<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "http://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" article-type="letter" xml:lang="pt">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">ssCnt8NyYHVDSmSQ5H7N9vR</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2020001200712</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20200704</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20200704</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta Cient&#237;fica</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Seguran&#231;a dos Procedimentos da Cardiologia Intervencionista na S&#237;ndrome Coronariana Cr&#244;nica durante a Pandemia de COVID-19</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3230-7683</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ferreira</surname>
            <given-names>Esmeralci</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alves</surname>
            <given-names>Thales Siqueira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2501-302X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Mourilhe-Rocha</surname>
            <given-names>Ricardo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2330-0519</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Lacerda</surname>
            <given-names>Ana Luiza Iannarella</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8692-1115</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Albuquerque</surname>
            <given-names>Felipe Neves</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9891-676X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Spineti</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro Pimenta de Mello</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Setta</surname>
            <given-names>Daniel Xavier de Brito</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Esporcatte</surname>
            <given-names>Roberto</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1883-6546</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Albuquerque</surname>
            <given-names>Denilson Campos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Esmeralci Ferreira</bold> &#8226; UERJ - Departamento das Doen&#231;as do T&#243;rax - Avenida 28 de setembro. CEP <postal-code>20550-900</postal-code>, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brasil. E-mail: <email>esmeralci@gmail.com</email></corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Ferreira E, Mourilhe-Rocha R, Esporcatte R, Albuquerque DC; Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Ferreira E, Alves TS, Lacerda ALI; An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Ferreira E, Alves TS, Mourilhe-Rocha R, Albuquerque FN, Spineti PPM, Setta DXB, Esporcatte R, Albuquerque DC; An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica: Ferreira E, Mourilhe-Rocha R, Spineti PPM; Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Ferreira E, Alves TS, Mourilhe-Rocha R, Albuquerque FN, Spineti PPM, Setta DXB, Esporcatte R, Albuquerque DC; Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Ferreira E, Mourilhe-Rocha R.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesses</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>23</day>
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>115</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>712</fpage>
      <lpage>716</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>25</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>01</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>01</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2020</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Pandemia</kwd>
        <kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd>
        <kwd>Betacoronav&#237;rus</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a da Art&#233;ria Coronariana/mortalidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Interven&#231;&#227;o Coron&#225;ria Percut&#226;nea</kwd>
        <kwd>Perfil de Sa&#250;de</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="2"/>
        <table-count count="4"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="15"/>
        <page-count count="5"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A doen&#231;a cardiovascular (DCV) &#233; a principal causa de mortalidade no Brasil e no mundo, o que implica aumento de morbidade, com seus fatores de risco bem definidos. A doen&#231;a coronariana aguda tem as indica&#231;&#245;es de tratamentos intervencionistas muito bem estabelecidas, e nas s&#237;ndromes coronarianas cr&#244;nicas (SCC), as indica&#231;&#245;es de interven&#231;&#227;o s&#227;o pautadas no grau de isquemia e na sintomatologia dos pacientes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref> No entanto, a pandemia de COVID-19 causada pelo novo Coronav&#237;rus, muta&#231;&#227;o do v&#237;rus que provoca a s&#237;ndrome respirat&#243;ria aguda grave (SARS-CoV-2), mudou de forma radical as indica&#231;&#245;es de procedimentos intervencionistas, independentemente da apresenta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref></p>
    <p>A ampla transmiss&#227;o comunit&#225;ria, o grave acometimento e a complexidade da doen&#231;a resultam em uma taxa de mortalidade que pode chegar a 12% nos grupos de risco, principalmente portadores de DVC.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref> Por isso, a COVID-19 desencadeou uma mudan&#231;a de paradigma nos atendimentos cardiol&#243;gicos em todo o mundo, principalmente nos ambientes da cardiologia intervencionista.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref></p>
    <p>Nas s&#237;ndromes coronarianas agudas (SCA) houve uma expressiva redu&#231;&#227;o da procura dos pacientes pelas salas de emerg&#234;ncia, talvez por medo da infec&#231;&#227;o ou mesmo por estarem menos sintom&#225;ticos no per&#237;odo de confinamento. Retardos no sistema de regula&#231;&#227;o dos servi&#231;os p&#250;blicos tamb&#233;m ocorreram, certamente provocados por sobrecarga na interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> Por outro lado, os setores de cardiologia intervencionista restringiram os atendimentos a esses pacientes, e novas rotinas foram criadas para realiza&#231;&#227;o de interven&#231;&#245;es, apenas em situa&#231;&#245;es de maior gravidade, com verdadeira desmobiliza&#231;&#227;o nos protocolos de dor tor&#225;cica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> Por exemplo, muitos hospitais terci&#225;rios preconizaram a indica&#231;&#227;o de tromb&#243;lise, em vez de angioplastia prim&#225;ria, e outros realizaram procedimentos intervencionistas apenas mediante testes r&#225;pidos para excluir a possibilidade de infec&#231;&#227;o pelo SARS-CoV-2. Todas essas a&#231;&#245;es foram respaldadas ou orientadas pelas sociedades de cardiologia intervencionista do mundo inteiro.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref></p>
    <p>Nas SCC, os exames de diagn&#243;stico invasivo foram literalmente suspensos para pacientes eletivos, sem previs&#227;o de agendamento. Isso ocorreu no Sistema &#218;nico de Sa&#250;de (SUS), cuja suspens&#227;o das consultas eletivas tamb&#233;m impactou de forma indireta na redu&#231;&#227;o dos procedimentos. No sistema suplementar de sa&#250;de, as senhas de autoriza&#231;&#227;o foram suspensas por diversas seguradoras.</p>
    <p>Admitir que pacientes com SCC apresentem menor gravidade n&#227;o condiz com os dados observados em literatura, os quais demonstram incid&#234;ncia de les&#245;es obstrutivas significativas em mais de 50% dos casos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref> Em contrapartida, n&#227;o h&#225; dados de literatura sugerindo a realiza&#231;&#227;o de procedimentos de interven&#231;&#227;o em indiv&#237;duos est&#225;veis durante a pandemia. Partindo da premissa de que, nas SCC, os procedimentos n&#227;o devem ser adiados, uma vez que os pacientes s&#227;o potencialmente portadores de coronariopatia grave, foi organizada uma coorte de pacientes para efetiva orienta&#231;&#227;o por meio de consultas. Independentemente da fase de afastamento social imposta pela pandemia, os procedimentos foram realizados da forma mais segura poss&#237;vel. O objetivo principal foi avaliar, em uma popula&#231;&#227;o inicial de 105 pacientes do SUS com SCC, se havia seguran&#231;a em rela&#231;&#227;o ao risco de infec&#231;&#227;o pelo SARS-CoV-2 na realiza&#231;&#227;o de coronariografia com ou sem interven&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria percut&#226;nea (ICP). Foram analisados: perfil cl&#237;nico, resultado angiogr&#225;fico, necessidade de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o, mortalidade e ocorr&#234;ncia ou n&#227;o de suspens&#227;o de exames devido a diagn&#243;stico ou suspei&#231;&#227;o da infec&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>M&#233;todos</title>
      <p>Neste estudo prospectivo realizado durante a pandemia de COVID-19, foram avaliados 105 pacientes do SUS com SCC por meio de coronariografia eletiva, atendidos em um hospital universit&#225;rio entre mar&#231;o e maio de 2020. Quatro deles foram exclu&#237;dos por n&#227;o comparecerem ao exame na data agendada. Todos foram avaliados previamente em consulta m&#233;dica com um cardiologista, havendo inclus&#227;o de dados do perfil cl&#237;nico de cada um. Durante a consulta e assinatura do termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido, os pacientes foram orientados a fazer isolamento social, o que foi entendido por todos. Os procedimentos foram realizados de forma segura com equipamentos de prote&#231;&#227;o individual (EPI) tanto para as equipes quanto para os pacientes. As condutas foram tomadas com base nas les&#245;es coronarianas.</p>
      <p>Foram consideradas graves aquelas acima de 70% do l&#250;men, em vasos epic&#225;rdicos e acima de 50% em tronco de coron&#225;ria esquerda (TCE). As les&#245;es foram avaliadas por dois ou mais observadores experientes. A avalia&#231;&#227;o da sintomatologia cl&#237;nica para a presen&#231;a de COVID-19 foi feita durante a consulta, no per&#237;odo hospitalar e ap&#243;s 15 dias de qualquer presen&#231;a no hospital. A orienta&#231;&#227;o para realiza&#231;&#227;o de teste foi programada apenas em caso de suspei&#231;&#227;o da doen&#231;a. O estudo foi aprovado pelo comit&#234; de &#233;tica e pesquisa da institui&#231;&#227;o (CAAE 31784420.7.0000.5259. N&#250;mero do Parecer: 4.035.853)</p>
      <sec>
        <title>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
        <p>Os dados foram analisados por meio do software da IBM SPSS, vers&#227;o 25.0. As vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas foram descritas com base em sua m&#233;dia e em seu desvio-padr&#227;o; e as vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas, de acordo com esse n&#250;mero absoluto em percentual.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Resultados</title>
      <p>Entre mar&#231;o e maio de 2020, 194 consultas ambulatoriais pr&#233;-cateterismo foram realizadas, e 105 pacientes tiveram seus exames agendados. Dois deles (1,03%) apresentaram s&#237;ndrome gripal na data marcada e, por isso, foram orientados a manter isolamento domiciliar por 15 dias e procurar hospital em caso de piora. Ambos faltaram na data do exame; logo, n&#227;o se obteve informa&#231;&#227;o posterior sobre a evolu&#231;&#227;o dos mesmos. Outros dois pacientes faltaram ao exame e n&#227;o houve mais contato. Cento e um pacientes compareceram para realiza&#231;&#227;o do procedimento, mas um deles evoluiu com &#243;bito cardiovascular antes (taquicardia ventricular). Foram considerados 101 indiv&#237;duos analisados, com a realiza&#231;&#227;o de cateterismo associado ou n&#227;o &#224; ICP em 100 pacientes e 15 (14,8%) interna&#231;&#245;es para o procedimento. Ocorreram 11 ICP e tr&#234;s cirurgias de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio (CRVM). A m&#233;dia de idade foi 61,88 &#177; 10,3 anos, e 51,5% eram homens. Dentre os fatores de risco para doen&#231;a arterial coronariana (DAC), a hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica (HAS), o diabetes melito (DM) e a dislipidemia (DLP) foram os mais prevalentes (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref>).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t1">
        <label>Tabela 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Caracter&#237;sticas gerais da popula&#231;&#227;o avaliada</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
          <colgroup width="49%">
            <col width="1%"/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr>
              <th align="left" valign="middle">Caracter&#237;sticas de base</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle"/>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">Pacientes analisados (n = 101)</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Idade (anos)</td>
              <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">61,88 &#177; 10,3</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Masculino</td>
              <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">52 (51,5)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Feminino</td>
              <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">49 (48,5)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Tabagismo</td>
              <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">19 (18,8)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Hipertenso</td>
              <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">89 (88,1)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Diabetes melito</td>
              <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">41 (40,6)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Dislipidemia</td>
              <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">31 (30,7)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">IAM pr&#233;vio</td>
              <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">31 (30,7)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">CAT pr&#233;vio</td>
              <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">8 (7,9)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">CRVM pr&#233;via</td>
              <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">7 (6,9)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Apresenta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica</td>
              <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
              <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">AE</td>
              <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">101(100)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">TNI</td>
              <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
              <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Realizados</td>
              <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">37 (37)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">DAC obst.</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">19 51,4</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">Sem DAC obst.</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">18 48,6</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">N&#227;o realizados</td>
              <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">63 (63)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">DAC obst.</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">35 (55,6)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">Sem DAC obst.</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">28(44,4)</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN1">
            <p>Valores demonstrados em n (%). IAM: infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio; CAT: cateterismo coronariano; CRVM: cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio; AE: angina est&#225;vel; TNI: teste n&#227;o invasivo; DAC: doen&#231;a arterial coronariana; Obst.: obstrutiva.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>A preval&#234;ncia de DAC obstrutiva foi encontrada em 54%, sendo que 22% apresentavam acometimento trivascular, com envolvimento de 8% no TCE e 35% na art&#233;ria descendente anterior (ADA) (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Tabela 2</xref>). Nos pacientes com envolvimento de TCE, 87,5% estavam associados &#224; DAC multiarterial, e somente um paciente apresentou estenose isolada em corpo de TCE (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1</xref>). Dentre os homens, 66,6% apresentaram DAC obstrutiva e 40,8% entre as mulheres. A DAC ocorreu em 63% dos pacientes com idade superior a 60 anos. A via radial foi utilizada em 97% dos casos. ICP ou CRVM de urg&#234;ncia foi feita em 14% dos pacientes com DAC obstrutiva. Dentre as ICP realizadas, 70% trataram apenas um vaso.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t2">
        <label>Tabela 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Caracter&#237;sticas angiogr&#225;ficas e condutas</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
          <colgroup width="49%">
            <col width="1%"/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr>
              <th align="left" valign="top">Caracter&#237;sticas angiogr&#225;ficas</th>
              <th align="left" valign="top"/>
              <th align="center" valign="top">Procedimentos (n = 100)</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">CAT</td>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top">89</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">CAT e ICP</td>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top">11</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top">Ad hoc</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">4 (36,4%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top">Urgente</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">7 (63,6%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">CRVM</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top">3</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">&#211;bito</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top">1</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top">Uniarterial</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">20</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top">Biarterial</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">12</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top">Triarterial</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">22</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">
                <bold>Localiza&#231;&#227;o das les&#245;es nas art&#233;rias</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top">TCE</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">8</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top">DA</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">35</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top">CX</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">32</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top">CD</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">32</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">
                <bold>Vias de acesso</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top">Radial</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">97</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="center" valign="top">Femoral</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">3</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN2">
            <p>CAT: cateterismo coronariano; ICP: interven&#231;&#227;o coronariana percut&#226;nea; CRVM: cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio; TCE: tronco de coron&#225;ria esquerda; DA: descendente anterior; CX: circunflexa; CD: coron&#225;ria direita.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <fig id="f1">
        <label>Figura 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Coronariografia em duas proje&#231;&#245;es mostrando les&#227;o de 75% no tronco da coron&#225;ria esquerda (TCE) e p&#243;s-implante de stent farmacol&#243;gico de 4,0 x 12 mm no TCE.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-115-04-0712-00704-gf01.tif"/></fig>
      <p>Entre os oito examinadores e membros da equipe, nenhum apresentou suspeita/confirma&#231;&#227;o de COVID-19 durante o per&#237;odo do estudo, e nenhum dos pacientes internados mostrou sintomas cl&#237;nicos de COVID-19 durante a interna&#231;&#227;o. Todos os que realizaram procedimentos se mantiveram em isolamento conforme orienta&#231;&#227;o pr&#233;via. Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224;queles que fizeram o procedimento, nenhum apresentou s&#237;ndrome gripal nos 15 dias posteriores ao exame.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <p>Este estudo preliminar mostrou seguran&#231;a para pacientes e equipe na realiza&#231;&#227;o de exames eletivos, mesmo durante a pandemia. No entanto, n&#227;o h&#225; dados comparativos, pois n&#227;o existem dados na literatura avaliando esse tipo de popula&#231;&#227;o. Analisando todos os pacientes dessa casu&#237;stica, foi observado que, a despeito do quadro de SCC, um percentual significativo (14,8% dos pacientes) apresentou eventos graves, com um &#243;bito, 14 indica&#231;&#245;es a interna&#231;&#227;o para revasculariza&#231;&#227;o imediata (<italic>ad hoc</italic>) ou dentro da primeira semana ap&#243;s o procedimento, sendo tr&#234;s com encaminhamento para cirurgia. A m&#233;dia de idade de 61,8 anos e a maior incid&#234;ncia de hipertens&#227;o e diabetes melito foram semelhantes aos dados de outros estudos em pacientes submetidos a coronariografia.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref></p>
      <p>A taxa de exames normais (46%) foi dentro daquela encontrada na literatura, conforme estudo de Costa et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref> o qual avaliou uma coorte de 1.844 pacientes submetidos &#224; coronariografia. Os autores tamb&#233;m enfatizaram um percentual significativo (52,9%) de DAC grave nas SCC.</p>
      <p>Sant&#8217;Anna et al. relataram 45% de coron&#225;rias normais em uma avalia&#231;&#227;o de 503 pacientes, mas a preval&#234;ncia era em popula&#231;&#227;o constitu&#237;da de pacientes jovens, do sexo feminino e n&#227;o tabagistas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref> J&#225; um estudo americano<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref> com 1.989.779 exames encontrou uma preval&#234;ncia de DAC moderada/grave de 41,0% em pacientes com SCC. Analisando indiv&#237;duos com DAC obstrutiva, 26% tiveram necessidade de interven&#231;&#227;o de urg&#234;ncia devido &#224; gravidade das les&#245;es.</p>
      <p>Apesar de ter ocorrido um &#243;bito antes do exame, a presen&#231;a de les&#227;o de tronco em apenas 8% dos pacientes e de envolvimento triarterial em 22% em rela&#231;&#227;o a indiv&#237;duos est&#225;veis superou as expectativas. A gravidade das les&#245;es de TCE tamb&#233;m n&#227;o correspondeu ao que se costuma encontrar em pessoas com SCC, com somente um paciente tratado de forma urgente, por via percut&#226;nea (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1</xref>). Cerca de 74% dos pacientes com indica&#231;&#227;o de CRVM ou ICP foram orientados para que seus procedimentos fossem agendados de forma eletiva. Dentre aqueles com DAC obstrutiva (54%), somente 26% (14) j&#225; realizaram procedimento de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o, e 74% (40) estavam com anatomia coronariana obstrutiva conhecida aguardando procedimento.</p>
      <p>Nas SCA, as orienta&#231;&#245;es para atendimento durante a pandemia s&#227;o mais bem estabelecidas, inclusive com respaldo de v&#225;rias sociedades de cardiologia, sempre respeitando o equil&#237;brio entre a exposi&#231;&#227;o da equipe e o benef&#237;cio do paciente.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref> No infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio com supradesn&#237;vel do segmento ST (IAMCSST) em pacientes com COVID-19 ativo, a fibrin&#243;lise pode ser considerada uma op&#231;&#227;o em indiv&#237;duos relativamente est&#225;veis.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> Nos inst&#225;veis ou com potencial deteriora&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica, a ICP prim&#225;ria (ICPP) deve ser realizada.</p>
      <p>Em um estudo multic&#234;ntrico nacional desenvolvido na It&#225;lia, envolvendo 54 hospitais durante o per&#237;odo de uma semana comparativa, entre os anos de 2019 e 2020, houve uma redu&#231;&#227;o significativa de 48,4% (319 x 618, p &lt; 0,001) na quantidade de infartos; entretanto, o n&#250;mero de casos fatais aumentou para 13,7%, comparados aos 4,1% previamente registrados em 2019 (RR = 3,3; 95% IC 1,7 a 6,6; p &lt; 0,001).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref> O registro de Nova Iorque (EUA) tamb&#233;m evidenciou aumento de mortalidade em domic&#237;lios cerca de 8 a 10 vezes em rela&#231;&#227;o ao mesmo per&#237;odo em anos anteriores.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref> Esses resultados est&#227;o alinhados com o registro espanhol,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref> que mostra redu&#231;&#227;o de 40% dos casos de IAMCSST, e em diferentes estados norte-americanos cuja redu&#231;&#227;o nas interna&#231;&#245;es variou entre 38 e 48%.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref></p>
      <p>No infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio sem supradesn&#237;vel do segmento ST (IAMSSST), os relatos tamb&#233;m apontam para uma diminui&#231;&#227;o acentuada no n&#250;mero das interna&#231;&#245;es semanais, como avaliado no estudo italiano, sendo de 350 para 122 (65,4% de redu&#231;&#227;o; 95% IC 60,3 a 70,3; p &lt; 0,001).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref> A recomenda&#231;&#227;o mais aceita no IAMSSST &#233; que, se houver possibilidade, a realiza&#231;&#227;o de testes para COVID-19 antes do cateterismo card&#237;aco &#233; uma boa alternativa, sendo que pacientes mais graves dever&#227;o ser submetidos &#224; interven&#231;&#227;o precocemente.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref></p>
      <p>Nas SCC, as recomenda&#231;&#245;es de interven&#231;&#245;es s&#227;o menos consistentes e consideram de forma superficial que as condutas devam ser individualizadas e indicadas apenas em pacientes de alto risco.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> Welt et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> preconizam a redu&#231;&#227;o do n&#250;mero de procedimentos, com adiamento de casos eletivos e divis&#227;o da equipe em turnos para rod&#237;zio de profissionais, com &#234;nfase na redu&#231;&#227;o do risco de contamina&#231;&#227;o da equipe.</p>
      <p>Essas medidas restritivas relacionadas aos pacientes est&#225;veis proporcionaram uma zona de conforto em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; redu&#231;&#227;o da propaga&#231;&#227;o da COVID-19; entretanto, de maneira objetiva, observou-se que a aten&#231;&#227;o &#224; doen&#231;a coronariana n&#227;o estava contemplada no que se refere &#224;s boas pr&#225;ticas previamente estabelecidas antes da pandemia.</p>
      <p>Em nosso meio, a pandemia alterou de maneira contundente o atendimento m&#233;dico em diversas especialidades, com suspens&#227;o de procedimentos e consultas eletivas. A maioria da classe m&#233;dica orientou, tanto a pacientes oriundos do sistema de sa&#250;de suplementar quanto aos usu&#225;rios do SUS, a protelarem seus procedimentos eletivos e a recorrerem &#224;s salas de emerg&#234;ncia em casos de sintomas intensos de precordialgia, dispneia etc. Essa orienta&#231;&#227;o, sem d&#250;vida, protege do novo Coronav&#237;rus (SARS-CoV-2) os indiv&#237;duos que se mantiverem assintom&#225;ticos ou oligossintom&#225;ticos, mas exp&#245;e &#224; infec&#231;&#227;o aqueles que, em casos de necessidade premente, necessitem do atendimento. Por outro lado, indiv&#237;duos que n&#227;o julguem sua sintomatologia t&#227;o intensa ou que sejam mais tolerantes &#224; dor podem ser acometidos de uma reflex&#227;o temer&#225;ria. Nesses casos, o adiamento da procura por socorro pode ter consequ&#234;ncias graves, inclusive a de morte card&#237;aca domiciliar.</p>
      <p>A resolu&#231;&#227;o n&#186; 2004, de 18/03/2020, da Secretaria Estadual de Sa&#250;de do Rio de Janeiro (SES-RJ)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref> suspendeu os atendimentos ambulatoriais eletivos nas unidades p&#250;blicas; por&#233;m, de maneira acertada, manteve os atendimentos ambulatoriais essenciais, incluindo os de oncologia e cardiologia. Mesmo assim, o acesso dos pacientes foi afetado, e a resolu&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o foi acatada de forma ampla. Via de regra, os pacientes do SUS s&#227;o mais graves e com mais fatores de riscos. Nestes, h&#225; grandes dificuldades em descobrir quem realmente &#233; est&#225;vel do ponto de vista global e quem pode ser acometido por uma agudiza&#231;&#227;o do quadro, com necessidade de interna&#231;&#227;o. Por isso, parece razo&#225;vel preservar a capacidade dos leitos hospitalares, evitando procedimentos eletivos desnecess&#225;rios em pacientes est&#225;veis, com comorbidades significativas ou nos quais o tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o p&#243;s-interven&#231;&#227;o seja superior a 24 a 48 horas. N&#227;o obstante, a despeito do alinhamento com a maioria das medidas protetivas para pacientes e equipe, ressalta-se que, em pacientes com SCC, existe a possibilidade de realiza&#231;&#227;o dos procedimentos e da quebra cautelosa nas medidas restritivas, sem riscos adicionais de exposi&#231;&#227;o ao v&#237;rus.</p>
      <p>Na s&#233;rie de casos apresentada, a busca ativa foi feita procurando selecionar os sintom&#225;ticos, isqu&#234;micos e com m&#250;ltiplos fatores de risco, evitando, assim, que eles procurassem qualquer tipo de consulta ou ida a um hospital de emerg&#234;ncia. Entende-se que essa a&#231;&#227;o r&#225;pida no diagn&#243;stico e tratamento de tais pacientes foi uma medida que evitou um desfecho mais grave em termos de eventos coronarianos. Por outro lado, os cuidados r&#237;gidos e as orienta&#231;&#245;es que ocorreram desde a consulta, bem como o refor&#231;o de isolamento, as rotinas no procedimento e a tentativa de reduzir ao m&#225;ximo o tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o minimizou os riscos de infec&#231;&#227;o pelo novo Coronav&#237;rus. Na crise da sa&#250;de desencadeada pela COVID-19, n&#227;o houve orienta&#231;&#245;es objetivas sobre a realiza&#231;&#227;o dos procedimentos em pacientes est&#225;veis, exatamente em fun&#231;&#227;o de suspens&#227;o ou adiamento dos mesmos. Na experi&#234;ncia &#8220;de mundo real&#8221;, o atendimento dos pacientes com suspeita de DAC por meio de uma avalia&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica e do conhecimento r&#225;pido da anatomia coronariana deve ser feito antes de uma poss&#237;vel instabilidade cl&#237;nica. Isso porque, nessa popula&#231;&#227;o, demonstra-se de forma clara que o risco de eventos card&#237;acos aos quais est&#227;o suscet&#237;veis &#233; muito maior do que a possibilidade de apresentar complica&#231;&#245;es da doen&#231;a causada pelo v&#237;rus.</p>
      <p>Embora n&#227;o seja determinado que essa seja efetivamente a melhor conduta, os dados sugerem uma reflex&#227;o para que os atendimentos nos laborat&#243;rios de hemodin&#226;mica, nesta fase de pandemia, sejam reavaliados e n&#227;o sejam suspensos ou adiados de forma sistem&#225;tica.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Limita&#231;&#245;es</title>
      <p>As principais limita&#231;&#245;es s&#227;o o n&#250;mero pequeno de pacientes, as vari&#225;veis de baixa preval&#234;ncia que necessitam de amostras muito maiores e o car&#225;ter unic&#234;ntrico do estudo. Al&#233;m disso, por orienta&#231;&#227;o da Comiss&#227;o de Controle de Infec&#231;&#227;o Hospitalar, n&#227;o foram realizados testes para COVID-19 em nenhum dos pacientes e na equipe, pois todos estavam assintom&#225;ticos no momento do procedimento e permaneceram assim por no m&#237;nimo 15 dias. Apesar das limita&#231;&#245;es, as observa&#231;&#245;es podem servir de est&#237;mulo para que outros servi&#231;os desenvolvam an&#225;lises multic&#234;ntricas mais robustas estatisticamente.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclus&#245;es</title>
      <p>Nosso ponto de vista &#233; pautado neste estudo, no qual a realiza&#231;&#227;o dos exames eletivos em indiv&#237;duos com doen&#231;a coronariana cr&#244;nica foi segura para pacientes e profissionais, mesmo durante a pandemia, sendo um contraponto &#224; maioria das recomenda&#231;&#245;es de outros servi&#231;os. O estudo possibilitou demonstrar que a avalia&#231;&#227;o angiogr&#225;fica anat&#244;mica revelou pacientes de alto risco de morbimortalidade, com necessidade de interven&#231;&#245;es naqueles com les&#245;es complexas. Isso contribuiu para reduzir o n&#250;mero de s&#237;ndromes coronarianas agudas nessa popula&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by" id="fn1">
        <p>
          <bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>
        </p>
        <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
        <p>
          <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
        </p>
        <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <ref-list>
      <title>Refer&#234;ncias</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="webpage">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <collab>Brasil</collab>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de [Internet]. DATASUS. Informa&#231;&#245;es e Sa&#250;de. Produ&#231;&#227;o Ambulatorial do SUS por local de atendimento &#8211; Brasil</article-title>
          <source>Procedimento: Cateterismo card&#237;aco &#8211; 2015</source>
          <date-in-citation content-type="access-date">[acesso em 1 maio 2016]</date-in-citation>
          <comment>Dispon&#237;vel em: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://tabnet.datasus.gov.br/cgi/deftohtm.exe?sia/cnv/qauf.def">http://tabnet.datasus.gov.br/cgi/deftohtm.exe?sia/cnv/qauf.def</ext-link></comment>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>1. Brasil.Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de [Internet]. DATASUS. Informa&#231;&#245;es e Sa&#250;de. Produ&#231;&#227;o Ambulatorial do SUS por local de atendimento &#8211; Brasil. Procedimento: Cateterismo card&#237;aco &#8211; 2015. [acesso em 1 maio 2016]. Dispon&#237;vel em: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://tabnet.datasus.gov.br/cgi/deftohtm.exe?sia/cnv/qauf.def">http://tabnet.datasus.gov.br/cgi/deftohtm.exe?sia/cnv/qauf.def</ext-link>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <label>2</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Cesar</surname>
              <given-names>LA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ferreira</surname>
              <given-names>JF</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Armaganijan</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Gowdak</surname>
              <given-names>LH</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mansur</surname>
              <given-names>AP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bodanese</surname>
              <given-names>LC</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Diretriz de doen&#231;a coron&#225;ria est&#225;vel</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2014</year>
          <volume>103</volume>
          <issue>2Supl.2</issue>
          <fpage>1</fpage>
          <lpage>59</lpage>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>2. Cesar LA, Ferreira JF, Armaganijan D, Gowdak LH, Mansur AP, Bodanese LC, et al. Diretriz de doen&#231;a coron&#225;ria est&#225;vel. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2014;103(2Supl.2):1-59.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B3">
        <label>3</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Zhou</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Zhang</surname>
              <given-names>X</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Qu</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a clinical uptade</article-title>
          <source>Front Med</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>14</volume>
          <fpage>126</fpage>
          <lpage>135</lpage>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>3. Zhou M, Zhang X, Qu J. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a clinical uptade. Front Med. 2020;14:126-35.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B4">
        <label>4</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="webpage">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <collab>European Society for Cardiology</collab>
          </person-group>
          <source>ESC guidance for the diagnosis and management of CV disease during the COVID-19 pandemic</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <date-in-citation content-type="access-date">[acesso em 10 Jun. 2020]</date-in-citation>
          <comment>Dispon&#237;vel em: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.escardio.org/static-file/Escardio/Education-General/Topic%20pages/Covid-19/ESC%20Guidance%20Document/ESC-Guidance-COVID-19-Pandemic.pdf">https://www.escardio.org/static-file/Escardio/Education-General/Topic%20pages/Covid-19/ESC%20Guidance%20Document/ESC-Guidance-COVID-19-Pandemic.pdf</ext-link></comment>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>4. European Society for Cardiology. ESC guidance for the diagnosis and management of CV disease during the COVID-19 pandemic; 2020. [acesso em 10 Jun. 2020]. Dispon&#237;vel em: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.escardio.org/static-file/Escardio/Education-General/Topic%20pages/Covid-19/ESC%20Guidance%20Document/ESC-Guidance-COVID-19-Pandemic.pdf">https://www.escardio.org/static-file/Escardio/Education-General/Topic%20pages/Covid-19/ESC%20Guidance%20Document/ESC-Guidance-COVID-19-Pandemic.pdf</ext-link>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B5">
        <label>5</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Han</surname>
              <given-names>Y</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Zeng</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Jiang</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Yang</surname>
              <given-names>Y</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Yuan</surname>
              <given-names>Z</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cheng</surname>
              <given-names>X</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>CSC expert consensus on principles of clinical management of patients with severe emergent cardiovascular diseases during the COVID-19 epidemic</article-title>
          <source>Circulation</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>141</volume>
          <issue>20</issue>
          <fpage>e810</fpage>
          <lpage>e816</lpage>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>5. Han Y, Zeng H, Jiang H, Yang Y, Yuan Z, Cheng X, et al. CSC expert consensus on principles of clinical management of patients with severe emergent cardiovascular diseases during the COVID-19 epidemic. Circulation. 2020;141(20):e810-6.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B6">
        <label>6</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Zeng</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Huang</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pan</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>How to balance acute myocardial infarction and COVID-19: the protocols from Sichuan Provincial People&#8217;s Hospital</article-title>
          <source>Intensive Care Med</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>46</volume>
          <issue>6</issue>
          <fpage>1111</fpage>
          <lpage>1113</lpage>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>6. Zeng J, Huang J, Pan L. How to balance acute myocardial infarction and COVID-19: the protocols from Sichuan Provincial People&#8217;s Hospital. Intensive Care Med. 2020;46(6):1111-3.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B7">
        <label>7</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Falc&#227;o</surname>
              <given-names>BAA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Botelho</surname>
              <given-names>RV</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sarmento-Leite</surname>
              <given-names>REG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Costa</surname>
              <given-names>RA</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Update on SBHCI positioning about COVID-19 pandemic</article-title>
          <source>J Transcat Intervent</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>28</volume>
          <elocation-id>eA202004</elocation-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>7. Falc&#227;o BAA, Botelho RV, Sarmento-Leite REG, Costa RA. Update on SBHCI positioning about COVID-19 pandemic. J Transcat Intervent. 2020;28:eA202004.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B8">
        <label>8</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Welt</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Shah</surname>
              <given-names>PB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Aronow</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bortnick</surname>
              <given-names>AE</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Henry</surname>
              <given-names>TD</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sherwood</surname>
              <given-names>MW</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Catheterization Laboratory Considerations During the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: From ACC&#8217;s Interventional Council and SCAI</article-title>
          <source>J Am Coll Cardiol</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>75</volume>
          <issue>18</issue>
          <fpage>2372</fpage>
          <lpage>2375</lpage>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>8. Welt F, Shah PB, Aronow H, Bortnick AE, Henry TD, Sherwood MW, et al. Catheterization Laboratory Considerations During the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: From ACC&#8217;s Interventional Council and SCAI. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;75(18):2372-5.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B9">
        <label>9</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="book">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Costa</surname>
              <given-names>GBF</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <source>Perfil cl&#237;nico e suas associa&#231;&#245;es com resultados angiogr&#225;ficos de pacientes submetidos &#224; coronariografia em hospital p&#250;blico universit&#225;rio[disserta&#231;&#227;o]</source>
          <publisher-loc>Rio de Janeiro</publisher-loc>
          <publisher-name>Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias M&#233;dicas</publisher-name>
          <year>2019</year>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>9. Costa GBF. Perfil cl&#237;nico e suas associa&#231;&#245;es com resultados angiogr&#225;ficos de pacientes submetidos &#224; coronariografia em hospital p&#250;blico universit&#225;rio[disserta&#231;&#227;o]. Rio de Janeiro: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias M&#233;dicas; 2019.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B10">
        <label>10</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Sant&#8217;Anna</surname>
              <given-names>LB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sant&#8217;Anna</surname>
              <given-names>FM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Couceiro</surname>
              <given-names>SL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>P&#233;rez</surname>
              <given-names>MA</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Cardiac catheterization with normal coronary arteries: prevalence rate and analysis of predictor variables</article-title>
          <source>J Transcat Interven</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>28</volume>
          <elocation-id>eA20190034</elocation-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>10. Sant&#8217;Anna LB, Sant&#8217;Anna FM, Couceiro SL, P&#233;rez MA. Cardiac catheterization with normal coronary arteries: prevalence rate and analysis of predictor variables. J Transcat Interven. 2020;28:eA20190034.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B11">
        <label>11</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Patel</surname>
              <given-names>MR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Peterson</surname>
              <given-names>ED</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Dai</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Brennan</surname>
              <given-names>JM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Redberg</surname>
              <given-names>RF</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Anderson</surname>
              <given-names>HV</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Low diagnostic yield of elective coronary angiography</article-title>
          <source>N Engl J Med</source>
          <year>2010</year>
          <volume>362</volume>
          <issue>10</issue>
          <fpage>886</fpage>
          <lpage>895</lpage>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>11. Patel MR, Peterson ED, Dai D, Brennan JM, Redberg RF, Anderson HV, et al. Low diagnostic yield of elective coronary angiography. N Engl J Med. 2010;362(10):886-95.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B12">
        <label>12</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Rosa</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Spaccarotella</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Basso</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Calabr&#242;</surname>
              <given-names>MP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Curcio</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Filardi</surname>
              <given-names>PP</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Reduction of hospitalizations for myocardial infarction in Italy in the COVID-19 era</article-title>
          <source>Eur Heart J</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>41</volume>
          <issue>22</issue>
          <fpage>2083</fpage>
          <lpage>2088</lpage>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>12. Rosa S, Spaccarotella C, Basso C, Calabr&#242; MP, Curcio A, Filardi PP, et al. Reduction of hospitalizations for myocardial infarction in Italy in the COVID-19 era. Eur Heart J. 2020;41(22):2083-8.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B13">
        <label>13</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Garcia</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Albaghdadi</surname>
              <given-names>MS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Meraj</surname>
              <given-names>PM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Schmidt</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Garberich</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Jaffer</surname>
              <given-names>FA</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Reduction in ST-segment elevation cardiac catheterization laboratory activations in the united states during COVID-19 pandemic</article-title>
          <source>J Am Coll Cardiol</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>75</volume>
          <issue>22</issue>
          <fpage>2871</fpage>
          <lpage>2872</lpage>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>13. Garcia S, Albaghdadi MS, Meraj PM, Schmidt C, Garberich R, Jaffer FA, et al. Reduction in ST-segment elevation cardiac catheterization laboratory activations in the united states during COVID-19 pandemic. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;75(22):2871-2.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B14">
        <label>14</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Rodr&#237;guez-Leor</surname>
              <given-names>O</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cid-&#193;lvarez</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ojeda</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mart&#237;n-Moreirasf</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Rumorosog</surname>
              <given-names>JR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>L&#243;pez-Palop</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 sobre la actividad asistencial en cardiologia intervencionista en Espana</article-title>
          <source>REC Interv Cardiol</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>2</volume>
          <fpage>82</fpage>
          <lpage>89</lpage>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>14. Rodr&#237;guez-Leor O, Cid-&#193;lvarez B, Ojeda S, Mart&#237;n-Moreirasf J, Rumorosog JR, L&#243;pez-Palop R, et al. Impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 sobre la actividad asistencial en cardiologia intervencionista en Espana. REC Interv Cardiol. 2020;2:82-9.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B15">
        <label>15</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="legal-doc">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <collab>Brasil Secretaria Estadual de Sa&#250;de. (Brasil)</collab>
          </person-group>
          <comment>Resolu&#231;&#227;o SES n&#176; 2004, de 18 de mar&#231;o de 2020</comment>
          <source>Di&#225;rio Oficial da Uni&#227;o</source>
          <day>19</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2020</year>
          <comment>Se&#231;&#227;o 1</comment>
          <date-in-citation content-type="access-date">[acesso em 13 Mai. 2020]</date-in-citation>
          <comment>Dispon&#237;vel em: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.legisweb.com.br/legislacao/?id=390927">https://www.legisweb.com.br/legislacao/?id=390927</ext-link></comment>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>15. Brasil Secretaria Estadual de Sa&#250;de. (Brasil). Resolu&#231;&#227;o SES n&#176; 2004, de 18 de mar&#231;o de 2020. Di&#225;rio Oficial da Uni&#227;o 19 mar 2020; Se&#231;&#227;o 1. [acesso em 13 Mai. 2020]. Dispon&#237;vel em: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.legisweb.com.br/legislacao/?id=390927">https://www.legisweb.com.br/legislacao/?id=390927</ext-link>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Letter</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Safety of Interventional Cardiology Procedures in Chronic Coronary Syndrome during the COVID-19 Pandemic</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3230-7683</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ferreira</surname>
            <given-names>Esmeralci</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alves</surname>
            <given-names>Thales Siqueira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2501-302X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Mourilhe-Rocha</surname>
            <given-names>Ricardo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2330-0519</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Lacerda</surname>
            <given-names>Ana Luiza Iannarella</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8692-1115</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Albuquerque</surname>
            <given-names>Felipe Neves</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9891-676X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Spineti</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro Pimenta de Mello</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Setta</surname>
            <given-names>Daniel Xavier de Brito</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Esporcatte</surname>
            <given-names>Roberto</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1883-6546</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Albuquerque</surname>
            <given-names>Denilson Campos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Esmeralci Ferreira</bold> &#8226; UERJ - Departamento das Doen&#231;as do T&#243;rax Avenida 28 de setembro. Postal Code <postal-code>20550-900</postal-code>, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brazil. E-mail: <email>esmeralci@gmail.com</email></corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Ferreira E, Mourilhe-Rocha R, Esporcatte R, Albuquerque DC; Acquisition of data: Ferreira E, Alves TS, Lacerda ALI; Analysis and interpretation of the data: Ferreira E, Alves TS, Mourilhe-Rocha R, Albuquerque FN, Spineti PPM, Setta DXB, Esporcatte R, Albuquerque DC; Statistical analysis: Ferreira E, Mourilhe-Rocha R, Spineti PPM; Writing of the manuscript: Ferreira E, Alves TS, Mourilhe-Rocha R, Albuquerque FN, Spineti PPM, Setta DXB, Esporcatte R, Albuquerque DC; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Ferreira E, Mourilhe-Rocha R.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Pandemics</kwd>
        <kwd>SARS- CoV-2</kwd>
        <kwd>Betacoronavirus</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronary Artery Disease/mortality</kwd>
        <kwd>Percutaneous Coronary Intervention</kwd>
        <kwd>Health Profile</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in Brazil and in the world, with increased morbidity and well-defined risk factors. Acute coronary heart disease has very well-established indications for interventional treatments. In chronic coronary syndrome (CCS), the indications for intervention are based on the degree of ischemia and the symptoms of each patient.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref> The pandemic triggered by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes COVID-19, has radically changed the indications for interventional procedures, regardless of clinical presentation.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref></p>
      <p>Wide community transmission, severe involvement and complexity of the disease, and a mortality rate that may reach up to 12% in risk groups, mainly those with CVD, have been observed.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref> COVID-19 has triggered a paradigm shift in cardiology care worldwide, especially in interventional cardiology settings.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref></p>
      <p>In acute coronary syndrome (ACS), there has been a significant reduction in the number of patients seeking emergency rooms, perhaps due to fear of infection or even because they were less symptomatic during lockdown. Delays in the public service regulation system have also occurred, certainly caused by overload in hospital admissions.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> Conversely, interventional cardiology departments have restricted care to these patients, and new routines have been created to perform interventions only in more severe situations, with real demobilization in chest pain protocols.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> Many tertiary care hospitals have recommended thrombolysis rather than primary angioplasty, and others have performed interventional procedures only after rapid testing to exclude SARS-CoV-2 infection. All actions have been supported or guided by interventional cardiology societies worldwide.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref></p>
      <p>Invasive diagnostic tests have been fully suspended for elective patients with CCS, with no schedule for appointments. This has occurred in the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), whose suspension of elective appointments has also had an indirect impact on the reduction in procedures. In the private health insurance system, authorization passwords have been suspended by several insurers.</p>
      <p>Acknowledging that patients with CCS are less severe does not represent the data seen in the literature, which demonstrate incidence of significant obstructions in more than 50% of cases.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref> In contrast, we found no data suggesting interventional procedures for stable individuals during the pandemic. Based on the assumption that procedures in patients with CCS should not be delayed, as they potentially have severe coronary heart disease, we organized a cohort of patients to conduct effective guidance during appointments. Regardless of the stage of social distancing imposed by the pandemic, the procedures were conducted in the safest way possible. Our primary objective was to evaluate whether performing coronary angiography with or without percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was safe regarding the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in an initial population of 105 SUS patients with CCS. We analyzed clinical profile, angiography results, need for revascularization, mortality, and whether tests were suspended due to diagnosis or suspicion of the infection.</p>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>Methods</title>
        <p>In this prospective study conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, 105 SUS patients with CCS undergoing elective coronary angiography at a teaching hospital between March and May 2020 were evaluated. Four patients were excluded for not attending the test on the scheduled date. All patients were previously evaluated by a cardiologist in a medical appointment, including data on each patient&#8217;s clinical profile. During the appointment and when signing the informed consent form, patients were advised to make social isolation, and the guidance was understood by all. The procedures were performed safely with both staff and patients wearing personal protective equipment (PPE). The approaches were taken based on the coronary lesions. Those above 70% of the lumen in epicardial coronary vessels and those above 50% in the left main coronary artery (LMCA) were considered severe. The lesions were assessed by two or more experienced observers. The assessment of clinical symptoms for presence of COVID-19 was made during the appointment, in the hospital stay, and after 15 days of being at the hospital. The guidance for performing the test was scheduled only in case of suspicion of the disease. The study was approved by the institution&#8217;s research ethics committee (registration number: CAAE 31784420.7.0000.5259; opinion number: 4.035.853).</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Statistical analysis</title>
          <p>Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS, version 25.0. Continuous variables were described as mean and standard deviation, and categorical variables were described as absolute numbers and percentages.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Results</title>
        <p>In total, 194 precatheterization outpatient appointments were made and 105 patients had their tests scheduled between March and May 2020. With regard to appointments, two patients (1.03%) had flu-like syndrome on the day of the appointment and were advised to maintain isolation at home for 15 days and to seek care at the hospital if their condition deteriorated. Both patients did not attend the scheduled test and no further information was obtained about their progress. Two other patients missed the exam and there was no further contact. Onde hundred and one patients attended the test. One patient had cardiovascular death before the procedure (ventricular tachycardia). We considered 101 patients for analysis, including 100 patients undergoing catheterization either combined with PCI or not and 15 (14.8%) admissions for the procedure. There were 11 PCIs and 3 coronary artery bypass grafts (CABGs). Mean age was 61.88 &#177; 10.3 years, and 51.5% were male. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia were the most prevalent risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Table 1</xref>).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t3">
          <label>Table 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>General characteristics of the population</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <colgroup width="49%">
              <col width="1%"/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <th align="left" valign="middle">Baseline characteristics</th>
                <th align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Patients analyzed (N = 101)</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Age (years)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">61.88 &#177; 10.3</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Male</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">52 (51.5)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Female</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">49 (48.5)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Smoking</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">19 (18.8)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Hypertension</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">89 (88.1)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Diabetes mellitus</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">41 (40.6)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Dyslipidemia</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">31 (30.7)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Previous AMI</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">31 (30.7)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Previous Cath</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">8 (7.9)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Previous CABG</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">7 (6.9)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Clinical presentation</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">SA</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">101 (100)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">NIT</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Performed</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">37 (37)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">Obst. CAD</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">19 51.4</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">No obst. CAD</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">18 48.6</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Not performed</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">63 (63)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">Obst. CAD</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">35 (55.6)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">No obst. CAD</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">28 (44.4)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN3">
              <p>Values shown as n (%). AMI: acute myocardial infarction; CABG: coronary artery bypass graft; CAD: coronary artery disease; Cath: coronary catheterization; NIT: noninvasive test; Obst.: obstructive; SA: stable angina.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>The prevalence of obstructive CAD was 54%, of which 22% had triple-vessel involvement, with 8% involving the LMCA and 35% involving the left anterior descending artery (LAD) (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Table 2</xref>). In patients with LMCA involvement, 87.5% were associated with multivessel CAD and only one patient had isolated stenosis in the LMCA (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 1</xref>). Obstructive CAD was found in 66.6% of men and 40.8% of women. CAD occurred in 63% of patients aged &gt; 60 years. Radial access was used in 97% of cases.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t4">
          <label>Table 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Angiographic characteristics and approaches</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
            <colgroup width="49%">
              <col width="1%"/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <th align="left" valign="middle">Angiographic characteristics</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Procedures (N = 100)</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Cath</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">89</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Cath and PCI</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">11</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">Ad hoc</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">4 (36.4)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">Urgent</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">7 (63.6)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">CABG</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">3</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Death</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">1</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">Single-vessel</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">20</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">Double-vessel</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">12</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">Triple-vessel</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">22</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Location of lesions in the arteries</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">LMCA</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">8</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">LAD</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">35</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">LCX</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">32</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">RCA</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">32</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Access routes</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle"/>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">Radial</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">97</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">Femoral</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">3</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN4">
              <p>Values shown as n (%). CABG: coronary artery bypass graft; Cath: coronary catheterization; LAD: left anterior descending artery; LCX: left circumflex artery; LMCA: left main coronary artery; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; RCA: right coronary artery.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <fig id="f2">
          <label>Figure 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>coronary angiography in two projections showing a 75% lesion in the left main coronary artery (LMCA) and then following 4.0 x 12 mm drug-eluting stent implantation in the LMCA.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-115-04-0712-00704-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
        <p>PCI or urgent CABG was performed in 14% of patients with obstructive CAD. Of all PCIs performed, 70% treated only one vessel.</p>
        <p>Among the eight examiners and staff members, none had suspected or confirmed COVID-19 during the study. None of the admitted patients had COVID-19 symptoms during hospitalization. All patients who underwent procedures were kept in isolation according to previous guidance. Regarding the patients who underwent the procedure, none had flu-like syndrome within 15 days of the test.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <p>This preliminary study showed safety for both patients and staff in conducting elective tests, even during the pandemic. We do not have comparative data because there are no studies in the Brazilian literature evaluating this type of population. By evaluating all the patients in this series, we observed that, despite CCS, a significant percentage of 14.8% of the patients had serious events, including 1 death and 14 indications for admission for immediate (ad hoc) revascularization or within the first week following the procedure, 3 of which were indicated for surgery. The mean age of 61.8 years and the higher incidence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus were similar to those of other studies of patients undergoing coronary angiography.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref></p>
        <p>The rate of normal test results (46%) was within that found in the literature according to a study conducted by Costa et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref> who investigated a cohort of 1844 patients undergoing coronary angiography. Those authors also found a significant percentage (52.9%) of severe CAD in CCS.</p>
        <p>Sant&#8217;Anna et al. reported 45% of normal coronary arteries in an evaluation of 503 patients, but the prevalence was found in a population consisting of young, female, nonsmoker patients.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref> An American study<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref> of 1 989 779 tests found a prevalence of moderate-to-severe CAD of 41.0% in patients with CCS. Regarding patients with obstructive CAD, 26% required urgent intervention because of the severity of the lesion.</p>
        <p>The presence of LMCA disease (8%) and triple-vessel involvement (22%) exceeded expectations for stable patients, as well as the occurrence of 1 death before the test. Also, the severity of LMCA disease does not correspond to that found in patients with CCS, and 1 patient was treated urgently by percutaneous route (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 1</xref>). Approximately 74% of patients with indication for CABG or PCI were advised to have their procedures scheduled electively. Among those with obstructive CAD (54%), only 26% (14) have already undergone a procedure for revascularization, and 74% (40) have known obstructive coronary anatomy awaiting a procedure.</p>
        <p>The guidelines for ACS care during the pandemic are better established, with the support of several cardiology societies, always respecting the balance between staff&#8217;s exposure and patient&#8217;s benefit.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref> In cases of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and active COVID-19, fibrinolysis may be considered an option in relatively stable patients.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> In unstable patients or those with potential clinical deterioration, primary PCI should be performed. In a national multicenter study involving 54 hospitals in Italy, there was a significant reduction of 48.4% (319 x 618, p &lt; 0.001) in the number of infarctions during a comparative week between 2019 and 2020; however, the number of fatal cases increased by 13.7% compared to 4.1% that was previously recorded in 2019 (RR = 3.3, 95% CI 1.7&#8211;6.6; p &lt; 0.001).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref> A New York (United States, US) registry also showed increased mortality in households, about 8-10 times, compared to the same period in previous years.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref> These results are consistent with those of a Spanish registry<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref> that showed a 40% reduction in STEMI cases and those of different US states whose reduction in admissions ranged from 38 to 48%.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref></p>
        <p>In non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), the reports also demonstrated a sharp decrease in the number of weekly admissions, as shown in the Italian study, in which the number reduced from 350 to 122 (65.4% reduction; 95% CI 60.3&#8211;70.3; p &lt; 0.001).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref> The most accepted recommendation for NSTEMI is, if possible, performing COVID-19 tests before cardiac catheterization, and more severe patients should undergo early intervention.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref></p>
        <p>The recommendations for CCS interventions are less consistent and superficially consider that the procedures should be individualized and indicated only for high-risk patients.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> Welt et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> suggested reducing the number of procedures, with delays in elective cases, and dividing the staff into shifts to rotate professionals, with a focus on reducing the risk of staff contamination.</p>
        <p>Those restrictive measures for stable patients provided a comfort zone in relation to reducing the spread of COVID-19; however, in objective terms, we observed that coronary heart disease care was not included, with regard to the good practices established before the pandemic.</p>
        <p>In Brazil, the pandemic has dramatically changed medical care in several specialties with suspension of elective procedures and appointments. Most medical professionals advised their patients, either private health insurance clients or SUS clients, to postpone their elective procedures and to seek emergency rooms in case of severe symptoms of chest pain, dyspnea, etc. This guidance undoubtedly protects individuals who remain asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic from SARS-CoV-2 but exposes patients who may need urgent care to infection. Conversely, individuals who believe their symptoms are not so severe or who are more tolerant of pain may be affected by a reckless reflection. In such cases, delaying care may have serious consequences, including cardiac death at home.</p>
        <p>Resolution number 2004 of March 18, 2020 issued by the Rio de Janeiro State Health Department<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref> suspended elective outpatient care services in public units but correctly maintained essential outpatient care services, including those of oncology and cardiology. Nonetheless, access to patients was affected and the resolution was not widely accepted. As a rule, SUS patients are more severe and have more risk factors. In those patients, there are great difficulties in separating those who are overall stable from those who may be affected by an acute condition requiring hospitalization.</p>
        <p>It seems reasonable to us to preserve the capacity of hospital beds, avoiding unnecessary elective procedures in stable patients with significant comorbidities or in those whose post-intervention length of stay is more than 24 to 48 hours.However, despite being in line with most protective measures for patients and staff, we highlight that patients with CCS may require procedures and this warrants cautiously breaking the restrictive measures with no additional risks of exposure to the virus.</p>
        <p>In this case series, an active search was made to select patients who were symptomatic, ischemic, and with multiple risk factors, thus preventing them from attending any type of appointment or going to an emergency room. We understand that such rapid action in the diagnosis and treatment of those patients was a measure that prevented a more severe outcome in terms of coronary events. Conversely, strict care and guidance provided in the appointment, reinforced isolation, procedural routines, and the attempt to reduce length of stay have minimized the risks of coronavirus infection.</p>
        <p>In the health crisis triggered by COVID-19, there was no objective guidance on the performance of procedures in stable patients exactly because they were suspended or delayed. In our real-world experience, providing patients with suspected CAD with care based on clinical assessment and rapid knowledge of coronary anatomy should be done before any possible clinical instability. In this population, we clearly demonstrated that the risk of cardiac events to which patients were exposed was much greater than the possibility of having complications of the disease caused by the virus.</p>
        <p>Although they do not determine that this is effectively the best approach, our data suggest a reflection so that care in catheterization laboratories during the pandemic is reassessed and not systematically suspended or delayed.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Limitations</title>
          <p>The main limitations are the small number of patients, the low-prevalence variables that require much larger samples, and the fact that this is a single-center study. In addition, under the guidance of the Hospital Infection Control Committee, we did not perform COVID-19 tests on any of the patients and staff because they were all asymptomatic at the time of the procedure and remained as such for at least 15 days. Despite the limitations, this study may encourage other services to generate multicenter observations and analyses with greater statistical robustness.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclusions</title>
        <p>As shown in this study, the performance of elective tests in patients with CCS was safe for both patients and professionals even during the pandemic, contrasting with most recommendations from other services. The study demonstrated that the anatomical angiographic evaluation revealed patients at high risk of morbidity and mortality, requiring interventions in those with complex lesions, thereby contributing to reduce the number of ACS in this population.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by" id="fn3">
          <p>
            <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
          </p>
          <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn4">
          <p>
            <bold>Study Association</bold>
          </p>
          <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
