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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">jQ4CFC9JCXNZ8pt8tcdTCdM</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2020001200602</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20200914</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20200914</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Circula&#231;&#227;o Extracorp&#243;rea na Cirurgia de Revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do Mioc&#225;rdio no Estado de S&#227;o Paulo. O Estudo REPLICCAR</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9631-946X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Evora</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo Roberto B.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir&#227;o Preto</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Departamento de Cirurgia e Anatomia</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Cirurgia e Anatomia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir&#227;o Preto, Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Paulo Roberto B. Evora</bold> &#8226; Rua Rui Barbosa, 367, Apt. 15. CEP <postal-code>14015-120</postal-code>, Ribeir&#227;o Preto, SP - Brasil. E-mail <email>prbevora@fmrp.usp.br</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>23</day>
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>115</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>602</fpage>
      <lpage>603</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Infarto do Mioc&#225;rdio/cirurgia</kwd>
        <kwd>Revasculariza&#231;&#227;o Mioc&#225;rdica/cirurgia</kwd>
        <kwd>Circula&#231;&#227;o Extracorp&#243;rea</kwd>
        <kwd>Epidemiologia</kwd>
        <kwd>REPICCAR</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="5"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Se a revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio deve ser realizada com ou sem o uso de circula&#231;&#227;o extracorp&#243;rea, chamada de CRM sem CEC e com CEC, ainda &#233; uma quest&#227;o em debate. Intuitivamente, evitar o <italic>bypass</italic> cardiopulmonar parece ben&#233;fico, pois a resposta inflamat&#243;ria sist&#234;mica da circula&#231;&#227;o extracorp&#243;rea &#233; omitida. Mesmo assim, nenhum ensaio randomizado &#250;nico foi capaz de provar que a CRM sem CEC &#233; superior &#224; CRM com CEC no que diz respeito aos desfechos de morte, acidente vascular cerebral ou infarto do mioc&#225;rdio.</p>
    <p>Hoje em dia, a cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio sem CEC (RMSCEC) se tornou uma pr&#225;tica comum na cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio (CRM). Al&#233;m disso, parece que disfun&#231;&#245;es de &#243;rg&#227;os (f&#237;gado, rim, isquemia intestinal, acidente vascular cerebral e outros tipos de disfun&#231;&#245;es menores) devem ser definitivamente diferenciadas, considerando as duas cirurgias de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio. Uma limita&#231;&#227;o associada &#224; t&#233;cnica sem CEC, especificamente a instabilidade hemodin&#226;mica, diz respeito &#224; qualidade da anastomose, a capacidade de obter uma revasculariza&#231;&#227;o completa e a taxa de convers&#227;o para CEC, que s&#227;o preocupa&#231;&#245;es especulativas. Portanto, ainda n&#227;o est&#225; claro se a RMSCEC &#233; superior em termos de pat&#234;ncia do enxerto, incid&#234;ncia de complica&#231;&#245;es, desfechos em longo prazo e a taxa de mortalidade associada em compara&#231;&#227;o com a CRM convencional (CRMC).</p>
    <p>O boletim da Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia Cardiovascular (SBCCV) (abril de 2017) destaca um consenso publicado pela <italic>American Heart Association</italic> (AHA) para o uso de crit&#233;rios adequados para revasculariza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica em angina est&#225;vel.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> Diferentemente de uma diretriz padr&#227;o, este Consenso traz mais de 60 cen&#225;rios cl&#237;nicos reais, avaliados por um painel de 32 especialistas entre m&#233;dicos, intervencionistas e cirurgi&#245;es. Foram contempladas as caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas, anat&#244;micas e funcionais e, de forma inovadora, o tratamento com um ou mais antianginosos pesou na decis&#227;o da interven&#231;&#227;o. Essa abordagem tem sido &#250;til para estabelecer uma padroniza&#231;&#227;o inequ&#237;voca para corrigir discrep&#226;ncias regionais quando, por exemplo, o EuroSCORE e STS s&#227;o utilizados. A cirurgia card&#237;aca brasileira, embora tenha alto prest&#237;gio internacional, nunca realizou um grande &#8220;ensaio&#8221; sobre a cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio sem circula&#231;&#227;o extracorp&#243;rea, j&#225; que sua introdu&#231;&#227;o na pr&#225;tica cir&#250;rgica foi realizada pelo Dr. Enio Buffolo (no Brasil) e Dr. Federico Benetti (na Argentina).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref></p>
    <p>Pelo menos dois ensaios em andamento (BYPASS REGISTRY e REPLICCAR) poderiam se tornar um valioso ponto de partida para o real estabelecimento das condi&#231;&#245;es da cirurgia card&#237;aca no Brasil. O projeto BYPASS est&#225; ganhando corpo e cumprindo o objetivo de retratar o cen&#225;rio da cirurgia cardiovascular no Brasil.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref> Apesar de v&#225;rias tentativas anteriores de estabelecer um banco de dados nacional, este projeto merece ser incentivado. Esses dois estudos devem ser o in&#237;cio de um banco de dados unificado da cirurgia card&#237;aca brasileira.</p>
    <p>Nesta edi&#231;&#227;o dos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, temos o prazer de ler os primeiros resultados do estudo REPLICCAR, que considerou dados extra&#237;dos de institui&#231;&#245;es acad&#234;micas do estado de S&#227;o Paulo. Os desfechos analisados foram: morbidade (reopera&#231;&#227;o por sangramento, choque cardiog&#234;nico, acidente vascular cerebral, infec&#231;&#227;o do s&#237;tio cir&#250;rgico, mediastinite, pneumonia, infarto do mioc&#225;rdio, insufici&#234;ncia renal aguda e mortalidade cir&#250;rgica no per&#237;odo entre a cirurgia e a avalia&#231;&#227;o de 30 dias, ou at&#233; a alta hospitalar. O estudo enfatiza que, embora existam crit&#233;rios bem definidos para a indica&#231;&#227;o de CRM, a escolha da CEC permanece baseada no perfil cl&#237;nico do paciente e na experi&#234;ncia do cirurgi&#227;o. No estudo REPLICCAR, a reopera&#231;&#227;o por hemorragia foi o &#250;nico desfecho associado ao uso de CEC na CRM.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref></p>
    <p>Por fim, qual &#233; a melhor resposta &#224; pergunta desafiadora a qual &#233; sempre repetida sobre as duas t&#233;cnicas? a RMSCEC &#233; melhor do que a CRM convencional ou vice-versa? Sim ou n&#227;o? Os estudos REPLICCAR e BYPASS n&#227;o ajudaram e, por enquanto, a resposta mais segura para a pergunta continua sendo &#8220;TALVEZ&#8221; &#8230; Intuitivamente, temos a impress&#227;o de que, ap&#243;s mais de 30 anos, ambas as t&#233;cnicas encontraram seu lugar, incluindo o aumento de &#8220;enxertos h&#237;bridos&#8221;, os quais seriam estudados em parceria com os dois estudos acima mencionados.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Impacto Atual da Circula&#231;&#227;o Extracorp&#243;rea na Cirurgia de Revasculariza&#231;&#227;o Mioc&#225;rdica no Estado de S&#227;o Paulo</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Cardiopulmonary bypass in Myocardial Revascularization Surgery in the State of S&#227;o Paulo. The REPLICCAR Study</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9631-946X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Evora</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo Roberto B.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Cirurgia e Anatomia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir&#227;o Preto, Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Paulo Roberto B. Evora</bold> &#8226; Rua Rui Barbosa, 367, Apt. 15. Postal Code <postal-code>14015-120</postal-code>, Ribeir&#227;o Preto, SP - Brazil. E-mail <email>prbevora@fmrp.usp.br</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Myocardial Infarction/surgery</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial Revascularization/surgery</kwd>
        <kwd>Extracorporeal Circulation</kwd>
        <kwd>Epidemioloy</kwd>
        <kwd>REPICCAR</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Whether myocardial revascularization should be performed with or without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass, referred to as off-pump and on-pump CABG, is still up for debate. Intuitively, avoidance of cardiopulmonary bypass seems beneficial, as the systemic inflammatory response from extracorporeal circulation is omitted. Even so, no single randomized trial has been able to prove that off-pump CABG is superior to on-pump CABG, as regards the hard outcomes of death, stroke or myocardial infarction.</p>
      <p>Nowadays, Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) has become a common practice for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Also, it seems that organ dysfunctions (liver, kidney, bowel ischemia, stroke and other kinds of minor dysfunctions) should be definitively differentiated, considering the two myocardial revascularization operations. A limitation associated with the off-pump technique, namely hemodynamic instability, concerns the quality of the anastomosis, the ability to achieve complete revascularization and the on-pump conversion rate, constituting speculative concerns. Therefore, it is still unclear whether OPCAB is superior in terms of graft patency, the incidence of complications, long-term outcomes, and the associated mortality rate- compared with conventional CABG (CCABG).</p>
      <p>The Brazilian Society of Cardiovascular Surgery (SBCCV) newsletter (April 2017) highlights a consensus published by the American Heart Association (AHA) for the use of appropriate criteria for myocardial revascularization in stable angina.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref> Unlike a standard guideline, this Consensus brings more than 60 real clinical settings, scored by a panel of 32 experts among clinicians, interventionists, and surgeons. The clinical, anatomical and functional characteristics were contemplated, and innovatively, the treatment with one or more antianginal drugs weighed in the intervention decision. This approach has been useful to establish an unambiguous standardization to correct regional discrepancies when, for example, EuroSCORE and STS are used. The Brazilian cardiac surgery, although it has high international prestige, never performed a great &#8220;trial&#8221; about coronary artery bypass grafting without cardiopulmonary bypass, since its introduction in surgical practice was carried out by Dr Enio Buffolo (in Brazil) and Dr Federico Benetti (in Argentina).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref></p>
      <p>At least two Trials in progress (BYPASS REGISTRY and the REPLICCAR) could become a valuable starting point for the real establishment of cardiac surgery conditions in Brazil. The BYPASS project is taking shape and accomplishing the aim of providing a picture of the Brazilian cardiovascular surgery scenario.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref> Despite several previous attempts to establish a national database, this project deserves to be incentivized. These two studies should be the beginning of a unified Brazilian cardiac surgery database.</p>
      <p>In this <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</italic> issue, we have the pleasure to read the initial results of the REPLICCAR study, which considered data extracted from academic institutions from the state of S&#227;o Paulo. The analyzed outcomes were: morbidity (reoperation due to bleeding, cardiogenic shock, stroke, surgical site infection, mediastinitis, pneumonia, myocardial infarction, acute renal failure and surgical mortality in the period between the surgery and the 30-day evaluation, or until hospital discharge. The study emphasizes that, although there are well-defined criteria for CABG indication, the choice of CPB remains based on the patient's clinical profile and the surgeon's experience. In the REPLICCAR, bleeding reoperation was the only outcome associated with the use of CPB in CABG.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref></p>
      <p>Finally, what is the best answer to the challenging question that is always repeated about the two techniques? Is the OPCAB better than the conventional CABG (CCABG) or vice versa? Yes or no? REPLICCAR and BYPASS studies were not helpful in answering that, and for now, the safest answer to the question remains &#8220;MAYBE&#8221;&#8230; Intuitively, one has the impression that, after more than 30 years, both techniques have found their place, including the increase in &#8220;hybrid grafts&#8221;, which would be studied in partnership with the two aforementioned studies.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Current Impact of Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in S&#227;o Paulo State</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
