" valign="middle">Idoso ou meia-idade com fator de risco<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN10">*</xref></th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Contato invasivo de vias a&#233;reas</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">1</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">2</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">3</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Contato pr&#243;ximo</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">1</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">2</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">3</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Contato moderado</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">1</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">2</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">2</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Sem contato / Remoto</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">1</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">1</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">1</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN9">
                <p>Prioridade 1 &#8211; retornar imediatamente</p>
                <p>Prioridade 2 &#8211; retornar ap&#243;s esgotados os profissionais de sa&#250;de em prioridade 1</p>
                <p>Prioridade 3 &#8211; N&#227;o retornar a princ&#237;pio, salvo extrema necessidade</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN10">
                <label>*</label>
                <p>Os fatores de risco est&#227;o listados na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Tabela 4</xref></p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Medidas de Controle de Transmiss&#227;o e Isolamento de Casos Suspeitos</title>
          <p>O profissional de sa&#250;de que apresentar sintomas sugestivos de infec&#231;&#227;o por SARS-CoV-2 deve ser prontamente afastado. A seguir, deve-se realizar a investiga&#231;&#227;o dos contatos dos 4 dias anteriores ao in&#237;cio dos sintomas. Os contatos devem ser monitorados, orientados a fazer quarentena por 10 dias do &#250;ltimo contato e, caso dispon&#237;vel, realizar <italic>swab</italic> nasofar&#237;ngeo para pesquisa do v&#237;rus por RT-PCR.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Crit&#233;rios para Retorno &#224;s Atividades Laborais ap&#243;s COVID-19</title>
          <sec>
            <title>&#8226; Casos suspeitos</title>
            <p>O profissional de sa&#250;de com quadro cl&#237;nico suspeito de COVID-19 (RT-PCR negativo ou n&#227;o coletado) poder&#225; retornar &#224;s atividades ap&#243;s preenchidos <underline>ambos</underline> os crit&#233;rios:</p>
            <p>1. Pelo menos 3 dias (72 horas) ap&#243;s crit&#233;rio de recupera&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica, definida como:</p>
            <list list-type="simple">
              <list-item>
                <label>-</label>
                <p>Resolu&#231;&#227;o da febre sem o uso de antit&#233;rmicos.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <label>-</label>
                <p>Melhora dos sintomas respirat&#243;rios (tosse, falta de ar) E</p>
              </list-item>
            </list>
            <p>2. Pelo menos 10 dias desde o in&#237;cio dos sintomas.</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>&#8226; Casos confirmados</title>
            <list list-type="simple">
              <list-item>
                <label>&#9702;</label>
                <p>
                  <italic>Sintom&#225;ticos</italic>
                </p>
              </list-item>
            </list>
            <p>O profissional de sa&#250;de com confirma&#231;&#227;o de COVID-19 (RT-PCR positivo) poder&#225; retornar &#224;s atividades ap&#243;s preenchidos <underline>ambos</underline> os crit&#233;rios:</p>
            <p>1. Pelo menos 3 dias (72 horas) ap&#243;s crit&#233;rio de recupera&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica, definida como:</p>
            <list list-type="simple">
              <list-item>
                <label>-</label>
                <p>Resolu&#231;&#227;o da febre sem o uso antit&#233;rmicos.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <label>-</label>
                <p>Melhora dos sintomas respirat&#243;rios (tosse, falta de ar), E</p>
              </list-item>
            </list>
            <p>2. Pelo menos 10 dias desde o in&#237;cio dos sintomas.</p>
            <list list-type="simple">
              <list-item>
                <label>&#9702;</label>
                <p>
                  <italic>Assintom&#225;ticos</italic>
                </p>
              </list-item>
            </list>
            <p>Devido &#224; aus&#234;ncia de sintomas, n&#227;o &#233; poss&#237;vel avaliar onde esses indiv&#237;duos est&#227;o no curso de sua doen&#231;a. Assim, caso haja confirma&#231;&#227;o por RT-PCR positivo em assintom&#225;tico, o crit&#233;rio para libera&#231;&#227;o do isolamento ser&#225;:</p>
            <list list-type="simple">
              <list-item>
                <label>&#10146;</label>
                <p>Pelo menos 10 dias do resultado do teste positivo.</p>
              </list-item>
            </list>
            <p>Para pacientes assintom&#225;ticos confirmados por testes sorol&#243;gicos, n&#227;o h&#225; orienta&#231;&#227;o clara sobre o retorno &#224;s atividades ap&#243;s testes positivos. No entanto, levando-se em conta a seguran&#231;a do ambiente de trabalho, deve-se considerar a estrat&#233;gia mais segura. Logo, sugere-se:</p>
            <list list-type="simple">
              <list-item>
                <label>&#10146;</label>
                <p>Sorologia IgM ou IgA reagente ou IgG/IgM reagentes &#8211; retorno ap&#243;s 10 dias do teste.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <label>&#10146;</label>
                <p>Sorologia IgG reagente &#8211; sem necessidade de afastamento.</p>
              </list-item>
            </list>
            <p>Aconselha-se consultar especialistas em doen&#231;as infecciosas para definir tempo de retorno ao trabalho para os indiv&#237;duos que possam permanecer transmissores por mais de 10 dias (por exemplo, imunocomprometidos).</p>
          </sec>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resid&#234;ncia M&#233;dica e Complementa&#231;&#227;o especializada</title>
          <p>Os estagi&#225;rios s&#227;o uma parte importante dos programas e servi&#231;os de cardiologia em boa parcela do pa&#237;s. Durante a pandemia do COVID-19, muitos deles foram transferidos de seus est&#225;gios de imagem para o atendimento cl&#237;nico de pacientes com COVID-19 em hospital e unidades de terapia intensiva.</p>
          <p>No retorno &#224;s atividades, sugere-se que os iniciantes sejam deslocados para divis&#245;es onde sua inexperi&#234;ncia n&#227;o aumente o tempo de exposi&#231;&#227;o da equipe ao paciente. A educa&#231;&#227;o precisa ser revisada buscando novos m&#233;todos de aprendizado, incluindo abordagens de aprendizado baseadas em videoconfer&#234;ncias e treinamento remoto.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>b. Seguran&#231;a Legal</title>
        <p>Pacientes admitidos devem assinar previamente termo de consentimento, de prefer&#234;ncia contendo informa&#231;&#245;es de que est&#227;o cientes que o procedimento est&#225; sendo realizado durante epidemia de COVID-19, com riscos inerentes ao procedimento e ao momento excepcional. Tamb&#233;m s&#227;o recomendados documenta&#231;&#227;o e armazenamento dos question&#225;rios di&#225;rios de sintomas e exposi&#231;&#227;o tanto dos profissionais de sa&#250;de como dos pacientes, para caso haja necessidade futura, assim como documenta&#231;&#227;o por escrito de rotinas de precau&#231;&#227;o contra transmiss&#227;o consideradas pela equipe respons&#225;vel pelo atendimento.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Profissionais de Sa&#250;de em Situa&#231;&#227;o de Risco</title>
          <p>Como citado anteriormente no t&#243;pico de <italic>Sele&#231;&#227;o da equipe no retorno &#224;s atividades</italic>, alguns profissionais n&#227;o retornar&#227;o de imediato ao trabalho. Nesses casos de afastamento (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Tabelas 6</xref> e <xref ref-type="table" rid="t12">12</xref>) ou durante o per&#237;odo de sintomas, isolamento e reabilita&#231;&#227;o em caso de infec&#231;&#227;o por SARS-CoV-2, faz-se necess&#225;ria uma rede de apoio entre os especialistas para encaminhamento imediato dos pacientes sob sua cust&#243;dia.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>c. Seguran&#231;a Psicol&#243;gica</title>
        <p>&#192; medida que a situa&#231;&#227;o de pandemia continua, s&#227;o necess&#225;rias estrat&#233;gias para apoiar psicologicamente os profissionais de sa&#250;de, em especial o grupo mais suscet&#237;vel a sofrimento psicol&#243;gico. O suporte psicol&#243;gico pode incluir servi&#231;os de aconselhamento e desenvolvimento de sistemas de apoio entre colegas. S&#227;o tamb&#233;m parte do plano:<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27"><sup>27</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28"><sup>28</sup></xref></p>
        <list list-type="bullet">
          <list-item>
            <p>Monitorar constantemente a equipe quanto ao bem-estar, em especial se for necess&#225;rio trabalhar em jornadas prolongadas ou quando remanejados para &#225;reas desconhecidas.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Facilitar o acesso aos servi&#231;os de sa&#250;de mental e de apoio psicossocial.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Manter busca ativa de profissionais em condi&#231;&#245;es psicol&#243;gicas comprometidas e em situa&#231;&#227;o de <italic>burnout.</italic></p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Exigir o <italic>feedback</italic> peri&#243;dico dos colaboradores.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Fornecer atualiza&#231;&#245;es de informa&#231;&#245;es precisas a todos os funcion&#225;rios.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Considerar rod&#237;zios das fun&#231;&#245;es de maior estresse f&#237;sico/emocional com as de menor estresse.</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>d. Seguran&#231;a Econ&#244;mica</title>
        <p>No momento atual, os custos crescentes com o cuidado ao paciente com COVID-19, aliados &#224; receita reduzida, pressionam financeiramente as institui&#231;&#245;es de sa&#250;de tanto no ambiente p&#250;blico como na iniciativa privada. &#201; essencial que o comit&#234; diretor mantenha atualizado de maneira constante o planejamento financeiro, negociando os repasses p&#250;blicos no ambiente do Sistema &#218;nico de Sa&#250;de, ainda mais sobrecarregado nessa pandemia, e assegurando-se de acordo com a previs&#227;o de receitas quando na sa&#250;de suplementar. &#202;nfase particular deve ser dada ao aumento de custos associados a adapta&#231;&#227;o ambiental, uso de EPI e redu&#231;&#227;o da capacidade de atendimento para garantir o distanciamento f&#237;sico dos pacientes durante o fluxo no servi&#231;o de sa&#250;de.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>e. Seguran&#231;a Informacional</title>
        <p>O combate a not&#237;cias falsas e o oferecimento de uma literatura de sa&#250;de apropriada aos pacientes s&#227;o miss&#245;es do cardiologista e da equipe multidisciplinar. A SBC tem emitido informes t&#233;cnicos orientados ao cardiologista e aos pacientes. A Organiza&#231;&#227;o Mundial de Sa&#250;de e entidades governamentais t&#234;m mostrado sua preocupa&#231;&#227;o sobre a &#8220;infodemia&#8221; (com a propaga&#231;&#227;o de not&#237;cias falsas) e seus impactos sobre a sa&#250;de f&#237;sica e psicol&#243;gica dos pacientes.</p>
        <p>&#201; de responsabilidade da equipe de sa&#250;de manter-se atualizada e fornecer aos pacientes informa&#231;&#245;es claras, objetivas e embasadas em fontes seguras para evitar a propaga&#231;&#227;o de informa&#231;&#245;es incorretas, incompletas, mal interpretadas ou falsas.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p><bold>Nota:</bold> Estes Posicionamentos se prestam a informar e n&#227;o a substituir o julgamento cl&#237;nico do m&#233;dico que, em &#250;ltima an&#225;lise, deve determinar o tratamento apropriado para seus pacientes.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <app-group>
      <app id="app1">
        <title>11. Suplemento A</title>
        <p>Question&#225;rio de Sintomas e Exposi&#231;&#227;o para ser aplicado antes da realiza&#231;&#227;o de procedimentos intervencionistas eletivos</p>
        <p>
          <bold>Question&#225;rio de sintomas:</bold>
        </p>
        <p>
          <bold>Nos &#250;ltimos 14 dias voc&#234; apresentou algum desses sintomas?</bold>
        </p>
        <p>Sintomas maiores (basta 1 para suspeita):</p>
        <list list-type="simple">
          <list-item>
            <label>&#9633;</label>
            <p>Febre</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <label>&#9633;</label>
            <p>Tosse</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <label>&#9633;</label>
            <p>Falta de ar</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <label>&#9633;</label>
            <p>Confus&#227;o mental</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <label>&#9633;</label>
            <p>Perda da sensa&#231;&#227;o de gosto / cheiro</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
        <p>Sintomas menores (s&#227;o necess&#225;rios 2 para suspeita):</p>
        <list list-type="simple">
          <list-item>
            <label>&#9633;</label>
            <p>Fadiga/cansa&#231;o</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <label>&#9633;</label>
            <p>Diarreia</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <label>&#9633;</label>
            <p>Nariz escorrendo</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <label>&#9633;</label>
            <p>N&#225;usea e/ou v&#244;mitos</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <label>&#9633;</label>
            <p>Dor de garganta</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <label>&#9633;</label>
            <p>Dor de cabe&#231;a</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <label>&#9633;</label>
            <p>Conjuntivite</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <label>&#9633;</label>
            <p>Outro:_________________________</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
        <p>
          <bold>Question&#225;rio de Exposi&#231;&#227;o:</bold>
        </p>
        <p>1. Nos &#250;ltimos 14 dias voc&#234; teve contato, por mais de 15 minutos e a uma dist&#226;ncia menor que 2,0 m, com alguma pessoa diagnosticada ou identificada pelo m&#233;dico como suspeita de COVID-19?</p>
        <p>&#9633; SIM &#9633; N&#195;O</p>
        <p>2. Nos &#250;ltimos 14 dias voc&#234; esteve internado em algum servi&#231;o de sa&#250;de?</p>
        <p>&#9633; SIM &#9633; N&#195;O</p>
        <p>3. Se profissional de sa&#250;de: Voc&#234; esteve em contato sem uso de EPI com pacientes com suspeita ou confirma&#231;&#227;o de COVID-19?</p>
        <p>&#9633; SIM &#9633; N&#195;O</p>
      </app>
    </app-group>
    <ref-list>
      <title>Refer&#234;ncias</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Huang</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Wang</surname>
              <given-names>Y</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Li</surname>
              <given-names>X</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ren</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Zhao</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
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        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Statement</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Statement &#8211; Protocol for the Reconnection of Cardiology Services with Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic &#8211; 2020</article-title>
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          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3711-1754</contrib-id>
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            <surname>Bittencourt</surname>
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        <contrib contrib-type="author">
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        </aff>
        <aff id="aff14">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital S&#237;rio Liban&#234;s, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff15">
          <label>3</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do C&#226;ncer do Estado de S&#227;o Paulo (ICESP), S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff16">
          <label>4</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Bayer Pharmaceuticals SA, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff17">
          <label>5</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Niter&#243;i</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niter&#243;i, RJ &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff18">
          <label>6</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Centro de Ensino e Treinamento Edson de Godoy Bueno / UHG, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff19">
          <label>7</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias M&#233;dicas da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FCM/UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff20">
          <label>8</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">campinas</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Sociedade Campineira de Educa&#231;&#227;o e Instru&#231;&#227;o, campinas, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff21">
          <label>9</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Curitiba</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">CardioEco Centro de Diagn&#243;stico Cardiovascular, Curitiba, PR &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff22">
          <label>10</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff23">
          <label>11</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff24">
          <label>12</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Jo&#227;o Pessoa</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">PB</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Alberto Urquiza Wanderley, Jo&#227;o Pessoa, PB &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Corresponding Address:</bold> Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia &#8211; Av. Marechal C&#226;mara, 360/330 &#8211; Centro &#8211; Rio de Janeiro &#8211; Postal Code: <postal-code>20020-907</postal-code>. E-mail: <email>diretrizes@cardiol.br</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p><bold>Development:</bold> Brazilian Society of Cardiology</p>
      <p><bold>Norms and Guidelines Council (2020-2021):</bold> Brivaldo Markman Filho, Antonio Carlos Sobral Sousa, Aurora Felice Castro Issa, Bruno Ramos Nascimento, Harry Correa Filho, Marcelo Luiz Campos Vieira</p>
      <p><bold>Norms and Guidelines Coordinator (2020-2021):</bold> Brivaldo Markman Filho</p>
      <table-wrap id="t37">
        <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
          <colgroup width="50%">
            <col/>
            <col/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr>
              <th align="center" valign="middle" colspan="2">The report below lists declarations of interest as reported to the SBC by the experts during the period of the development of these update, 2020.</th>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" valign="top">Expert</th>
              <th align="left" valign="top">Type of relationship with industry</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Andr&#233;a Araujo Brand&#227;o</td>
              <td align="left" valign="top">FINANCIAL DECLARATION<break/>A - ECONOMICALLY RELEVANT PAYMENTS OF ANY KIND MADE TO (i) YOU, (ii) YOUR SPOUSE/PARTNER OR ANY OTHER PERSON LIVING WITH YOU, (iii) ANY LEGAL PERSON IN WHICH ANY OF THESE IS EITHER A DIRECT OR INDIRECT CONTROLLING OWNER, BUSINESS PARTNER, SHAREHOLDER OR PARTICIPANT; ANY PAYMENTS RECEIVED FOR LECTURES, LESSONS, TRAINING INSTRUCTION, COMPENSATION, FEES PAID FOR PARTICIPATION IN ADVISORY BOARDS, INVESTIGATIVE BOARDS OR OTHER COMMITTEES, ETC. FROM THE BRAZILIAN OR INTERNATIONAL PHARMACEUTICAL, ORTHOSIS, PROSTHESIS, EQUIPMENT AND IMPLANTS INDUSTRY:<break/>- Servier: Lectures<break/> - Libbs: Hypertension<break/> - Novartis: Heart failure<break/> - EMS: Hypertension<break/> - Sandoz: Hypertension<break/> - Abbott: Hypertension<break/> OTHER RELATIONSHIPS<break/> FUNDING OF CONTINUING MEDICAL EDUCATION ACTIVITIES, INCLUDING TRAVEL, ACCOMMODATION AND REGISTRATION IN CONFERENCES AND COURSES, FROM THE BRAZILIAN OR INTERNATIONAL PHARMACEUTICAL, ORTHOSIS, PROSTHESIS, EQUIPMENT AND IMPLANTS INDUSTRY:<break/> - Servier: Hypertension</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Driele Peixoto</td>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Nothing to be declared</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">&#201;rique Jos&#233; Farias Peixoto de Miranda,</td>
              <td align="left" valign="top">FINANCIAL DECLARATION<break/> A - ECONOMICALLY RELEVANT PAYMENTS OF ANY KIND MADE TO (i) YOU, (ii) YOUR SPOUSE/PARTNER OR ANY OTHER PERSON LIVING WITH YOU, (iii) ANY LEGAL PERSON IN WHICH ANY OF THESE IS EITHER A DIRECT OR INDIRECT CONTROLLING OWNER, BUSINESS PARTNER, SHAREHOLDER OR PARTICIPANT; ANY PAYMENTS RECEIVED FOR LECTURES, LESSONS, TRAINING INSTRUCTION, COMPENSATION, FEES PAID FOR PARTICIPATION IN ADVISORY BOARDS, INVESTIGATIVE BOARDS OR OTHER COMMITTEES, ETC. FROM THE BRAZILIAN OR INTERNATIONAL PHARMACEUTICAL, ORTHOSIS, PROSTHESIS, EQUIPMENT AND IMPLANTS INDUSTRY:<break/> - Bayer: Xarelto<break/> OTHER RELATIONSHIPS<break/> EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIP WITH THE BRAZILIAN OR INTERNATIONAL PHARMACEUTICAL, ORTHOSIS, PROSTHESIS, EQUIPMENT AND IMPLANTS INDUSTRY, AS WELL AS ANY EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIP WITH HEALTH INSURANCE COMPANIES OR MEDICAL AUDIT COMPANIES (INCLUDING PART-TIME JOBS) IN THE YEAR TO WHICH YOUR DECLARATION REFERS:<break/> - Bayer</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Evandro Tinoco Mesquita</td>
              <td align="left" valign="top">OTHER RELATIONSHIPS<break/> EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIP WITH THE BRAZILIAN OR INTERNATIONAL PHARMACEUTICAL, ORTHOSIS, PROSTHESIS, EQUIPMENT AND IMPLANTS INDUSTRY, AS WELL AS ANY EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIP WITH HEALTH INSURANCE COMPANIES OR MEDICAL AUDIT COMPANIES (INCLUDING PART-TIME JOBS) IN THE YEAR TO WHICH YOUR DECLARATION REFERS:<break/> - UnitedHealth Group</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Fernando Bacal</td>
              <td align="left" valign="top">FINANCIAL DECLARATION<break/> A - ECONOMICALLY RELEVANT PAYMENTS OF ANY KIND MADE TO (i) YOU, (ii) YOUR SPOUSE/PARTNER OR ANY OTHER PERSON LIVING WITH YOU, (iii) ANY LEGAL PERSON IN WHICH ANY OF THESE IS EITHER A DIRECT OR INDIRECT CONTROLLING OWNER, BUSINESS PARTNER, SHAREHOLDER OR PARTICIPANT; ANY PAYMENTS RECEIVED FOR LECTURES, LESSONS, TRAINING INSTRUCTION, COMPENSATION, FEES PAID FOR PARTICIPATION IN ADVISORY BOARDS, INVESTIGATIVE BOARDS OR OTHER COMMITTEES, ETC. FROM THE BRAZILIAN OR INTERNATIONAL PHARMACEUTICAL, ORTHOSIS, PROSTHESIS, EQUIPMENT AND IMPLANTS INDUSTRY:<break/> - Novartis: Entresto</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Giuliano Generoso</td>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Nothing to be declared</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Jos&#233; Francisco Kerr Saraiva</td>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Nothing to be declared</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Marcelo Ant&#244;nio Cartaxo Queiroga Lopes</td>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Nothing to be declared</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Marcio Sommer Bittencourt</td>
              <td align="left" valign="top">FINANCIAL DECLARATION<break/> A - ECONOMICALLY RELEVANT PAYMENTS OF ANY KIND MADE TO (i) YOU, (ii) YOUR SPOUSE/PARTNER OR ANY OTHER PERSON LIVING WITH YOU, (iii) ANY LEGAL PERSON IN WHICH ANY OF THESE IS EITHER A DIRECT OR INDIRECT CONTROLLING OWNER, BUSINESS PARTNER, SHAREHOLDER OR PARTICIPANT; ANY PAYMENTS RECEIVED FOR LECTURES, LESSONS, TRAINING INSTRUCTION, COMPENSATION, FEES PAID FOR PARTICIPATION IN ADVISORY BOARDS, INVESTIGATIVE BOARDS OR OTHER COMMITTEES, ETC. FROM THE BRAZILIAN OR INTERNATIONAL PHARMACEUTICAL, ORTHOSIS, PROSTHESIS, EQUIPMENT AND IMPLANTS INDUSTRY:<break/> - Sanofi: Research<break/> - EMS: Lectures<break/> Novo Nordisk: Lectures<break/> C - PERSONAL RESEARCH FUNDING PAID BY THE BRAZILIAN OR INTERNATIONAL PHARMACEUTICAL, ORTHOSIS, PROSTHESIS, EQUIPMENT AND IMPLANTS INDUSTRY:<break/> - Sanofi: Research</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Pedro Henrique M. Craveiro de Melo</td>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Nothing to be declared</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Silvio Henrique Barberato</td>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Nothing to be declared</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </table-wrap>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>1. Introduction and General Concepts</title>
        <p>The pandemic resulting from the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection, named COVID-19, emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref> Since then, millions of people around the world have been affected and hundreds of thousands have died.</p>
        <p>The virus spreads mainly from person to person,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref> directly via the airways or indirectly through contact with contaminated surfaces and objects. Respiratory infections occur through the transmission of virus-filled droplets (&gt; 5 <italic>&#956;</italic>m, approximate extension of 1.5 m) or aerosols (&#8804; 5 <italic>&#956;</italic>m, approximate extension of 8 m) exhaled by infected individuals.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref> Recent data have suggested the possibility of airborne transmission. The contact of the contaminated respiratory droplets, eliminated when infected persons breath, talk, sneeze and cough, with the ocular, oral and nasal mucosa of susceptible individuals results in SARS-CoV-2 transmission. With the dissemination of COVID-19 and the fast increase in the number of cases, studies have shown the viability of the virus in the environment as well as the role played by contaminated surfaces in SARS-CoV-2 hospital spread.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref> Based on droplet transmission, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the United States have recommended the practice of physical distancing of at least 1.5 m and hand hygiene to reduce viral spread.</p>
        <p>The COVID-19 clinical presentation can range from mild/moderate illness, which affects 80% of the cases, to more severe illness, which affects the other 20% with findings that in Brazil are comparable to those of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> The most sensitive symptoms of mild to moderate illness are dry cough and fever, which might or not be present at disease onset, while the most specific symptoms are olfactory and gustative disorders.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> The SARS is defined as a influenza-like illness (ILI) associated with dyspnea/respiratory distress OR persistent chest pressure OR O<bold>2</bold> saturation &lt;95% on room air OR bluish coloration of lips and face, with tachypnea, cyanosis and severe pulmonary impairment.</p>
        <p>Because of the virus spread potential, the severe clinical presentation of some cases and the lack of a specific viral treatment, or even a vaccine, nonpharmacological measures have been the most effective interventions to contain disease spread.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref> Such non-pharmaceutical interventions are aimed at reducing the person-to-person viral transmission by limiting the contact between infected and susceptible individuals, either by increasing the distance between people or reducing the intensity and duration of the contact or by using measures and physical or chemical devices that help prevent the person-to-person viral spread.</p>
        <p>The non-pharmaceutical interventions can be as follows:</p>
        <list list-type="bullet">
          <list-item>
            <p>Physical distancing: consists in keeping a minimum physical distance of 2.0 m between individuals, some examples being school dismissal, closure of crowded places, and travel restrictions.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Measures of transmission blockade: hand hygiene with water and soap or alcohol, respiratory etiquette, and use of face masks or other physical contact barriers.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Identification and isolation of cases of suspected or confirmed COVID-19: maintain individual isolation.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Quarantine of contacts: active tracing of contacts of confirmed cases and their household confinement, in addition to clinical course monitoring of suspected cases.</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
        <p>This pandemic is a daunting challenge to the population. The current humanitarian crisis is due not only to COVID-19 itself, but also to the collateral damage associated with the following: the delay and reduction in the care provided to other diseases in emergency settings; the reduction in the access to care provided to chronic illnesses in outpatient settings; and the higher exposure to risk factors for the development of other diseases (sedentary lifestyle, obesity, anxiety, and emotional stress). Moreover, economic losses pile up, as do the psychological impact and burnout associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The decrease in the proper delivery of general healthcare can occur mainly in two circumstances. First, there is a reduction in the number of routine medical consultations and tests. This disruption in the chronic patients&#8217; care might lead to acute decompensation of some conditions, such as arterial hypertension, diabetes, and heart failure. Similarly, other severe consequences to face might be related to the reduction in the search for urgency and emergency healthcare for time-sensitive circumstances, such as acute coronary syndromes, acute heart failure, and stroke, for which delay compromises outcomes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref></p>
        <p>To minimize those adversities, the Brazilian Society of Cardiology (SBC) has compiled recent evidence, which is limited and sometimes grounded in expert opinions or preliminary reports, to create structured guidance aimed at reconnecting physicians to patients for a planned reopening of cardiological services. Such guidance is intended for risk reduction for not only patients and patient companions, but also healthcare professionals involved in the clinical activities of Cardiology.</p>
        <p>The recommendations presented in this document are based on evidence available at the time of its elaboration and on expert opinions. The knowledge about COVID-19 progresses fast and dynamically, thus the protocols for the safe return of medical care, as well as of invasive and non-invasive procedures, are constantly being updated. This project was conceived by the SBC to be a source of reference material for its associates. The recommendations presented, however, should not be used as the sole base to define local protocols, and other updated sources should be considered as the knowledge in the field evolves.</p>
        <p>This position paper was aimed at aligning the following demands:</p>
        <list list-type="bullet">
          <list-item>
            <p>To minimize the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission among patients, healthcare personnel and others involved in the patient&#8217;s care.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>To early identify patients with suspected COVID-19 and conduct triage to assign proper levels of care, to reduce the risk of complications from COVID-19 and ongoing cardiovascular diseases, and to reduce the risk of viral transmission.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>To provide patients and healthcare professionals with safe and reliable information on COVID-19-related care.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>To reduce the negative impact from the lack of outpatient management of pre-existing conditions on the emergency and hospital admission settings.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>To optimize the use of personal protective equipment (PPE).</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
        <p>Thus, to deliver excellent care, ensuring the safety of healthcare professionals and patients with cardiovascular disease, we should consider the following assumptions:</p>
        <list list-type="bullet">
          <list-item>
            <p>Because the clinical presentation varies, the definition of the presence or absence of SARS-CoV-2 infection might not be possible based only on initial clinical assessment. Clear screening protocols should be used to minimize the traffic of patients with suspected COVID-19 in the healthcare setting, except for urgency or emergency care. When necessary, that traffic should occur with the lowest possible risk of contamination.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>All healthcare professionals should undergo continuous training regarding good practices, institutional protocols, and patient care flowcharts.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>The delivery of emergency care should follow the same protocol of the care provided to patients with confirmed/suspected COVID-19, since COVID-19 cannot be ruled out timely for the proper care in the emergency setting, which should continue to operate at full capacity.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Elective and semi-elective procedures will be resumed after thorough planning, but should be restricted to limited capacity, with continuous reassessment by the steering committee, always respecting authorizations and occasional traffic restrictions, and reopening of medical services defined by competent authorities.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Separate pathways for traffic, with access routes to diagnostic equipment clearly indicated using adequate signage to the transportation services, patients and other workers who do not belong to the medical sector, aiming at minimizing contact and exposure. For individuals with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 requiring a test or procedure, the healthcare flows and pathways, as well as the corresponding waiting areas, should be set up apart from the flows and pathways for those without suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Reduction in the traffic and exposure of healthcare workers (receptionists, and hygiene and administrative professionals).</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
        <p>Finally, the hierarchy of the healthcare flows in different areas of Cardiology requires the definition of the patient&#8217;s clinical profile, of the physical distancing between the patient and the healthcare team, of the type of their contact during the delivery of care, in addition to the level of urgency for the treatment of heart diseases.</p>
        <p>The reopening time of Cardiology services should align with institutional policies and follow the recommendations of competent authorities. Important considerations include the local incidence of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, the trend in the number of disease cases, and the institutional resources available, including facilities, human resources, and PPE supply chains. For example, if the PPE storage is limited, the transitory suspension of elective care delivery might be necessary to prevent PPE shortage in the urgency and emergency care.</p>
        <p>As the Brazilian regions tend towards the COVID-19 epidemic control after its transforming impact on healthcare services, that guidance might relax restrictions on a regional basis. Therefore, monitoring patients and healthcare workers is crucial to identify the progression of possible local transmission and the need to increase the response level inside medical institutions, particularly those with hospital beds. Thus, the medical community must remain on the alert and attentive to the evolving character of the recommendations both in the state or municipal level and even in their offices, clinics, and hospitals.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>2. Healthcare and Patient&#8217;s Clinical Profiles, and Healthcare Environment</title>
        <sec>
          <title>a. General Guidance to all Healthcare Settings</title>
          <p>To resume healthcare activities safely, it is essential that all medical services define a local plan elaborated with the active participation of the medical staff, of the professionals with experience in infection control and patient&#8217;s safety, as well as of all healthcare professionals involved. Thus, the following initial measures, applicable to all healthcare levels, are proposed:</p>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>Activities should resume with limited capacity, for example, 25% of the pre-COVID-19 maximum capacity, enabling the controlled implementation of interventions and assessment of healthcare flow. After obtaining an appropriate flow, the healthcare volume can be increased in a staggered way. However, reaching the pre-COVID-19 flow volumes should not be expected during the period of relaxation of restrictions because of the adaptations required. The potential impact of these measures on the financial sustainability of the health service should be considered.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>The care of more symptomatic patients and those with illnesses most likely to decompensate within the next few weeks or months should be prioritized, lowering the chance of hospitalizations and complications in the short and medium term, and helping fight the overload of the hospital admission system.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Aiming at ensuring physical distancing, adaptations in the physical structure, such as flooring demarcation, are required in association with the installation of physical barriers in the workplace, such as acrylic or glass panels.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Ensure that hygiene and cleaning materials, such as alcohol gel, tissue papers and hand soap, are readily available and easily reached, in addition to ensuring the proper disposal of residues.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Elaborate visual reminders, such as banners and posters, which should be made available to patients digitally or displayed at the entrance of the service and at strategic places disclosing key information on hand hygiene, respiratory etiquette, and COVID-19 major signs and symptoms.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Make sure all healthcare personnel wear proper PPE continuously during the entire time of care delivery (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Make sure all patients and patient companions older than 2 years wear a mask, and, for those who do not, provide one at the time of triage. It is worth emphasizing that some healthcare settings with proper characteristics, such as hospitals, might have specific regulation enforcing the use of disposable surgical masks. These specifications should be considered by the health services when defining which mask the patient is required to wear.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>For bigger-size medical services with larger teams of workers, a reopening committee should be constituted for the continuous discussion of the adjustments required in the interventions and healthcare volume to reduce the risk of transmission.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>On the day before the consultation or test, the Screening Questionnaire of Symptoms and Exposures (<xref ref-type="app" rid="app2">Appendix A</xref>) should be applied via email or telephone contact. All patients should complete that questionnaire verbally (telephone) or in writing (e-mail or printed).</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Upon arrival for healthcare, all patients should have their body temperature measured.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>When a consultation or test is required for a patient with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, a separate room should be reserved for it.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>In the hospital setting, barriers should be placed for outpatients, creating &#8216;clean&#8217; entrances and exits, that is, preventing contact with inpatients.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>For urgency and emergency care (definition in section 2b), where neither previous screening nor healthcare delay is possible, apply objectively, after standard cardiac assessment, the Screening Questionnaire of Symptoms and Exposures to define the epidemiological status.</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
          <fig id="f4">
            <label>Figure 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Guidance on PPE according to the risk levels. For level 2, goggles can be replaced with face shield. At level 3, the face shield is mandatory and cannot be replaced by goggles. Adapted from GVIMS/GGTES/ANVISA.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-115-04-0776-01004-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
          <p>In case of any positive answer to that questionnaire (<xref ref-type="app" rid="app2">Appendix A</xref>):</p>
          <p>Make sure the patient wears a surgical mask.</p>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>Keep the patient in a separate waiting room, with doors closed and, if possible, adequate signage.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Keep physical distancing of 2.0 m.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>The supervisor and medical care provider should be informed, and all healthcare personnel involved should be wearing proper PPE.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Urgency and emergency services should define a specific healthcare flow according to the local structure available.</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>b. Definition of the Cardiological Care Profile According to its Urgency</title>
          <p>Defining the healthcare protocol requires considering the patient&#8217;s clinical condition and its urgency. Therefore, four care profiles were defined according to the patients&#8217; clinical characteristics and risk of worsening due to postponing the care:</p>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>Profile A: emergency care setting: when the care, assessment and intervention should be performed within the next minutes or hours.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Profile B: urgent care setting: when the care, assessment and intervention should be performed within the next days.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Profile C: semi-elective care setting: when the care, assessment and intervention should be performed within the next weeks, ideally within 3 months.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Profile D: elective care setting: when the care, assessment and intervention are not deemed necessary in the short term and could be postponed for more than 3 months.</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
          <p><xref ref-type="table" rid="t13">Table 1</xref> shows the major clinical presentations of the cardiovascular diseases according to the above classification of healthcare required.</p>
          <table-wrap id="t13">
            <label>Table 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Major clinical presentations of cardiovascular diseases according to the urgency of the healthcare required</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
              <colgroup width="100%">
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>Emergency healthcare setting</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">ST-elevation myocardial infarction</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">High-risk acute coronary syndrome</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Refractory ventricular arrhythmia</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">AF due to ventricular pre-excitation syndrome</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Acute aortic syndromes</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Corrections of cardiac anatomical dysfunctions leading to cardiogenic shock</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Dysfunction of an intra- or extracorporeal MCAD</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Bradyarrhythmias and tachyarrhythmias with hemodynamic repercussion</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Cardiac tamponade</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Acute pulmonary edema</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>Urgency healthcare setting</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Moderate-risk acute coronary syndrome</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Low-risk acute coronary syndrome</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Significant valve anatomical dysfunction, symptomatic</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">AF and recurrent supraventricular tachycardia with clinical repercussion</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">NYHA functional class IV decompensated heart failure</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Urgent heart transplant</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">High-risk cardiac tumors</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Severe congenital heart disease, symptomatic</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Severe hypertriglyceridemia &gt; 1000 mg/L</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Dysfunction of any component of the CIED</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">CIED at the end of battery life</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>Semi-elective healthcare setting</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Stable angina</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Uncontrolled hypertension</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">NYHA functional class III decompensated heart failure</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Uncontrolled diabetes</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Moderate valve anatomical dysfunction</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Aortic aneurysm</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Significant valve anatomical dysfunction, asymptomatic</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Patients assessed for MCAD implantation</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">New cardiac anatomical change in a previously healthy patient</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">CIED with battery requiring non-urgent replacement</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>Elective healthcare setting</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Other cases</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN11">
                <p>AF: atrial fibrillation; CIED: cardiac implantable electronic device; MCAD: mechanical circulatory assistance device; NYHA: New York Heart Association.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>c. Definition of the Patient&#8217;s Clinical Profile (COVID-19 Status)</title>
          <p>The clinical presentation compatible with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 should consider the definition of FLS and SARS as shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t14">Table 2</xref>.</p>
          <table-wrap id="t14">
            <label>Table 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Definition of influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
              <colgroup width="50%">
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="top">Classification</td>
                  <td align="left" valign="top">Clinical characteristics</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="top">ILI</td>
                  <td align="left" valign="top">Respiratory symptoms, such as cough, runny nose, sore throat, with or without fever<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN12">*</xref></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="top">SARS</td>
                  <td align="left" valign="top">O<bold>2</bold> saturation &lt;95% on room air AND/OR respiratory rate &#8805;24 bpm</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN12">
                <label>*</label>
                <p>Fever may not be present in some cases, such as elderly and immunocompromised patients, when the clinical assessment should be taken into consideration.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
          <p>The clinical criterion, however, does not allow to establish the etiology, and other agents should enter in the differential diagnosis, based on epidemiological evidence, laboratory tests, and radiological findings.</p>
          <p>Regarding the SARS-CoV-2 infection, a patient&#8217;s clinical profile can be as follows:</p>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p><italic>With suspected COVID-19</italic>: case suspected of FLS or SARS based on presumptive clinical, radiological or laboratory criterion.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p><italic>With confirmed active COVID-19</italic>: case suspected of FLS or SARS with SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by use of a definitive laboratory method (positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2) or IgM serology AND:</p>
              <list list-type="simple">
                <list-item>
                  <label>&#9702;</label>
                  <p>within 10 days from symptom onset or from the test date, if asymptomatic; OR</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <label>&#9702;</label>
                  <p>within 3 days from the last COVID-19-related symptom.</p>
                </list-item>
              </list>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p><italic>With confirmed resolved COVID-19</italic>: confirmed COVID-19 with evidence of improvement of clinical findings, defined as absence of fever for &gt;3 days and improvement of the respiratory symptoms (cough, shortness of breath) AND:</p>
              <list list-type="simple">
                <list-item>
                  <label>&#9702;</label>
                  <p>at least 10 days have passed since the first symptoms OR</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <label>&#9702;</label>
                  <p>positive IgG serology with clinical history compatible with previous COVID-19</p>
                </list-item>
              </list>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p><italic>Contact of a suspected or confirmed case</italic>: an individual who came into contact (workplace, household) within the last 14 days with another classified into one of the three clinical profiles above.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p><italic>Asymptomatic individual without recent contact with a case</italic>: an individual with neither symptom suggestive of SARS-CoV-2 infection within the last 10 days nor contact with a suspected or confirmed case within the last 14 days.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p><italic>COVID-19 ruled out</italic>: Case suspected of FLS or SARS without laboratory confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the diagnostic window of opportunity OR laboratory confirmation of another etiological agent, such as influenza virus or respiratory syncytial virus. In highly suspected cases, it might be necessary to repeat the RT-PCR test in 48 hours due to its limited sensitivity.</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>d. Definition of the Healthcare Environment</title>
          <p>The above described clinical profiling is useful not only to define the urgency the medical care requires, but also its structural model of approach. Whenever possible, the risk of exposure of healthcare personnel, patients and patient companions should be minimized, prioritizing a safer, even though effective, care. Thus, the healthcare environment was classified according to the distance and contact duration between patients and healthcare workers:</p>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p><italic>Environment I: Remote care</italic>, where there is no physical contact between the patient and the healthcare team.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p><italic>Environment II: Moderate-contact setting</italic>, where there is in-person contact between the patient and the healthcare team, with short-time exposure (&lt; 15 minutes) and/or greater physical distancing (&gt; 1.5 m).</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p><italic>Environment III: Close-contact setting</italic>, there is close or prolonged physical contact between the patient and the healthcare team (&gt;15 minutes, in a closed environment).</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p><italic>Environment IV: Invasive contact and potential airway manipulation</italic>, there is either direct contact with the patient or patient&#8217;s airway manipulation, and consequent exposure to aerosols.</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
          <p>To make it clearer, <xref ref-type="table" rid="t15">Table 3</xref> depicts examples of several environments of routine cardiological care. It is worth emphasizing that diagnostic/procedural reports, whenever possible, should be elaborated and issued remotely.</p>
          <table-wrap id="t15">
            <label>Table 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Classification of Cardiology care environments according to person-to-person contact</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
              <colgroup width="100%">
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>Cardiology care environments</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>Remote care</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Decision-making support systems</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Teleconsulting, including telephonic guidance</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Tele Regulation</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Telediagnosis and remotely issued reports</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Teleducation</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>Moderate-contact environment</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Parking lot (valet parking)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Receptionists and administrative workers</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Security professionals</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>Close-contact environment</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">In-person medical appointment</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Presence of healthcare personnel in nuclear medicine tests</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Presence of healthcare personnel in imaging tests (CT, MRI, echocardiography)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Presence of healthcare personnel in cardiology graphical methods</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>Invasive contact and potential airway manipulation</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Oroscopy and physical exam</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Transesophageal echocardiography</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Invasive procedures in electrophysiology</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Invasive procedures in interventional cardiology</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN13">
                <p>CT, computed tomography; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>3. COVID-19 Precautionary Measures and Confinement</title>
        <p>Four levels of occupational risk from exposure to SARS-CoV-2 have been distinguished: extremely high, high, intermediate, and low (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">Figure 2</xref>). The occupational risk assessment depends on the distance and duration of contact between the professional and the patient, on the type of procedure performed and its risk of aerosol generation, in addition to the patient&#8217;s clinical profile regarding the SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p>
        <fig id="f5">
          <label>Figure 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Pyramid of occupational risk for COVID-19 (adapted from Occupational Safety and Health Administration - OSHA).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref></title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-115-04-0776-01004-gf02-en.tif"/></fig>
        <p>Therefore, in addition to standard precautionary measures, the following should be implemented by the healthcare services:</p>
        <list list-type="simple">
          <list-item>
            <label>&#9702;</label>
            <p>Precautionary measures against contact</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <label>&#9702;</label>
            <p>Precautionary measures against droplets</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <label>&#9702;</label>
            <p>Precautionary measures against aerosols</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
        <p>Some aerosol-generating procedures are as follows: tracheal intubation or aspiration, non-invasive mechanical ventilation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, manual ventilation before intubation, nasotracheal sample collection, bronchoscopy. For the healthcare in which these aerosol-generating procedures are routine or potentially necessary, precautionary measures against droplets should be replaced with precautionary measures against aerosols.</p>
        <p>Thus, the necessary PPE for healthcare delivery to suspected or confirmed cases of COVID-19 are as follows:</p>
        <sec>
          <title>a. Standard Precautionary Measures</title>
          <p>Instituted for all patients and comprise:</p>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>Hand hygiene.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Masking &#8211; during the COVID-19 pandemic, face masks should be worn for standard precaution, as detailed below for level 1 PPE.</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
          <p>If there is risk of exposure to blood or secretions:</p>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>Wear procedural gloves.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Wear goggles and gown.</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
          <p>Dispose PPE waste into appropriate containers.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>b. Precautionary Measures Against Contact + Droplets:</title>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>Surgical face mask.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Googles or face shield.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Gown with minimum weight of 30 g/m<sup>2</sup>.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Procedural gloves.</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>c. Precautionary Measures Against Contact + Aerosols:</title>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>N95/PPF2 respirator or equivalent.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Face shield.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Fluid-resistant gown.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Hair cap.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Procedural gloves.</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
          <p>In addition to aerosol-generating procedures, when managing patients with sputum, bleeding, vomiting or diarrhea, the healthcare professional should wear a fluid-resistant gown. The rational use of PPE in healthcare services is required, and because of the risk of PPE shortage, the recommendations on PPE use may change due to contingency plans during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>d. Recommendation on PPE Use According to the Procedure Complexity and the Patient&#8217;s Clinical Profile (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figures 1</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">2</xref>, <xref ref-type="table" rid="t16">Table 4</xref>)</title>
          <table-wrap id="t16">
            <label>Table 4</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Definition of the PPE usage level according to risk</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup width="25%">
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                <tr>
                  <th align="left" valign="middle">Risk</th>
                  <th align="center" valign="middle">Exposure type</th>
                  <th align="center" valign="middle">Healthcare type</th>
                  <th align="center" valign="middle">PPE level</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" style="background-color:#FF0000;">Extremely high risk</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">Exposure to patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="2">Oroscopy and ophthalmoscopy<break/>TEE, exercise stress testing<break/>Invasive procedures in electrophysiology and interventional cardiology</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="2">Level 3</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                  <td align="center" valign="middle" style="background-color:#FF0000;">Invasive contact of airways</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">Aerosol-generating procedures</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" style="background-color:#FFC000;">High risk</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="2">Exposure to patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="2">Nuclear medicine tests<break/>Imaging tests (CT, MRI, TTE)<break/>Graphical methods in cardiology</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="2">Level 2</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                  <td align="center" valign="middle" style="background-color:#FFC000;">Close-contact environment</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" style="background-color:#FFFF00;">Intermediate risk</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="2">Frequent and in-person contact</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="2">Receptionists<break/>Administrative workers<break/>Parking lot<break/> In-person appointment</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="2">Level 1</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                  <td align="center" valign="middle" style="background-color:#FFFF00;">Moderate-contact environment</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" style="background-color:#FFFF00;">Low risk</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">No contact with patients</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">Tele Regulation<break/>Telediagnosis<break/>Teleducation</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">No specific PPE</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle" style="background-color:#FFFF00;">Remote care</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN14">
                <p>CT: computed tomography; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; TEE: transesophageal echocardiography; TTE: transthoracic echocardiography. For in-person consultations of patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, level 2 PPE should be worn. Some guidelines consider that imaging tests and graphic methods, except for exercise test, require the use of only surgical mask, particularly when the likelihood of active COVID-19 is low, when COVID-19 is resolved or in cases with neither symptoms nor recent contact and a recent negative test for COVID-19.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
          <p><bold>Level 1 PPE</bold>: For intermediate risk, moderate-contact environment.</p>
          <sec>
            <title>Standard Precautionary Measures</title>
            <p>Indicated for NON-invasive procedures when performed electively AND in patients without suspected COVID-19.</p>
            <list list-type="bullet">
              <list-item>
                <p>Professionals involved in activities favoring contact between one another greater than 2.0 m can wear a cloth face mask.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>If the 2.0 m physical distancing from patient is not guaranteed, a surgical mask should be worn during the activities (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t17">Table 5</xref>).</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Physical barriers, such as acrylic plaques and flooring demarcation, should be installed to favor distancing of at least 2.0 m (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t17">Table 5</xref>).</p>
              </list-item>
            </list>
            <table-wrap id="t17">
              <label>Table 5</label>
              <caption>
                <title>Standard precaution according to distancing</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
                <colgroup width="50%">
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left" valign="middle">Precaution type</th>
                    <th align="center" valign="middle">Standard</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left" valign="middle">Professionals &gt; 2.0 m from patient</td>
                    <td align="center" valign="middle">Cloth face mask</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left" valign="middle">Professionals &lt; 2.0 m from patient</td>
                    <td align="center" valign="middle">Surgical mask</td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN15">
                  <p>A cloth face mask should not be used by healthcare personnel during care delivery.</p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
            <p><bold>Level 2 PPE</bold>: For high risk, close-contact environment.</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Precautionary Measures Against Contact + Droplets</title>
            <p>Indicated for NON-invasive procedures when performed in an emergency situation OR in patients with confirmed OR suspected COVID-19.</p>
            <p><bold>Level 3 PPE</bold>: For extremely high risk, invasive contact of airways.</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Precautionary Measures Against Contact + Aerosols</title>
            <p>Indicated for invasive and <bold>aerosol-generating</bold> procedures performed:</p>
            <list list-type="bullet">
              <list-item>
                <p>electively AND in patients with <bold>no</bold> suspected COVID-19.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>in an emergency situation OR in patients with confirmed OR suspected COVID-19.</p>
              </list-item>
            </list>
            <p>Note: For invasive procedures, replace the PPE (gloves, gowns) with properly sterilized equipment.</p>
            <p>It is worth emphasizing that cloth face masks are not PPE, thus they should not be worn by healthcare or ancillary personnel in situations requiring the use of either a surgical mask (during healthcare or direct contact, in which the minimum 2.0 m distance between one another cannot be kept) or an N95/PFF2 respirator (during aerosol-generating procedures).</p>
          </sec>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>e. Surface cleaning and disinfection</title>
          <p>There is no differentiated recommendation for surface cleaning and disinfection after contact with cases of suspected or confirmed COVID-19. However, it is mandatory that healthcare services revise their operational procedures for cleaning and disinfection of environment and surfaces to ensure better practices and increased periodicity of cleaning.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16"><sup>16</sup></xref></p>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>All specific equipment in cardiological management should be cleaned at the end of the workday and professionals should be wearing PPE to prevent contact with infected materials.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Monitors and surfaces of the ultrasound device can be covered with a disposable plastic wrap to reduce the risk of contamination and facilitate cleaning.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>After a patient with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 leaves the procedure room, the equipment and all areas that the patient and healthcare professionals had contact with should be cleaned/disinfected with usual sanitizers.</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>4. Strategic Approach in the Healthcare Environment</title>
        <sec>
          <title>a. In-person Healthcare Environment</title>
          <table-wrap id="t38">
            <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
              <colgroup width="100%">
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>Classification: Environment II (moderate contact)</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>Risk: Low to intermediate</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
          </table-wrap>
          <p>In-person healthcare is provided in the out-of-hospital environment, which comprises basic healthcare units, outpatient speciality clinics, hospital outpatient clinics, clinics, and medical offices. These are an essential part of the health system response, because of the potential increase in cardiovascular outcomes in the medium-term due to the deficit in the medical care for that population. Adaptations of the healthcare protocol should include the following changes in routine care:<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16"><sup>16</sup></xref></p>
          <sec>
            <title>Scheduling</title>
            <list list-type="bullet">
              <list-item>
                <p>Appointments should be scheduled remotely (telephone or online), using dedicated digital platforms or message apps.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Fewer appointments should be scheduled and at longer intervals, allowing a patient to leave the healthcare facility, including the waiting room, before the next one arrives, minimizing contact between one another.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>The triage of patients with respiratory symptoms should be performed during scheduling and upon appointment confirmation by using the Screening Questionnaire of Symptoms and Exposures (<xref ref-type="app" rid="app2">Appendix A</xref>).</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>The use of a face mask by the patient and patient companion should be advised and required regardless of either the presence of symptoms or their responses to the Screening Questionnaire of Symptoms and Exposures.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>The patient should be advised to attend the appointment alone, whenever possible. When strictly necessary, indicate that only one companion is allowed, and this person should also complete the same Screening Questionnaire of Symptoms and Exposures.</p>
              </list-item>
            </list>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Physical Structure/ Waiting Room</title>
            <list list-type="bullet">
              <list-item>
                <p>Keep the environment ventilated (air conditioning with ventilation, which ensures air exchange, or opened windows).</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Downsize the reception personnel that has physical contact with patients.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Install physical barriers in the reception to reduce contact, such as acrylic plaques and flooring demarcation to remind people to maintain at least 2.0 m between one another.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Display visual reminders at the service entrance and strategic places disclosing key information on hand hygiene, respiratory etiquette, and signs and symptoms of suspected COVID-19.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Provide tissue paper for nasal hygiene or respiratory etiquette in the waiting room, in addition to foot-pedal trash cans for discarding tissues and paper towels.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Provide dispensers with alcoholic preparations for hand hygiene and sinks with liquid soap dispensers, paper towel and its support, touchless garbage can.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Encourage waiting in an open or external environment, observing the minimum 2.0 m physical distancing.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Demarcate the minimum 2.0 m distance between the seats.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Provide disposable cups for water and coffee.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Remove shared objects from the room, such as magazines and newspapers.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Advise on hand hygiene before and after completing the forms, using pens, and paying with credit card. Clean the credit card payment machine and, to facilitate the process, the device can be covered with a disposable plastic wrap and cleaned after each use.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Provide surgical masks for patients with respiratory symptoms and instruct them on the correct mask wearing during their entire stay in the unit, if the care is strictly necessary. Patients requiring elective or semi-elective care, however, should return home for individual confinement and investigation for COVID-19, and a new appointment rescheduled for later. Masks should be replaced whenever moist or dirty.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>A patient with respiratory symptoms should be referred to a separated room or area, isolated from other patients.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Increase the cleaning and disinfection frequency of the environment, objects and higher-contact surfaces.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Neither carpets soaked in sanitizing solutions nor disinfection booths at the entrance of the service are recommended due to lack of documented efficacy.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>No product should be sprayed onto patients, patient companions or healthcare workers because of the high risk of intoxication and lack of scientific evidence for its use.</p>
              </list-item>
            </list>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Patient Companion</title>
            <list list-type="bullet">
              <list-item>
                <p>Advise patients to come to the appointment alone.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>If a companion is required for a patient who needs supervision or for any other reason, allow the presence of only one person who does not belong to the risk group (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t18">Table 6</xref>).</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>On the day prior to the appointment, apply the Screening Questionnaire of Symptoms and Exposures to the patient companion.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Patients requiring elective or semi-elective care with companions who have symptoms or had recent contact with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases should not attend a medical appointment.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Patient companions should follow all the instructions and recommendations provided to patients.</p>
              </list-item>
            </list>
            <table-wrap id="t18">
              <label>Table 6</label>
              <caption>
                <title>Risk group assessment for screening the patient companion</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
                <colgroup width="100%">
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left" valign="middle">Age &gt; 65 years</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left" valign="middle">Obesity</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left" valign="middle">Systemic arterial hypertension</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left" valign="middle">Diabetes mellitus</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left" valign="middle">Smoking</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left" valign="middle">Heart failure</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left" valign="middle">Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left" valign="middle">Chronic kidney disease</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left" valign="middle">Sickle cell anemia</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left" valign="middle">Continuous immunosuppression (transplants, HIV infection, oncological diseases, chronic use of immunosuppressants)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left" valign="middle">Asthma (moderate to severe)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left" valign="middle">Cerebrovascular disease</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left" valign="middle">Pregnancy</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left" valign="middle">Liver disease</td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
            </table-wrap>
          </sec>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>b. Healthcare Via Telemedicine</title>
          <table-wrap id="t39">
            <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
              <colgroup width="100%">
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>Classification: Environment I (remote)</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>Risk: None</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
          </table-wrap>
          <p>Telemedicine plays a fundamental role in the rational return to healthcare activities and was detailed in the 2019 Brazilian Society of Cardiology Guideline on Telemedicine in Cardiology.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17"><sup>17</sup></xref> In the context of that guideline, we should emphasize the teleconsultation and telemonitoring concepts and highlight that their use is recommended, except for urgency and emergency patients, who require in-person care. In addition to the general recommendation for telemedicine use, it is worth noting that remote care should be preferred when the healthcare provider belongs to the risk group.</p>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>All telemedicine consultations must take place with synchronous image and sound, in addition to equipment that ensures patient privacy and confidentiality, as well as proper recording of information in a patient&#8217;s medical record.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Telemedicine can be used routinely for pre-consultation by the physician, who should assess the patient&#8217;s need for an in-person visit, define the risk of the patient&#8217;s clinical findings, refer the patient to a hospital, when necessary, or even solve the case providing complete healthcare via telemedicine.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Remote healthcare should be preferably provided with digital certification and electronic signature, ensuring originality of the information, as well as safety for both physician and patient.</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>c. Remote Follow-up</title>
          <table-wrap id="t40">
            <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
              <colgroup width="100%">
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>Classification: Environment I (remote)</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>Risk: None</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
          </table-wrap>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>Telemonitoring of necessary vital signs and test results can be performed via other remote access media. Some examples of telemonitoring: follow-up of heart failure symptoms and blood pressure levels; telemetry of cardiac implantable electronic device; remote control of laboratory test results, such as kidney function, anticoagulation etc.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Telemonitoring can and should be used for the remote follow-up of patients to reduce the number of in-person medical visits and, thus, the traffic of patients, whenever possible.</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>5. Strategic Approach in the Context of Non-Invasive Tests</title>
        <sec>
          <title>a. Graphical Methods in Cardiology</title>
          <p>The complementary graphical methods in Cardiology can be classified according to the environment they are performed in and the distance between patients and healthcare professionals required, as follows:</p>
          <p>
            <italic>Remote Healthcare</italic>
          </p>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>Home Blood Pressure Monitoring (HBPM).</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
          <p>
            <italic>Moderate-contact Environment</italic>
          </p>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>Electrocardiography at rest.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Holter.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM).</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
          <p>
            <italic>Close-contact Environment</italic>
          </p>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>Tilt-table test.</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
          <p>Similarly to the instructions provided to other Cardiology areas, appointments should be scheduled remotely and at programmed hours to reduce the number of people at the same time in the waiting room. The Screening Questionnaire of Symptoms and Exposures should be applied on the day before the procedure for both the patient and the patient companion, which should only be present if essential and not belonging to the risk group for COVID-19 (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t18">Table 6</xref>).</p>
          <p>In the specific context of the graphical methods, remote diagnostic media should be encouraged, such as remote access and real-time telediagnosis, which reduce not only the number of healthcare professionals exposed but the duration of their exposure as well. When these tests cannot be delayed, the instructions include:</p>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>Issue electrocardiogram, Holter, ABPM and HBPM reports remotely.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Prioritize the use of HBPM over ABPM, whenever possible.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Follow the institutional protocols of distancing and hygiene/cleaning for the facility and the return of Holter and ABPM devices.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>To assess myocardial ischemia, consider an alternative to exercise testing, with association of imaging techniques and pharmacological stress to reduce the personnel exposure to droplets and aerosols.</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>b. Exercise Stress Testing</title>
          <table-wrap id="t41">
            <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
              <colgroup width="100%">
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>Classification: Invasive contact of airways</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>Risk: Extremely high</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
          </table-wrap>
          <p>Exercise testing is a valuable tool, considering its widespread use, and the major method for assessing myocardial ischemia in several services across the country. However, one should be cautious during the period of sustained community transmission of COVID-19, because of the higher risk of disease spread resulting from the increase in the patient&#8217;s respiratory rate and emission of droplets during the test, as well as the long length of stay in the testing room, which is a closed environment. Therefore, elective and semi-elective tests should be considered on a case-by-case basis. Postponing an exercise test is recommended during the phase of higher community transmission of SARS-CoV-2.</p>
          <p>In the rare situation in which exercise testing is deemed necessary for a patient with recent suspected or confirmed COVID-19, it should be performed observing the specific level 3 (contact precaution + aerosols). Due to the fact that scientific evidence is still uncertain regarding this type of exposure, there is a possibility of a change in the recommendation in future publications.</p>
          <p>With regard to the tilt test, although there is prolonged exposure by the health professional, there is no increase in respiratory work, and it can be inferred that the risk of transmission is not so increasing. Therefore, level 3 precaution is recommended.</p>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>When undergoing an exercise test, patients should wear a surgical mask during all the procedure.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18"><sup>18</sup></xref></p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Other people should not be present in the testing room (relatives, coaches etc.).</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Automatic blood pressure cuffs should be used whenever available.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>The healthcare team should wear proper PPE according to their distance from the patient, specific level 2 precaution.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>During the entire procedure, the healthcare team should stay at least 2.0 m away from the patient.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>The testing room should be actively ventilated and ideally at least 60 minutes between individual tests should be observed for each treadmill, allowing enough time for proper hygiene of the equipment.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>All equipment used for the test should be thoroughly cleaned between each patient assessed.</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>c. Echocardiography</title>
          <p>The reopening of echocardiography services should contemplate the already described measures regarding remote scheduling, larger interval between appointments, recommendations for patient companions, environment cleaning and hygiene, and physical distancing. Because of the close contact between the equipment operator and patients required during image acquisition, postponing elective and semi-elective tests should be considered during the sustained community transmission period, mainly for patients of the risk groups (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t19">Table 7</xref>).</p>
          <table-wrap id="t19">
            <label>Table 7</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Priority regarding eligibility for echocardiography testing</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
              <colgroup width="100%">
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>Urgency and emergency healthcare environment</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Recent clinically relevant cardiovascular symptoms (FC III or IV heart failure, syncope of cardiac origin, chest pain, arrhythmias)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Recent procedure requiring urgent follow-up</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Arrhythmias after device implantation</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Pericardial effusion</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Post-operative assessment in cardiac surgery</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Initial assessment before beginning oncological drug treatment (chemotherapy/immunotherapy)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Suspected infective endocarditis with high pre-test probability</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>Semi-elective healthcare environment</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Asymptomatic patient with chronic cardiac disease that requires monitoring</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Assessment of stable heart valve disease (aortic and mitral stenosis or regurgitation)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Pulmonary hypertension</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Disease progression after intervention (recurrent coarctation, duct stenosis)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Non-cardiological therapy requiring continuous monitoring</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Pulmonary artery systolic pressure estimation in patients on specific therapy</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Assessment of rejection after heart transplant</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Treatment for Kawasaki disease</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Follow-up assessment of the VAD function in stable patients</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Non-urgent pre-operative echocardiography</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>Elective healthcare environment</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Routine follow-up of chronic diseases: hypertension, coronary artery disease, annual assessment of aorta disease or of prosthetic valve function (normal function on the previous test and no new symptom)</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN16">
                <p>FC: functional class; VAD: ventricular assistance device.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>d. Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE)</title>
          <table-wrap id="t42">
            <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
              <colgroup width="100%">
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>Classification: Close-contact environment</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>Risk: High</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
          </table-wrap>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>In the initial phase of reopening, schedule high-priority tests first and then intermediate-priority ones, according to local epidemiological status and reopening success;</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Apply in advance the Screening Questionnaire of Symptoms and Exposures and repeat triage before the procedures;</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Healthcare personnel should wear proper PPE.</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>e. Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE)</title>
          <table-wrap id="t43">
            <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
              <colgroup width="100%">
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>Classification: Invasive contact of airways</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>Risk: Extremely high</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
          </table-wrap>
          <p>The general considerations for performing TEE follow the same principles already described. However, additional precaution is recommended because of the aerosol-generating potential related to the cough reflex in patients with unprotected airways. Therefore, proper complete and universal PPE should be worn, and thorough cleaning of the testing room and equipment performed.</p>
          <p>Ideally, aerosol-generating procedures should be carried out in a respiratory isolation unit with negative pressure and HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Arrestance) filter. When such unit is not available, the patient should be placed in an individual room with doors closed, and the number of healthcare professionals should be restricted during those procedures. Because of the high risk TEE poses, its indication should be assessed on an individual basis during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>
          <sec>
            <title>Recommended PPE</title>
            <p>All professionals in contact with the patient&#8217;s airways and the support team in the procedure room should take specific level 3 precaution (precaution against contact + aerosols).</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Equipment Cleaning</title>
            <p>Detailing the TEE equipment cleaning is beyond the scope of this document. Other cleaning and disinfection protocols provided by hospital infection control services and institutional technical rules should be followed routinely.</p>
          </sec>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>f. Stress Echocardiography</title>
          <table-wrap id="t44">
            <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
              <colgroup width="100%">
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>Classification: Close-contact environment</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>Risk: High</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
          </table-wrap>
          <p>Echocardiography performed with physical stress promotes the same respiratory rate changes described for exercise testing, compounded by the fact that the operator cannot keep proper distance from the patient. Thus, physical stress should be considered rather an exception and not applied routinely until the COVID-19 community transmission is properly controlled. An alternative is performing stress echocardiography with pharmacological agents or using other imaging methods when necessary. In exceptional cases, when physical stress echocardiography must be performed, specific level 3 precaution (precaution against contact + aerosols) should be taken by all professionals in the testing room.</p>
          <p>Stress echocardiography with dobutamine or other pharmacological agents should be the preferred alternative during the pandemic, and all precautionary measures recommended for performing an echocardiography at rest should be observed.</p>
          <sec>
            <title>Patients with Confirmed or Suspected COVID-19</title>
            <p>In patients with acute findings and diagnosed with confirmed or suspected COVID-19, echocardiography should be performed only in case of urgency and emergency, when the result of the test is expected to really impact on the clinical management. The use of portable devices is recommended, with special attention being paid to team protection.</p>
            <list list-type="bullet">
              <list-item>
                <p>Plan echocardiography in advance to analyze only the windows necessary for decision making.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Use the time at the patient&#8217;s side only to acquire images and videos, leaving measurements to be taken later with a dedicated software.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Reassign training professionals and less experienced echocardiographers to non-COVID-19 areas to minimize test duration.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>The healthcare team should wear the recommended PPE according to their proximity to the patient, specific level 3 precaution (precaution contact + aerosols).</p>
              </list-item>
            </list>
          </sec>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>g. Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the Heart</title>
          <table-wrap id="t45">
            <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
              <colgroup width="100%">
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>Classification: Moderate-contact environment</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>Risk: Intermediate</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
          </table-wrap>
          <p>Radiology services and their imaging rooms worldwide have not been projected contemplating restrictive measures against the transmission of infectious diseases. However, imaging tests are essential tools for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 and its complications.</p>
          <p>The previously mentioned initial measures related to remote appointment scheduling, longer intervals between appointments, recommendations regarding patient companions, healthcare environment cleaning/disinfection, and physical distancing must be observed.</p>
          <p>In the adaptation process for service reopening under the current uncommon conditions, patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 should undergo tests preferably using devices/equipment dedicated to their clinical profile, to prevent crossed contamination between infected and non-infected individuals. This is particularly important, because CT is frequently used in the investigation of cases with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. When that is not possible, it is necessary to define, in the equipment available, time slots dedicated to the clinical profile &#8216;suspected or confirmed COVID-19&#8217;, preferably at the end of the workday. Because SARS-CoV-2 remains viable on several surface types and environmental conditions, the imaging room must be cleaned and disinfected after being used for each patient with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 and before acquiring images from a patient without suspected or confirmed COVID-19, and that cleaning should follow institutional protocols.</p>
          <p>Elective and semi-elective tests should be rescheduled during the most intense COVID-19 community transmission period. Urgency and emergency tests should be considered according to the clinical need and the expectation of management definition based on test results.</p>
          <p>For in-patients, cardiovascular imaging can be used to replace invasive tests or tests that involve airway manipulation, such as TEE and coronary angiography. Thus, in some selected cases, cardiac CT can be used to search for left atrial appendage thrombus, or coronary tomography angiography used in non-ST- elevation acute coronary syndrome. For clinical profile A or B patients, for whom the tests are deemed necessary and irreplaceable, or in selected clinical profile C patients who need the tests, level 2 precaution is recommended. Because of the low level of evidence, this recommendation is made for the purpose of safety and other guidelines might recommend the use of only surgical mask for the care of patients with no suspected COVID-19. This strategy is particularly acceptable in cases of resolved COVID-19 or in cases with no symptom and a recent negative test for COVID-19.</p>
          <p>Cardiac MRI, because of the long time it requires to be performed, and thus, longer exposure of the healthcare personnel, should be indicated for patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 only exceptionally, such as for the differential diagnosis between myocarditis, Takotsubo syndrome, and myocardial infarction with no obstructive coronary artery disease (MINOCA). <xref ref-type="table" rid="t20">Table 8</xref> details the indications and priority levels for CT and MRI.</p>
          <table-wrap id="t20">
            <label>Table 8</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Indications for cardiac computed tomography / magnetic resonance imaging during COVID-19 pandemic</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
              <colgroup width="99%">
                <col width="1%"/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>Urgency healthcare environment</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">Non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome &#8211; differential diagnosis, to rule out:</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Coronary artery disease</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Acute myocarditis</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">MINOCA</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Takotsubo syndrome</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">Exclusion of pulmonary embolism (triple rule-out protocols)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">Detection of left atrial thrombus in AF in an in-patient</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">Heart valve dysfunction with acute decompensation</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">Suspected valvular endocarditis</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">Pre-TAVI planning</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">Assessment of VAD dysfunction</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">Surgery or biopsy programming for suspected malignant cardiac tumors</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">
                    <bold>Semi-elective healthcare environment</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">Detection of left atrial thrombus in persistent AF</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">Subacute or chronic heart valve dysfunction</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">Investigation of coronary artery disease in stable angina</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">Stable structural cardiac disease</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">Probably benign cardiac tumors with no surgery or biopsy programming</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">
                    <bold>Elective healthcare environment</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">Other clinical conditions</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN17">
                <p>AF: atrial fibrillation; MINOCA: myocardial infarction with no obstructive coronary artery disease; TAVI: transcatheter aortic valve implantation; VAD: ventricular assistance device.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>h. Nuclear Medicine</title>
          <table-wrap id="t46">
            <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
              <colgroup width="100%">
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>Classification: Moderate-contact environment</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>Risk: Intermediate</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
          </table-wrap>
          <p>Similarly to echocardiography, it is important to define the priorities of nuclear medicine tests, observing the patient&#8217;s clinical profile. Elective and semi-elective tests (profiles C and D) should be considered for later rescheduling during COVID-19 sustained community transmission. This is particularly important for patients with risk factors for COVID-19, such as age &gt; 60 years, systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes, chronic pulmonary disease, and other chronic illnesses, characteristics frequently found among those undergoing nuclear medicine tests. For clinical profile A or B patients, for whom the tests are deemed necessary and irreplaceable, or in selected clinical profile C patients who need the tests, level 2 precaution is recommended. The risks described for exercise testing should always be weighed when physical stress is considered. Because of the low level of evidence, this recommendation is made for the purpose of safety and other guidelines might recommend the use of only surgical mask for the care of patients with no suspected COVID-19. This strategy is particularly acceptable in cases of resolved COVID-19 or in cases with no symptom and a recent negative test for COVID-19. Thus, the following instructions are intended to align test planning with international guidelines:</p>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>
                <bold>To shorten test duration</bold>
              </p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Select the protocol with the shortest acquisition duration;</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Consider initiating the protocol at the stress phase and performing the test in one single day, mainly for patients with low probability of myocardial ischemia;</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Consider protocols restricted to stress imaging;</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Prefer pharmacological agents requiring the shortest time of infusion.</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>
                <bold>&#8226; To reduce the healthcare professional&#8217;s risk of exposure</bold>
              </p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Strictly assess the physical stress criterion for exercise testing to minimize its use during the pandemic, prioritizing protocols with pharmacological stress;</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Consider using automatic blood pressure cuffs, when available;</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Consider remote video surveillance during the test;</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>In stress protocols with adenosine and dipyridamole, extenders can be used to maintain the distance between professionals and patient;</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>For endocarditis, 18F-FDG PET should be considered an alternative to TEE, which determines extremely high exposure to the risk of droplets for device operators.</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
          <p>In addition to the measures implemented in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, its rapid progression and high impact can result in shortage or difficult distribution of medications and radiotracers. Thus, stricter control of their flow is essential, mainly when the number of new COVID-19 cases is high or in situations of possible disruption of the logistics of medication distribution.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>6. Catheterization Laboratory and Interventional Cardiology</title>
        <table-wrap id="t47">
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <colgroup width="100%">
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Classification: Invasive contact of airways</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Risk: Extremely high</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
        <sec>
          <title>a. Elective Procedures</title>
          <sec>
            <title>General Recommendations</title>
            <list list-type="bullet">
              <list-item>
                <p>In the cardiac catheterization laboratory (cath lab), elective patients should follow different flows from those of emergency patients.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>In services with more than one intervention room, an exclusive room for elective cases should be kept.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Keep the Heart Team active during the COVID-19 pandemic and involved in the reopening phase.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Apply the Screening Questionnaire of Symptoms and Exposures before performing elective interventional procedures (<xref ref-type="app" rid="app2">Appendix A</xref>).</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>At the beginning of the reopening process, select the patients with the highest potential for benefiting from percutaneous coronary intervention or from structural heart disease intervention (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t21">Table 9</xref>).</p>
              </list-item>
            </list>
            <table-wrap id="t21">
              <label>Table 9</label>
              <caption>
                <title>Patients with the highest potential for benefiting from cardiac interventions</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
                <colgroup width="100%">
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left" valign="middle">Symptomatic coronary artery disease of difficult clinical management</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left" valign="middle">Coronary artery disease and high-risk findings on functional testing</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left" valign="middle">Coronary artery disease and high-risk anatomical findings, such as severe obstruction of the left main coronary artery or of the anterior descending artery proximal third</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left" valign="middle">Symptomatic or asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis with reduced LVEF</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left" valign="middle">Mitral regurgitation in FC III/IV and recent progression, with recent drop in LVEF, or in services with established programs for percutaneous treatment of mitral regurgitation with mitral valve clipping</td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN18">
                  <p>FC: functional class; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction.</p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
            <p>Although controversial, the use of RT-PCR testing for COVID-19 diagnosis in asymptomatic patients admitted for elective procedures can be considered adequate to reduce the risk of hospital transmission. In such cases, the nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swab for RT-PCR testing can be collected within the 48 hours preceding the procedure, preferably at the patient&#8217;s home. This practice facilitates the patients&#8217; hospital allocation during admission, rationalizes the specific PPE use, and minimizes the risks of exposing healthcare personnel. If the RT-PCR is not available, we suggest the alternative flowchart (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">Figure 3</xref>).</p>
            <fig id="f6">
              <label>Figure 3</label>
              <caption>
                <title>Flowchart for managing elective procedures of interventional cardiology and electrophysiology according to SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing availability.</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-115-04-0776-01004-gf03-en.tif"/></fig>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>General Recommendations</title>
            <list list-type="bullet">
              <list-item>
                <p>Obtain the patient&#8217;s informed consent after clarifying the risks and benefits of performing the procedure during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Elective procedures in symptomatic patients or those with positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 should be postponed for at least 14 days. In clinical profile C and D patients, the risk-benefit of delaying the procedure until COVID-19 pandemic control should be considered.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>For transcatheter aortic valve implantation, minimalist approach with conscious sedation, when feasible, is recommended, prioritizing shortening the length of hospital stay and reducing the use of TEE.</p>
              </list-item>
            </list>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Preprocedural Recommendations</title>
            <sec>
              <title>1. When Routine Pre-admission RT-PCR Testing is Available</title>
              <list list-type="bullet">
                <list-item>
                  <p>The collection of nasal and oropharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing within the 48 hours preceding the procedure is recommended, and preferably at the patient&#8217;s home.</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>All patients should be instructed to keep social distancing and restrict contacts in the 14 days preceding the procedure.</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>By use of telephone or electronic contact, trace symptoms and exposure (<xref ref-type="app" rid="app2">Appendix A</xref>) in the 48 hours preceding the procedure.</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>If a patient companion is required, apply the Screening Questionnaire of Symptoms and Exposures and ask for RT-PCR testing.</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>It the RT-PCR test detects the presence of the virus, wait at least 14 days with symptom improvement for at least 3 days to reschedule the procedure. It is not necessary a new RT-PCR testing to approve the procedure, because the result might remain positive even with non-viable virus.</p>
                </list-item>
              </list>
            </sec>
            <sec>
              <title>2. When Pre-admission RT-PCR Testing is Not Available</title>
              <list list-type="bullet">
                <list-item>
                  <p>All patients should be instructed to keep home isolation and absolute contact restriction in the 14 days preceding the procedure;</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>Trace symptoms and exposure risk (<xref ref-type="app" rid="app2">Appendix A</xref>) before the procedure to improve safety.</p>
                </list-item>
              </list>
            </sec>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Procedural Recommendations</title>
            <p>All operators must use level 3 PPE (precaution against contact + aerosols).</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Postprocedural Recommendations</title>
            <list list-type="bullet">
              <list-item>
                <p>Refer patients to the post-anesthesia recovery room according to the triage result (COVID-19 positive or COVID-19 negative areas). If that is not possible, post-anesthesia recovery should happen in the procedure room.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Prioritize hospital discharge on the same day, and, if not possible, minimize the length of stay.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>When the intervention or exam is followed by hospital admission, use proper hospital flow and beds reserved for patients without COVID-19.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>After discharge, as an indicator of safety, follow patients up, regarding symptom onset, up to 10 days after the procedure. If the patient develops symptoms, search for the in-hospital contacts of the patient-index.</p>
              </list-item>
            </list>
          </sec>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>b. Urgency and Emergency Procedures</title>
          <p>With the elevated number of susceptible individuals in the population, the reopening of programs of elective percutaneous interventions will occur concomitantly with admissions related to SARS-CoV-2 infection, which is known to increase the risk for thromboembolic phenomena and to determine multiple cardiac manifestations, such as acute coronary syndromes, myocarditis, type II myocardial infarction and ventricular arrhythmias, in addition to stress cardiomyopathy (Takotsubo syndrome) triggered by the disease itself. Thus, it is essential to maintain a specific flow for the management of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases, as well as for the emergency healthcare of patients with acute coronary syndromes and unknown infectious status and no possibility of testing.</p>
          <sec>
            <title>General Recommendations</title>
            <list list-type="bullet">
              <list-item>
                <p>Reserve one room for confirmed or suspected COVID-19 cases and for emergency patients in services with at least two rooms available.</p>
              </list-item>
            </list>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Preprocedural Recommendations</title>
            <list list-type="bullet">
              <list-item>
                <p>Do not delay healthcare for emergency cases, such as ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction (AMI).</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Patients with the pre-hospital diagnosis of ST-elevation AMI via telemedicine and those referred from other units for primary angioplasty or rescue angioplasty should be sent directly to the cath lab, avoiding visit to the emergency unit.</p>
              </list-item>
            </list>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Procedural Recommendations</title>
            <list list-type="bullet">
              <list-item>
                <p>Provide level 3 PPE (precaution against contact + aerosols) for all healthcare personnel.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Maintain the team trained in the techniques to put on and remove the PPE;</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Reduce the number of individuals in the medical and multidisciplinary teams inside the procedure room to the lowest possible.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Reduce the materials on the stands and check the toolbox before the procedure to avoid opening the door.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Remove cabinets, whenever possible, or maintain their doors closed during the entire procedure.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>In rooms without negative pressure, avoid opening the door and use the audio communication system for external contact.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Assign one technologist wearing proper PPE to be outside the procedure room to deliver materials while briefly opening the door.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Use sedation parsimoniously to prevent airway management.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Perform rapid sequence orotracheal intubation (OTI), when necessary.</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>In patients with progressive impairment of respiratory mechanics, prioritize OTI and avoid using non-invasive ventilation and high-flow nasal cannula.</p>
              </list-item>
            </list>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Postprocedural Recommendations</title>
            <list list-type="bullet">
              <list-item>
                <p>At the end of the procedure, direct the patient to the specific zone for confirmed COVID-19 or for patients waiting for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR;</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Wait for transportation inside the procedure room to prevent contamination of the post-anesthesia recovery room.</p>
              </list-item>
            </list>
            <p>
              <bold>Postprocedural Cleaning</bold>
            </p>
            <list list-type="bullet">
              <list-item>
                <p>Remove PPE inside the procedure room;</p>
              </list-item>
              <list-item>
                <p>Perform final cleaning of the room as usual.</p>
              </list-item>
            </list>
          </sec>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>7. Electrophysiological Study</title>
        <table-wrap id="t48">
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <colgroup width="100%">
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Classification: Invasive contact of airways</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Risk: Extremely high</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
        <sec>
          <title>a. Elective Procedures</title>
          <p>The general recommendations for reopening elective programs apply to the cath lab invasive procedures. Patient&#8217;s informed consent should be obtained after clarification of the risks and benefits of undergoing the procedure during the COVID-19 pandemic, and different patients&#8217; flows should be observed for elective and urgency/emergency care.</p>
          <p>The most urgent tests/interventions (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t21">Table 9</xref>) and those with the highest prognostic impact should be prioritized to reduce the risk of death and prevent clinical decompensations.</p>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>Elective procedures in symptomatic patients or in those with a recent positive RT-PCR test, even though asymptomatic, should be postponed.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Although controversial, the use of RT-PCR testing to diagnose COVID-19 in asymptomatic patients admitted for elective electrophysiological study can be considered adequate to reduce the risk of in-hospital transmission (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">Figure 3</xref>).</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>b. Urgency and Emergency Procedures</title>
          <p>In the presence of imminent risk of hemodynamic decompensation or death (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t22">Table 10</xref>), patients with COVID-19 or unknown infectious status may be admitted for emergency interventions. In these cases, the safety recommendations for the healthcare team apply concomitantly.</p>
          <table-wrap id="t22">
            <label>Table 10</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Classification of the electrophysiological study procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19"><sup>19</sup></xref></title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
              <colgroup width="100%">
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>Elective healthcare environment</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Electrophysiological study or AF, flutter or nodal ablation in stable outpatients</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Electrophysiological study to assess stable tachyarrhythmias</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Cardioversion of stable arrhythmias with tolerable symptoms</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Left atrial appendage closure in patients on oral anticoagulation</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Tilt-table testing</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>Semi-elective healthcare environment</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Ablation of drug-refractory and recurrent ventricular tachycardia</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Supraventricular tachycardia determining multiple visits to the emergency unit</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">AF, flutter or nodal ablation in patients with recurring symptoms</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">
                    <bold>Urgency and emergency healthcare environment</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Ablation of ventricular tachycardia due to drug-refractory electrical storm</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome or pre-excitation with syncope or cardiovascular arrest</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">AF, flutter or nodal ablation in patients with significant hemodynamic impairment and drug refractoriness or cardioversion resistance</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN19">
                <p>AF: atrial fibrillation.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
          <p>The pre-procedural and procedural recommendations are similar to those described for the cath lab.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>8. Special Considerations on Heart Transplant Patients</title>
        <p>COVID-19 has specific repercussions for patients involved in heart transplant, such as donors and recipients, in the waiting list, and after the transplant. As already known, these patients are at increased risk for both SARS-CoV-2 infection and progression to severe disease because of comorbidities, their constant contact with healthcare units and professionals, in addition to immunosuppression. However, these patients are known for their high adherence to medical recommendations.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20"><sup>20</sup></xref> Thus, targeted prevention and treatment strategies are necessary.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21"><sup>21</sup></xref></p>
        <p>Regarding the donor, non-infected individuals should be chosen, having in mind that many can be asymptomatic/pre-symptomatic/oligosymptomatic carriers and that the current tests have significant limitations. Thus:</p>
        <list list-type="bullet">
          <list-item>
            <p>SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing should be performed as soon as organ donation is consented.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Whenever available, perform chest CT to rule out radiographic findings of suspected infection.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>If the RT-PCR test results positive, the organs should not be used for transplantation.</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
        <p>Regarding in-patients, both in the waiting list and posttransplant management:</p>
        <list list-type="bullet">
          <list-item>
            <p>They should be kept in &#8216;non COVID-19&#8217; units, being cared for by a dedicated multiprofessional team with no contact with positive cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>In-person outside visits should be limited and not recommended. The communication routine with family should be organized.</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
        <p>Regarding the ambulatory posttransplant management, the following is recommended:</p>
        <list list-type="bullet">
          <list-item>
            <p>Limit in-person visits for stable and asymptomatic patients.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Encourage telemonitoring of the serum levels of immunosuppressants;</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Delay endomyocardial biopsy in stable patients.</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
        <p>Heart transplant recipients, due to their sustained immunosuppression, may present typical (respiratory) and atypical (gastrointestinal) manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In such cases, the following is recommended:</p>
        <list list-type="bullet">
          <list-item>
            <p>Consider reducing the calcineurin inhibitor dose (cyclosporine or tacrolimus).</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Suspend temporarily antiproliferative drugs (mycophenolate or azathioprine).</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>9. Guidance to Patients with Risk Factors for SARS-CoV-2 Infection and its Clinical Repercussions</title>
        <p>Clinical cardiologists play an essential role in the care of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, among whom there is a high prevalence of risk factors associated with more severe clinical repercussions. Thus, the proper control of risk factors is essential for continuing the treatment, for the new decision-making, and for guidance on reducing the infection spread.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Patients at Increased risk for Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection</title>
          <p><xref ref-type="table" rid="t18">Table 6</xref> shows the risk factors for the severe COVID-19 forms. These patients should be advised on their condition and the need for continuing their treatment:</p>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>They should neither change nor suspend their medications without talking to their physicians.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>They should maintain a minimum medication supply to one month.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>They should maintain their vaccines updated according to the immunization calendar (especially against influenza and pneumococcal disease).</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>They should remain physically active and maintain a healthy lifestyle, as a measure to reduce the risk of COVID-19 complications.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22"><sup>22</sup></xref> The practice of physical exercises according to the recommended safety measures to prevent COVID-19 contamination should be encouraged.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Fighting against smoking is strongly recommended, even among lower-risk populations, such as young individuals, because of the increased likelihood of complications.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23"><sup>23</sup></xref></p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Never postpone the search for urgent care in case of any warning sign, such as chest pain, dyspnea, changes in speech, gait and/or localized muscular strength, or other condition requiring immediate attention.</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
          <p>These recommendations are aimed at strengthening adherence to treatment and control of cardiovascular risk factors (especially obesity and smoking), a strategy that may add additional value to the reduction in the risk of complications from COVID-19.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24"><sup>24</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25"><sup>25</sup></xref></p>
          <p>In addition, patients should be advised on maintaining the measures to reduce the risk for spread, such as:</p>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>To limit physical proximity interactions with other people, whenever possible.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>To take every precaution when interacting with other people:</p>
              <list list-type="simple">
                <list-item>
                  <label>&#9702;</label>
                  <p>observe the minimum 2.0 m physical distancing.</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <label>&#9702;</label>
                  <p>wear a cloth face mask.</p>
                </list-item>
              </list>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>To promote hand hygiene with water and soap or alcohol gel.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>To contact their physician in case of fever, diarrhea or respiratory symptoms.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>In case of suspected COVID-19, contraindicate self-medication and instruct about its risks.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>To avoid activities in which protective measures cannot be taken, such as situations in which social distancing cannot be maintained (gatherings in closed environments, events).</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>To avoid getting close to other people who are not taking protective measures.</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Post-discharge Care of Cardiac Patients and their Return to the Workplace after SARS-CoV-2 Infection</title>
          <p>Studies indicate that up to 20% of the patients have cardiovascular complications, such as arrhythmias, acute coronary syndrome, and myocardial injury during their hospitalization from COVID-19.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21"><sup>21</sup></xref></p>
          <p>These patients have a more severe clinical presentation of COVID-19 and mortality three times higher. In addition, they can face several obstacles in their household setting after discharge. The need for rehabilitation should be emphasized for those with post-discharge functional limitations.</p>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>Physical: several patients will be discharged requiring care because of their respiratory limitations or care in wound/pressure areas. In addition, interventions will be needed to recover both the muscle mass and functional capacity of those with neuromyopathy of the critically-ill patient.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Psychological and neuropsychological: because of their disease and treatment, recovering patients may develop persistent psychological adversities or even cognitive impairment.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Socioeconomic: the patients&#8217; needs and socioeconomic circumstances have been commonly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the potential impact of the changes during isolation should be considered.</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
          <p>Therefore, patients with severe cardiovascular manifestations of COVID-19 should be reassessed in the first week after hospital discharge regarding cardiovascular symptoms, adherence to medication, and clarification of doubts and difficulties to readapt to routine activities, considering the procedures of rehabilitation described below. In addition, the minimum time to return to work activities should follow the existing guidelines and consider post-discharge functionality and the minimum isolation necessary.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Cardiovascular Rehabilitation</title>
          <p>Scientifically established as an important intervention in secondary prevention, cardiovascular rehabilitation is one of the measures with class IA indication by the SBC in several care contexts (coronary artery disease, postoperative period of cardiac surgery, and heart failure), being particularly important after hospital discharge from acute conditions, such as COVID-19.</p>
          <p>Currently, when social distancing and mobility restriction measures are required, the implementation of effective models that combine in-person care and remote telemonitoring is urgent. Worldwide, different means of communication have been used in the virtual rehabilitation process (telephone/mobile, apps for smartphone, e-mail, text message, Internet pages, videoconferences). However, the individual risk-benefit assessment of remote healthcare is essential, such as lower intensity in intensive physical training, less social support, remote training standards still being elaborated, and safety concerns with patients at higher risk. The adaptation of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation settings during the COVID-19 pandemic is detailed in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t23">Table 11</xref>.</p>
          <table-wrap id="t23">
            <label>Table 11</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Recommendations for the adaptation of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation centers for the COVID-19 pandemic</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
              <colgroup width="100%">
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Apply the Screening Questionnaire of Symptoms and Exposures (<xref ref-type="app" rid="app2">Appendix A</xref>) and cancel in-person care in case of a positive answer to any question</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">The patient and the team must wear surgical masks during the entire length of stay in the rehabilitation center</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Maintain the minimum 2.0 m distance, whenever possible, during the use of the rehabilitation equipment (cycle ergometer, treadmill)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Organize individual sessions or reduce the number of patients per session to the minimum possible</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Provide systematic disinfection of the material used before and after each activity</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Use shorter programs, concentrating effort in the major components of each patient</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Replace, whenever possible, in-person sessions with remote assessment and monitoring, instructing patients according to the equipment and using the most suitable means of communication (telephone, text messages, e-mail, videoconference, dedicated platforms and apps)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Promote special strategies for immunocompromised patients, such as those undergoing heart transplantation</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="middle">Suspend community activities that do not respect the social distancing measures</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
          </table-wrap>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>10. Safety of Patients and Healthcare Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic</title>
        <p>Protecting patients and healthcare professionals at all levels should be the major objective in resuming work activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies have shown the high contamination rate among healthcare professionals, in addition to that group&#8217;s high potential to spread COVID-19, as super transmitters at both the workplace and the community.</p>
        <p>Hand hygiene and the proper use of PPE are essential to minimize the contamination risks for healthcare workers by SARS-CoV-2. It is paramount that all healthcare personnel receive training on the proper use of PPE, paying special attention to putting on and removing PPE, which should be standardized to reduce the risk of contamination. All personnel should be trained and show the ability to correctly and safely put on, use, remove, and dispose PPE.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26"><sup>26</sup></xref></p>
        <p>Guidance on the specific PPE use should be based on the biological risk the professionals are exposed to during their activities and follow the recommendations:</p>
        <list list-type="bullet">
          <list-item>
            <p>Regulation by certifying agencies and Anvisa.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Proper use, cleaning or periodical disposal, according to technical recommendations.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Inspection, repair, and replacement according to the manufacturer&#8217;s instructions.</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
        <p>It is worth emphasizing that, in addition to the team&#8217;s physical safety, legal, psychological, economic, and information safety should be considered.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>a. Physical Safety</title>
          <p>To ensure the physical integrity of healthcare professionals who return to their activities is one of the major goals of implementing safety measures. In addition to the continuous training of the whole team, the daily application of the Screening Questionnaire of Symptoms and Exposures to all professionals and the tracing of contacts of confirmed cases, as well as the PPE provision and its rational and systematic use, are essential.</p>
          <sec>
            <title>Selection of the Team Upon Return to Work</title>
            <p>Services will reopen gradually, thus it is important to start with healthcare professionals at lower risk and to consider adjusting the risk to the workplace the professional is assigned to.</p>
            <p>Evidence suggests that younger professionals without risk factors be prioritized to &#8216;close-contact&#8217; and &#8216;invasive contact of airways&#8217; environments, where the occupational risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection is higher. On the other hand, older or middle-aged professionals with risk factors should be assigned to provide remote healthcare and/or maintain strict physical distancing. The other cases should follow <xref ref-type="table" rid="t24">Table 12</xref>.</p>
            <table-wrap id="t24">
              <label>Table 12</label>
              <caption>
                <title>Classification of the priorities to consider for the healthcare personnel return</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
                <colgroup width="25%">
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left" valign="middle"/>
                    <th align="center" valign="middle">Young, no risk factor</th>
                    <th align="center" valign="middle">Middle-aged or young with risk factor<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN21">*</xref></th>
                    <th align="center" valign="middle">Elderly or middle-aged with risk factor<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN21">*</xref></th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left" valign="middle">Invasive contact of airways</td>
                    <td align="center" valign="middle">1</td>
                    <td align="center" valign="middle">2</td>
                    <td align="center" valign="middle">3</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left" valign="middle">Close contact</td>
                    <td align="center" valign="middle">1</td>
                    <td align="center" valign="middle">2</td>
                    <td align="center" valign="middle">3</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left" valign="middle">Moderate contact</td>
                    <td align="center" valign="middle">1</td>
                    <td align="center" valign="middle">2</td>
                    <td align="center" valign="middle">2</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="left" valign="middle">No contact / Remote</td>
                    <td align="center" valign="middle">1</td>
                    <td align="center" valign="middle">1</td>
                    <td align="center" valign="middle">1</td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN20">
                  <p>Priority 1 &#8211; Return immediately</p>
                  <p>Priority 2 &#8211; Return after all priority 1 healthcare professionals</p>
                  <p>Priority 3 &#8211; Do not return, unless extremely necessary</p>
                </fn>
                <fn id="TFN21">
                  <label>*</label>
                  <p>The risk factors are listed in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t16">Table 4</xref></p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Measures for Transmission Control and Isolation of Suspected Cases</title>
            <p>Healthcare professionals who present suggestive symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection must be immediately excluded from the workplace. Then, their contacts in the 4 days preceding symptom onset should be traced. Once identified, these contacts should be monitored, instructed to quarantine for 10 days from the last contact, and, when available, undergo nasopharyngeal swab collection for RT-PCR testing.</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Criteria for Healthcare Personnel Returning to Work after COVID-19</title>
            <sec>
              <title>&#8226; Suspected cases</title>
              <p>The healthcare professional with suspected COVID-19 (negative RT-PCR or not performed) can return to work after meeting <underline>both</underline> criteria:</p>
              <p>1. At least 3 days (72 hours) have passed since clinical recovery, defined as:</p>
              <list list-type="simple">
                <list-item>
                  <label>-</label>
                  <p>Resolution of fever without the use of fever-reducing medication.</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <label>-</label>
                  <p>Improvement in respiratory symptoms (cough, shortness of breath) AND</p>
                </list-item>
              </list>
              <p>2. At least 10 days have passed since symptoms first appeared.</p>
            </sec>
            <sec>
              <title>&#8226; Confirmed cases</title>
              <list list-type="simple">
                <list-item>
                  <label>&#9702;</label>
                  <p>
                    <italic>Symptomatic cases</italic>
                  </p>
                </list-item>
              </list>
              <p>The healthcare professional with confirmed COVID-19 (positive RT-PCR) can return to work after meeting <underline>both</underline> criteria:</p>
              <p>1. At least 3 days (72 hours) have passed since clinical recovery, defined as:</p>
              <list list-type="simple">
                <list-item>
                  <label>-</label>
                  <p>Resolution of fever without the use of fever-reducing medication.</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <label>-</label>
                  <p>Improvement in respiratory symptoms (cough, shortness of breath) AND</p>
                </list-item>
              </list>
              <p>2. At least 10 days have passed since symptoms first appeared.</p>
              <list list-type="simple">
                <list-item>
                  <label>&#9702;</label>
                  <p>
                    <italic>Asymptomatic cases</italic>
                  </p>
                </list-item>
              </list>
              <p>The lack of symptoms prevents these individuals from being assessed based on the phase of disease. Thus, if there is confirmation by a positive RT-PCR test in an asymptomatic patient, the criterion for discontinuing quarantine is:</p>
              <list list-type="simple">
                <list-item>
                  <label>&#10146;</label>
                  <p>At least 10 days have passed since the date of their first positive RT-PCR test.</p>
                </list-item>
              </list>
              <p>For asymptomatic patients confirmed by use of serological tests, there is no clear guidance on their return to work after a positive test. However, considering the workplace safety, the safest strategy should be observed. Thus, we suggest:</p>
              <list list-type="simple">
                <list-item>
                  <label>&#10146;</label>
                  <p>For reagent IgM or IgA serology or reagent IgG/IgM &#8211; return 10 days after the test.</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <label>&#10146;</label>
                  <p>For reagent IgG serology &#8211; no physical distancing is required.</p>
                </list-item>
              </list>
              <p>An infection control expert should be consulted to advise on the return to work of individuals who might remain infectious longer than 10 days (immunocompromised conditions).</p>
            </sec>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Medical Residency and Specialization</title>
            <p>Interns are an important part of the cardiology programs and services in Brazil. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many of them have been transferred from their imaging internship to the clinical healthcare of patients with COVID-19 at hospitals and intensive care units.</p>
            <p>Upon return to their previous activities, beginners should be assigned to sectors where their inexperience does not increase the team&#8217;s exposure. Education needs to be reviewed, in the search for new learning methods, including learning approaches based on videoconferences and remote training.</p>
          </sec>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>b. Legal Safety</title>
          <p>Hospitalized patients should sign the informed consent, which should preferably state their awareness about the procedure being performed during the COVID-19 pandemic, with risks inherent in the procedure and the exceptional time. In addition, the daily application of the Screening Questionnaire of Symptoms and Exposures to healthcare professionals and patients should be documented and stored, in case of future need, as should be the written documents about the precautionary measures against transmission used by the healthcare team.</p>
          <sec>
            <title>Healthcare Professionals in Hazardous Settings</title>
            <p>As previously mentioned in the section <italic>Selection of the team upon return to work</italic>, some professionals will not resume work immediately. In such cases of absence from work (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t18">Tables 6</xref> and <xref ref-type="table" rid="t24">12</xref>) or during their symptomatic period, isolation and rehabilitation due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, a supportive network between experts is necessary for the possible immediate referral of patients under their care.</p>
          </sec>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>c. Psychological Safety</title>
          <p>As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, strategies to psychologically support healthcare professionals, mainly those more susceptible to emotional distress, are necessary. The psychological support can include counseling and the development of supportive systems among coworkers. The following are part of the plan:<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27"><sup>27</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28"><sup>28</sup></xref></p>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>Monitor constantly the team&#8217;s wellbeing, especially when prolonged shifts are required or when they are relocated to unknown areas.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Facilitate access to mental health and psychosocial support services.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Maintain active search for professionals with psychological impairment and in burnout situations.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Demand periodic feedback from collaborators.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Provide updated accurate information to all collaborators.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Rotate workers from higher physical/emotional stress to lower stress areas and functions.</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>d. Economic Safety</title>
          <p>Currently, the increasing costs with the healthcare to patients with COVID-19, compounded by the reduced income, constitute a financial burden to health organizations both in the public and private sectors. The steering committee must keep the financial planning constantly updated, negotiating public transfers in the Brazilian Unified Health System setting, which is even more overloaded in this COVID-19 pandemic, and insuring according to the revenue forecast in the supplementary health setting. Emphasis should be given to the increase in costs associated with the environmental adjustments, PPE use, and reduction in the capacity of care delivery to ensure patients&#8217; physical distancing during their stay in healthcare services.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>e. Information Safety</title>
          <p>The fight against fake news and the provision of a proper health literature to inform patients are missions of the cardiologist and a multidisciplinary team. The SBC has issued technical reports to guide cardiologists and patients. The World Health Organization and government agencies have shown concern about the &#8220;infodemic&#8221; (with the spread of fake news) and its impacts on the patients&#8217; physical and psychological health.</p>
          <p>The healthcare team has the responsibility to be updated and provide patients with clear and objective information based on safe sources to prevent the spread of incorrect, incomplete, misunderstood, or fake information.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p><bold>Note:</bold> These statements are for information purposes and are not to replace the clinical judgment of a physician, who must ultimately determine the appropriate treatment for each patient.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <app-group>
        <app id="app2">
          <title>11. Appendix A</title>
          <p>Screening Questionnaire of Symptoms and Exposures to be applied before elective interventional procedures</p>
          <p>
            <bold>Questionnaire of symptoms:</bold>
          </p>
          <p>
            <bold>In the last 14 days did you have any of the following symptoms?</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Major symptoms (only 1 is enough to raise suspicion):</p>
          <list list-type="simple">
            <list-item>
              <label>&#9633;</label>
              <p>Fever</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <label>&#9633;</label>
              <p>Cough</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <label>&#9633;</label>
              <p>Shortness of breath</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <label>&#9633;</label>
              <p>Mental confusion</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <label>&#9633;</label>
              <p>Loss of taste or smell</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
          <p>Minor symptoms (at least 2 are required to raise suspicion):</p>
          <list list-type="simple">
            <list-item>
              <label>&#9633;</label>
              <p>Fatigue/tiredness</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <label>&#9633;</label>
              <p>Diarrhea</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <label>&#9633;</label>
              <p>Runny nose</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <label>&#9633;</label>
              <p>Nausea and/or vomiting</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <label>&#9633;</label>
              <p>Sore throat</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <label>&#9633;</label>
              <p>Headache</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <label>&#9633;</label>
              <p>Conjunctivitis</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <label>&#9633;</label>
              <p>Other:_________________________</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
          <p>
            <bold>Questionnaire of Exposure:</bold>
          </p>
          <p>1. In the last 14 days did you have contact, for more than 15 minutes and closer than 2.0 m, with an individual diagnosed with COVID-19 or identified by the doctor as a case of suspected COVID-19?</p>
          <p>&#9633; Yes &#9633; No</p>
          <p>2. In the last 14 days were you admitted to any health service?</p>
          <p>&#9633; Yes &#9633; No</p>
          <p>3. If healthcare professional: Have you contacted patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 without wearing PPE?</p>
          <p>&#9633; Yes &#9633; No</p>
        </app>
      </app-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
