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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">qdnRLqKkwqTdSZxsxLnSG6R</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2020001100513</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20200936</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20200936</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Medi&#231;&#227;o do Fluxo Sangu&#237;neo Coronariano por Angiocoronariografia Convencional por um Novo M&#233;todo Baseado na Detec&#231;&#227;o da Densidade de Contraste</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5100-0471</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Garcia-Garcia</surname>
            <given-names>Hector M.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Blanco</surname>
            <given-names>Pablo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">MedStar Washington Hospital Center</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Departamento de Cardiologia Intervencionista</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Washington</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">DC</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="US">EUA</country>
        <institution content-type="original">MedStar Washington Hospital Center &#8211; Departamento de Cardiologia Intervencionista, Washington, DC - EUA</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Georgetown University</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">School of Medicine</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Washington</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">DC</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="US">EUA</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC - EUA</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Laborat&#243;rio Nacional de Computa&#231;&#227;o Cient&#237;fica</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Petr&#243;polis</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Laborat&#243;rio Nacional de Computa&#231;&#227;o Cient&#237;fica, Petr&#243;polis, RJ - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>4</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto Nacional de Ci&#234;ncia e Tecnologia em Medicina Assistida por Computa&#231;&#227;o Cient&#237;fica</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Petr&#243;polis</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto Nacional de Ci&#234;ncia e Tecnologia em Medicina Assistida por Computa&#231;&#227;o Cient&#237;fica,Petr&#243;polis, RJ - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Hector M. Garcia-Garcia &#8226; MedStar Washington Hospital Center, 110 Irving St NW, Washington DC- EUA E-mail: <email>hector.m.garciagarcia@medstar.net</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>28</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>115</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>513</fpage>
      <lpage>514</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Fluxo Sangu&#237;neo Regional</kwd>
        <kwd>Pulso Arterial</kwd>
        <kwd>Circula&#231;&#227;o Coron&#225;ria</kwd>
        <kwd>Sensibilidade de Contraste</kwd>
        <kwd>Angiografia Coron&#225;ria/m&#233;todos</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="3"/>
        <page-count count="2"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Desde os prim&#243;rdios de sua utiliza&#231;&#227;o, a avalia&#231;&#227;o do fluxo coronariano indireto por angiocoronariografia (ACG) tem sido relatada em todas as notas laboratoriais de hemodin&#226;mica, pois &#233; considerada uma ferramenta progn&#243;stica, particularmente no contexto da interven&#231;&#227;o percut&#226;nea coronariana prim&#225;ria. A tromb&#243;lise no sistema de grau de fluxo do infarto do mioc&#225;rdio (TIMI) e, com menos frequ&#234;ncia, na contagem de quadros TIMI corrigida (<italic>corrected TIMI Frame Count &#8212; CTFC</italic>) s&#227;o os dois escores mais comumente usados para refletir o estado do fluxo sangu&#237;neo coronariano (FSC).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Nesta edi&#231;&#227;o, Lopez-Hidalgo e Eblen-Zajjur relatam<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> uma nova abordagem de medi&#231;&#227;o angiogr&#225;fica quantitativa do FSC com base na detec&#231;&#227;o de contraste densitom&#233;trico (DM) em ACG offline. Para tanto, trinta pacientes foram estudados e divididos em 2 grupos: grupo de fluxo sangu&#237;neo coronariano normal (FN) e fluxo sangu&#237;neo coronariano lento (FL), de acordo com a CTFC. Os autores conclu&#237;ram que o novo m&#233;todo DM era vi&#225;vel e demonstrava a capacidade de diferenciar fluxo normal (FN) e fluxo lento (FL) em pacientes com dor tor&#225;cica e art&#233;rias coronarianas normais.</p>
    <p>Os autores desenvolveram uma abordagem criativa para medir o FSC quantitativamente e objetivamente, de forma indireta. Essa abordagem supera parcialmente as limita&#231;&#245;es dos escores tradicionais TIMI e CTFC. Por este motivo, gostar&#237;amos de parabenizar os autores por este relat&#243;rio inovador. Isto posto, gostar&#237;amos de destacar alguns pontos que merecem uma discuss&#227;o mais aprofundada. Primeiro, houve uma tentativa de definir fluxo coronariano &#8220;normal&#8221;. Com base na popula&#231;&#227;o estudada, derivou-se o ponto de corte da ACG. Nunca se pode ter certeza se esses pacientes t&#234;m realmente FSC normal. Tradicionalmente, os m&#233;todos n&#227;o invasivos (como tomografia por emiss&#227;o de p&#243;sitrons e resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica card&#237;aca) e m&#233;todos invasivos (ou seja, guia-Doppler e termodilui&#231;&#227;o) s&#227;o considerados as melhores abordagens para medir o FSC e, para cada tecnologia, s&#227;o conhecidos os valores padr&#227;o de normalidade.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Assim, no relat&#243;rio, a defini&#231;&#227;o de valores &#8220;normais&#8221; pode ser, na melhor das hip&#243;teses, um substituto aproximado do FSC real.</p>
    <p>Em segundo lugar, o uso de uma abordagem de DM que requeira o uso de um software offline pode complicar a ado&#231;&#227;o dessa ferramenta para fins cl&#237;nicos. Em terceiro lugar, as medi&#231;&#245;es s&#227;o realizadas na fase de <italic>washout</italic> para a qual n&#227;o h&#225; uma defini&#231;&#227;o clara da janela de tempo, podendo ser influenciadas pelo tipo de contraste usado, modo de inje&#231;&#227;o de contraste (manual vs. autom&#225;tico), dura&#231;&#227;o da filmagem e, possivelmente, pela inje&#231;&#227;o de nitratos intracoron&#225;rios, que em alguns laborat&#243;rios de hemodin&#226;mica s&#227;o administrados rotineiramente, enquanto em outros podem n&#227;o ser injetados. Al&#233;m disso, apenas intervalos de quartil subjetivamente menores foram fornecidos como evid&#234;ncia para o uso da fase de <italic>washout</italic>. Nenhuma evid&#234;ncia estatisticamente significativa foi fornecida.</p>
    <p>Aplaudimos qualquer esfor&#231;o para tornar nossas avalia&#231;&#245;es de ACG mais quantitativas e objetivas, o que pode ser feito usando a abordagem densitom&#233;trica apresentada neste relat&#243;rio, mas antes que algu&#233;m possa considerar seu uso cl&#237;nico, seria necess&#225;ria uma valida&#231;&#227;o extensa.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <title>Refer&#234;ncias</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>1. Gibson CM, Cannon CP, Daley WL, Dodge Jr JT, Alexander B, Marble SJ, et al. TIMI frame count: a quantitative method of assessing coronary artery flow. <italic>Circulation</italic>. 1996;93(5):879-88.</mixed-citation>
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            <name>
              <surname>Gibson</surname>
              <given-names>CM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cannon</surname>
              <given-names>CP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Daley</surname>
              <given-names>WL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Dodge</surname>
              <given-names>JT</given-names>
              <suffix>Jr</suffix>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Alexander</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Marble</surname>
              <given-names>SJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>TIMI frame count: a quantitative method of assessing coronary artery flow</article-title>
          <source>Circulation</source>
          <year>1996</year>
          <volume>93</volume>
          <issue>5</issue>
          <fpage>879</fpage>
          <lpage>888</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation>2. Lopez-Hidalgo M, Eblen-Zajjur A. Coronary Blood Flow Measurement in Conventional Coronary Angiograms by a New Method Based on Contrast Density Detection. A Physiological Insight. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(3):503-512.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Lopez-Hidalgo</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Eblen-Zajjur</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Coronary Blood Flow Measurement in Conventional Coronary Angiograms by a New Method Based on Contrast Density Detection. A Physiological Insight</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>115</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>503</fpage>
          <lpage>512</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B3">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation>3. Lance Gould K, Johnson Nils P, Timothy M Bateman, Rob S Beanlands, Frank M Bengel, et al. Anatomic versus physiologic assessment of coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013 Oct,62(18):1639-53.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Lance Gould</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Johnson Nils</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bateman</surname>
              <given-names>Timothy M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Beanlands</surname>
              <given-names>Rob S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bengel</surname>
              <given-names>Frank M</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Anatomic versus physiologic assessment of coronary artery disease</article-title>
          <source>J Am Coll Cardiol</source>
          <year>2013</year>
          <month>10</month>
          <volume>62</volume>
          <issue>18</issue>
          <fpage>1639</fpage>
          <lpage>1653</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <italic>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Medi&#231;&#227;o do Fluxo Sangu&#237;neo Coron&#225;rio em Angiogramas Coron&#225;rios Convencionais por um Novo M&#233;todo Baseado na Detec&#231;&#227;o da Densidade de Contraste. Uma Vis&#227;o Fisiol&#243;gica</italic>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Coronary Blood Flow Measurement in Conventional Coronary Angiograms by a New Method Based on Contrast Density Detection</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5100-0471</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Garcia-Garcia</surname>
            <given-names>Hector M.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Blanco</surname>
            <given-names>Pablo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3001">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4001">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="US">USA</country>
        <institution content-type="original">MedStar Washington Hospital Center &#8211; Departamento de Cardiologia Intervencionista, Washington, DC - USA</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="US">USA</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC - USA</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3001">
        <label>3</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Laborat&#243;rio Nacional de Computa&#231;&#227;o Cient&#237;fica, Petr&#243;polis, RJ - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4001">
        <label>4</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto Nacional de Ci&#234;ncia e Tecnologia em Medicina Assistida por Computa&#231;&#227;o Cient&#237;fica, Petr&#243;polis, RJ - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001"> Mailing Address: Hector M. Garcia-Garcia &#8226; MedStar Washington Hospital Center, 110 Irving St NW, Washington DC- USA E-mail: hector.m.garciagarcia@medstar.net </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Regional Blood Flow Pulse</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronary Circulation</kwd>
        <kwd>Contrast Sensitivity</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronary Angiography/methods</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>From its inception, indirect coronary flow assessment by coronary angiography (CAG) has been reported in every catheterization laboratory note as it is regarded a prognostic tool particularly in the context of primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grade system and, somewhat less often, corrected TIMI Frame Count (CTFC) are the two most commonly used scores to reflect the status of coronary blood flow (CBF).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> In this issue, Lopez-Hidalgo and Eblen-Zajjur report<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> a new approach of quantitative angiographic measurement of CBF based on densitometric (DM) contrast detection in off-line CAG. To this aim, thirty patients were studied and divided into 2 groups: normal coronary blood flow (NF) and slow coronary blood flow (SF), according to the CTFC. The authors concluded that the new DM method was feasible and showed some capability to differentiate between normal flow (NF) and slow flow (SF) in patients with chest pain and normal coronary arteries.</p>
      <p>The authors have devised a creative approach to indirect measurement of CBF, both quantitatively and objectively. This approach partly overcomes the limitations of the traditional TIMI and CTFC scores. For this reason, we would like to congratulate the authors on this novel report. Having said this, some points deserve further discussion. First, there was an attempt to define &#8220;normal&#8221; coronary flow. Using the study population, the cut-off was derived from CAG. One can never be sure whether these patients have actually normal CBF. Traditionally, non-invasive methods (such as Positron Emission Tomography and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging) and invasive methods (i.e. Doppler Wire and thermodilution) are considered the best approaches to measure CBF and standard normality values are known for each technology.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> In the report, the definition of &#8220;normal&#8221; values may be, at best, an approximated surrogate to the real CBF.</p>
      <p>Secondly, using a DM approach which requires an off-line software might complicate the adoption of this tool for clinical purposes. Thirdly, the measurements are performed in the washout phase for which there is not a clear definition of such a time window, and might be influenced by the type of contrast used, mode of contrast injection (manual vs. automatic), the filming length and potentially by the injection of intracoronary nitrates which, in some cath labs, are administered routinely while in others it may not be injected at all. In addition, only subjectively narrower quartile ranges were provided as evidence for using the washout phase and no statistically significant evidence was given.</p>
      <p>We applaud any effort to make our CAG assessments more quantitative and objective, which can be achieved by using the densitometric approach presented in this report, but before considering using it clinically, extensive validation would be required.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <italic>Short Editorial related to the article: Coronary Blood Flow Measurement in Conventional Coronary Angiograms by a New Method Based on Contrast Density Detection. A Physiological Insight</italic>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
