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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">vNC7ygQY7NbmRtSnpJR3fKK</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2020001200678</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20200552</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20200552</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Efeitos Cardiovasculares do Diterpeno Manool em Ratos Normotensos e Hipertensos</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9510-1124</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Castro</surname>
            <given-names>Carlos Henrique</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4525-6814</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pontes</surname>
            <given-names>Carolina Nobre Ribeiro</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s, Goi&#226;nia, GO - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Carlos Henrique Castro</bold> &#8226; Departamento de Ci&#234;ncias Fisiol&#243;gicas, ICB II, Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s, Campus II. CEP <postal-code>74001-970</postal-code>, Goi&#226;nia, GO - Brasil. E-mail: <email>castro@ufg.br</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>23</day>
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>115</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>678</fpage>
      <lpage>679</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares</kwd>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Ratos</kwd>
        <kwd>Plantas</kwd>
        <kwd>Diterpeno Manool</kwd>
        <kwd>Plantas Medicinais</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="12"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A Organiza&#231;&#227;o Mundial da Sa&#250;de estima que as doen&#231;as cardiovasculares (DCVs) sejam a principal causa de morte no mundo, sendo respons&#225;veis por 17,5 milh&#245;es de mortes por ano, n&#250;mero que deve ultrapassar 23,6 milh&#245;es at&#233; 2030.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> Da mesma forma, no Brasil, as doen&#231;as do sistema circulat&#243;rio causaram 30,68% do total de mortes em 2014.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref></p>
    <p>A hipertens&#227;o &#233; quantitativamente o fator de risco mais importante para DCVs, como acidente vascular cerebral, infarto do mioc&#225;rdio e insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref> A preval&#234;ncia global de hipertens&#227;o em adultos com 18 anos ou mais foi aproximadamente 22% em 2014. A alta incid&#234;ncia de hipertens&#227;o e outras DCVs tamb&#233;m geram um importante problema econ&#244;mico, pois s&#227;o respons&#225;veis por altas taxas de mortalidade e incapacidade na popula&#231;&#227;o economicamente ativa.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref></p>
    <p>&#201; importante ressaltar que mesmo com a grande diversidade de medicamentos dispon&#237;veis atualmente, ainda existe um aumento na preval&#234;ncia das DCVs. Isso enfatiza a import&#226;ncia de estudos com o objetivo de descobrir novas subst&#226;ncias com efeitos anti-hipertensivos ou cardioprotetores, de baixo custo e poucos efeitos adversos. Nesse sentido, o potencial terap&#234;utico de produtos derivados de plantas para DCVs foi documentado em estudos anteriores.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> De fato, alguns medicamentos j&#225; dispon&#237;veis comercialmente foram desenvolvidos a partir de subst&#226;ncias encontradas anteriormente em plantas, como a digoxina, derivada da <italic>D. lanata</italic>, usada no tratamento da insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca congestiva por muitas d&#233;cadas, e a reserpina, derivada da <italic>R. serpentina</italic>, que foi um dos primeiros medicamentos utilizados no tratamento da hipertens&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref></p>
    <p>Monteiro et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref> avaliaram o efeito do manool na press&#227;o arterial no modelo animal de hipertens&#227;o renovascular dois rins um clipe (2K1C). O manool promoveu redu&#231;&#227;o da press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica em ratos normotensos e hipertensos. O efeito encontrado em animais hipertensos foi, pelo menos em parte, mediado pela via do &#243;xido n&#237;trico, uma vez que o pr&#233;-tratamento com o inibidor n&#227;o-espec&#237;fico da &#243;xido n&#237;trico sintase, L-NAME, atenuou o efeito anti-hipertensivo do manool. Al&#233;m disso, o manool promoveu um aumento nos n&#237;veis plasm&#225;ticos de nitrito / nitrato (NOx) em ratos hipertensos, mas n&#227;o nos normotensos. Esses dados sugerem uma poss&#237;vel diferen&#231;a nos mecanismos de a&#231;&#227;o do manool entre animais normotensos e hipertensos. Infelizmente, os autores n&#227;o mostraram se as mudan&#231;as na press&#227;o arterial foram acompanhadas por altera&#231;&#245;es da frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca. De forma interessante, os autores demonstraram que o manool parece atuar no endot&#233;lio vascular. Foi observado que o manool causou vaso-relaxamento somente nos an&#233;is a&#243;rticos com endot&#233;lio intacto de ratos normotensos. Entretanto, n&#227;o foram demonstrados os efeitos do manool na aorta de ratos hipertensos.</p>
    <p>O manool pertence &#224; classe dos compostos diterp&#234;nicos e &#233; encontrado em maiores concentra&#231;&#245;es na esp&#233;cie <italic>Salvia officinalis.</italic><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> H&#225; poucos estudos que avaliaram o efeito do manool no sistema cardiovascular. Entretanto, muitos estudos experimentais e cl&#237;nicos t&#234;m demonstrado alguns efeitos ben&#233;ficos de v&#225;rias classes de diterpen&#243;ides para DCVs.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> Os diterpen&#243;ides podem induzir relaxamento vascular e diminuir a press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica em ratos espontaneamente hipertensos<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref> e diurese e natriurese em ratos normotensos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref> Estudos cl&#237;nicos demonstraram que estevios&#237;deo administrado por via oral reduz a press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica e diast&#243;lica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref> Al&#233;m disso, a administra&#231;&#227;o intravenosa de diterpeno forscolina do tipo labdano reduz a press&#227;o arterial diast&#243;lica e melhora a fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular esquerda em pacientes com miocardiopatia.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref></p>
    <p>Esses estudos apontaram os diterpen&#243;ides como um alvo potencial para o desenvolvimento de novos agentes terap&#234;uticos cardiovasculares. Corroborando com estes estudos, Monteiro et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref> demonstraram que o manool, um diterpen&#243;ide labdano, tamb&#233;m apresenta algumas a&#231;&#245;es ben&#233;ficas no sistema cardiovascular. Al&#233;m disso, este estudo fornece informa&#231;&#245;es sobre os mecanismos de a&#231;&#227;o gerados pelo manool que podem servir de base para estudos futuros visando o desenvolvimento de novos f&#225;rmacos para o tratamento das DCVs. Entretanto, novos estudos experimentais, incluindo outros modelos animais e estudos cl&#237;nicos s&#227;o essenciais para confirmar esta hip&#243;tese.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>
          <italic>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Efeito do Diterpeno Manool sobre a Press&#227;o Arterial e Reatividade Vascular em Ratos Normotensos e Hipertensos</italic>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mitrovic</surname>
              <given-names>V</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Cardiovascular effects of forskolin and phosphodiesterase-III inhibitors</article-title>
          <source>Basic Res Cardiol</source>
          <year>1989</year>
          <volume>84</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>197</fpage>
          <lpage>212</lpage>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>12. Schlepper M, Thormann J, Mitrovic V. Cardiovascular effects of forskolin and phosphodiesterase-III inhibitors. Basic Res Cardiol. 1989 84(1):197-212.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Cardiovascular Effects of the Diterpene Manool in Normotensive and Hypertensive Rats</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9510-1124</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Castro</surname>
            <given-names>Carlos Henrique</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4525-6814</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pontes</surname>
            <given-names>Carolina Nobre Ribeiro</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s, Goi&#226;nia, GO - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Carlos Henrique Castro</bold> &#8226; Departamento de Ci&#234;ncias Fisiol&#243;gicas, ICB II, Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s, Campus II. Postal Code <postal-code>74001-970</postal-code>, Goi&#226;nia, GO - Brazil. E-mail: <email>castro@ufg.br</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases</kwd>
        <kwd>Hypertension</kwd>
        <kwd>Rats</kwd>
        <kwd>Plants</kwd>
        <kwd>Diterpenes Manool</kwd>
        <kwd>Plants, Medicinal</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>The World Health Organization estimates that cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death globally, accounting for 17.5 million deaths per year, a number that is expected to grow to more than 23.6 million by 2030.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> Similarly, in Brazil, diseases of the circulatory system caused 30.68 % of the total deaths in 2014.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref></p>
      <p>Hypertension is quantitatively the most important risk factor for CVD, such as stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac failure.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref> The global prevalence of hypertension in adults aged 18 years and over was around 22% in 2014. The high incidence of hypertension and other CVD also generates an important economic problem since they are responsible for high rates of mortality and disability in the economically active population.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref></p>
      <p>It is important to note that even with the great diversity of drugs currently available, there is still an increase in the prevalence of CVD. This emphasizes the importance of studies with purposes of discovering new substances with antihypertensive or cardioprotective effects, low cost, and few adverse effects. In this sense, the therapeutic potential of plant-derived products for treatment of CVD has been documented in previous studies.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref><sup>&#8211;</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> Indeed, some commercial drugs have been developed from substances found previously in plants, such as digoxin, derived from <italic>D lanata</italic>, used in the treatment of congestive heart failure for many decades, and the reserpine, derived from <italic>R serpentine</italic>, which was one of the first drugs used on the treatment of hypertension.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref></p>
      <p>Monteiro et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref> evaluated the effect of manool on blood pressure in two-kidney one-clip (2K1C) renovascular hypertension animal model. The manool promoted a reduction in the systolic blood pressure in both normotensive and hypertensive rats. The effect found in hypertensive animals was, at least in part, mediated by nitric oxide pathways, since the pre-treatment with a nonspecific nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, L-NAME, attenuated the antihypertensive effect of manool. Additionally, manool promoted an increase in plasma nitrite/nitrate (NOx) levels in hypertensive, but not normotensive rats. This data suggest a possible difference in action mechanisms of the manool between normotensive and hypertensive animals. Unfortunately, the authors did not show whether the changes in blood pressure were accompanied by alterations of the heart rate. Interestingly, the authors demonstrated that manool seems to act on vascular endothelium. It was observed that manool evoked vasorelaxation only in endothelium-intact aortic rings from normotensive rats. However, it was not demonstrated the effects of manool in aorta of the hypertensive rats.</p>
      <p>Manool belongs to the class of diterpene compounds and is found in higher concentrations in the species <italic>Salvia officinalis</italic>.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> There are very few studies directed to evaluate the effect of manool on the cardiovascular system. However, many experimental and clinical studies have shown the beneficial effects of several classes of diterpenoids for CVD.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> Diterpenoids promote vascular relaxation and reduction in systolic blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref> and diuresis and natriuresis in normotensive rats.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref> Clinical studies demonstrated that stevioside administered orally reduces systolic and diastolic blood pressures.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref> Also, intravenous administration of labdane-type diterpene forskolin reduces diastolic blood pressure and improved left ventricular function in patients with cardiomyopathy.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref></p>
      <p>These studies pointed out the diterpenoids as a potential target for the development of novel cardiovascular therapeutic agents. In this sense, Monteiro et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref> showed that manool, a diterpenoid labdane also has some beneficial actions on the cardiovascular system. Besides, this study provides information on the mechanisms of action elicited by manool that can form a basis for future studies aiming at the development of new drugs for the treatment of CVD. However, further experimental studies, including other animal models and clinical studies are essential to confirm this hypothesis.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>
            <italic>Short Editorial related to the article: Effect of Diterpene Manool on the Arterial Blood Pressure and Vascular Reactivity in Normotensive and Hypertensive Rats</italic>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
