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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">cwFzmfq67tTDHjjVmt8wKxr</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2020001200593</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20200835</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20200835</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Recentes Avan&#231;os na Pesquisa Experimental em Cardiologia</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1865-0207</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pagan</surname>
            <given-names>Luana U.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <name>
            <surname>Gomes</surname>
            <given-names>Mariana J.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7728-4505</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Okoshi</surname>
            <given-names>Marina P.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Estadual Paulista</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Botucatu</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Harvard Medical School</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Brigham and Women's Hospital</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Boston</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">MA</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="US">EUA</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Brigham and Women's Hospital - Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA &#8211; EUA</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia:</bold> Marina P. Okoshi &#8226; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - Rubi&#227;o Junior, S/N. CEP <postal-code>18618-687</postal-code>, Botucatu, SP &#8211; Brasil. E-mail: <email>mpoliti@fmb.unesp.br</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>23</day>
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>115</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>593</fpage>
      <lpage>594</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares/tend&#234;ncias</kwd>
        <kwd>Exerc&#237;cio</kwd>
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca</kwd>
        <kwd>Mecanismos Moleculares/tend&#234;ncias</kwd>
        <kwd>Dom&#237;nios Cient&#237;ficos</kwd>
        <kwd>Atividades Cient&#237;ficas e Tecnol&#243;gicas/tend&#234;ncias</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <award-group>
          <funding-source>FAPESP</funding-source>
          <award-id>2018/07048-2</award-id>
        </award-group>
        <award-group>
          <funding-source>CNPq</funding-source>
          <award-id>310876/2018-4</award-id>
        </award-group>
      </funding-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="15"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A pesquisa b&#225;sica &#233; de grande import&#226;ncia para fomentar e ampliar o conhecimento nas mais diversas &#225;reas. A pr&#225;tica da cardiologia cl&#237;nica modificou-se substancialmente em resposta aos avan&#231;os das pesquisas experimentais das &#250;ltimas d&#233;cadas, as quais possibilitaram maior entendimento dos mecanismos moleculares envolvidos nas doen&#231;as cardiovasculares. Consequentemente, novas ferramentas foram introduzidas para diagn&#243;stico e novos f&#225;rmacos tiveram suas indica&#231;&#245;es definidas para o tratamento das doen&#231;as cardiovasculares.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref></p>
    <p>A observa&#231;&#227;o dos artigos publicados nos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia nos &#250;ltimos anos mostra grande avan&#231;o da produ&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica na &#225;rea b&#225;sica, tanto de artigos origin&#225;rios de investigadores brasileiros como de pesquisadores de v&#225;rias na&#231;&#245;es. Adicionalmente, verifica-se a diversidade de origem da produ&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica nacional relacionada a campos do conhecimento; na &#250;ltima d&#233;cada, o jornal teve expressivo aumento da quantidade de artigos de &#225;reas como educa&#231;&#227;o f&#237;sica, fisioterapia, nutri&#231;&#227;o, biologia e biomedicina, dentre outras. Neste editorial, comentaremos sobre estudos recentemente publicados nos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia na &#225;rea de pesquisa b&#225;sica.</p>
    <p>A pr&#225;tica de exerc&#237;cios tem sido considerada cada vez mais importante na preven&#231;&#227;o e no tratamento de doen&#231;as cardiovasculares, particularmente quando se leva em conta o envelhecimento da popula&#231;&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref> Consequentemente, o papel do exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico na evolu&#231;&#227;o das doen&#231;as cardiovasculares teve destaque na produ&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica nacional e internacional nos &#250;ltimos anos. Artigos recentemente publicados nos ABC mostraram que o exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico contribui para o equil&#237;brio redox e inflamat&#243;rio no cora&#231;&#227;o em situa&#231;&#245;es de agress&#227;o sist&#234;mica, como a obesidade<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref> e a ovariectomia associada a nocaute do receptor da lipoprote&#237;na de baixa densidade.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref> Al&#233;m disso, foi relatado que, na cardiopatia diab&#233;tica, o exerc&#237;cio estimula a angiog&#234;nese mioc&#225;rdica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref> Mesmo atividades consideradas passivas, como a vibra&#231;&#227;o de corpo inteiro, tiveram efeitos ben&#233;ficos em ratos, como o aumento da toler&#226;ncia &#224; isquemia mioc&#225;rdica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> O conjunto dos resultados contribui para o entendimento dos mecanismos pelos quais o exerc&#237;cio tem efeitos ben&#233;ficos na preven&#231;&#227;o e no tratamento das doen&#231;as cardiovasculares.</p>
    <p>Terapia nutricional &#233; outra estrat&#233;gia extensamente abordada na cardiologia.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref> Um estudo recentemente publicado destacou os efeitos antioxidantes do a&#231;a&#237; e a melhora do metabolismo energ&#233;tico no modelo global de isquemia-reperfus&#227;o em ratos, que foram independentes de altera&#231;&#245;es na fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular esquerda.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> Outro componente avaliado experimentalmente foi a gordura. Muniz et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref> observaram que dieta rica em banha aumenta o peso corporal sem, no entanto, levar a dislipidemia em ratos. Por outro lado, alimenta&#231;&#227;o rica em banha e em colesterol induz dislipidemia e danos graves ao f&#237;gado.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref></p>
    <p>Al&#233;m das potenciais estrat&#233;gias n&#227;o farmacol&#243;gicas descritas, novas indica&#231;&#245;es de medicamentos foram contempladas nos estudos publicados nos ABC. Ramezani-Aliakbari et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref> avaliaram o uso da trimetazidina em ratos com cardiomiopatia diab&#233;tica. O f&#225;rmaco, comumente utilizado para melhorar o metabolismo mioc&#225;rdico na insufici&#234;ncia coronariana, reduziu o grau de hipertrofia mioc&#225;rdica e melhorou par&#226;metros eletrocardiogr&#225;ficos e de fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular. Outro medicamento avaliado foi o losartan, um bloqueador do receptor tipo 1 da angiotensina II, que melhorou a fun&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica de ratos com obesidade induzida por dieta.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref></p>
    <p>No campo da revasculariza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica, foi observado que a administra&#231;&#227;o de rapamicina em combina&#231;&#227;o com &#945;-cianoacrilato foi superior para manter a pat&#234;ncia vascular ao uso isolado de cada um dos f&#225;rmacos em enxertos vasculares de ratos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref> Os efeitos positivos pareceram ligados a diminui&#231;&#227;o do espessamento intimal, da prolifera&#231;&#227;o celular e da resposta inflamat&#243;ria no enxerto.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref></p>
    <p>Finalmente, foram publicados estudos relacionados &#224; investiga&#231;&#227;o de fatores agravantes de doen&#231;as cardiovasculares. Vassallo et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref> observaram que a exposi&#231;&#227;o ao merc&#250;rio agrava a hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica e aumenta a atividade plasm&#225;tica da enzima conversora da angiotensina e o estresse oxidativo mioc&#225;rdico de ratos espontaneamente hipertensos. Outro fator de risco para doen&#231;as cardiovasculares abordado foi o estresse f&#237;sico,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref> cuja indu&#231;&#227;o durante o per&#237;odo pr&#233;-natal resultou em altera&#231;&#245;es sexo-espec&#237;ficas na express&#227;o g&#234;nica de receptores adren&#233;rgicos &#946;1 da prole adulta de ratos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref> Por outro lado, a aplica&#231;&#227;o de estresse f&#237;sico 60 minutos antes da indu&#231;&#227;o de isquemia-reperfus&#227;o teve efeitos ben&#233;ficos, como a redu&#231;&#227;o da &#225;rea do infarto e a melhora da fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular em ratos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref></p>
    <p>Apesar do aumento nas informa&#231;&#245;es sobre vias de sinaliza&#231;&#227;o moduladas pelo exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico, dos efeitos sist&#234;micos e cardiovasculares de diferentes terapias nutricionais e dos novos usos de f&#225;rmacos para preven&#231;&#227;o e tratamento de doen&#231;as cardiovasculares, ainda h&#225; um longo caminho at&#233; que o conhecimento possa ser incorporado &#224; pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica. Espera-se que o avan&#231;o na medicina translacional possa contribuir para a redu&#231;&#227;o do tempo entre o conhecimento b&#225;sico e sua aplica&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica. Para isso, os Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia t&#234;m importante papel na publica&#231;&#227;o de artigos com relev&#226;ncia e import&#226;ncia cient&#237;fica em todas as &#225;reas do conhecimento relacionadas &#224; cardiologia. Adicionalmente, o peri&#243;dico tem promovido a interprofissionaliza&#231;&#227;o e o debate cient&#237;fico de qualidade, integrando diferentes profissionais envolvidos na preven&#231;&#227;o e nos cuidados de doen&#231;as do sistema cardiovascular.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ack>
      <title>Agradecimentos</title>
      <p>FAPESP (Proc. n. 2018/07048-2) e CNPq (Proc. n. 310876/2018-4).</p>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Overview of Recent Advances in Experimental Cardiovascular Research</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1865-0207</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pagan</surname>
            <given-names>Luana U.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <name>
            <surname>Gomes</surname>
            <given-names>Mariana J.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7728-4505</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Okoshi</surname>
            <given-names>Marina P.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Botucatu</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Boston</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">MA</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="US">USA</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Brigham and Women's Hospital - Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA &#8211; USA</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address:</bold> Marina P. Okoshi &#8226; Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - Rubi&#227;o Junior, S/N. Postal Code 18618-687, Botucatu, SP &#8211; Brazil E-mail: <email>mpoliti@fmb.unesp.br</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases/trends</kwd>
        <kwd>Exercise</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Failure</kwd>
        <kwd>Molecular Mechanisms/trends</kwd>
        <kwd>Scientific Domaine</kwd>
        <kwd>Scientific and Technical Activities/trends</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <award-group>
          <funding-source>FAPESP</funding-source>
          <award-id>2018/07048-2</award-id>
        </award-group>
        <award-group>
          <funding-source>CNPq</funding-source>
          <award-id>310876/2018-4</award-id>
        </award-group>
      </funding-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Basic research is essential to generate and expand knowledge in several research areas. In recent decades, cardiology practice has substantially changed in response to advances in experimental research, which have provided a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in cardiovascular diseases. Consequently, new diagnostic evaluation tools have been introduced and new drugs have been indicated for treating cardiovascular diseases.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref></p>
      <p>Recent articles in <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</italic>, also known as ABC Cardiol, have shown great scientific advances in basic research, with studies originating from researchers from Brazil and from other countries. Additionally, knowledge from more diverse areas has been seen in national scientific output. In the last decade, the journal has seen a significant increase in the number of articles from different fields of research such as physical education, physiotherapy, nutrition, biology, biomedicine, etc. This Editorial focuses on basic research articles recently published in ABC Cardiol.</p>
      <p>Currently, exercise is considered an important tool for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases, particularly when considering population aging.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref> Consequently, the use of physical exercise has played an important role in cardiovascular diseases in the contemporary national and international scientific output. Recently, ABC Cardiol articles have shown that physical exercise contributes to redox and inflammatory balance in the heart in conditions of systemic agressions, such as obesity<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref> and low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout associated with ovariectomy.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4"><sup>4</sup></xref> Exercise has also been shown to stimulate myocardial angiogenesis in diabetic cardiomyopathy.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref> Even passive exercise, such as whole-body vibration has produced beneficial effects by increasing myocardial tolerance to ischemia in rats.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref> These results add to the understanding of the mechanisms involved regarding the beneficial effects of exercise on cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment.</p>
      <p>Another widely addressed strategy in cardiology is nutritional therapy.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref> A recent study highlighted the antioxidant effects of a&#231;a&#237; berry and the improvement in energy metabolism, regardless of changes in left ventricular function after ischemia-reperfusion in rats.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref> Fat is another component under the experimental spotlight. Muniz et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref> reported that a high-lard diet increases body weight without inducing rat dyslipidemia. On the other hand, a high-lard high-cholesterol diet leads to dyslipidemia and severe liver damage.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref></p>
      <p>In addition to the potential non-pharmacological therapies described above, new drug effects have been studied in reports published in ABC Cardiol. Ramezani-Aliakbari et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref> evaluated the use of trimetazidine in diabetic rats with cardiomyopathy. The drug, often used to improve myocardial metabolism in coronary heart disease, reduced myocardial hypertrophy, and improved electrocardiographic and functional ventricular parameters <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref>. Another drug, the angiotensin-II type 1 receptor blocker losartan, was shown to improve myocardial function in rats with high-fat diet-induced obesity.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref></p>
      <p>In the field of myocardial revascularization, rapamycin administered in combination with &#945;-cyanoacrylate was superior in maintaining vascular patency than either used individually in vascular grafts in rats.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref> The positive effects seemed to be related to decreased intimal thickening, cell proliferation, and inflammatory response in the graft.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref></p>
      <p>Finally, studies investigating factors aggravating cardiovascular diseases have also been published. Vassallo et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref> described that mercury exposure impairs systemic arterial hypertension and increases myocardial oxidative stress and plasma activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Physical stress, another risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, was also addressed.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref> Physical stress induction during the prenatal period resulted in sex-specific changes in the &#946;1 adrenergic receptor gene expression of adult rat offspring.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref> On the other hand, applying physical stress 60 minutes before ischemia-reperfusion reduced the infarction area and improved ventricular function in rats.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref></p>
      <p>Despite the increase in information on the effect of physical exercise on signaling pathways, the systemic and cardiovascular effects of different diets, and the use of novel drugs for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases, there is still a long way to go before knowledge can be incorporated into clinical practice. Hopefully, advances in translational medicine can help reduce the time lag between basic knowledge and its clinical application. ABC Cardiol has an important role in publishing scientifically relevant and important articles related to all areas of cardiology. Additionally, the journal promotes high-quality multi-professional and scientific debate, bringing together different professionals involved in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <ack>
        <title>Acknowledgments</title>
        <p>FAPESP (Proc. n. 2018/07048-2) and CNPq (Proc. n. 310876/2018-4).</p>
      </ack>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
